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Tao Ma
Department of Road Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Image-based intelligent detection of road cracks with high accuracy and efficiency is vital to the overall condition assessment of the pavement. However, significant problems of continuous cracks interruption and background discrete noise misidentification are frequently observed in current semantic segmentation of pavement cracks, which mainly caused by traditional segmentation convolutional neural networks. This paper proposes a skip-level round-trip sampling block structure with the implementation of convolutional neural networks, thereby constructed a novel pixel level semantic segmentation network called CrackW-Net. After that, two datasets, including the widely recognized Crack500 dataset and a self-built dataset, were used to train two versions CrackW-Net, FCN, U-Net and ResU-Net. Meanwhile, comparative experiments are conducted among all these network models for crack detection. Results show that CrackW-Net without residual block performs the best in the task of pavement crack segmentation.

ACS Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Ju Huyan; XiaoMing Huang; Yanning Zhang. CrackW-Net: A Novel Pavement Crack Image Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2021, PP, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Chengjia Han, Tao Ma, Ju Huyan, XiaoMing Huang, Yanning Zhang. CrackW-Net: A Novel Pavement Crack Image Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2021; PP (99):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Ju Huyan; XiaoMing Huang; Yanning Zhang. 2021. "CrackW-Net: A Novel Pavement Crack Image Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems PP, no. 99: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Making a proper maintenance plan for the pavement health is the key to maintain a good service level and bearing capacity. To cope with the increasing demand for pavement maintenance, based on the idea of reinforcement learning, an intelligent decision-making model for pavement maintenance plans based on proximal policy optimization algorithm was proposed in this paper. The decision model fully considers the comprehensive maintenance benefit-cost ratio during the whole life cycle of the road. To overcome the problems of the experience-led manual decision-making, it conducted the decision-making between pavement conditions and maintenance plans based on data mining technique. Besides, a method for constructing a reinforcement learning Environment module based on a deep artificial neural network was proposed, and a reward function is designed for road maintenance decisions. The model was applied to the highway maintenance decision in Jiangsu Province, and verified that the decision overall accuracy of the reinforcement learning model was 82.2%, which was an increase of 17.2% compared with the artificial neural network model.

ACS Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Siyu Chen. Asphalt pavement maintenance plans intelligent decision model based on reinforcement learning algorithm. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 299, 124278 .

AMA Style

Chengjia Han, Tao Ma, Siyu Chen. Asphalt pavement maintenance plans intelligent decision model based on reinforcement learning algorithm. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 299 ():124278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Siyu Chen. 2021. "Asphalt pavement maintenance plans intelligent decision model based on reinforcement learning algorithm." Construction and Building Materials 299, no. : 124278.

Research article
Published: 27 May 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) constitutes large air voids and coarse aggregate, forming a unique aggregate structure. The open pore structure is advantageous in creating space for stormwater runoff to infiltrate into an underground basin and reduce tyre-road noise. However, this aggregate structure compromises the load-carrying capacity and deformation resistance of the mixture. Achieving balance between permeability and bearing capacity of PAC has been a major concern. This study evaluates effects of the aggregate structure on bearing capacity and the deformation resistance of PAC. Gradation-based framework was first applied to examine different gradations of PAC. Discrete-element models of PAC with varying gradations were developed to evaluate its performance and characteristics of aggregate skeleton. A laboratory wheel track test was conducted to validate findings from the DEM analysis. It was found that gradation that meets the interlock check of the framework produced a mixture with optimal performance. More coarse aggregate provides additional strength but lacks sufficient smaller-sized particles to form a new skeleton when it breaks down. More fine aggregate diminishes the load-carrying capacity and deformation resistance of the mixture as no stable skeleton could be formed.

ACS Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zihao Lin; Haoran Zhu. Effect of aggregate structure on load-carrying capacity and deformation resistance of porous asphalt concrete based on discrete-element modelling. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Junqing Zhu, Tao Ma, Zihao Lin, Haoran Zhu. Effect of aggregate structure on load-carrying capacity and deformation resistance of porous asphalt concrete based on discrete-element modelling. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zihao Lin; Haoran Zhu. 2021. "Effect of aggregate structure on load-carrying capacity and deformation resistance of porous asphalt concrete based on discrete-element modelling." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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In double-layer permeable pavement, upper layer provides better road performance, and sublayer ensures better lateral drainage capacity. The mechanical properties of limestone are weak, so its application in upper layer is limited, while the sublayer does not directly contact with vehicle load, and the application feasibility of limestone aggregate in sublayer of double-layer permeable asphalt pavement is confirmed in this paper. Optimum asphalt contents and reasonable number of Marshall blows of limestone and basalt PAC-16 (Permeable Asphalt Concrete mixture whose nominal maximum aggregate size is 16 mm) were determined, temperature stability, water stability and water permeability were obtained. Gyratory compaction tests were designed and the compaction characteristics, mechanical properties and aggregate crushing characteristics of limestone and basalt PAC-16 were investigated. Considering the disadvantages of the existing testing methods, the concept of “actual crushing proportion (ACP)” was proposed to calculate the crushing degree of aggregate in mixture under load. It was found that the optimum asphalt content of limestone PAC-16 was higher than that of basalt mixture, and the laboratory properties related to field performance of limestone PAC-16 met the requirements of specifications in general. The equivalent compacting times of limestone mixture are slightly less than that of basalt in order to achieve the same void ratio, and the void ratio decay rate of limestone mixture is much faster than that of basalt mixture after opening to traffic. The ACP results showed that limestone aggregate > 13.2 mm can be replaced by basalt aggregate to ensure the strength of aggregate skeleton.

ACS Style

Guangji Xu; Jianwei Fan; Tao Ma; Wei Zhao; Ximao Ding; Zhiwen Wang. Research on application feasibility of limestone in sublayer of Double-Layer permeable asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 287, 123051 .

AMA Style

Guangji Xu, Jianwei Fan, Tao Ma, Wei Zhao, Ximao Ding, Zhiwen Wang. Research on application feasibility of limestone in sublayer of Double-Layer permeable asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 287 ():123051.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangji Xu; Jianwei Fan; Tao Ma; Wei Zhao; Ximao Ding; Zhiwen Wang. 2021. "Research on application feasibility of limestone in sublayer of Double-Layer permeable asphalt pavement." Construction and Building Materials 287, no. : 123051.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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The road layer modulus backcalculation based on the road deflection basin obtained by the Falling Weight Deflectometer is a key issue in road engineering. Traditional Falling Weight Deflectometer backcalculation method based on Artificial Neural Network has the disadvantages of poor generalisation ability and low convergence accuracy in terms of the dynamic modulus. In this paper, a hybrid neural network structure, combined with Residual Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network and Wide & Deep (Abbreviated as ResRNN–W&D) structure, was proposed for Falling Weight Deflectometer deflection basin backcalculation. A case study using the United States Long-Term Pavement Performance database verified that the ResRNN–W&D structure can train Falling Weight Deflectometer data on multiple roads together and achieve fast and high-precision convergence, thereby greatly improving the availability of the multi-source heterogeneous data. Moreover, two transfer learning methods for the ResRNN–W&D structure were proposed to improve the divergence issue. It was found that the ResRNN–W&D structure has stronger generalisation ability than traditional Artificial Neural Network.

ACS Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Siyu Chen; Jianwei Fan. Application of a hybrid neural network structure for FWD backcalculation based on LTPP database. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Chengjia Han, Tao Ma, Siyu Chen, Jianwei Fan. Application of a hybrid neural network structure for FWD backcalculation based on LTPP database. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Siyu Chen; Jianwei Fan. 2021. "Application of a hybrid neural network structure for FWD backcalculation based on LTPP database." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing limestone in porous asphalt concrete (PAC), targeting to the lower layer of the double-layer porous asphalt pavement. Limestone aggregate, which features relatively lower strength and desirable adhesion with asphalt, is used to replace basalt aggregate in PAC due to the shortage and high price of basalt. Both PAC with limestone and PAC with basalt are formulated with Marshall design method. Engineering performance evaluation verified that in comparison with PAC using basalt, PAC using limestone has less optimum asphalt content, lower Marshall compaction numbers, inferior drainage capacity, superior low-temperature cracking resistance, comparable rutting resistance and moisture stability, while satisfy the specification requirements. Furthermore, Superpave compaction model is employed to simulate the site compaction process. The results demonstrated that Superpave compaction process is divided into initial and over densification stages, in which the voids reduction in PAC with limestone is accelerated compared to that in PAC with basalt. The dynamic modulus of PAC increases with loading frequency, decreases with test temperature, and remarkably increases with gyration numbers. The master curves of dynamic modulus for PAC are constructed, which are approximately consistent for both PACs at equivalent compaction numbers. The tensile strength of PAC is found to increase with gyration numbers and both PACs present comparable tensile strength at the given compaction numbers. It is recommended to compact PAC using limestone with 40 gyrations. Therefore, limestone PAC with appropriate design and compaction parameters is prospective as the lower layer of the double-layer porous asphalt pavement.

ACS Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Yuhao Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Jian Xu. A feasibility study exploring limestone in porous asphalt concrete: Performance evaluation and superpave compaction characteristics. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 279, 122457 .

AMA Style

Jianying Hu, Tao Ma, Yuhao Zhu, XiaoMing Huang, Jian Xu. A feasibility study exploring limestone in porous asphalt concrete: Performance evaluation and superpave compaction characteristics. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 279 ():122457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Yuhao Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Jian Xu. 2021. "A feasibility study exploring limestone in porous asphalt concrete: Performance evaluation and superpave compaction characteristics." Construction and Building Materials 279, no. : 122457.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Journal of Hydrology
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With the increasing awareness of the environmental challenges, the porous asphalt pavement has shown greater interests in terms of stormwater management, underground water quality improvement, mitigation of heat-island effect, and reduction of traffic noise. However, these environmental benefits will deteriorate once the porous asphalt pavement is clogged by particles. The aim of this study was using the discrete element method coupled with computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) model to numerically reveal the clogging development in the porous asphalt pavement under rainfall, considering the climate, air voids of the pavement, flow rate, mass of clogging materials, and pavement structure. The degradation of air voids in the double-layer porous asphalt pavement under gravity and/or rainfall was predicted. The results demonstrated that the clogging evolves through four stages, namely rapid clogging, slow clogging, partial recovery, and clogging stability in the pavement under rainfall. The effects of the climate, air voids, mass of clogging materials, and pavement structure on the clogging development are significant. Flow rate imposes negligible effect on clogging evolution in the porous pavement. All factors induce impacts on clogging rate and the distribution frequency of clogging particles in the pavement. Additionally, after clogging, air voids in the double-layer porous asphalt pavement is reduced by 0.8% in the sunny days and 0.55% in the rainy days. The findings in this study contribute to the design and maintenance of the double-layer porous asphalt pavement with superior environmental benefits.

ACS Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Kang Ma. DEM-CFD simulation on clogging and degradation of air voids in double-layer porous asphalt pavement under rainfall. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 595, 126028 .

AMA Style

Jianying Hu, Tao Ma, Kang Ma. DEM-CFD simulation on clogging and degradation of air voids in double-layer porous asphalt pavement under rainfall. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 595 ():126028.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Kang Ma. 2021. "DEM-CFD simulation on clogging and degradation of air voids in double-layer porous asphalt pavement under rainfall." Journal of Hydrology 595, no. : 126028.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Porous asphalt mixture has been extensively exploited as a surfacing layer on highways because it contributes to controlling pavement runoff, enhancing driving safety, mitigating urban-heat island, and reducing tire-pavement noise. This study proposes a methodology to design two types of high-viscosity modified porous asphalt mixtures with target air voids of 20% and 22% (PAC-10 and PAC-16) for the double-layer porous asphalt pavement, involving in fabricating high-viscosity asphalt, formulating aggregate gradations, and optimizing asphalt-aggregate ratio. Firstly, high-viscosity asphalt was manufactured by incorporating high-viscosity modifier into the base asphalt by 12% and 15% (Base-12, Base-15) and crumb rubber-modified asphalt by 8% (CR-8). The physical properties, 60 °C dynamic viscosity, rotational viscosity and viscoelastic properties of high-viscosity asphalt were characterized. Next, based on orthogonal design method, two aggregate gradations were optimized for PAC-10 and PAC-16 mixtures. Furthermore, the Draindown and Cantabro tests were carried to determine the optimum asphalt-aggregate ratios. Finally, the performance metrics of air void content, permeability coefficient, high-temperature and low-temperature performance, and moisture susceptibility was evaluated on PAC-10 and PAC-16 mixtures. The results show that with the addition of high-viscosity modifier into asphalt binder, the softening point, ductility, 60 °C dynamic viscosity, rotational viscosity, complex shear modulus, phase angle, and rutting factor of the binder are increased while the penetration is decreased. The formula of voids volume of the mixture as a function of aggregate gradation is developed, which facilitates the determination of aggregate gradation. Furthermore, the optimum asphalt-aggregate ratio is found to be 4.7% for PAC-10 mixture and 4.1–4.4% for PAC-16 mixture. Both PAC-16 and PAC-10 mixtures with CR-8 are recommended to construct the double-layer porous asphalt pavement.

ACS Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Yuhao Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Jian Xu; Libiao Chen. High-viscosity modified asphalt mixtures for double-layer porous asphalt pavement: Design optimization and evaluation metrics. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 271, 121893 .

AMA Style

Jianying Hu, Tao Ma, Yuhao Zhu, XiaoMing Huang, Jian Xu, Libiao Chen. High-viscosity modified asphalt mixtures for double-layer porous asphalt pavement: Design optimization and evaluation metrics. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 271 ():121893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianying Hu; Tao Ma; Yuhao Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Jian Xu; Libiao Chen. 2020. "High-viscosity modified asphalt mixtures for double-layer porous asphalt pavement: Design optimization and evaluation metrics." Construction and Building Materials 271, no. : 121893.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Permeable pavement constructed with porous asphalt concrete has been more widely used due to its environmental significance (reducing stormwater runoff, recuing traffic noise) and traffic safety advantages. Research regarding permeability and pore structural characteristics of PAC is one of the front topics and yet gaps of knowledge still exist in this area. Pore structure is the primary factor in permeability of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) pavement. The composition and distribution of different pore components of PAC and their impact on permeability and influence factors are worth exploring. This paper evaluates pore structure of PAC using both laboratory tests and discrete element modeling (DEM) simulations. PAC specimens with varying nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and varying gradations were prepared and tested in the laboratory to obtain their total void contents and effective void contents. Permeability tests were conducted to evaluate relationship between pore structure and permeability. A relative indicator of percent effective voids was proposed to evaluate void structure of PAC and was proven to be better indicator than absolute void contents. Laboratory test results revealed that t/NMAS, which is lift thickness divided by NMAS shows better correlation with percent effective voids than NMAS. Interfering size (D2.36) aggregate has a negative impact on percent effective voids and the impact is more significant on smaller size mixes. Discrete-element method (DEM) was utilized to further explore the micro-meso structural characteristics of pore structure of PAC. It was revealed that higher interconnected void content creates more open channel for water to flow and is essentially the cause of increasing permeability. Contributions of interconnected voids in terms of creating void volume is significantly higher than dead-end voids and isolated voids.

ACS Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zihao Lin; Jian Xu; Xiaohua Qiu. Evaluation of internal pore structure of porous asphalt concrete based on laboratory testing and discrete-element modeling. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 273, 121754 .

AMA Style

Junqing Zhu, Tao Ma, Zihao Lin, Jian Xu, Xiaohua Qiu. Evaluation of internal pore structure of porous asphalt concrete based on laboratory testing and discrete-element modeling. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 273 ():121754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zihao Lin; Jian Xu; Xiaohua Qiu. 2020. "Evaluation of internal pore structure of porous asphalt concrete based on laboratory testing and discrete-element modeling." Construction and Building Materials 273, no. : 121754.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2020 in Automation in Construction
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Segregation of asphalt mixture is one of the main concerns causing early-stage failure of asphalt pavement. However, currently, the generation and degree of segregation are mostly judged according to the visual observation which is highly subjective and only applicable to large particle size and coarse asphalt mixture. Otherwise, facing to tedious and huge detection results, inefficient traditional recording and Excel presentation methods reveals a poor productivity. Therefore, this study proposes a new framework for quantitative analysis and visual presentation of segregation in asphalt mixture by integrating both digital image processing (DIP) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies. In this method, a new algorithmic language is established for DIP approach, which could extract more image information, such as segmentation number and edge length in each area. Furthermore, a quantitative index is proposed to evaluate extent of segregation in asphalt mixture, which classifies segregation of asphalt mixture into mild, moderate and severe segregation. Besides, the framework incorporates BIM as a supporting technology to visualize the detection results of pavement segregation on 3D images. Meanwhile, warning points are generated for future maintenance. Finally, a case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed framework. This paper contributes by offering a new approach for the detection of the segregation in asphalt mixture by an easy operation and low cost way. Additionally, this approach also represents the DIP result by an intuitive review based on BIM, which improve the efficiency and decrease time-consuming during the construction phase.

ACS Style

Fanlong Tang; Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Tian Chen; Yanshun Jia. Quantitative analysis and visual presentation of segregation in asphalt mixture based on image processing and BIM. Automation in Construction 2020, 121, 103461 .

AMA Style

Fanlong Tang, Chengjia Han, Tao Ma, Tian Chen, Yanshun Jia. Quantitative analysis and visual presentation of segregation in asphalt mixture based on image processing and BIM. Automation in Construction. 2020; 121 ():103461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanlong Tang; Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Tian Chen; Yanshun Jia. 2020. "Quantitative analysis and visual presentation of segregation in asphalt mixture based on image processing and BIM." Automation in Construction 121, no. : 103461.

Articles
Published: 20 July 2020 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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The rutting resistance design of asphalt pavement is full of compromise between technology and economy because it is difficult to predict rutting evolution and distribution. In order to investigate the criterion of rutting, two forms yield function based on the Perzyna theory were contrasted and utilised in the finite element model. Besides, temperature and traffic load, the most important factors of rutting, were taken into consideration to make the analysis of yield function closer to the field condition of pavement. Two resistance points were proposed as criterions in this paper. One can be used in pavement maintenance to figure out the depth of serious rutting, the other can be used in pavement design to determine the usage depth of modified asphalt mixture. The analysis illustrates that the key to controlling rutting at intersections is to use better anti-rutting materials at the top layers instead of deepening the usage of modified asphalt mixture. Besides, the depth of rutting varies dramatically with axle weights. It can be inferred that there may be deviations of the prediction for the rutting distribution and evolution when using the method of equivalent axle weight.

ACS Style

Jusheng Tong; Tao Ma; Kairen Shen; Hanyu Zhang; Shaopeng Wu. A criterion of asphalt pavement rutting based on the thermal-visco-elastic-plastic model. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Jusheng Tong, Tao Ma, Kairen Shen, Hanyu Zhang, Shaopeng Wu. A criterion of asphalt pavement rutting based on the thermal-visco-elastic-plastic model. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2020; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jusheng Tong; Tao Ma; Kairen Shen; Hanyu Zhang; Shaopeng Wu. 2020. "A criterion of asphalt pavement rutting based on the thermal-visco-elastic-plastic model." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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The mixture recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has become a widely used strategy in road maintenance. The article aimed at acquiring the optimum solutions to quantity and location distribution of RAP stockpile logistic centers over a regional highway network using a multi-factor analysis approach to further promote the development of asphalt recycling technology. Firstly, the economic radius of RAP stockpile logistic centers was calculated to determine the optimal number of RAP stockpile logistic centers according to the density of road network in the target region. Then, the proper location of each RAP stockpile logistic center was investigated employing ArcGIS buffer analysis and Floyd algorithm, with three factors taken into consideration (environment impacts, RAP material yield and consumption of each road in highway network, and the economic transport distance). Finally, upon the selection of each RAP stockpile logistic center site, the economic benefits were evaluated through cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In a case study based on the data of Jiangsu province expressway network, it suggested that an establishment of 13 RAP stockpile logistic centers will meet the recycling maintenance need of asphalt pavement over the whole highway network in Jiangsu province, contributing to a 6-year net maintenance benefit of about 70 million CNY.

ACS Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Guangji Xu; Siyu Chen. A multi-factor analysis approach for recycled asphalt mixture stockpile center location. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2020, 86, 102463 .

AMA Style

Chengjia Han, Tao Ma, Guangji Xu, Siyu Chen. A multi-factor analysis approach for recycled asphalt mixture stockpile center location. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020; 86 ():102463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Han; Tao Ma; Guangji Xu; Siyu Chen. 2020. "A multi-factor analysis approach for recycled asphalt mixture stockpile center location." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 86, no. : 102463.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Cold recycling technology is getting more and more attention due to economic and environmental benefits by reduced energy consumption and resource conservation. However, its application has been limited to the base and subbase layer because of complicated components and poor crack resistance for the last decades. The design method has shortcomings especially the traditional mixing order, which may be one of the reasons for poor crack resistance. To support the viewpoint above, synthetic composite interfaces were designed to simulate the worst situation during the traditional mixing process and observed in micro scale by scanning electron microscopy. In the microstructure of the traditional mixing order, it was apparent that cement paste had a number of microdefects, a signal of lower interfacial adhesive strength. Moreover, based on the microscopic observation, the adding sequence of cement ought to be changed and two optimized mixing orders were designed of which the difference was verified by the SEM observation of synthetic composite interfaces and the mechanical experiments for different curing time. It can be summarized that mechanical performance was consistent with the microscopic observation. The traditional mixing order was the worst one both in the strength and moisture sensitivity. Finally, the optimal mixing order is put forward to decrease the possibility of the adverse interface, that is, the graded aggregates are mixed with additional water first to reach the workability, while cement, asphalt emulsion and mineral powder are mixed to form cement-asphalt emulsion mortar, finally mixing them all up.

ACS Style

Tian Chen; Tao Ma; XiaoMing Huang; Shijie Ma; Fanlong Tang; Shaopeng Wu. Microstructure of synthetic composite interfaces and verification of mixing order in cold-recycled asphalt emulsion mixture. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 263, 121467 .

AMA Style

Tian Chen, Tao Ma, XiaoMing Huang, Shijie Ma, Fanlong Tang, Shaopeng Wu. Microstructure of synthetic composite interfaces and verification of mixing order in cold-recycled asphalt emulsion mixture. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 263 ():121467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Chen; Tao Ma; XiaoMing Huang; Shijie Ma; Fanlong Tang; Shaopeng Wu. 2020. "Microstructure of synthetic composite interfaces and verification of mixing order in cold-recycled asphalt emulsion mixture." Journal of Cleaner Production 263, no. : 121467.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This paper examines performance of high modulus asphalt mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Low penetration grade asphalt binder #30 was used to produce high modulus asphalt mixture containing RAP. Marshall mix design method was used to prepare specimen and EME (Enrobé à Module Élevé) method was incorporated. To address the variance of RAP gradation and poor bonding between stiff virgin binder and aged binder, a modified regeneration method was proposed in this study and was compared with traditional method. Performance of the mixture was examined with lab tests including Marshall stability and flow test, dynamic modulus test, bending test, Marshall immersion test and modified Lottman test. The results indicated that modified method produced more compacted, more stable mixture than traditional method, while low-temperature performance is still below standard. Specimens with different RAP content were prepared and tested to evaluate the effect of RAP content. It was found that 40% RAP produced optimal mixture in terms of dynamic modulus values and moisture damage susceptibility, while low-temperature performance is insensitive to RAP content. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test was conducted to evaluate bonding between binder and aggregate from the micro structural perspective. The results support that modified method improves the bonding between virgin binder and RAP as well as virgin aggregate.

ACS Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Jianwei Fan; Zhanyong Fang; Tian Chen; Yang Zhou. Experimental study of high modulus asphalt mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 263, 121447 .

AMA Style

Junqing Zhu, Tao Ma, Jianwei Fan, Zhanyong Fang, Tian Chen, Yang Zhou. Experimental study of high modulus asphalt mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 263 ():121447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Jianwei Fan; Zhanyong Fang; Tian Chen; Yang Zhou. 2020. "Experimental study of high modulus asphalt mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement." Journal of Cleaner Production 263, no. : 121447.

Editorial
Published: 29 March 2020 in Materials
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This Special Issue “Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials” has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of environmentally-friendly designed pavement materials. For this reason, articles included in this special issue relate to different aspects of pavement materials, from industry solid waste recycling to pavement materials recycling, from pavement materials modification to asphalt performance characterization, from pavement defect detection to pavement maintenance, and from asphalt pavement to cement concrete pavement, as highlighted in this editorial.

ACS Style

Yue Xiao; Sandra Erkens; Mingliang Li; Tao Ma; Xueyan Liu. Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials. Materials 2020, 13, 1575 .

AMA Style

Yue Xiao, Sandra Erkens, Mingliang Li, Tao Ma, Xueyan Liu. Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials. Materials. 2020; 13 (7):1575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Xiao; Sandra Erkens; Mingliang Li; Tao Ma; Xueyan Liu. 2020. "Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials." Materials 13, no. 7: 1575.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Automation in Construction
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While many studies have investigated the application of BIM in helping the integration of architectural, construction or manufacturing projects, however, it has been barely used in road engineering due to the lack of pavement structure analysis in the present Road-BIM products. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for the integration of BIM and structure verification to improve the application of BIM in road engineering and thus reduce the mistake and repetition in pavement design. Relying on the capabilities of Dynamo, a three-dimensional road model with pavement controllable parameters was first established. Successful implementation of this step can facilitate the designer with more flexible and convenient needs in design process. Secondly, a subroutine is developed based on Python to combine Dynamo with the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) which provides the pavement structure analysis. As a response to long-term development between BIM and road engineering, this paper contributes by offering innovative and practical solutions for integration of road design and pavement analysis, which effectively solves the long-existing defect that the pavement structure cannot be analyzed in the environment of BIM, and thus, will significantly promote the further application of BIM technology in the road industry.

ACS Style

Fanlong Tang; Tao Ma; Junhui Zhang; Yongsheng Guan; Lifeng Chen. Integrating three-dimensional road design and pavement structure analysis based on BIM. Automation in Construction 2020, 113, 103152 .

AMA Style

Fanlong Tang, Tao Ma, Junhui Zhang, Yongsheng Guan, Lifeng Chen. Integrating three-dimensional road design and pavement structure analysis based on BIM. Automation in Construction. 2020; 113 ():103152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanlong Tang; Tao Ma; Junhui Zhang; Yongsheng Guan; Lifeng Chen. 2020. "Integrating three-dimensional road design and pavement structure analysis based on BIM." Automation in Construction 113, no. : 103152.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Cold recycling technique is an effective strategy of cost reduction, resource conservation and energy consumption in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. However, the mechanical mechanism of cold recycled mixture is not clear in the process of strength formation. The research was to put forward practical suggestions for mechanical property improvement of cold recycled mixture and generalize the application more efficiently to reach an ultimate purpose of energy and resource conservation. Various mixing orders were designed to construct different interfacial features and reflect on mechanical properties, and two-phase “aggregate-binder” interfaces were considered as the main interface forms to respectively reveal the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of cold recycled mixture. The mechanical properties of different mixing orders were compared and analyzed by the indirect tensile tests and dynamic modulus tests. Besides, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and the backscattered images were captured to extract microvoid parameters. Results indicated that different mixing orders and interface forms had a great influence on the mechanical properties of cold recycled mixture. Within the range of binder content applied in cold recycled mixture, the strength of the interface involving the recycled asphalt particles was larger than that of the interface involving the new aggregates. The indirect tensile strength of the interface involving asphalt emulsion was larger than that of the interface involving cement, while the microvoidage was just on the contrary. In conclusion, mixing cement before adding asphalt emulsion is not conducive to the improvement of mechanical properties. It is suggested that cement and asphalt emulsion should be fully mixed before the contact between aggregate and mortar in order to realize the optimal performance of cold recycled mixture; otherwise, mineral aggregates mixed with asphalt emulsion first can also be a better alternative.

ACS Style

Tian Chen; Yingcheng Luan; Tao Ma; Junqing Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Shijie Ma. Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of different interfaces in cold recycled mixture containing cement and asphalt emulsion. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 258, 120674 .

AMA Style

Tian Chen, Yingcheng Luan, Tao Ma, Junqing Zhu, XiaoMing Huang, Shijie Ma. Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of different interfaces in cold recycled mixture containing cement and asphalt emulsion. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 258 ():120674.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Chen; Yingcheng Luan; Tao Ma; Junqing Zhu; XiaoMing Huang; Shijie Ma. 2020. "Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of different interfaces in cold recycled mixture containing cement and asphalt emulsion." Journal of Cleaner Production 258, no. : 120674.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2019 in Construction and Building Materials
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Agglomeration of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is one of the most important factors affecting performance of cold recycled asphalt mixture. This research is conducted to evaluate the agglomeration of RAP collected from various sources including both raw milled-off and plant-crushed RAP. Three different test methods were used to examine the breaking of agglomerates of RAP, including asphalt extraction test, modified LA abrasion test and mixing test. LA abrasion revolution of RAP samples was performed at various rotations of 50r, 100r, 200r and 300r, and mixing test was performed at different mixing time of 0.5 min, 1 min, 2 min and 3 min. Effects of the testing conditions and plant-crushing on RAP de-agglomeration were evaluated. The obtained results showed that all three tests could effectively reflect the agglomeration property of RAP materials. Good correlations were found among results of the three tests, while abrasion test and mixer test typically have lower loss% than asphalt extraction test. A general indicator of agglomeration degree was proposed for the tests to describe the agglomeration property of RAP and a classification method of RAP particles was proposed based on the results and findings in the tests. Weak structure of RAP has significantly higher agglomeration degree, while old aggregate has very low agglomeration degree. It is suggested to reduce content of weak RAP in the cold recycling process due to its negative impact on the performance of regenerated mixture.

ACS Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zhanyong Fang. Characterization of agglomeration of reclaimed asphalt pavement for cold recycling. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 240, 117912 .

AMA Style

Junqing Zhu, Tao Ma, Zhanyong Fang. Characterization of agglomeration of reclaimed asphalt pavement for cold recycling. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 240 ():117912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junqing Zhu; Tao Ma; Zhanyong Fang. 2019. "Characterization of agglomeration of reclaimed asphalt pavement for cold recycling." Construction and Building Materials 240, no. : 117912.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2019 in Automation in Construction
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As a result of progressive use of BIM in effective collaboration and sophisticated data management, the amount of diverse project information is rapidly increased, thus its appearance directly led to revolutionary change in intelligent engineering and production mode. However, it has not been quite advanced in supporting road engineering, especially in conducting a structural calculation for asphalt pavement. Relying on the capabilities of BIM and finite element modeling software ABAQUS, this paper proposed a data conversion interface that can not only present three-dimensional visual modeling but also conduct structural calculation for asphalt pavement. A 3D visualization modeling of asphalt pavement was firstly carried out through Revit modeling software. Afterward, the generated model file (.RVT) was imported into the transferring software YJK, and the model was transformed into a file named INP by the transferring software. Thus, the generated model file (.INP) was analyzed by the software ABAQUS. This study effectively strengthened the BIM with structural analysis capability by developing a conversion interface based on BIM-ABAQUS. The framework provided a supporting platform for the integration of BIM-based highway route design and pavement structural analysis in pavement engineering.

ACS Style

Fanlong Tang; Tao Ma; Yongsheng Guan; Zhixiang Zhang. Parametric modeling and structure verification of asphalt pavement based on BIM-ABAQUS. Automation in Construction 2019, 111, 103066 .

AMA Style

Fanlong Tang, Tao Ma, Yongsheng Guan, Zhixiang Zhang. Parametric modeling and structure verification of asphalt pavement based on BIM-ABAQUS. Automation in Construction. 2019; 111 ():103066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanlong Tang; Tao Ma; Yongsheng Guan; Zhixiang Zhang. 2019. "Parametric modeling and structure verification of asphalt pavement based on BIM-ABAQUS." Automation in Construction 111, no. : 103066.

Articles
Published: 01 November 2019 in Engineering Optimization
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With ever-increasing road mileages worldwide, more pavement deterioration and ageing present great challenges to the maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) of road pavement. In this study, an intelligent decision-making framework is developed for pavement maintenance using the clustering-PageRank algorithm (CPRA) based on historical big data. The proposed model is applied to a 3.5 km pavement (500 road sections) and leads to recommendations for the optimal pavement maintenance plans with appropriate possibilities. The results indicate that seven plans are the same as those obtained by the experience-based maintenance approach, while the other three are similar. The framework is also verified by comparison with the experience-based maintenance activities and is found to have limited reliability when dealing with a small quantity of solutions. The method and results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for decision makers to make well-informed project decisions on the optimum M&R activities.

ACS Style

Chengjia Han; Mingjing Fang; Tao Ma; Hongyou Cao; Hao Peng. An intelligent decision-making framework for asphalt pavement maintenance using the clustering-PageRank algorithm. Engineering Optimization 2019, 52, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Chengjia Han, Mingjing Fang, Tao Ma, Hongyou Cao, Hao Peng. An intelligent decision-making framework for asphalt pavement maintenance using the clustering-PageRank algorithm. Engineering Optimization. 2019; 52 (11):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjia Han; Mingjing Fang; Tao Ma; Hongyou Cao; Hao Peng. 2019. "An intelligent decision-making framework for asphalt pavement maintenance using the clustering-PageRank algorithm." Engineering Optimization 52, no. 11: 1-19.