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Tey Kok Soon
University of Malaya, 37447 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603

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Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
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In this paper, an Improved Social Ski Driver based MPPT algorithm (ISSD-MPPT) has been proposed. Single dynamic tuning parameter making the algorithm implementation simpler as compared to the others. Besides, the ISSD-MPPT also increased the convergence speed (CS) by 38.75% compared to the conventional Social Ski Driver algorithm (SSD). Then, a new approach to increase the response speed during load variations, which is applicable in any conventional dc-dc converter, has been proposed. Different complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs) were tested on a buck-boost converter with an average tracking time less than 1s and a tracking efficiency of 99.8%. The MPPT rating through rating computation technique proved the proposed method consists of a higher number of features, with fast CS for irradiance and load variations, along with the low power fluctuations during the tracking state.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2021. "Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Energy Storage
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Conventional SoC estimation methods mainly rely on electrical parameters such as the current and voltage of the battery. However, recent studies have shown that the non-electrical parameters such as strain and temperature that have non-linear relationships with the battery SoC can be adopted for SoC estimation. In this work, the use of non-electrical parameters for SoC estimation using Deep Neural Network (DNN) was proposed. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are employed for the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature of the battery. Besides, Pseudohigh-Resolution interrogation (PHRI) method is adopted for demodulating the output spectra to improve the detection accuracy of the small wavelength signals from the FBG sensors. Our findings have shown a great improvement in the FBG signal quality based on a high up-sampling rate, k in the spectral processing using PHRI. This has a significant impact on the performance of the SoC estimation using DNN. In the comparison with SoC estimation based on electrical parameters, the proposed model based on non-electrical parameters has a better estimation performance.

ACS Style

Yen-Jie Ee; Kok-Soon Tey; Kok-Sing Lim; Prashant Shrivastava; S.B.R.S. Adnan; Harith Ahmad. Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge (SoC) Estimation with Non-Electrical parameter using Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Journal of Energy Storage 2021, 40, 102704 .

AMA Style

Yen-Jie Ee, Kok-Soon Tey, Kok-Sing Lim, Prashant Shrivastava, S.B.R.S. Adnan, Harith Ahmad. Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge (SoC) Estimation with Non-Electrical parameter using Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Journal of Energy Storage. 2021; 40 ():102704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Jie Ee; Kok-Soon Tey; Kok-Sing Lim; Prashant Shrivastava; S.B.R.S. Adnan; Harith Ahmad. 2021. "Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge (SoC) Estimation with Non-Electrical parameter using Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)." Journal of Energy Storage 40, no. : 102704.

Conference paper
Published: 25 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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With the growing environmental concern, the demand for electric vehicle is increasing in India. However, the limited existing charging facilities slow down the rate of adoption in the market. Presently, the solar-based charging system is gaining popularity, due to its low greenhouse gas emission. In this study, a case study for different solar charging systems suited in Delhi is presented. The economic and environmental analysis of different solar-based EV charging systems utilized for charging three types of commercial EVs such as 2, 3, and 4-W is explained. The cost of energy required for 100 km drive is lower with vehicle integrating PV charging system; however, it can act as a supportive system for driving range improvement. The analysis shows that the economically solar rooftop charging system is suitable for all types of EVs. The CO2 emission produced by all types of solar-based EV charging systems is lower than coal-based charging systems.

ACS Style

Prashant Shrivastava; TeyKok Soon; Saad Mekhilef; Furkan Ahmad. Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 301 -315.

AMA Style

Prashant Shrivastava, TeyKok Soon, Saad Mekhilef, Furkan Ahmad. Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():301-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prashant Shrivastava; TeyKok Soon; Saad Mekhilef; Furkan Ahmad. 2021. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 301-315.

Conference paper
Published: 25 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers achieve higher importance due to the high expansion rate of photovoltaic systems. The probability of partial shading conditions (PSCs) is also increased which drastically reduced the maximum power extraction capability from PV systems. In this paper, different types of MPPT algorithms using direct control method have been examined under the same test conditions. The current research trend on MPPT controllers has also been highlighted. This paper gives a brief description to engineers and practitioners working in the area of MPPT controllers.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 253 -264.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Karam Khairullah Mohammed, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():253-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2021. "Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 253-264.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Sustainability
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When a photovoltaic (PV) system is exposed to physical objects and cloud coverage and connected to bypass diodes, a partial shading condition (PSC) occurs, which causes a global maximum power point (GMPP) and numerous local maximum power points (LMPPs) on the power-voltage (P-V) curve. Unlike conventional MPPT techniques that search for multiple LMPPs on the P-V curve, it is possible to track GMPP straightaway by designing a simple but robust MPPT technique that results in faster tracking speed and low power oscillations. Hence, in this study, an improved proportional-integral (PI) coordinated Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is designed to enhance the conversion efficiency of a PV system under PSC with fast-tracking speed and reduced power oscillations. Here, PI controllers are used to mitigating the steady-state errors of output voltage and current of PV system that later on passed through an incremental conductance (INC) algorithm to regulate the duty cycle of a dc–dc boost converter in order to ensure fast MPPT process. The PV system is integrated with the grid through an H-bridge inverter, which is controlled by a synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller. Tracking speed and steady-state oscillations of the proposed MPPT are evaluated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated via a laboratory experimental setup using Agilent solar simulator and dSPACE (DS1104) controller. Results show that the proposed MPPT technique reduces the power fluctuations of PV array significantly and the tracking speed of the proposed method is 13% and 11% faster than the conventional INC and perturb and observe (P&O) methods respectively under PSCs.

ACS Style

Haidar Islam; Saad Mekhilef; Noraisyah Shah; Tey Soon; Addy Wahyudie; Mahrous Ahmed. Improved Proportional-Integral Coordinated MPPT Controller with Fast Tracking Speed for Grid-Tied PV Systems under Partially Shaded Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 830 .

AMA Style

Haidar Islam, Saad Mekhilef, Noraisyah Shah, Tey Soon, Addy Wahyudie, Mahrous Ahmed. Improved Proportional-Integral Coordinated MPPT Controller with Fast Tracking Speed for Grid-Tied PV Systems under Partially Shaded Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haidar Islam; Saad Mekhilef; Noraisyah Shah; Tey Soon; Addy Wahyudie; Mahrous Ahmed. 2021. "Improved Proportional-Integral Coordinated MPPT Controller with Fast Tracking Speed for Grid-Tied PV Systems under Partially Shaded Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 830.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
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With the increasing demand for Lithium-ion batteries in an electric vehicle (EV), it is always crucial to develop a highly accurate and low-cost state estimation method for the battery management system (BMS). Presently, the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) is extensively utilized for online SOC estimation. However, the problem of battery model parameter divergence from the true value greatly affects the estimation accuracy under realistic dynamic loading conditions. In this paper, the new dual forgetting factor-based adaptive extended Kalman filter (DFFAEKF) is proposed for SOC estimation. The proposed SOC estimation method is combined with the simple SOE estimation approach to develop the combined SOC and SOE estimation method. The quantitative relationships between SOC and SOE for all the test battery cells which are established with the experimental data collected from different constant current discharge profiles are employed for SOE estimation. To evaluate the performance of the developed combined SOC and SOE estimation method, the three different chemistries battery cells are chosen for the testing under different dynamic loading profiles such as dynamic stress test (DST) and US06 drive cycle. For all the considered test battery cells, the experimental results indicated that the combined SOC and SOE estimation method using the proposed DFFAEKF can estimate the battery states under dynamic operating conditions with root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.85 % and 0.95 % respectively. The proposed method also demonstrates fast convergence to its true value under erroneous initial conditions and low computational cost. Additionally, the worst-case big O notation complexity of the proposed DFFAEKF is equivalent to DEKF. Besides, the simplicity of the proposed method also helps to reduce the computational burden of the processor used in BMSs, and therefore it is well-suited for EV applications.

ACS Style

Prashant Shrivastava; Tey Kok Soon; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Syed Bahari Ramadzan Syed Adnan. Combined State of Charge and State of Energy Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Dual Forgetting Factor-Based Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Electric Vehicle Applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2021, 70, 1200 -1215.

AMA Style

Prashant Shrivastava, Tey Kok Soon, Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris, Saad Mekhilef, Syed Bahari Ramadzan Syed Adnan. Combined State of Charge and State of Energy Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Dual Forgetting Factor-Based Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Electric Vehicle Applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2021; 70 (2):1200-1215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prashant Shrivastava; Tey Kok Soon; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Syed Bahari Ramadzan Syed Adnan. 2021. "Combined State of Charge and State of Energy Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Dual Forgetting Factor-Based Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Electric Vehicle Applications." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 2: 1200-1215.

Review article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are serially connected in a PV string to provide a high-voltage input for grid-connected inverters. One of the stumbling blocks in maximum power extraction is the detrimental effects of partial shading condition (PSC) on series-connected PV modules/submodules. There are different types of approaches proposed in the literature to mitigate or minimize the effect of PSCs. However, in this paper, the study focused on the review of voltage equalizer (VE) topologies, a segment of circuit-based shading mitigation approaches. VE topologies increased the maximum power extraction capability during PSCs in comparison with the activation of bypass diodes by equalizing the voltages across all modules connected in series and avoids the multiple peaks generation on P–V and I–V curve. Twenty-three VE topologies were reviewed and classified into seven categories in a manner that each subsequent topology improved the prior. Each topology has been elaborated from a design perspective. Further, the topologies were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Additionally, the optimized topology from each category was evaluated for improved efficiency and loss percentage using a PowerSIM software tool. For a fair comparison between each type, the same set of PSCs was considered. An experimental performance comparison between one of the efficient VE topology and conventional solar PV optimization controller proves the power efficiency improved by 60.12% for the same PSC. The conclusion was drawn based on the literature review and evaluation findings. This study provides a brief idea to researchers and practitioners about the ongoing topologies of VEs. This work also suggests future recommendations on which further research can be focused.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Advancement of voltage equalizer topologies for serially connected solar modules as partial shading mitigation technique: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 285, 124824 .

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Advancement of voltage equalizer topologies for serially connected solar modules as partial shading mitigation technique: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 285 ():124824.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2020. "Advancement of voltage equalizer topologies for serially connected solar modules as partial shading mitigation technique: A comprehensive review." Journal of Cleaner Production 285, no. : 124824.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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In this paper, a new maximum power point tracking algorithm based on a modified butterfly optimization algorithm (MBOA) has been proposed. The proposed method is capable of differentiating between different partial shading patterns, uniform shading, solar intensity and load variation conditions with fast convergence speed (CS). Only one dynamic variable is used as a tuning parameter reducing the complexity of the algorithm. The search space skipping method has been proposed to improve the CS. The proposed method is hybridized with a constant impedance method to improve the response time of the system for fast varying load variations. The proposed method has been validated experimentally on SEPIC converter topology with a sampling time of 0.05 s. The experimental validation proved the average tracking time for different shading patterns is less than 1 s with steady-state efficiency of 99.85% on average. The CS for uniform shading conditions is improved by 47.20%. The response to load variation is also improved by 86.15% and becomes eligible to be utilized for fast varying load variations. Lastly, the comparison table based on the MPPT rating has been presented to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method among other popular metaheuristic approaches used for MPPT.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Partial Shading, Uniform Shading, and Fast Varying Load Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2020, 36, 5569 -5581.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Partial Shading, Uniform Shading, and Fast Varying Load Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2020; 36 (5):5569-5581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2020. "Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Partial Shading, Uniform Shading, and Fast Varying Load Conditions." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 5: 5569-5581.

Review
Published: 10 September 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Recently, the use of electric batteries has reached great heights due to the invention of electric vehicles (EVs). Many lithium-ion battery cells are usually connected in series to meet the voltage requirements. The voltages of the entire series-connected battery cells in a battery pack should be equal. However, such result is impossible due to some unavoidable reasons in real life. Unbalanced battery cell voltages can reduce storage capacities and may cause explosions or fires in the worst case which is a major obstacle for safe and optimum operations of battery-driven appliances, such as EVs. Therefore, battery cell voltage equalizations have become an important research topic. Many studies have been conducted to develop and improve techniques to equalize battery cell voltages by incorporating various remarkable features. This study makes a comprehensive and systematic review of these cell equalization techniques. The importance and research prospect of battery cell voltage equalizers are discussed. A critical analysis of recent techniques, particularly on construction, operation, and control strategy of equalization circuits, is also presented. Moreover, recent studies are compared based on circuit designs, sizes, costs, complexities, system efficiencies, applications, control strategies, balancing speeds, and voltage/current stresses of different equalizers. Commonly used two different types of control strategies/algorithms in software system of battery cell equalizers are briefly described. The recent research trend of different equalizers is also discussed in detail. Simulation results of few equalization approaches and performance evaluation techniques are analyzed.

ACS Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Prashant Shrivastava; Kok Soon Tey; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Elmira Jamei; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski. Advancement of lithium-ion battery cells voltage equalization techniques: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 134, 110227 .

AMA Style

Utpal Kumar Das, Prashant Shrivastava, Kok Soon Tey, Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris, Saad Mekhilef, Elmira Jamei, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Alex Stojcevski. Advancement of lithium-ion battery cells voltage equalization techniques: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 134 ():110227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Prashant Shrivastava; Kok Soon Tey; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Elmira Jamei; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski. 2020. "Advancement of lithium-ion battery cells voltage equalization techniques: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 134, no. : 110227.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The solar photo-voltaic systems control architecture has a substantial influence over the cost, efficiency, and accuracy of maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions. In this paper, a novel distributed architecture of a building integrated photo-voltaic system equipped with a single maximum power point tracking controller is presented in order to address the drawbacks associated with respect to cost, complexity and efficiency of the existing photo-voltaic system architectures. In addition, a radial movement optimization based maximum power point tracking control algorithm is designed, developed, and validated using the proposed system architecture under five different partial shading conditions. The inferences obtained from the validation results of the proposed distributed system architecture indicated that cost was reduced by 75% when compared to the commonly used decentralised systems. The proposed distributed building integrated photo-voltaic system architecture is also more efficient, robust, reliable, and accurate.

ACS Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Gokul Thirunavukkarasu; Elmira Jamei; Tey Soon; Ben Horan; Saad Mekhilef; Alex Stojcevski. A Sustainable Distributed Building Integrated Photo-Voltaic System Architecture with a Single Radial Movement Optimization Based MPPT Controller. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6687 .

AMA Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Gokul Thirunavukkarasu, Elmira Jamei, Tey Soon, Ben Horan, Saad Mekhilef, Alex Stojcevski. A Sustainable Distributed Building Integrated Photo-Voltaic System Architecture with a Single Radial Movement Optimization Based MPPT Controller. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Gokul Thirunavukkarasu; Elmira Jamei; Tey Soon; Ben Horan; Saad Mekhilef; Alex Stojcevski. 2020. "A Sustainable Distributed Building Integrated Photo-Voltaic System Architecture with a Single Radial Movement Optimization Based MPPT Controller." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6687.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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Maximum power point tracking is one of the crucial components to ensure the PV system operates optimally. The bypass diodes are added across series-connected PV modules to avoid the hotspot phenomenon which resulted in the multiple peaks on the power-voltage curve during partial shading conditions. In this paper, a new metaheuristic approach, namely Improved Team Game optimization algorithm, has been proposed. Only one tuning parameter is required for the proposed algorithm and a new approach has been introduced to increase the convergence speed. Apart from that, a constant current method has been proposed during load variation conditions which improved the response of the system towards load changes by 78.26%. The experimental results showed that the convergence speed of the proposed method is 72.5% faster than the standard team game optimization algorithm. The proposed method also validated under different shading conditions and proved to have an average MPPT efficiency of 99.78% and an average tracking time of 0.9 s. The comparison between the proposed method and different metaheuristic approaches was also carried out based on grade point average and it showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with a higher number of features.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Improved-Team-Game-Optimization-Algorithm-Based Solar MPPT With Fast Convergence Speed and Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2020, 68, 7093 -7103.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Improved-Team-Game-Optimization-Algorithm-Based Solar MPPT With Fast Convergence Speed and Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2020; 68 (8):7093-7103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2020. "Improved-Team-Game-Optimization-Algorithm-Based Solar MPPT With Fast Convergence Speed and Fast Response to Load Variations." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 68, no. 8: 7093-7103.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2019 in Sensors
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The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a solution in diverse application domains has nurtured the expansion in the number of devices and data volume. Multiple platforms and protocols have been introduced and resulted in high device ubiquity and heterogeneity. However, currently available IoT architectures face challenges to accommodate the diversity in IoT devices or services operating under different operating systems and protocols. In this paper, we propose a new IoT architecture that utilizes the component-based design approach to create and define the loosely-coupled, standalone but interoperable service components for IoT systems. Furthermore, a data-driven feedback function is included as a key feature of the proposed architecture to enable a greater degree of system automation and to reduce the dependency on mankind for data analysis and decision-making. The proposed architecture aims to tackle device interoperability, system reusability and the lack of data-driven functionality issues. Using a real-world use case on a proof-of-concept prototype, we examined the viability and usability of the proposed architecture.

ACS Style

Sin Kit Lo; Chee Sun Liew; Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef. An Interoperable Component-Based Architecture for Data-Driven IoT System. Sensors 2019, 19, 4354 .

AMA Style

Sin Kit Lo, Chee Sun Liew, Kok Soon Tey, Saad Mekhilef. An Interoperable Component-Based Architecture for Data-Driven IoT System. Sensors. 2019; 19 (20):4354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sin Kit Lo; Chee Sun Liew; Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef. 2019. "An Interoperable Component-Based Architecture for Data-Driven IoT System." Sensors 19, no. 20: 4354.

Review article
Published: 28 June 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Carbon impression and the growing reliance on fossil fuels are two unique concerns for world emission regulatory agencies. These issues have placed electric vehicles (EVs) powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) on the forefront as alternative vehicles. The LIB has noticeable features, including high energy and power density, compared with other accessible electrochemical energy storage systems. However, LIB is exceedingly nonlinear and dynamic; therefore, it generally requires an accurate online state-of-charge (SOC) estimation algorithm for real-time applications. Accurate battery modelling is an essential and primary requirement of online SOC estimation to simulate the dynamics. In this paper, different modelling methods suitable for online SOC estimation are discussed, and four groups of available online SOC estimation approaches are reviewed. After the general survey, the study explores the available Kalman filter (KF) family algorithms suitable for model-based online SOC estimation. The mathematical process and limitations of different KF family algorithms are analysed in depth and discussed. Moreover, challenging steps in the implementation of KF family algorithms in model-based online SOC estimation processes, such as selection of battery model, initial SOC and filter tuning, are elaborated for the efficient development of a battery management system, especially for EV application. The on-going research is propelled by KF-based online SOC estimation approaches distinctly emphasised through reviewing various studies for future research progression.

ACS Style

Prashant Shrivastava; Tey Kok Soon; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef. Overview of model-based online state-of-charge estimation using Kalman filter family for lithium-ion batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 113, 109233 .

AMA Style

Prashant Shrivastava, Tey Kok Soon, Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris, Saad Mekhilef. Overview of model-based online state-of-charge estimation using Kalman filter family for lithium-ion batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 113 ():109233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prashant Shrivastava; Tey Kok Soon; Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris; Saad Mekhilef. 2019. "Overview of model-based online state-of-charge estimation using Kalman filter family for lithium-ion batteries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113, no. : 109233.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2018 in Sustainability
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The vibrant, noiseless, and low-maintenance characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems make them one of the fast-growing technologies in the modern era. This on-demand source of energy suffers from low-output efficiency compared with other alternatives. Given that PV systems must be installed in outdoor spaces, their efficiency is significantly affected by the inevitable complication called partial shading (PS). Partial shading occurs when different sections of the solar array are subjected to different levels of solar irradiance, which then leads to a multiple-peak function in the output characteristics of the system. Conventional tracking techniques, along with some nascent/novel approaches used for the tracking maximum power point (MPP), are unsatisfactory when subjected to PS, eventually leading to the reduced efficiency of the PV system. This study aims at investigating the use of the bat algorithm (BA), a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for MPP tracking (MPPT) subjected to PS conditions. A brief explanation of the behavior of the PV system under the PS condition and the advantages of using BA for estimating the MPPT of the PV system under PS condition is discussed. The deployment of the BA for the MPPT in PV systems is then explained in detail highlighting the simulation results which verifies whether the proposed method is faster, more efficient, sustainable and more reliable than conventional and other soft computing-based methods. Three testing conditions are considered in the simulation, and the results indicate that the proposed technique has high efficiency and reliability even when subjected to an acute shading condition.

ACS Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Tey Kok Soon; Elmira Jamei; Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu; Ben Horan; Saad Mekhilef; Alex Stojcevski. Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Bat Algorithm. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1347 .

AMA Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Tey Kok Soon, Elmira Jamei, Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu, Ben Horan, Saad Mekhilef, Alex Stojcevski. Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Bat Algorithm. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Tey Kok Soon; Elmira Jamei; Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu; Ben Horan; Saad Mekhilef; Alex Stojcevski. 2018. "Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Bat Algorithm." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1347.

Review
Published: 04 February 2018 in Energies
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This paper elaborates a comprehensive overview of a photovoltaic (PV) system model, and compares the attributes of various conventional and improved incremental conductance algorithms, perturbation and observation techniques, and other maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms in normal and partial shading conditions. Performance evaluation techniques are discussed on the basis of the dynamic parameters of the PV system. Following a discussion of the MPPT algorithms in each category, a table is drawn to summarize their key specifications. In the performance evaluation section, the appropriate PV module technologies, atmospheric effects on PV panels, design complexity, and number of sensors and internal parameters of the PV system are outlined. In the last phase, a comparative table presents performance-evaluating parameters of MPPT design criterion. This paper is organized in such a way that future researchers and engineers can select an appropriate MPPT scheme without complication.

ACS Style

Haidar Islam; Saad Mekhilef; Noraisyah Binti Mohamed Shah; Tey Kok Soon; Mehdi Seyedmahmousian; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 365 .

AMA Style

Haidar Islam, Saad Mekhilef, Noraisyah Binti Mohamed Shah, Tey Kok Soon, Mehdi Seyedmahmousian, Ben Horan, Alex Stojcevski. Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems. Energies. 2018; 11 (2):365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haidar Islam; Saad Mekhilef; Noraisyah Binti Mohamed Shah; Tey Kok Soon; Mehdi Seyedmahmousian; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. 2018. "Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 11, no. 2: 365.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2018 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
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Photovoltaic arrays subject to partial shading conditions have more than one maximum power point (MPP), and conventional algorithms are unable to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) accurately. Thus, an improved global search space differential evolution algorithm for tracking the GMPP is introduced in this paper. The main contribution of the proposed algorithm are: a) capability in tracking GMPP and faster respond against load variation, b) optimization algorithm can search for the GMPP within a larger operating region as it is implemented by using a single-ended primary-inductor converter, c) easy tuning as less parameter has to be set in the algorithm. The proposed system is first simulated in MATLAB to ensure its capability. The feasibility of the approach is validated through physical implementation and experimentation. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has the capability to track the GMPP within 2 s with an accuracy of 99% and respond to load variation within 0.1 s.

ACS Style

Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Aman Maung Than Oo; Alex Stojcevski. Improved Differential Evolution-Based MPPT Algorithm Using SEPIC for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions and Load Variation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2018, 14, 4322 -4333.

AMA Style

Kok Soon Tey, Saad Mekhilef, Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ben Horan, Aman Maung Than Oo, Alex Stojcevski. Improved Differential Evolution-Based MPPT Algorithm Using SEPIC for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions and Load Variation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2018; 14 (10):4322-4333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Aman Maung Than Oo; Alex Stojcevski. 2018. "Improved Differential Evolution-Based MPPT Algorithm Using SEPIC for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions and Load Variation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14, no. 10: 4322-4333.

Review
Published: 01 January 2018 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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ACS Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Kok Soon Tey; Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Saad Mekhilef; Moh Yamani Idna Idris; Willem Van Deventer; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. Forecasting of photovoltaic power generation and model optimization: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 81, 912 -928.

AMA Style

Utpal Kumar Das, Kok Soon Tey, Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef, Moh Yamani Idna Idris, Willem Van Deventer, Ben Horan, Alex Stojcevski. Forecasting of photovoltaic power generation and model optimization: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81 ():912-928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Kok Soon Tey; Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Saad Mekhilef; Moh Yamani Idna Idris; Willem Van Deventer; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. 2018. "Forecasting of photovoltaic power generation and model optimization: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, no. : 912-928.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2017 in Energies
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A high computational burden is required in conventional model predictive control, as all of the voltage vectors of a power inverter are used to predict the future behavior of the system. Apart from that, the common mode voltage (CMV) of a three-phase four-leg inverter utilizes up to half of the DC-link voltage due to the use of all of the available voltage vectors. Thus, this paper proposes a near state vector selection-based model predictive control (NSV-MPC) scheme to mitigate the CMV and reduce computational burden. In the proposed technique, only six active voltage vectors are used in the predictive model, and the vectors are selected based on the position of the future reference vector. In every sampling period, the position of the reference current is used to detect the voltage vectors surrounding the reference voltage vector. Besides the six active vectors, one of the zero vectors is also used. The proposed technique is compared with the conventional control scheme in terms of execution time, CMV variation, and load current ripple in both simulation and an experimental setup. The LabVIEW Field programmable gate array rapid prototyping controller is used to validate the proposed control scheme experimentally, and demonstrate that the CMV can be bounded within one-fourth of the DC-link voltage.

ACS Style

Abdul Mannan Dadu; Saad Mekhilef; Tey Kok Soon; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan. Near State Vector Selection-Based Model Predictive Control with Common Mode Voltage Mitigation for a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter. Energies 2017, 10, 2129 .

AMA Style

Abdul Mannan Dadu, Saad Mekhilef, Tey Kok Soon, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ben Horan. Near State Vector Selection-Based Model Predictive Control with Common Mode Voltage Mitigation for a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter. Energies. 2017; 10 (12):2129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Mannan Dadu; Saad Mekhilef; Tey Kok Soon; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan. 2017. "Near State Vector Selection-Based Model Predictive Control with Common Mode Voltage Mitigation for a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." Energies 10, no. 12: 2129.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2017 in Energies
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Inaccurate forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a great concern in the planning and operation of stable and reliable electric grid systems as well as in promoting large-scale PV deployment. The paper proposes a generalized PV power forecasting model based on support vector regression, historical PV power output, and corresponding meteorological data. Weather conditions are broadly classified into two categories, namely, normal condition (clear sky) and abnormal condition (rainy or cloudy day). A generalized day-ahead forecasting model is developed to forecast PV power generation at any weather condition in a particular region. The proposed model is applied and experimentally validated by three different types of PV stations in the same location at different weather conditions. Furthermore, a conventional artificial neural network (ANN)-based forecasting model is utilized, using the same experimental data-sets of the proposed model. The analytical results showed that the proposed model achieved better forecasting accuracy with less computational complexity when compared with other models, including the conventional ANN model. The proposed model is also effective and practical in forecasting existing grid-connected PV power generation.

ACS Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Kok Soon Tey; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Mohd Yamani Idna Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. SVR-Based Model to Forecast PV Power Generation under Different Weather Conditions. Energies 2017, 10, 876 .

AMA Style

Utpal Kumar Das, Kok Soon Tey, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Mohd Yamani Idna Idris, Saad Mekhilef, Ben Horan, Alex Stojcevski. SVR-Based Model to Forecast PV Power Generation under Different Weather Conditions. Energies. 2017; 10 (7):876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Utpal Kumar Das; Kok Soon Tey; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Mohd Yamani Idna Idris; Saad Mekhilef; Ben Horan; Alex Stojcevski. 2017. "SVR-Based Model to Forecast PV Power Generation under Different Weather Conditions." Energies 10, no. 7: 876.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2015 in Renewable Energy
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The transformerless inverters used in the grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system induce leakage current due to the absence of galvanic isolation and unstable common mode voltage. Even though, the leakage current is able to be reduced by using the H5 topology, it is still considered high due to the existence of junction capacitance in the switches during the freewheeling mode. In this paper, a six switches and two diodes single phase transformerless PV inverter with stable common mode voltage and reduced leakage current is proposed. The simulation of the proposed topology is carried out in MATLAB and validated experimentally. The results show that the proposed topology has lower leakage current as compared to the H5 topology.

ACS Style

Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef. A reduced leakage current transformerless photovoltaic inverter. Renewable Energy 2015, 86, 1103 -1112.

AMA Style

Kok Soon Tey, Saad Mekhilef. A reduced leakage current transformerless photovoltaic inverter. Renewable Energy. 2015; 86 ():1103-1112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kok Soon Tey; Saad Mekhilef. 2015. "A reduced leakage current transformerless photovoltaic inverter." Renewable Energy 86, no. : 1103-1112.