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Guan-Ren Chen
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Sensors
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For pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter drives, an LC filter can cascade to a permanent magnet (PM) machine at inverter output to reduce PWM-reflected current harmonics. Because the LC filter causes resonance, the filter output current and voltage are required for the sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) drive. However, existing sensors and inverters are typically integrated inside commercial closed-form drives; it is not possible for these drives to obtain additional filter output signals. To resolve this integration issue, this paper proposes a sensorless LC filter state estimation using only the drive inside current sensors. The design principle of the LC filter is first introduced to remove PWM current harmonics. A dual-observer is then proposed to estimate the filter output current and voltage for the sensorless FOC drive. Compared to conventional model-based estimation, the proposed dual-observer demonstrates robust estimation performance under parameter error. The capacitor parameter error shows a negligible influence on the proposed observer estimation. The filter inductance error only affects the capacitor current estimation at high speed. The performance of the sensorless FOC drive using the proposed dual-observer is comparable to the same drive using external sensors for filter voltage and current measurement. All experiments are verified by a PM machine with only 130 μH phase inductance.

ACS Style

Chia-Ming Liang; Yi-Jen Lin; Jyun-You Chen; Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang. Sensorless LC Filter Implementation for Permanent Magnet Machine Drive Using Observer-Based Voltage and Current Estimation. Sensors 2021, 21, 3596 .

AMA Style

Chia-Ming Liang, Yi-Jen Lin, Jyun-You Chen, Guan-Ren Chen, Shih-Chin Yang. Sensorless LC Filter Implementation for Permanent Magnet Machine Drive Using Observer-Based Voltage and Current Estimation. Sensors. 2021; 21 (11):3596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chia-Ming Liang; Yi-Jen Lin; Jyun-You Chen; Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang. 2021. "Sensorless LC Filter Implementation for Permanent Magnet Machine Drive Using Observer-Based Voltage and Current Estimation." Sensors 21, no. 11: 3596.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2019 in IEEE Access
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This paper investigates digital implementation issues on high speed permanent magnet (PM) machine drives. The machine operating speed is designed beyond 30krpm where the ratio of controller sample frequency fsample over rotor operating frequency fe is less than 5. Because microcontrollers are used in variable frequency drives to realize the field oriented control (FOC), the discretized effects must be considered to maintain the controller stability under low ratios of fsample/fe. In this paper, the FOC based on different digital controllers are compared specifically at low fsample/fe. It is shown that digital controllers using forward difference and bilinear approximation are able to maintain the drive stability if the voltage delay and inductance crosscoupling are compensated. However, the drive performance strongly depends on the accuracy of inductance parameter. By contrast, the controller using direct digital design achieves the better FOC performance independent to machine parameters. Different types of controllers are experimentally compared to find a suited high speed FOC drive. This paper includes the design guidance of high speed FOC drive for PM machines with different time constants.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Jyun-You Chen; Guan-Ren Chen. Digital Implementation Issues on High Speed Permanent Magnet Machine FOC Drive Under Insufficient Sample Frequency. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 61484 -61493.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu, Po-Huan Chou, Jyun-You Chen, Guan-Ren Chen. Digital Implementation Issues on High Speed Permanent Magnet Machine FOC Drive Under Insufficient Sample Frequency. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):61484-61493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Jyun-You Chen; Guan-Ren Chen. 2019. "Digital Implementation Issues on High Speed Permanent Magnet Machine FOC Drive Under Insufficient Sample Frequency." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 61484-61493.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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ACS Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang. Phase Voltage Measurement for Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive Using Controller Capture Modulator. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2019, 67, 49 -58.

AMA Style

Guan-Ren Chen, Shih-Chin Yang. Phase Voltage Measurement for Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive Using Controller Capture Modulator. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2019; 67 (1):49-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang. 2019. "Phase Voltage Measurement for Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive Using Controller Capture Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 1: 49-58.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2018 in 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
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This paper improves the position sensorless drive of permanent magnet (PM) machine by measuring actual phase voltages with pulse width modulation (PWM). On the basis, the phase voltage is obtained based on the digital integration of PWM voltage using the capture modulator in existing drive microcontrollers (MCU's). Comparing to existing phase voltage measurement, no separated A/D converter and communication hardware are required because PWM pulses are directly measured using MCUs. However for standard machines without neutral points, only line-to-line AC PWM voltages can be measured for the phase voltage reconstruction. Since the capture based on TTL logics receives only digital signals, a preprocess circuit to convert AC PWM line voltages to equivalent digital signals is proposed. This paper clearly explains the hardware implementation using MCU capture modulator. According to experimental results, a 150MHz sampling rate for phase voltage measurement is achieved based on the proposed capture-based voltage measurement.

ACS Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu. Integration of Capture Based Phase Voltage Measurement for Surface Permanent Magnet Machine Position Sensorless Drive. 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) 2018, 2389 -2393.

AMA Style

Guan-Ren Chen, Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu. Integration of Capture Based Phase Voltage Measurement for Surface Permanent Magnet Machine Position Sensorless Drive. 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2018; ():2389-2393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu. 2018. "Integration of Capture Based Phase Voltage Measurement for Surface Permanent Magnet Machine Position Sensorless Drive." 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) , no. : 2389-2393.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2018 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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This paper analyzes the influence of stator windings turn-to-turn fault on inverter-fed permanent magnet (PM) machines. By adding a secondary neutral point (NP) in stator windings, the turn fault detection and tolerant capability can all improve considering a small turn-to-turn short at early stage. From the perspective of fault detection, the proposed windings with two NPs increase the equipment impedance per NP. Once a turn fault occurs, the fault induced voltage harmonic magnitude increases. It results in a better signal-to-noise ratio for the fault detection. From the perspective of tolerant drive, the fault induced circulating currents can flow across different phase coils in the windings with two NPs. Reduced effect on circulating currents in a faculty machine is achieved due to the current diversion. Turn fault induced additional losses are then decreased comparing to conventional windings with only one NP. A 1-kW PM machine with two different windings is tested to verify the fault detection and tolerant performance.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Cheng-Chung Hsu; Guan-Ren Chen; Kang Li. Fault Detection and Tolerant Capability of Parallel-Connected Permanent Magnet Machines Under Stator Turn Fault. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2018, 54, 4447 -4456.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu, Po-Huan Chou, Cheng-Chung Hsu, Guan-Ren Chen, Kang Li. Fault Detection and Tolerant Capability of Parallel-Connected Permanent Magnet Machines Under Stator Turn Fault. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2018; 54 (5):4447-4456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Cheng-Chung Hsu; Guan-Ren Chen; Kang Li. 2018. "Fault Detection and Tolerant Capability of Parallel-Connected Permanent Magnet Machines Under Stator Turn Fault." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 5: 4447-4456.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2017 in Energies
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In conventional position sensorless permanent magnet (PM) machine drives, the rotor position is obtained from the phase-locked loop (PLL) with the regulation of spatial signal in estimated back electromotive force (EMF) voltages. Due to the sinusoidal distribution of back-EMF voltages, a small-signal approximation is assumed in the PLL in order to estimate the position. That is, the estimated position is almost equal to the actual position per sample instant. However, at high speed when the ratio of sampling frequency, fsample, over the rotor operating frequency, fe, is low, this approximation might not be valid during the speed and load transient. To overcome this limitation, a position estimation is proposed specifically for the high-speed operation of a PM machine drive. A discrete-time EMF voltage estimator is developed to obtain the machine spatial signal. In addition, an arctangent calculation is cascaded to the PLL in order to remove this small-signal approximation for better sensorless drive performance. By using the discrete-time EMF estimation and modified PLL, the drive is able to maintain the speed closed-loop at 36 krpm with only 4.2 sampling points per electrical cycle on a PM machine, according to experimental results.

ACS Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Kang Li. Position and Speed Estimation of Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive at High Speed Using an Improved Phase-Locked Loop. Energies 2017, 10, 1571 .

AMA Style

Guan-Ren Chen, Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu, Kang Li. Position and Speed Estimation of Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive at High Speed Using an Improved Phase-Locked Loop. Energies. 2017; 10 (10):1571.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Kang Li. 2017. "Position and Speed Estimation of Permanent Magnet Machine Sensorless Drive at High Speed Using an Improved Phase-Locked Loop." Energies 10, no. 10: 1571.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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Conventional permanent magnet (PM) machine open-phase fault detection relies on the estimation of current harmonics using available phase current sensors. Because the magnitudes of current harmonic are proportional to the machine load condition, it is still a challenge to detect a phase fault at light load when fault-induced current harmonics are too small to estimate. This paper investigates the phase fault detection specifically for the conditions under low fault harmonic magnitudes. Both fault-induced harmonics in dq currents and neutral point (NP) voltage are analyzed to find a suited signal for the fault detection. By adding a voltage sensor to measure the NP voltage in a PM machine, a better fault detection performance is achieved because the fault harmonic in NP voltage results in the reduced effect on torque loads and sensor measurement errors. A 50-W PM machine is tested to verify the phase fault detection performance under low fault harmonic magnitudes. This paper includes the experimental evaluation on the detection limitation in terms of load capability using current and voltage fault signals.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Guan-Ren Chen; Da-Ren Jian. Online Open-Phase Fault Detection for Permanent Magnet Machines With Low Fault Harmonic Magnitudes. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2017, 65, 4039 -4050.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu, Po-Huan Chou, Guan-Ren Chen, Da-Ren Jian. Online Open-Phase Fault Detection for Permanent Magnet Machines With Low Fault Harmonic Magnitudes. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2017; 65 (5):4039-4050.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Guan-Ren Chen; Da-Ren Jian. 2017. "Online Open-Phase Fault Detection for Permanent Magnet Machines With Low Fault Harmonic Magnitudes." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 5: 4039-4050.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 October 2017 in 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
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This paper analyzes the stator windings turn-to-turn fault tolerant capability on inverter-fed permanent magnet (PM) machines. By adding a secondary neutral point (NP) in stator windings, both the fault detection and tolerant capability can be improved considering a small turn-to-turn short at early stage. From the perspective of fault detection, the proposed two NP's windings increase the equipment impedance per NP. Once a turn fault occurs, the fault induced voltage harmonic magnitude can be increased. It results in a better signal-to-noise ratio for the fault detection. From the perspective of tolerant drive, the fault induced circulating currents can flow across different phase coils in the windings with two NP's. Reduced influence of circulating currents on a machine is achieved due to the current diversion. Turn fault induced copper losses are then decreased comparing to conventional windings with only one NP. By using the proposed two NP's windings, the influence of turn fault on PM machines can be minimized. A 1-kW PM machine with two different windings is experimentally evaluated to verify the proposed fault detection and tolerant performance.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Cheng-Xin Liu; Guan-Ren Chen; Kang Li. Fault detection and tolerant capability of parallel connected permanent magnet machines under stator turn fault. 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) 2017, 379 -384.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Yu-Liang Hsu, Po-Huan Chou, Cheng-Xin Liu, Guan-Ren Chen, Kang Li. Fault detection and tolerant capability of parallel connected permanent magnet machines under stator turn fault. 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2017; ():379-384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Yu-Liang Hsu; Po-Huan Chou; Cheng-Xin Liu; Guan-Ren Chen; Kang Li. 2017. "Fault detection and tolerant capability of parallel connected permanent magnet machines under stator turn fault." 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) , no. : 379-384.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2017 in 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia)
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This paper improves the permanent magnet (PM) machine position sensorless drive specifically for high speed operation. To obtain the rotor position, an approximation is typically assumed on the position estimator where the estimated position is almost equal to the actual position per sample instant. This small signal approximation might not be valid at high speed when the ratio of sampling frequency over the rotor operating frequency is lower than 10. In this paper, the limitation of EMF-based sensorless drive at high speed is analyzed. By modifying the position estimator without the small signal approximation, it is shown that the drive can improve to operate at the speed of 30-krpm with only five sampling points per electrical cycle (fsample/fe=5). A PM machine is experimentally evaluated to verify the proposed estimation method.

ACS Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Kang Li. Position sensing of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive at high speed with low sample over rotor operating frequency ratio. 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia) 2017, 1205 -1209.

AMA Style

Guan-Ren Chen, Shih-Chin Yang, Kang Li. Position sensing of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive at high speed with low sample over rotor operating frequency ratio. 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia). 2017; ():1205-1209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guan-Ren Chen; Shih-Chin Yang; Kang Li. 2017. "Position sensing of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive at high speed with low sample over rotor operating frequency ratio." 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia) , no. : 1205-1209.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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This paper proposes a permanent-magnet (PM) machine position-sensorless drive for high speed (> 10-kr/min) applications. A discrete-time back electromotive force (EMF) voltage estimation method is developed to overcome several high-speed position sensing issues, including the voltage error due to the digital-to-analog conversion, inductive cross-coupling, and deviation between the estimated EMF and actual EMF resulting from the digital implementation. To overcome these problems, an observer-based EMF estimation is proposed with three implementation considerations. They are 1) a discrete-time dq current observer to remove the inductive cross-coupling effect for the EMF estimation, 2) a delay model to compensate the voltage error, and 3) a discretized model to estimate the sampled EMF in the discrete-time. A high-speed PM machine is experimentally evaluated to verify all proposed sensorless drive methods.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Guan-Ren Chen. High-Speed Position-Sensorless Drive of Permanent-Magnet Machine Using Discrete-Time EMF Estimation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2017, 64, 4444 -4453.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Guan-Ren Chen. High-Speed Position-Sensorless Drive of Permanent-Magnet Machine Using Discrete-Time EMF Estimation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2017; 64 (6):4444-4453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Guan-Ren Chen. 2017. "High-Speed Position-Sensorless Drive of Permanent-Magnet Machine Using Discrete-Time EMF Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 6: 4444-4453.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 September 2016 in 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
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This paper proposes a permanent magnet (PM) machine position sensorless drive for high speed (>10-krpm) applications. A fully discretized back electromotive force (EMF) estimator is designed to overcome several high speed rotor position estimation issues, including the voltage error due to pulse-width-modulation (PWM), dq inductance cross-coupling effect and the deviation between the estimated EMF and actual EMF resulting from the digital implementation. To overcome these problems, an observer-based EMF estimator is proposed with two implementation considerations. They are i) a discretized dq current observer to minimize the inductance cross-coupling effect on the estimated EMF voltages, and ii) a PWM model considering the EMF cross-coupling effect to obtain actual EMF voltages. A high speed PM machine is experimentally tested to verify all proposed sensorless drive methods.

ACS Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Guan-Ren Chen. High speed operation of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive using discretized EMF estimator. 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Shih-Chin Yang, Guan-Ren Chen. High speed operation of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive using discretized EMF estimator. 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Chin Yang; Guan-Ren Chen. 2016. "High speed operation of permanent magnet machine position sensorless drive using discretized EMF estimator." 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) , no. : 1-6.