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In a radial distribution network integrated with distributed generation (DG), frequency and voltage instability could occur due to grid disconnection, which would result in an islanded network. This paper proposes an optimal load shedding scheme to balance the electricity demand and the generated power of DGs. The integration of the Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (FAPSO) is proposed for the application of the planned load shedding and under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. In planning mode, the hybrid optimization maximizes the amount of load remaining and improves the voltage profile of load buses within allowable limits. Moreover, the hybrid optimization can be used in UFLS scheme to identify the optimal combination of loads that need to be shed from a network in operation mode. In order to assess the capabilities of the hybrid optimization, the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and part of the Malaysian distribution network with different types of DGs were used. The response of the proposed optimization method in planning and operation were compared with other optimization techniques. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid optimization in planning mode and demonstrated that the proposed UFLS scheme is quick enough to restore the system frequency without overshooting in less execution time.
Jafar Jallad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Javed Laghari; Ola Badran. Application of Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Techniques for Optimal Load Shedding Planning and Operation in an Islanded Distribution Network Integrated with Distributed Generation. Energies 2018, 11, 1134 .
AMA StyleJafar Jallad, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis, Javed Laghari, Ola Badran. Application of Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Techniques for Optimal Load Shedding Planning and Operation in an Islanded Distribution Network Integrated with Distributed Generation. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJafar Jallad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Javed Laghari; Ola Badran. 2018. "Application of Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Techniques for Optimal Load Shedding Planning and Operation in an Islanded Distribution Network Integrated with Distributed Generation." Energies 11, no. 5: 1134.
Power losses in a distribution system are commonly minimised via optimal network reconfiguration (NR). Previously, research on NR was focused on planning, where the final configuration reporting the lowest power losses being the main goal. However, power losses during switching operations from the original state to the optimal state of configuration were not considered. This study discusses the optimal switching path for minimising power losses when reconfiguring a network. The simultaneous optimal NR and distributed generation (DG) output was also proposed. The proposed methodology involves: (i) optimal NR and DG output simultaneously and (ii) optimal switching path to convert the network from the initial configuration to the final configuration obtained from (i). The selected optimisation technique in this study is the firefly algorithm. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus, and 118-bus radial distribution networks, while also accounting for static and dynamic loads. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the optimal path of switching operations, as well as the optimal network configuration and optimal output of DG units.
Ola Badran; Hazlie Mokhlis; Saad Mekhilef; Wardiah Dahalan; Jafar Jallad. Minimum switching losses for solving distribution NR problem with distributed generation. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2018, 12, 1790 -1801.
AMA StyleOla Badran, Hazlie Mokhlis, Saad Mekhilef, Wardiah Dahalan, Jafar Jallad. Minimum switching losses for solving distribution NR problem with distributed generation. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2018; 12 (8):1790-1801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOla Badran; Hazlie Mokhlis; Saad Mekhilef; Wardiah Dahalan; Jafar Jallad. 2018. "Minimum switching losses for solving distribution NR problem with distributed generation." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 8: 1790-1801.
The inclusion of wind energy in a power system network is currently seeing a significant increase. However, this inclusion has resulted in degradation of the inertia response, which in turn seriously affects the stability of the power system’s frequency. This problem can be solved by using an active power reserve to stabilize the frequency within an allowable limit in the event of a sudden load increment or the loss of generators. Active power reserves can be utilized via three approaches: (1) de-loading method (pitching or over-speeding) by a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT); (2) stored energy in the capacitors of voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission; and (3) coordination of frequency regulation between the offshore wind farms and the VSC-HVDC transmission. This paper reviews the solutions that can be used to overcome problems related to the frequency stability of grid- integrated offshore wind turbines. It also details the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with full-scale back to back (B2B) converters, its corresponding control strategies, and a typical VSC-HVDC system with an associated control system. The control methods, both on the levels of a wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC system that participate in a system’s primary frequency control and emulation inertia, are discussed.
Jafar Jallad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review. Energies 2017, 10, 1244 .
AMA StyleJafar Jallad, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis. Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review. Energies. 2017; 10 (9):1244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJafar Jallad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. 2017. "Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review." Energies 10, no. 9: 1244.