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Given the growing awareness of sustainable development, the environmental protection industry has attracted much attention. Green finance has developed rapidly in policymaking and practices. This study provides a framework for evaluating green finance via linkage analysis based on input–output theory. Measurements on industrial linkages are calculated in China in two provinces from 2002 to 2018, which study the relationship between finance and environmental protection sectors. The results show that the environmental protection sector (EPS) in China has gradually developed from a sector with weak backward and strong forward linkages to a sector with strong backward and weak forward linkages from 2002 to 2015; however, in 2017 and 2018, the EPS returned to a sector with weak backward and strong forward linkages. At the provincial level, the EPS used to be a key sector with strong backward and forward linkages. The connection between the finance sector and the EPS rose first, then declined in the country and the Zhejiang province; Guangdong had a similar evolution in the former period, but it had a rising trend in the latest year. The findings provide insights for further promoting the support from the finance sector to the environmental protection activities.
Libo Li; Wenbing Wu; Mingyu Zhang; Lu Lin. Linkage Analysis between Finance and Environmental Protection Sectors in China: An Approach to Evaluating Green Finance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2634 .
AMA StyleLibo Li, Wenbing Wu, Mingyu Zhang, Lu Lin. Linkage Analysis between Finance and Environmental Protection Sectors in China: An Approach to Evaluating Green Finance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLibo Li; Wenbing Wu; Mingyu Zhang; Lu Lin. 2021. "Linkage Analysis between Finance and Environmental Protection Sectors in China: An Approach to Evaluating Green Finance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2634.
As the largest holder of shale gas resource estimates, China is actively promoting its shale gas development to steer its transitions to a low carbon energy system. The production of shale gas usually needs a large amount of water. According to our estimates, the direct water consumption is about 9700–37600m3/well, and the indirect water consumption is around 32,400–71,100 m3/well. Such a large amount of water consumption could have a serious impact on local human and ecosystem water consumption since China is a country with scarce and unevenly distributed water resources. Water scarcity footprint (WSF) of shale gas production in Chinese provinces is assessed to understand the impacts of shale gas production on local water consumption for other sectors. The results show that the average water pressure for shale gas production in China is higher compared with that of the U.S.. The average WSF in China is 16,574 m3 world. eq/106m3 gas while the WSF in the Barnett shale region in the U.S. is only around 2000 m3 world. eq/106m3 gas. 13 of 31 provinces have even higher WSF than the national average, in which the amount of shale gas resources accounts for about 20% of China's total. Shale gas exploitation in these 13 provinces might not be suitable or must be cautious from the perspective of WSF. The remaining 18 provinces have lower WSFs than the national average. A sustainable way for extracting shale gas in these 18 provinces needs to comprehensively consider WSF, the scale and speed of exploitation and the amount of local shale gas recoverable reserves.
Rui Liu; Jianliang Wang; Lu Lin. Water scarcity footprint assessment for China's shale gas development. The Extractive Industries and Society 2021, 8, 100892 .
AMA StyleRui Liu, Jianliang Wang, Lu Lin. Water scarcity footprint assessment for China's shale gas development. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2021; 8 (2):100892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Liu; Jianliang Wang; Lu Lin. 2021. "Water scarcity footprint assessment for China's shale gas development." The Extractive Industries and Society 8, no. 2: 100892.
China has suffered from severe crop residue burning (CRB) for a long time. As a type of biomass burning, CRB leads to a huge alteration in climate due to the emission of greenhouse gases and particulates in the atmosphere and damages to surface characteristics on land. At present, a growing body of research focuses on the impact of biomass burning (BB) (e.g., forest fire, grass fire, and CRB) on climate change from the aspect of atmospheric process. Meanwhile, a small number of research studies have started to pay attention on the damage caused by BB (e.g. forest fire) on land surface and consequent changes in the land surface temperature (LST). However, at present there is no study concerning the effect of CRB on the surface temperature. Considering its large incidence, highly seasonal concentration, and large spatial scale in China, this study attempted to reveal the impact of CRB on LST. Specifically, we identified the influence of CRB on the LST in surrounding areas based on MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire product and MODIS LST product during the CRB season for three provinces of China: Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Guangxi from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between daily CRB spots and daily LST (R between 0.30 and 0.61) in Heilongjiang (20,184–24,902 spots of CRB from 2015 to 2017). On the other hand, in Hebei and Guangxi provinces, where the total CRB number was less (2,367–2,754 spots of CRB from 2015 to 2017 in Hebei, and 701 to 653 spots of CRB from 2015 to 2017 in Guangxi), even if R was only 0.36–0.53 and 0.11–0.53, respectively, the peaks of CRB spots and peaks of daily LST were highly matched. Furthermore, the spatial analysis showed that LST on agricultural land in 10–15 km distance from the center of CRB was higher (1–3 °C) than that in other regions in Heilongjiang province. On the other hand, the influence scale of CRB in Hebei and Guangxi was only 2–4 km with a ∼2 °C increase on LST. Finally, according to the typical case analysis, it was found that the influence of CRB on LST existed for 1–3 days and did not disappear immediately. The study proved the impact of CRB on LST in surrounding areas, and favors action on climate change relief through CRB control.
Wenting Zhang; Mengmeng Yu; Qingqing He; Tianwei Wang; Lu Lin; Kai Cao; Wei Huang; Peihong Fu; Jiaxin Chen. The spatial and temporal impact of agricultural crop residual burning on local land surface temperature in three provinces across China from 2015 to 2017. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 275, 124057 .
AMA StyleWenting Zhang, Mengmeng Yu, Qingqing He, Tianwei Wang, Lu Lin, Kai Cao, Wei Huang, Peihong Fu, Jiaxin Chen. The spatial and temporal impact of agricultural crop residual burning on local land surface temperature in three provinces across China from 2015 to 2017. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 275 ():124057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenting Zhang; Mengmeng Yu; Qingqing He; Tianwei Wang; Lu Lin; Kai Cao; Wei Huang; Peihong Fu; Jiaxin Chen. 2020. "The spatial and temporal impact of agricultural crop residual burning on local land surface temperature in three provinces across China from 2015 to 2017." Journal of Cleaner Production 275, no. : 124057.
The energy industry in China is responsible for the largest water withdrawal and consumption in the secondary industry. In addition to the large quantities, another important feature of energy-water use in China is a critical spatial mismatch between water consumption and water availability. We used a multiregional input-output model to investigate virtual water of the energy industry in the Chinese provinces, and to determine virtual water flows embedded in energy-related trade among the provinces. The domestic interprovincial trade of energy in China has caused virtual water being used outside of the energy production province, including 8.6% of the virtual water withdrawal and 15.6% of the virtual water consumption. The results demonstrate there are a general north-to-south flow and a west-to-east flow of virtual energy-water within China. This flowing pattern indicates the energy consumption in the more-developed provinces, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, are supported by water use from the less-developed provinces where water scarcity is severe. Particularly, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia are two major exporters of virtual energy-water because more than half of the water resources in these two provinces outflow mainly to the north region, imposing huge pressure on the scarce domestic water resources in these two provinces. This study has proved the great importance of and also provided an approach to integrating water-energy nexus into energy industry planning and management in China.
Lu Lin; Yongqin David Chen; Dong Hua; Yi Liu; Mengyao Yan. Provincial virtual energy-water use and its flows within China: A multiregional input-output approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 151, 104486 .
AMA StyleLu Lin, Yongqin David Chen, Dong Hua, Yi Liu, Mengyao Yan. Provincial virtual energy-water use and its flows within China: A multiregional input-output approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 151 ():104486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Lin; Yongqin David Chen; Dong Hua; Yi Liu; Mengyao Yan. 2019. "Provincial virtual energy-water use and its flows within China: A multiregional input-output approach." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 151, no. : 104486.
The water use associated with electricity generation and consumption has been the focus of research for decades. This study provides an overview of the water–electricity nexus from the perspectives of electricity production and consumption. In terms of production, the electricity generation and associated water use for various regions are summarized and compared. The spatial mismatch between water resource and electricity generation is highlighted and analyzed. It is estimated that the water use will be a vital constraint for future electricity generation in some regions. The technological water saving potential is evaluated to address this issue. In terms of consumption, space cooling/heating and water heating are identified as the most significant nexus-related coupled nodes at the household end-use level. Gaps in the theoretical nexus concept and practical policymaking are summarized herein. Existing policies in the US and Europe related to the water–electricity nexus are also reviewed. This study highlights that the generation and cooling technologies greatly influence the water consumption and withdrawal for electricity generation; tremendous spatial disparities of local water resources and electricity generation exist; residential behavior and household appliances have an impact on the household water–electricity nexus; and comprehensive management of the couplings between water and energy is lacking and urgently required.
Chunyan Wang; Lu Lin; Gustaf Olsson; Yi Liu; Ming Xu. The scope and understanding of the water–electricity nexus. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 150, 104453 .
AMA StyleChunyan Wang, Lu Lin, Gustaf Olsson, Yi Liu, Ming Xu. The scope and understanding of the water–electricity nexus. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 150 ():104453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunyan Wang; Lu Lin; Gustaf Olsson; Yi Liu; Ming Xu. 2019. "The scope and understanding of the water–electricity nexus." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 150, no. : 104453.
The river chief system (RCS) has been innovatively implemented in Wuxi, China since 2007 for the eutrophication control of Tai Lake. In 2016, RCS was eventually promoted throughout China to reinforce river and lake protection. The success of this new river management system is generally attributed to collaboration, accountability, and differentiation effects. This research takes Foshan in the Pearl River Delta region as a case study to examine the feasibility and weaknesses in the implementation of the RCS. Prior to the formal adoption of RCS, a coordinating organization for river improvement undertaking was established in Foshan to overcome fragmentation in water management. Compared with this practice, the new RCS can strengthen the collaboration of administrative authorities and establish a considerably sophisticated and effective management structure. Emphasis on evaluation and accountability mechanisms guarantees that management goals can be achieved. However, similar to the previous one, the new system remains a temporary management practice and its outcomes depend partially on the commitment and capability of each river chief. The imperfect evaluation and accountability mechanism also weaken its long-term effectiveness in improving river water quality. Therefore, some corresponding policy instruments are needed to ensure that RCS can be implemented smoothly.
Hui Liu; Yongqin David Chen; Tao Liu; Lu Lin. The River Chief System and River Pollution Control in China: A Case Study of Foshan. Water 2019, 11, 1606 .
AMA StyleHui Liu, Yongqin David Chen, Tao Liu, Lu Lin. The River Chief System and River Pollution Control in China: A Case Study of Foshan. Water. 2019; 11 (8):1606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Liu; Yongqin David Chen; Tao Liu; Lu Lin. 2019. "The River Chief System and River Pollution Control in China: A Case Study of Foshan." Water 11, no. 8: 1606.
Green Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an important indicator to reflect the trade-off between the ecosystem and economic system. Substantial research has mapped historical green GDP spatially. But few studies have concerned future variations of green GDP. In this study, we have calculated and mapped the spatial distribution of the green GDP by summing the ecosystem service value (ESV) and GDP for China from 1990 to 2015. The pattern of land use change simulated by a CA-Markov model was used in the process of ESV prediction (with an average accuracy of 86%). On the other hand, based on the increasing trend of GDP during the period of 1990 to 2015, a regression model was built up to present time-series increases in GDP at prefecture-level cities, having an average value of R square (R2) of approximately 0.85 and significance level less than 0.05. The results indicated that (1) from 1990 to 2015, green GDP was increased, with a huge growth rate of 78%. Specifically, the ESV value was decreased slightly, while the GDP value was increased substantially. (2) Forecasted green GDP would increase by 194978.29 billion yuan in 2050. Specifically, the future ESV will decline, while the rapidly increased GDP leads to the final increase in future green GDP. (3) According to our results, the spatial differences in green GDP for regions became more significant from 1990 to 2050.
Yuhan Yu; Mengmeng Yu; Lu Lin; Jiaxin Chen; Dongjie Li; Wenting Zhang; Kai Cao. National Green GDP Assessment and Prediction for China Based on a CA-Markov Land Use Simulation Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 576 .
AMA StyleYuhan Yu, Mengmeng Yu, Lu Lin, Jiaxin Chen, Dongjie Li, Wenting Zhang, Kai Cao. National Green GDP Assessment and Prediction for China Based on a CA-Markov Land Use Simulation Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuhan Yu; Mengmeng Yu; Lu Lin; Jiaxin Chen; Dongjie Li; Wenting Zhang; Kai Cao. 2019. "National Green GDP Assessment and Prediction for China Based on a CA-Markov Land Use Simulation Model." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 576.
Urban green vegetation provides amenity value for urban residents and improves the living environment. These changes in value can be reflected in the variation of house prices. This paper uses a unique housing transaction data set to estimate the impact of urban green vegetation on house values in Beijing, China, using the hedonic price model. To measure urban green vegetation, we calculated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) by time-series Landsat TM 8 remote-sensing imagery. For model specification, we applied spatial lag models to address spatial spillover effects that might lead to biased estimates if ignored. Spatial hedonic results indicate that urban green vegetation has a positive effect on residential housing prices when the measurement scale of NDVI value is smaller than or equal to 18.01 acres for each block of flats, whereas greater NDVI values generate a negative effect on property values if the scale is larger. This implies that urban green vegetation within 135 m could increase house prices in the range of 7.95–10.59%, which indicates a potential 20.2–26.9 billion yuan increase in the value of the sample real estate market in Beijing.
Yingdan Mei; Xiaoli Zhao; Lu Lin; Li Gao. Capitalization of Urban Green Vegetation in a Housing Market with Poor Environmental Quality: Evidence from Beijing. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 2018, 144, 05018011 .
AMA StyleYingdan Mei, Xiaoli Zhao, Lu Lin, Li Gao. Capitalization of Urban Green Vegetation in a Housing Market with Poor Environmental Quality: Evidence from Beijing. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 2018; 144 (3):05018011.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingdan Mei; Xiaoli Zhao; Lu Lin; Li Gao. 2018. "Capitalization of Urban Green Vegetation in a Housing Market with Poor Environmental Quality: Evidence from Beijing." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 144, no. 3: 05018011.
Water scarcity and uneven water demand in regional electricity generation pose substantial challenges to the sustainable development of water resources and electricity production in China. Based on the latest official policy of China’s electricity development, i.e., the 13th Five-Year Plan of electricity development, this study quantified annual water withdrawal and consumption for future electricity generation in China from 2015 to 2030. This study simulated a three-prong approach to impacting water use for electricity development, i.e., updating the cooling technology mix, increasing non-thermal power generation and relocating thermal power plants to the west. The results showed that solutions to relieve water stress caused by electricity production entail major trade-offs. Annual water withdrawal and consumption were projected to exceed 63.75 and 8.30 billion m3 by 2030, up approximately 14% and 21% of those in 2015, respectively, if China does not implement any new water and energy policies. Replacing once-through cooling systems with closed-loop cooling systems would decrease national water withdrawal remarkably but increase water consumption. The west-centered spatial distribution of thermoelectric power generation would reduce water use at the national level; however, it will largely increase water stress in northern and northwestern China. Thus, relieving the stress of growing electricity demand on water resources in China requires comprehensive measures and quantitative estimates.
Lu Lin; Yongqin David Chen. Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China. Sustainability 2017, 10, 30 .
AMA StyleLu Lin, Yongqin David Chen. Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China. Sustainability. 2017; 10 (2):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Lin; Yongqin David Chen. 2017. "Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 30.