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Dr. Hao Wang
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Richard Weeks Hall of Engineering, 500 Bartholomew Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Sustainable, smart, and resilient built environment
0 Multi-scale modeling and characterization of pavement material
0 Development of multi-functional infrastructure material
0 Sustainable and smart pavement in highway and airfield
0 Life-cycle analysis and assessment and pavement management system

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Life-cycle analysis and assessment and pavement management system

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Journal article
Published: 24 July 2021 in Energy Conversion and Management
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The piezoelectric effect in piezoelectric transducers converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy to supply power to road facilities. The piezoelectric transducer designed in the 3–3 piezoelectric mode has been widely studied due to the consideration of power generation performance and load-bearing requirements. However, the conservative design of some external packages and the lack of theory in the internal connection design are two deficiencies of existing research on 3–3 piezoelectric mode transducers. Given the shortcoming of packages cannot make full use of the compressive properties of piezoelectric ceramics which weakens the energy conversion ability of the piezoelectric transducers, a novel piezoelectric transducer with full-pressure packaging was designed. For the lack of theoretical and systematic research on the spatial arrangement and electrical connection of piezoelectric materials inside piezoelectric transducers, from a theoretical point of view, the energy conversion models of piezoelectric transducers in four connection modes: stacked series, stacked parallel, array series, and array parallel were derived. Subsequently, through model verification tests, the influence of the four connection modes on the energy conversion characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer was systematically studied. Finally, the effect of connection mode on energy conversion was explained in a unified manner. Five methods of promoting the energy conversion of piezoelectric transducers were proposed. The study indicated that the connection mode affected the energy conversion of the piezoelectric transducer. Specifically, the maximum energy conversion potential of the piezoelectric transducer is only affected by the spatial arrangement. The electrical connection method determines the matching resistance, which can facilitate the piezoelectric transducer to exert the maximum energy conversion potential. In the stacked type, the peak energy conversion monotonously increases with the number of stacked layers, whereas the array type exhibits the opposite trend. Regardless of the spatial arrangement of the piezoelectric materials, when piezoelectric ceramics are connected in series, the optimal value of resistance increases with the number of piezoelectric ceramics, and the opposite is true when the connection is made in parallel. The normalization analysis pointed out that the connection mode affects the energy conversion of the piezoelectric transducer can be summarized as the volume index of the piezoelectric ceramic group affects its energy conversion. A larger ratio of height to diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic group can improve the energy conversion of the transducer. This article provides ideas for the packaging design of piezoelectric transducers and a theoretical reference for the design of internal piezoelectric ceramic connection methods.

ACS Style

Yangsen Cao; Fan Zhang; Aimin Sha; Zhuangzhuang Liu; Yun Hao; Yazhen Hao. Energy conversion models and characteristics under various inner connections of a novel packaged piezoelectric transducer for pavements. Energy Conversion and Management 2021, 245, 114563 .

AMA Style

Yangsen Cao, Fan Zhang, Aimin Sha, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Yun Hao, Yazhen Hao. Energy conversion models and characteristics under various inner connections of a novel packaged piezoelectric transducer for pavements. Energy Conversion and Management. 2021; 245 ():114563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yangsen Cao; Fan Zhang; Aimin Sha; Zhuangzhuang Liu; Yun Hao; Yazhen Hao. 2021. "Energy conversion models and characteristics under various inner connections of a novel packaged piezoelectric transducer for pavements." Energy Conversion and Management 245, no. : 114563.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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This study developed energy harvesting arrays (EHA) composed of multiple piezoelectric elements for traffic monitoring and energy harvesting. The developed EHA was investigated through compression tests to simulate the effects of different vehicle axle loads and speeds. The effect of the number and configuration of piezoelectric elements on piezoelectric response was explored. To quantify the sensitivity of EHA under different loads, the concept of loading utilization efficiency was proposed. The influence of temperature and surface layer type on the output signal of EHA covered with asphalt surface layer was investigated using wheel rolling test. The compression test showed that the response of EHA was affected by both axle load and vehicle speed. The output voltage and loading utilization efficiency increased gradually with the increase of load and load frequency. The response law of EHA provided ideas for monitoring vehicle axle load and speed information. The open-circuit voltage signal decreased as the number of piezoelectric elements in parallel increased. The recommended number of piezoelectric elements was identified. To reduce the impact of temperature and surface covering material on the perceived traffic information, EHA was recommended to be encapsulated with thermal insulation materials for embedment. The open circuit voltage of EHA in the wheel rolling test was found higher than that in the compression test. This difference was further explained by finite element modeling results showing that the polyurethane plate increased the deformation of thin piezoelectric plates. Considering the strength of the piezoelectric response signal, the recommended thickness of polyurethane underlayment was determined.

ACS Style

Zhuangzhuang Liu; Yangseng Cao; Aimin Sha; Hao Wang; Lukai Guo; Yazhen Hao. Energy harvesting array materials with thin piezoelectric plates for traffic data monitoring. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 302, 124147 .

AMA Style

Zhuangzhuang Liu, Yangseng Cao, Aimin Sha, Hao Wang, Lukai Guo, Yazhen Hao. Energy harvesting array materials with thin piezoelectric plates for traffic data monitoring. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 302 ():124147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuangzhuang Liu; Yangseng Cao; Aimin Sha; Hao Wang; Lukai Guo; Yazhen Hao. 2021. "Energy harvesting array materials with thin piezoelectric plates for traffic data monitoring." Construction and Building Materials 302, no. : 124147.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
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An airfield pavement management system uses pavement condition indexes to evaluate pavement conditions for timely planning of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R). Using the comprehensive Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) PAVEAIR database, this study aims to investigate the consistency of three pavement condition indexes: pavement condition index (PCI), structural condition index (SCI), and foreign object damage index (FOD). First, correlations between the PCI, SCI, and FOD were examined via regression analysis. Survival curves were then generated to compare the service life of airfield pavement estimated using different indexes. Observation results from survival curves were statistically verified by Cox proportional hazard models considering the effects of the pavement surface type, branch use, and any possible interactions between them. Results show that, among those categorized sections under most scenarios, Portland cement concrete (PCC) surfaced pavement sections have longer service life than asphalt concrete (AC) surfaced pavement sections, while apron sections have the shortest service life compared to runway and taxiway sections. However, if a pavement condition is evaluated by the FOD on the taxiway, the advantage of the PCC surfaced pavement section over the AC surfaced pavement section turns out to be the opposite. Meanwhile, for PCC surfaced pavement sections, if SCI is used to estimate the pavement service life, runway sections show a significantly shorter service life than apron and taxiway sections. Study findings indicate that the use of PCI, SCI, and FOD for the planning of M&R treatments in an airfield pavement management system may not be fully replaced by each other, although correlations were found.

ACS Style

Lukai Guo; Hao Wang; Jeff Gagnon. Comparison Analysis of Airfield Pavement Life Estimated from Different Pavement Condition Indexes. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 2021, 147, 04021002 .

AMA Style

Lukai Guo, Hao Wang, Jeff Gagnon. Comparison Analysis of Airfield Pavement Life Estimated from Different Pavement Condition Indexes. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements. 2021; 147 (2):04021002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukai Guo; Hao Wang; Jeff Gagnon. 2021. "Comparison Analysis of Airfield Pavement Life Estimated from Different Pavement Condition Indexes." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 147, no. 2: 04021002.

Research article
Published: 22 April 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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This study aims to use traditional regression model and machine learning method to analyse the impact of traffic loading on pavement performance. Pavement condition data were obtained from pavement management systems (PMS) and axle loads of truck traffic were collected at weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations. Support vector regression (SVR) method was selected for modelling pavement performance since it provides the flexibility to find the appropriate hyperplane in higher dimensions to fit the data and customise control errors in an acceptable range. Compared to traditional nonlinear regression model, the accuracy of pavement performance prediction was significantly increased by utilising the SVR method. The model accuracy was further improved by considering the number of axles and fitted Gaussian distribution of axle load spectra in the performance model. The derived SVR models were further used to investigate the impact of overweight truck on pavement life reduction considering characteristics of axle load distributions. The proposed pavement performance model can be further used in determining pavement damage caused by overweight trucks for pavement rehabilitation strategy and fee analysis is permitted.

ACS Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang; Pan Lu. Impact analysis of traffic loading on pavement performance using support vector regression model. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Jingnan Zhao, Hao Wang, Pan Lu. Impact analysis of traffic loading on pavement performance using support vector regression model. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang; Pan Lu. 2021. "Impact analysis of traffic loading on pavement performance using support vector regression model." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 19 April 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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This study aims to evaluate the field performance of the piezoelectric-based energy harvesting pavement system (PZ-EHPS) under moving traffic loads by multi-physics modelling. Finite element models (FEMs) with multiple physical interfaces were built with the close circuit system. The laboratory scale of FEM was analysed to validate the voltage output as compared to the measurements in laboratory tests. To enhance the computational efficiency of large-scale simulation, a homogenisation approach was developed to convert the piezoelectric composite layer to the homogeneous layer with equivalent mechanical and electric properties. The variations of power output patterns from the PZ-EHPS, with different geometric designs under different traffic loading levels and temperature conditions, were studied. The results show that the width of the PZ-EHPS shall match the wheel path to generate electricity and avoid energy consumption in the area uncovered by traffic loading, during the electricity transmission. The power output of the PZ-EHPS shows an exponential relationship with the increase of load magnitude from vehicles. Future studies are needed to achieve the full utilisation of each function layer for building smart pavement with multiple functions.

ACS Style

Lukai Guo; Hao Wang; Laura Soares; Qing Lu; Lelio Brito. Multi-physics modelling of piezoelectric pavement system for energy harvesting under traffic loading. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Lukai Guo, Hao Wang, Laura Soares, Qing Lu, Lelio Brito. Multi-physics modelling of piezoelectric pavement system for energy harvesting under traffic loading. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukai Guo; Hao Wang; Laura Soares; Qing Lu; Lelio Brito. 2021. "Multi-physics modelling of piezoelectric pavement system for energy harvesting under traffic loading." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-15.

Research article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Road Materials and Pavement Design
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The new generation of wide-base tyres shows sustainable benefits in trucking operations and environmental impacts due to less rolling resistance at tyre–pavement interface. It is critical to estimate the influence on pavement response and performance. The objective of this study is to analyse dynamic responses of flexible pavements induced by wide-base tyres using an integrated vehicle-tyre–pavement interaction approach. The impulse response method was used to calculate critical pavement responses under moving loads with random amplitudes estimated using a full-truck model. The impact of wide-base tyre was evaluated through the ratio of critical pavement responses between wide-base tyre and dual-tyre assembly. The analysis results suggest that the prediction of long-term pavement performance under the impact of wide-base tyre needs consider the evolution of pavement surface condition and different failure mechanisms. The study findings emphasise the importance of considering vehicle-tyre–pavement interaction in analysing dynamic pavement responses.

ACS Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang. Dynamic pavement response analysis under wide-base tyre considering vehicle-tyre–pavement interaction. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Jingnan Zhao, Hao Wang. Dynamic pavement response analysis under wide-base tyre considering vehicle-tyre–pavement interaction. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang. 2021. "Dynamic pavement response analysis under wide-base tyre considering vehicle-tyre–pavement interaction." Road Materials and Pavement Design , no. : 1-17.

Research article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Road Materials and Pavement Design
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This study evaluated the effects of aging and moisture on the adhesion properties of asphalt-aggregate interfaces. The work of adhesion obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests were compared. The adhesive forces of asphalt before and after immersing in water were obtained by the peak force tapping quantitative nanomechanical (PFT-QNM) mode of AFM tests. Results showed that the average size of bee structures became larger after aging. The adhesive forces of the para-phase were the highest. A strong correlation was found between the adhesion properties obtained from MD simulations and AFM tests. The increase in asphaltene index could improve the adhesion, whereas the changes in molecular structures due to oxidative aging would weaken it. The balance of changes in them determined the overall adhesion properties. After immersing in water, the adhesion properties of aged asphalt were more susceptible to moisture damage.

ACS Style

Bingyan Cui; Xingyu Gu; Hao Wang; Dongliang Hu. Numerical and experimental evaluation of adhesion properties of asphalt-aggregate interfaces using molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Bingyan Cui, Xingyu Gu, Hao Wang, Dongliang Hu. Numerical and experimental evaluation of adhesion properties of asphalt-aggregate interfaces using molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingyan Cui; Xingyu Gu; Hao Wang; Dongliang Hu. 2021. "Numerical and experimental evaluation of adhesion properties of asphalt-aggregate interfaces using molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy." Road Materials and Pavement Design , no. : 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Pavements in roadway and parking lots occupy large urban areas and contribute to the development of urban heat island (UHI). Photovoltaic (PV) pavement can use PV panels on conventional asphalt concrete (AC) pavement to harvest solar energy at light traffic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of PV pavement to mitigate UHI effect. First, the heat transfer models for AC and PV pavements were developed. The pavement surface temperature and heat output from pavement surface to near-surface environment were then calculated that were used as the indicator of pavement contribution to UHI effect. A parametric study was conducted to analyze the influences of front glass and wind speed on thermal performance of PV pavement. Varying the thickness and transmittance of front glass have shown noticeable influences on pavement temperature, while the change of heat output is limited. Although the increase of average wind speed results in lower pavement temperatures, the heat output experiences slightly increase. The comparison of PV pavement and conventional AC pavement shows that PV pavement can decrease surface temperature by 3–5 °C in summer and generate 11–12% less heat output at various climate conditions.

ACS Style

Pengyu Xie; Hao Wang. Potential benefit of photovoltaic pavement for mitigation of urban heat island effect. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 191, 116883 .

AMA Style

Pengyu Xie, Hao Wang. Potential benefit of photovoltaic pavement for mitigation of urban heat island effect. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 191 ():116883.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pengyu Xie; Hao Wang. 2021. "Potential benefit of photovoltaic pavement for mitigation of urban heat island effect." Applied Thermal Engineering 191, no. : 116883.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Vehicle-pavement interaction causes dynamic loads and accelerate pavement deterioration. The study provides a methodology to consider dynamic loads in mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design and analysis. The dynamic load coefficients were found increasing as pavement roughness increased or axle loads decreased. The impulse response method was adopted to calculate tensile strains of asphalt layer under random loads. The relative ratios of fatigue life due to dynamic loads were calculated and fitted as a function of axle type, load magnitude, and international roughness index (IRI). The accumulative fatigue damage ratio between dynamic and static loads was proposed for M-E pavement analysis.

ACS Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang. Mechanistic-empirical analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue cracking under vehicular dynamic loads. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 284, 122877 .

AMA Style

Jingnan Zhao, Hao Wang. Mechanistic-empirical analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue cracking under vehicular dynamic loads. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 284 ():122877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingnan Zhao; Hao Wang. 2021. "Mechanistic-empirical analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue cracking under vehicular dynamic loads." Construction and Building Materials 284, no. : 122877.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Improving drivers’ visibility in night time conditions are vital. Within such context, the use of self-luminescent cement-based composite materials (SLCCM) could represent an enhancement with regard to road safety. In this study, the influence of hydration and distribution of luminescent powder (LP) on the mechanical properties and brightness of SLCCM were analyzed by mechanical properties, XRD, heat of hydration and fluorescence microscopy (FM) tests, and the mechanism of brightness decay was summarized. Based on this, the initial brightness and afterglow properties of SLCCM, as well as the chemical stability were studied. The results indicate that the mechanical strengths of the SLCCM specimens firstly increase and then decrease with the increasing of LP content. Meanwhile, the SrAl2O4 reacted with calcium hydroxide to produce abundant C-S-H when the content of LP was low, which was covered on the LP surface, thus limiting the effective luminous area. However, when the LP content was too high, LP would be hydrated first, SrAl2O4 can be hydrolyzed to form SrAl4O7. With the increase in curing age, part of the hydration product Sr(OH)2 formed SrCO3 due to the effect of CO2, while the hydrolytic equilibrium between LP and cement could be reached with medium LP content. The efficient economical illumination time for SLCCM having higher initial brightness after irradiation are 30 min, while the lighting 60 min can reach 96.67% of the maximum initial brightness, and the optimal LP content range is 20–25 wt%. Results of road self-illumination materials will further promote the paving of self-luminous pavement, which contribute to reduce power consumption and improve the safety of road traffic.

ACS Style

Wentong Wang; Aimin Sha; Zhen Lu; Dongdong Yuan; Wei Jiang; Zhuangzhuang Liu. Cement filled with phosphorescent materials for pavement: Afterglow decay mechanism and properties. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 284, 122798 .

AMA Style

Wentong Wang, Aimin Sha, Zhen Lu, Dongdong Yuan, Wei Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Liu. Cement filled with phosphorescent materials for pavement: Afterglow decay mechanism and properties. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 284 ():122798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wentong Wang; Aimin Sha; Zhen Lu; Dongdong Yuan; Wei Jiang; Zhuangzhuang Liu. 2021. "Cement filled with phosphorescent materials for pavement: Afterglow decay mechanism and properties." Construction and Building Materials 284, no. : 122798.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Coatings
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composite overwrap repair systems have been introduced and accepted as an alternative repair system for steel pipeline. This paper aimed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of damaged steel pipeline with CFRP repair using finite element (FE) analysis. Two different repair strategies, namely wrap repair and patch repair, were considered. The mechanical responses of pipeline with the composite repair system under the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) was analyzed using the validated FE models. The design parameters of the CFRP repair system were analyzed, including patch/wrap size and thickness, defect size, interface bonding, and the material properties of the infill material. The results show that both the stress in the pipe wall and CFRP could be reduced by using a thicker CFRP. With the increase in patch size in the hoop direction, the maximum von Mises stress in the pipe wall generally decreased as the maximum hoop stress in the CFRP increased. The reinforcement of the CFRP repair system could be enhanced by using infill material with a higher elastic modulus. The CFRP patch tended to cause higher interface shear stress than CFRP wrap, but the shear stress could be reduced by using a thicker CFRP. Compared with the fully bonded condition, the frictional interface causes a decrease in hoop stress in the CFRP but an increase in von Mises stress in the steel. The study results indicate the feasibility of composite repair for damaged steel pipeline.

ACS Style

Jiaqi Chen; Hao Wang; Milad Salemi; Perumalsamy Balaguru. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Repair for Damaged Steel Pipeline. Coatings 2021, 11, 301 .

AMA Style

Jiaqi Chen, Hao Wang, Milad Salemi, Perumalsamy Balaguru. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Repair for Damaged Steel Pipeline. Coatings. 2021; 11 (3):301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaqi Chen; Hao Wang; Milad Salemi; Perumalsamy Balaguru. 2021. "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Repair for Damaged Steel Pipeline." Coatings 11, no. 3: 301.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and contraction (CTC) are critical parameters for pavement design and thermal analysis. This paper develops a 3-D microstructure-based FE model to evaluate the CTE and CTC of asphalt concrete. The 3-D random microstructure of asphalt concrete was generated with an image-aided algorithm. In the presented algorithm, the random 3-D geometry of a single aggregate was generated with a single 2-D image captured by Aggregate Image System 2 (AIMS2). The randomly generated 3-D aggregates were packaged with PFC 3D to construct the 3-D microstructure for asphalt concrete with prescribed gradation. Then the 3-D microstructure of asphalt concrete was imported into FE software ABAQUS to calculate the CTE and CTC. To validate the results from the numerical simulation, a laboratory experiment was conducted to test the CTE/CTC of the asphalt concrete with the same material composition. With the validated FE model, the effect of aggregate type, shape, and spatial orientation on the CTE/CTE was analyzed. Results show that the relative differences between the average values of numerical and experimental data were 1.63%∼4.64% for the CTE, and 3.01%∼7.20% for the CTC. With the increase of temperature, the CTE first decreased and then increased, while the CTC first increased and then decreased. Compared with the 3-D microstructure-based model, both the 2-D plain stress and plain strain models tended to overestimate the CTE of asphalt concrete. When the aggregate orientation tended to be inclined to a certain direction, the CTC and CTE of the asphalt concrete parallel to that direction tended to be smaller. Asphalt concrete prepared with quartz gravels and sand stones tended to have higher CTC and CTE. While the CTC and CTE of asphalt concrete could be reduced by using limestones.

ACS Style

Jiaqi Chen; Lanchun Zhang; Yinfei Du; Hao Wang; Hancheng Dan. Three-dimensional microstructure based model for evaluating the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of asphalt concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 284, 122764 .

AMA Style

Jiaqi Chen, Lanchun Zhang, Yinfei Du, Hao Wang, Hancheng Dan. Three-dimensional microstructure based model for evaluating the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of asphalt concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 284 ():122764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaqi Chen; Lanchun Zhang; Yinfei Du; Hao Wang; Hancheng Dan. 2021. "Three-dimensional microstructure based model for evaluating the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of asphalt concrete." Construction and Building Materials 284, no. : 122764.

Research article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Road Materials and Pavement Design
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Semi-analytical finite element method has great advantages in computational efficiency compared with three-dimensional, because it only requires a two-dimensional mesh in the cross-section by incorporating the Fourier series along the third dimension. This study utilised the method to analyse pavement responses induced by moving vehicles. Combined with the structural property of pavement, the method is improved in terms of meshing and boundary conditions based on existing research. Using the Fourier series to represent loading functions along the driving direction, the load motion can be expressed as the translation of trigonometric functions. Spring element is applied at bottom to simulate the soil support, and viscous element is applied at vertical boundary to control the interference of reflected wave. The whole algorithm was realised by MATLAB programming. This algorithm was first used to analyse a layered structure under a rectangular load. Its accuracy and efficiency were verified by comparing it with a three-dimensional finite element model in ABAQUS. Then this algorithm was utilised to simulate a test road under a moving truck. The material assembly used the parameters calibrated by several nondestructive tests. Analysis results were compared with the field monitor of sensors for verification. This study also has some reference value about applying semi-analytical finite element method in pavement engineering.

ACS Style

Kairen Shen; Hanyu Zhang; Jusheng Tong; Hao Wang; Xianhua Chen. Dynamic elastic analysis of flexible pavements under moving vehicles: a semi-analytical finite element treatment. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Kairen Shen, Hanyu Zhang, Jusheng Tong, Hao Wang, Xianhua Chen. Dynamic elastic analysis of flexible pavements under moving vehicles: a semi-analytical finite element treatment. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kairen Shen; Hanyu Zhang; Jusheng Tong; Hao Wang; Xianhua Chen. 2021. "Dynamic elastic analysis of flexible pavements under moving vehicles: a semi-analytical finite element treatment." Road Materials and Pavement Design , no. : 1-11.

Research article
Published: 03 February 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Analyzing dynamic viscoelastic responses induced by moving loads is a significant issue for pavement design and performance evaluation. Developing three-dimensional FE models in commercial software is an effective method, but the time-consuming disadvantage prevents it from extensive engineering applications. In this paper, an improved semi-analytical FE model was proposed to overcome this drawback. Besides, modified artificial boundaries were applied to minimise the interference of reflected waves generated by model edges. Further, a program named SAPAVE has been developed in MATLAB to achieve the modeling procedure, of which accuracy and efficiency were verified by comparing with the three-dimensional FE model in ABAQUS. The computing cost of SAPAVE was only one-sixth of ABAQUS, while SAPAVE can roughly achieve the function of ABAQUS for simple pavement modeling. The response considering the asphalt layer as viscoelastic was quite different from the linear elastic in the comparative study. The viscoelastic analysis seems to be closer to the field situation. Besides, the impact of vehicle speed was studied to examine the application ability of SAPAVE, and the results were generally consistent with existing researches. Overall, this study indicates that SAPAVE is an efficient and accurate tool for mechanical analysis of asphalt pavement.

ACS Style

Kairen Shen; Hao Wang; Hanyu Zhang; Jusheng Tong; Xianhua Chen. SAPAVE: an improved semi-analytical FE program for dynamic viscoelastic analysis of asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Kairen Shen, Hao Wang, Hanyu Zhang, Jusheng Tong, Xianhua Chen. SAPAVE: an improved semi-analytical FE program for dynamic viscoelastic analysis of asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kairen Shen; Hao Wang; Hanyu Zhang; Jusheng Tong; Xianhua Chen. 2021. "SAPAVE: an improved semi-analytical FE program for dynamic viscoelastic analysis of asphalt pavement." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Materials
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Durability is one important problem that pavement engineers need to address in pavement’s long service life. Furthermore, easily recycled pavement materials, and safe and efficient pavement construction are also important areas for development in road engineering. For these reasons, a new asphalt steel plastic (ASP) pavement structure was proposed with an asphalt mixture forming the surface layer, and steel plate and plastic materials functioning as the main load-bearing layers. Based on a comprehensive performance review and cost-benefit analysis, stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is recommended to be used as the surface layer; and A656 steel plate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic materials should be the main load-bearing layer, on top of a foundation layer made with graded crushed stones. A glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) insulation layer is recommended for use between the steel plate and ABS. Mechanical properties of the ASP pavement were analyzed using the finite element method. Laboratory tests were conducted to verify the thermal insulation performance of GFRP, the high-temperature stability and the fatigue resistance of ASP pavement. Results show that some of the mechanical properties of ASP pavement (with a structure of 80 mm SMA asphalt mixture, 8 mm steel plate, 140 mm ABS and 200 mm crushed stones) are comparable with conventional long-life pavement (with 350 mm asphalt layer overlaying 400 mm graded crushed stones). Dynamic stability of the ASP slab specimens can reach 10,000 times/mm, and the fatigue life is about twice that of SMA. Besides, the ASP pavement can be prefabricated and assembled on-site, and thus can greatly improve construction efficiency. From the lifecycle perspective, ASP pavement has many advantages over traditional pavements, such as durability, lower environmental footprint and recyclability, making it is worth further research.

ACS Style

Wei Jiang; Dongdong Yuan; Aimin Sha; Yue Huang; Jinhuan Shan; Pengfei Li. Design of a Novel Road Pavement Using Steel and Plastics to Enhance Performance, Durability and Construction Efficiency. Materials 2021, 14, 482 .

AMA Style

Wei Jiang, Dongdong Yuan, Aimin Sha, Yue Huang, Jinhuan Shan, Pengfei Li. Design of a Novel Road Pavement Using Steel and Plastics to Enhance Performance, Durability and Construction Efficiency. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Jiang; Dongdong Yuan; Aimin Sha; Yue Huang; Jinhuan Shan; Pengfei Li. 2021. "Design of a Novel Road Pavement Using Steel and Plastics to Enhance Performance, Durability and Construction Efficiency." Materials 14, no. 3: 482.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2021 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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This study aims to quantify life-cycle carbon footprint of asphalt pavement due to warming temperatures under climate change scenario. Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) Design Method was used to simulate long-term pavement performance with historic and projected temperature inputs. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to calculate CO2 emissions in pavement life cycle including phases of raw materials, plant production, transportation, field construction, traffic delay, and use. In particular, time-dependency of CO2 emission was considered with physical decay to increase the accuracy in estimating cumulative radiative forcing. It was found that warming temperatures would lead to faster structural deterioration of pavement, resulting in earlier or more frequent overlay treatments. Pavement rehabilitation treatments generate more CO2 emission in material and construction related stages but cause the reduction of CO2 emission in pavement use phase. The LCA results show that climate change causes greater CO2 emission abundance over the years during the study period.

ACS Style

Xiaodan Chen; Hao Wang; Radley Horton; Josh DeFlorio. Life-cycle assessment of climate change impact on time-dependent carbon-footprint of asphalt pavement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2021, 91, 102697 .

AMA Style

Xiaodan Chen, Hao Wang, Radley Horton, Josh DeFlorio. Life-cycle assessment of climate change impact on time-dependent carbon-footprint of asphalt pavement. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2021; 91 ():102697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaodan Chen; Hao Wang; Radley Horton; Josh DeFlorio. 2021. "Life-cycle assessment of climate change impact on time-dependent carbon-footprint of asphalt pavement." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 91, no. : 102697.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a latent heat storage material that has potential to regulate the thermal environment within the asphalt pavement via phase-transition process. However, the properties of PEG vary in terms of its average molecular weight. The PEG selection principle is put forward in this study, which is to not only realize satisfactory cooling function but also minimize the adverse effects on asphalt properties. For illustration, the phase change behaviors and thermal stability of PEG were first studied. It is demonstrated that the PEG samples with its average molecular weight within 2000 ~ 20000 (PEG-2 K ~ 20 K) are characterized by suitable phase change temperatures of 41.27 ~ 62.39 °C, fairly great latent heats of 184.8 ~ 211.9 J·g−1 and excellent thermal stability below 300 °C. The larger molecular weight generally corresponds to the higher phase change temperatures, whereas the greatest latent heats occur at PEG-8 K. Despite that, there are marginal differences among the phase change properties of PEG-4 K ~ 8 K. To further select the ideal PEG, tests for asphalt properties were conducted. Results show that based on the negative role of PEG in the high- and low-temperature properties, temperature and stress sensitivities of asphalt binder, it is necessary to encapsulate PEG before use. Therefore, these detrimental roles are required to be considered when selection of PEG. In terms of our selection principle proposed, PEG with a large average molecular weight is usually preferred except PEG-20 K.

ACS Style

Meng Jia; Aimin Sha; Wei Jiang; Wentong Wang; Jiange Li; Jiasheng Dai; Zhen Lu. Laboratory evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol) for cooling of asphalt pavements. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 273, 121774 .

AMA Style

Meng Jia, Aimin Sha, Wei Jiang, Wentong Wang, Jiange Li, Jiasheng Dai, Zhen Lu. Laboratory evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol) for cooling of asphalt pavements. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 273 ():121774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng Jia; Aimin Sha; Wei Jiang; Wentong Wang; Jiange Li; Jiasheng Dai; Zhen Lu. 2020. "Laboratory evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol) for cooling of asphalt pavements." Construction and Building Materials 273, no. : 121774.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

ACS Style

Sishen Wang; Hao Wang; Pengyu Xie; Xiaodan Chen. Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit. Sustainability 2020, 13, 158 .

AMA Style

Sishen Wang, Hao Wang, Pengyu Xie, Xiaodan Chen. Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sishen Wang; Hao Wang; Pengyu Xie; Xiaodan Chen. 2020. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 158.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Self-luminescent cement-based composite materials (SLCCM) have been considered as an innovatively functional civil engineering material for environmental protection pavement and smart pavement. In this study, luminescent cement-based composite materials (LCCM) were prepared by doping luminescent powder (LP) and reflective powder (RP) into cement-based materials. The mechanical properties and luminous properties, as well as the luminescence mechanism, were evaluated. The results indicate that the incensement of RP mesh improved the mechanical strength of the LCCM specimen, while the mechanical strengths, brightness and afterglow time of the LCCM first increase and then decrease with an increase in the mesh of the LP. The LP and RP reacted with cement hydration products to produce abundant C-S-H. However, when the particle size was too small, SrAl2O4 could hydrolyzes to produce SrAl4O7, furthermore, a large amount of aluminum ions in the LP are free, which accelerates the hydration reaction of Ca(OH)2 to produce C-S-H and AFt crystals. The self-hydration of LP and the coverage of hydration products make the luminescent properties of LCCM with fine particles decrease, while the coarse particles have the lowest luminescent properties due to the limited effective luminescent area in cement. The optimum excitation spectrum of the LCCM is found in the range between 350 and 450 nm, and the emission spectrum is yellowish–green with a peak value of 510–520 nm. The comprehensive evaluation results of LCCM show great feasibility of its utilization in road pavement, which is help to save energy, reduce ecological light pollution and improve the safety of road traffic in low lighting environment.

ACS Style

Wentong Wang; Aimin Sha; Zhen Lu; Meng Jia; Wei Jiang; Zhuangzhuang Liu; Dongdong Yuan. Self-luminescent cement-based composite materials: properties and mechanisms. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 269, 121267 .

AMA Style

Wentong Wang, Aimin Sha, Zhen Lu, Meng Jia, Wei Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Dongdong Yuan. Self-luminescent cement-based composite materials: properties and mechanisms. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 269 ():121267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wentong Wang; Aimin Sha; Zhen Lu; Meng Jia; Wei Jiang; Zhuangzhuang Liu; Dongdong Yuan. 2020. "Self-luminescent cement-based composite materials: properties and mechanisms." Construction and Building Materials 269, no. : 121267.

Original research article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Frontiers in Materials
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The current evaluation method cannot predict accurately the hydrolysis resistance of sealants applied in ballastless slab track. And the degradation mechanism of sealant in hydrolysis condition has not been researched systemically. In this paper, the hydrolysis resistance of different sealants was researched with the aid of the self-developed direct tensile test method. The atomic force microscope was employed to analyze the micro-adhesion force on the surface of sealants, and thereby the correlation between macro-behavior and the micro-mechanism of sealants during hydrolysis was established. Results showed that the characteristics of the interface between sealants and substrates are reduced after hydrolysis, and that sealants with higher soft-segment content have good resistance to hydrolysis. Reduction of the bonding area after hydrolysis is also an important factor in the reduction of the characteristics of the adhesive interface. The micro-adhesion force of soft segments shows a fluctuating reduction tendency, and that of hard segments reduces more significantly during hydrolysis. The micro-adhesion force has good correlation with the maximum tensile force, but a poor correlation with failure displacement. The maximum tensile force is proved to be an optimal evaluation index in determining the hydrolysis resistance of sealants.

ACS Style

Hengxiao Xue; Yiqiu Tan; Aimin Sha. Adhesive Characteristic and Mechanism of Ballastless Track Sealant in Hydrolysis Condition. Frontiers in Materials 2020, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Hengxiao Xue, Yiqiu Tan, Aimin Sha. Adhesive Characteristic and Mechanism of Ballastless Track Sealant in Hydrolysis Condition. Frontiers in Materials. 2020; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hengxiao Xue; Yiqiu Tan; Aimin Sha. 2020. "Adhesive Characteristic and Mechanism of Ballastless Track Sealant in Hydrolysis Condition." Frontiers in Materials 7, no. : 1.