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Prof. Sara Paiva
Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Smart Cities
0 inclusive cities
0 outdoor navigation
0 smart mobility
0 Mobile and ubiquitous computing

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Smart Cities
smart mobility
outdoor navigation

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Short Biography

Sara Paiva is an Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, a PhD in Informatics Engineering from University of Vigo in 2011 and a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Oviedo since January 2018, under advanced driving assistants and urban mobility. She is the coordinator of the ADiT-Lab – Applied Digital Transformation Laboratory, a research center of the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo. Her main line of research is mobile solutions for smart and inclusive mobility in smart cities. She has supervised several final projects and thesis of Bachelor and Master in her main line of work. She is Editor in Chief of EAI Endorsed Transaction on Smart Cities, Associate Editor of Springer Wireless Networks, editor of multiple Springer and IGI books, special issues, has authored and co-authored several scientific publications in journals and conferences and is a frequent reviewer of international journals and international conferences. She is leader and collaborator of P2020 R&D projects and also member of H2020 R&D projects.

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Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in IEEE Access
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The digital contact tracing applications are one of the many initiatives to fight the COVID-19 virus. Some of these Apps use the Exposure Notification (EN) system available on Google and Apple’s operating systems. However, EN-based contact tracing Apps depend on the availability of Bluetooth interfaces to exchange proximity identifiers, which, if compromised, directly impact their effectiveness. This paper discloses and details the Advertising Overflow attack, a novel internal Denial of Service (DoS) attack targeting the EN system on Android devices. The attack is performed by a malicious App that occupies all the Bluetooth advertising slots in an Android device, effectively blocking any advertising attempt of EN or other Apps. The impact of the disclosed attack and other previously disclosed DoS-based attacks, namely Battery Exhaustion and Storage Drain, were tested using two target smartphones and other six smartphones as attackers. The results show that the Battery Exhaustion attack imposes a battery discharge rate 1.95 times higher than in the normal operation scenario. Regarding the Storage Drain, the storage usage increased more than 30 times when compared to the normal operation scenario results. The results of the novel attack reveal that a malicious App can prevent any other App to place their Bluetooth advertisements, for any chosen time period, thus canceling the operation of the EN system and compromising the efficiency of any COVID contact tracing App using this system.

ACS Style

Henrique Faria; Sara Paiva; Pedro Pinto. An Advertising Overflow Attack Against Android Exposure Notification System Impacting COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 103365 -103375.

AMA Style

Henrique Faria, Sara Paiva, Pedro Pinto. An Advertising Overflow Attack Against Android Exposure Notification System Impacting COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():103365-103375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrique Faria; Sara Paiva; Pedro Pinto. 2021. "An Advertising Overflow Attack Against Android Exposure Notification System Impacting COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications." IEEE Access 9, no. : 103365-103375.

Conference paper
Published: 29 June 2021 in Inventive Computation and Information Technologies
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In recent decades, combined with technological evolution, numerous operational activities of companies are supported by information systems. Despite its advantages, countless routine tasks of the organizations are done manually. In recent years, robotic process automation (RPA) has emerged allowing to create automatic processes to deal with routine tasks. One typical feature of these systems is reading documents via optical character recognition (OCR) that are associated with the classification of documents. This paper aims to present a general study on the document classification process using OCR in RPA processes combined with the application of artificial intelligence. It was intended to carry out a survey of the state of the art of tools and approaches for the classification of documents using AI. Conclusions show that despite the challenges associated with the classification and categorization of documents, the applicability of AI techniques shows good results of accuracy to allow a better efficiency in the automation of RPA processes.

ACS Style

Jorge Ribeiro; Rui Lima; Sara Paiva. Document Classification in Robotic Process Automation Using Artificial Intelligence—A Preliminary Literature Review. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies 2021, 211 -221.

AMA Style

Jorge Ribeiro, Rui Lima, Sara Paiva. Document Classification in Robotic Process Automation Using Artificial Intelligence—A Preliminary Literature Review. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies. 2021; ():211-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Ribeiro; Rui Lima; Sara Paiva. 2021. "Document Classification in Robotic Process Automation Using Artificial Intelligence—A Preliminary Literature Review." Inventive Computation and Information Technologies , no. : 211-221.

Conference paper
Published: 29 June 2021 in Inventive Computation and Information Technologies
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It is very common for companies to receive invoices (and other semi-structured documents) in paper and PDF files and someone has to manually enter that data into a digital structure like a database or comma-separated values (CSV) file. This type of work is very time-consuming (making it expensive) and exhaustive (making it prone to errors). Data entry activities also force high-paying specialized workers to do repetitive tasks or to outsource that work, making it hard to manage the data workflow. There is a need to automate this type of process. In this context, the following paper presents a preliminary study and review of technologies, tools and recent research strategies for invoice management mainly in the scope of robotic process automation tools.

ACS Style

Rui Lima; Sara Paiva; Jorge Ribeiro. Artificial Intelligence Optimization Strategies for Invoice Management: A Preliminary Study. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies 2021, 223 -234.

AMA Style

Rui Lima, Sara Paiva, Jorge Ribeiro. Artificial Intelligence Optimization Strategies for Invoice Management: A Preliminary Study. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies. 2021; ():223-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Lima; Sara Paiva; Jorge Ribeiro. 2021. "Artificial Intelligence Optimization Strategies for Invoice Management: A Preliminary Study." Inventive Computation and Information Technologies , no. : 223-234.

Conference paper
Published: 15 June 2021 in Inventive Computation and Information Technologies
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COVID-19, that appeared in China on December 2019, led to a Global Public Health Emergency decreed by World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. With several lockdowns taking place worldwide, various tasks and activities started to rely on technology to deliver services and elementary goods. In an attempt to stop the spread and help save lives, we have assisted to the appearance of several software applications using AI, big data, robots and drones for several and distinct purposes and domains of the society, business and citizen´s daily lives, claiming the importance technology can have in a pandemic crisis. This paper addresses several domains such e-commerce, the health sector, education and public services, in order to summarize the impacts during this COVID-19 pandemic crisis and refers to how technology was used so far.

ACS Style

Catarina Costa; Sara Paiva. How Societies and Businesses Will Technologically Evolve with COVID-19. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies 2021, 21 -30.

AMA Style

Catarina Costa, Sara Paiva. How Societies and Businesses Will Technologically Evolve with COVID-19. Inventive Computation and Information Technologies. 2021; ():21-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Costa; Sara Paiva. 2021. "How Societies and Businesses Will Technologically Evolve with COVID-19." Inventive Computation and Information Technologies , no. : 21-30.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Sustainability
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A large percentage of traffic accidents are due to human errors. Driving behavior and driving stress influence the probability of making these mistakes. Both are influenced by multiple factors, among which might be elements such as age, gender, sleeping hours, or working hours. The objective of this paper is to study, in a real scenario and without forcing the driver’s state, the relationship between driving behavior, driving stress, and these elements. Furthermore, we aim to provide guidelines to improve driving assistants. In this study, we used 1050 driving samples obtained from 35 volunteers. The driving samples correspond to regular commutes from home to the workplace. ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were carried out to check if there are significant differences in the four factors analyzed. Although the results show that driving behavior and driving stress are affected by gender, age, and sleeping hours, the most critical variable is working hours. Drivers with long working days suffer significantly more driving stress compared to other drivers, with the corresponding effect on their driving style. These drivers were the worst at maintaining the safety distance.

ACS Style

Víctor Magaña; Xabiel Pañeda; Roberto Garcia; Sara Paiva; Laura Pozueco. Beside and Behind the Wheel: Factors that Influence Driving Stress and Driving Behavior. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4775 .

AMA Style

Víctor Magaña, Xabiel Pañeda, Roberto Garcia, Sara Paiva, Laura Pozueco. Beside and Behind the Wheel: Factors that Influence Driving Stress and Driving Behavior. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Víctor Magaña; Xabiel Pañeda; Roberto Garcia; Sara Paiva; Laura Pozueco. 2021. "Beside and Behind the Wheel: Factors that Influence Driving Stress and Driving Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4775.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The transport network and mobility aspects are constantly changing, and major changes are expected in the coming years in terms of safety and sustainability purposes. In this paper, we present the main conclusions and analysis of data collected from a survey of drivers in Spain and Portugal regarding user preferences, highlighting the main functionalities and behavior that an advanced driver assistance system must have in order to grant it special importance on the road to prevent accidents and also to enable drivers to have a pleasant journey. Based on the results obtained from the survey, we developed and present a working prototype for an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), its architecture and rules systems that allowed us to create and test some scenarios in a real environment.

ACS Style

Sara Paiva; Xabiel Pañeda; Victor Corcoba; Roberto García; Próspero Morán; Laura Pozueco; Marina Valdés; Covadonga del Camino. User Preferences in the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3932 .

AMA Style

Sara Paiva, Xabiel Pañeda, Victor Corcoba, Roberto García, Próspero Morán, Laura Pozueco, Marina Valdés, Covadonga del Camino. User Preferences in the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3932.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Paiva; Xabiel Pañeda; Victor Corcoba; Roberto García; Próspero Morán; Laura Pozueco; Marina Valdés; Covadonga del Camino. 2021. "User Preferences in the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3932.

Review
Published: 18 March 2021 in Sensors
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The increasing population across the globe makes it essential to link smart and sustainable city planning with the logistics of transporting people and goods, which will significantly contribute to how societies will face mobility in the coming years. The concept of smart mobility emerged with the popularity of smart cities and is aligned with the sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations. A reduction in traffic congestion and new route optimizations with reduced ecological footprint are some of the essential factors of smart mobility; however, other aspects must also be taken into account, such as the promotion of active mobility and inclusive mobility, encouraging the use of other types of environmentally friendly fuels and engagement with citizens. The Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain and Big Data technology will serve as the main entry points and fundamental pillars to promote the rise of new innovative solutions that will change the current paradigm for cities and their citizens. Mobility-as-a-service, traffic flow optimization, the optimization of logistics and autonomous vehicles are some of the services and applications that will encompass several changes in the coming years with the transition of existing cities into smart cities. This paper provides an extensive review of the current trends and solutions presented in the scope of smart mobility and enabling technologies that support it. An overview of how smart mobility fits into smart cities is provided by characterizing its main attributes and the key benefits of using smart mobility in a smart city ecosystem. Further, this paper highlights other various opportunities and challenges related to smart mobility. Lastly, the major services and applications that are expected to arise in the coming years within smart mobility are explored with the prospective future trends and scope.

ACS Style

Sara Paiva; Mohd Ahad; Gautami Tripathi; Noushaba Feroz; Gabriella Casalino. Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges. Sensors 2021, 21, 2143 .

AMA Style

Sara Paiva, Mohd Ahad, Gautami Tripathi, Noushaba Feroz, Gabriella Casalino. Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges. Sensors. 2021; 21 (6):2143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Paiva; Mohd Ahad; Gautami Tripathi; Noushaba Feroz; Gabriella Casalino. 2021. "Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges." Sensors 21, no. 6: 2143.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Procedia Computer Science
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Taking into account the technological evolution of the last decades and the proliferation of information systems in society, today we see the vast majority of services provided by companies and institutions as digital services. Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution where technologies and automation are asserting themselves as major changes. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has numerous advantages in terms of automating organizational and business processes. Allied to these advantages, the complementary use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms and techniques allows to improve the accuracy and execution of RPA processes in the extraction of information, in the recognition, classification, forecasting and optimization of processes. In this context, this paper aims to present a study of the RPA tools associated with AI that can contribute to the improvement of the organizational processes associated with Industry 4.0. It appears that the RPA tools enhance their functionality with the objectives of AI being extended with the use of Artificial Neural Network algorithms, Text Mining techniques and Natural Language Processing techniques for the extraction of information and consequent process of optimization and of forecasting scenarios in improving the operational and business processes of organizations.

ACS Style

Jorge Ribeiro; Rui Lima; Tiago Eckhardt; Sara Paiva. Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 – A Literature review. Procedia Computer Science 2021, 181, 51 -58.

AMA Style

Jorge Ribeiro, Rui Lima, Tiago Eckhardt, Sara Paiva. Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 – A Literature review. Procedia Computer Science. 2021; 181 ():51-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Ribeiro; Rui Lima; Tiago Eckhardt; Sara Paiva. 2021. "Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 – A Literature review." Procedia Computer Science 181, no. : 51-58.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Procedia Computer Science
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This paper presents a mobile application developed in conjunction with the City Hall from Viana do Castelo, a city in the north of Portugal. This application targets people with permanent or temporary reduced mobility and intends to show them information about taxi points, parking spaces and reference points in the city with the possibility to navigate to them using an optimized algorithm, based on routes defined for each segment (deaf people, visually impaired people, etc.). The Dijkstra’s algorithm was used to implement the shortestPath given an origin, destination and segment. In this paper we present implementation details as well as final layouts of the prototype. At the current moment, the application is ended and will soon enter in usability tests with the users.

ACS Style

Sara Paiva; Pedro Castro; Bruno Mateus; Carlos Pinheiro; Ruben Ferreira; Samuel Rodrigues; Júlio Silva; Ana Curralo. A mobile application to enhance mobility of people with permanent or temporary mobility disability – a case study in Portugal. Procedia Computer Science 2021, 181, 34 -41.

AMA Style

Sara Paiva, Pedro Castro, Bruno Mateus, Carlos Pinheiro, Ruben Ferreira, Samuel Rodrigues, Júlio Silva, Ana Curralo. A mobile application to enhance mobility of people with permanent or temporary mobility disability – a case study in Portugal. Procedia Computer Science. 2021; 181 ():34-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Paiva; Pedro Castro; Bruno Mateus; Carlos Pinheiro; Ruben Ferreira; Samuel Rodrigues; Júlio Silva; Ana Curralo. 2021. "A mobile application to enhance mobility of people with permanent or temporary mobility disability – a case study in Portugal." Procedia Computer Science 181, no. : 34-41.

Chapter
Published: 16 February 2021 in Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems
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The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the most crucial health emergencies in the last decade where almost all entities of a nation’s ecosystem like inhabitants, businesses, governments, economies, and environment are impacted. The large volumes of epidemiological, clinical, personal, and environmental data generated during any pandemic can provide useful insights about the underlying causes, symptoms, relations, and correlations, which if analyzed can assist in mitigating the impact to a great extent. The cheap and easy connectivity and communication provided by the social media platforms (SMP) have established them as one of the most preferred mediums of communications among the masses. The data generated by these platforms can be analyzed in context of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis to provide critical information and insights related to the ground level realities like spread and severity of infection, the state of implementation of control measures, the mental state of individuals, and their needs. The tweets and comments of the users can provide information about the current situation and intensity of the problems in the affected regions. With the help of techniques like sentiment analysis and web mining, we can identify the emergent requirements and needs (like food, shelter, medicine, medical emergencies, security, etc.) of the population in the COVID-19-affected areas. With this chapter we aim to identify several use cases where the big medical data from the patients, epidemiological data, social media data, and environment-related data can be used to identify patterns, causes, and other growing factors of the COVID-19 pandemic with a goal to mitigate the damages and contain further spread of the disease. The chapter also discusses the impact of a preferred mitigation measure of nationwide lockdown on the number of new novel coronavirus-positive patients as well as the impact on the environment by analyzing the available data. Since the tourism industry is now of the worst hit businesses, we also discussed the impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry. Furthermore, we identify the challenges associated with handling the massive amount of data generated during such pandemics. Finally, the future avenues of using big data for effectively devising predictive mechanisms and techniques to contain such pandemics in the initial stages are discussed. The chapter also discusses the importance of edge/fog technologies and IoT to identify possible use cases and where immediate point of contact actions is needed to mitigate the situations. Since edge computing facilitates calculations near the origin of data, it is imperative to understand the potential use cases in times of COVID-19-like pandemics.

ACS Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva; Gautami Tripathi; Zeeshan Ali Haq; Tabrez Nafis; Noushaba Feroz. Big Data and Modern-Day Technologies in COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Avenues. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 2021, 324, 79 -106.

AMA Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad, Sara Paiva, Gautami Tripathi, Zeeshan Ali Haq, Tabrez Nafis, Noushaba Feroz. Big Data and Modern-Day Technologies in COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Avenues. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems. 2021; 324 ():79-106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva; Gautami Tripathi; Zeeshan Ali Haq; Tabrez Nafis; Noushaba Feroz. 2021. "Big Data and Modern-Day Technologies in COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Avenues." Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 324, no. : 79-106.

Editorial
Published: 24 December 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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ACS Style

Anand Nayyar; Sara Paiva; Anand Paul; Akshi Kumar. Social, mobile, analytic and cloud technologies: Intelligent Computing for future smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 66, 102676 .

AMA Style

Anand Nayyar, Sara Paiva, Anand Paul, Akshi Kumar. Social, mobile, analytic and cloud technologies: Intelligent Computing for future smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 66 ():102676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anand Nayyar; Sara Paiva; Anand Paul; Akshi Kumar. 2020. "Social, mobile, analytic and cloud technologies: Intelligent Computing for future smart cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 66, no. : 102676.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Electronics
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Technological innovations have enabled the realization of a utopian world where all objects of everyday life, as well as humans, are interconnected to form an “Internet of Things (IoT).” These connected technologies and IoT solutions have led to the emergence of smart cities where all components are converted into a connected smart ecosystem. IoT has envisioned several areas of smart cities including the modern healthcare environment like real-time monitoring, patient information management, ambient-assisted living, ambient-intelligence, anomaly detection, and accelerated sensing. IoT has also brought a breakthrough in the medical domain by integrating stake holders, medical components, and hospitals to bring about holistic healthcare management. The healthcare domain is already witnessing promising IoT-based solutions ranging from embedded mobile applications to wearable devices and implantable gadgets. However, with all these exemplary benefits, there is a need to ensure the safety and privacy of the patient’s personal and medical data communicated to and from the connected devices and systems. For a smart city, it is pertinent to have an accessible, effective, and secure healthcare system for its inhabitants. This paper discusses the various elements of technology-enabled healthcare and presents a privacy-preserved and secure “Smart Medical System (SMS)” framework for the smart city ecosystem. For providing real-time analysis and responses, this paper proposes to use the concept of secured Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) for performing critical time-bound computations on the edge itself. In order to protect the medical and personal data of the patients and to make the data tamper-proof, the concept of blockchain has been used. Finally, this paper highlights the ways to capture and store the medical big data generated from IoT devices and sensors.

ACS Style

Gautami Tripathi; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva. SMS: A Secure Healthcare Model for Smart Cities. Electronics 2020, 9, 1135 .

AMA Style

Gautami Tripathi, Mohd Abdul Ahad, Sara Paiva. SMS: A Secure Healthcare Model for Smart Cities. Electronics. 2020; 9 (7):1135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gautami Tripathi; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva. 2020. "SMS: A Secure Healthcare Model for Smart Cities." Electronics 9, no. 7: 1135.

Review paper
Published: 06 June 2020 in SN Applied Sciences
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The current era of computing is witnessing a huge amount of data being generated with every passing moment. This massive data if nourished effectively can open new horizons for the computing world. The modern world is slowly but surely moving towards the automation age where every entity and object is being automated to perform desired tasks without the need of human interventions. This has made the lives of people more convenient and comfortable. Automation has taken over every single field of computing and even beyond. Smart mobility is one such example of automation wherein the users get real time information about the traffic conditions as well as alternate route suggestions in case of traffic jams. Transportation is considered as the backbone of every business. The automated intelligent transportation system (ITS) has completely transformed the way how people, goods and services are transported and is quite important for achieving sustainability. This paper provides an overview of the existing ITS system, concept of smart mobility and existing vulnerabilities in these systems. Their security concerns and scenarios are also analyzed. Furthermore, in this paper the importance and need for securing these intelligent systems is highlighted and future trends in ITS is also suggested. Although ITS and smart mobility technology are already providing convenient transportation and navigational facilities, there is still a huge scope to improve these facilities for the end users. The suggested future trends if integrated in an effective manner can provide exemplary means to provide state-of-the-art navigational facilities and smart mobility in a true sense.

ACS Style

Sara Paiva; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sherin Zafar; Gautami Tripathi; Aqeel Khalique; Imran Hussain. Privacy and security challenges in smart and sustainable mobility. SN Applied Sciences 2020, 2, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Sara Paiva, Mohd Abdul Ahad, Sherin Zafar, Gautami Tripathi, Aqeel Khalique, Imran Hussain. Privacy and security challenges in smart and sustainable mobility. SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2 (7):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Paiva; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sherin Zafar; Gautami Tripathi; Aqeel Khalique; Imran Hussain. 2020. "Privacy and security challenges in smart and sustainable mobility." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 7: 1-10.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)
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ACS Style

Ana Longras; Henrique Oliveira; Sara Paiva. Security Vulnerabilities on Implantable Medical Devices. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Longras, Henrique Oliveira, Sara Paiva. Security Vulnerabilities on Implantable Medical Devices. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Longras; Henrique Oliveira; Sara Paiva. 2020. "Security Vulnerabilities on Implantable Medical Devices." 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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The technological interventions in everyday processes has led to the rise of Smart ecosystems where all aspects of everyday life like governance, transportation, agriculture, logistics, maintenance, education and healthcare are automated in some way or the other and can be controlled, managed and accessed remotely with the help of smart devices. This has led to the concept of Smart cities where Information Communication and Technology (ICT) is merged with the existing traditional infrastructure of a city which is then coordinated and managed using digital technology. This idea of smart cities is slowly but surely coming into reality as many countries around the globe are adopting this idea and coming up with their own model of smart cities. At the core of smart city lies the sensors and actuators embedded in the smart devices that sense the environment for facilitating effective decision making. The microcontrollers available in these devices are programmed to take decisions automatically based on the information received from the sensors. This involves integration of several information and communication technologies like artificial intelligence, protocols, Internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor network (WSN) etc. This paper discusses and extensively reviews the role of enabling technologies in smart cities. The paper further highlights the challenges and limitations in the development of smart cities along with the mitigation strategies. Specifically, three categories of challenges are identified namely technical, socio-economic and environmental giving specifics of each category. Finally, some of the best practices for attaining sustainable smart cities are provided.

ACS Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva; Gautami Tripathi; Noushaba Feroz. Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 61, 102301 .

AMA Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad, Sara Paiva, Gautami Tripathi, Noushaba Feroz. Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 61 ():102301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva; Gautami Tripathi; Noushaba Feroz. 2020. "Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 61, no. : 102301.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)
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ACS Style

Diogo Teixeira; Leonardo Assuncao; Sara Paiva. Security of Smart Home-Smartphones Systems. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Diogo Teixeira, Leonardo Assuncao, Sara Paiva. Security of Smart Home-Smartphones Systems. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diogo Teixeira; Leonardo Assuncao; Sara Paiva. 2020. "Security of Smart Home-Smartphones Systems." 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 04 April 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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ACS Style

Sara Paiva; Pedro Rodrigues; Benjamim Oliveira. Image Recognition to Improve Positioning in Smart Urban Environments. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 59 -70.

AMA Style

Sara Paiva, Pedro Rodrigues, Benjamim Oliveira. Image Recognition to Improve Positioning in Smart Urban Environments. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():59-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Paiva; Pedro Rodrigues; Benjamim Oliveira. 2020. "Image Recognition to Improve Positioning in Smart Urban Environments." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 59-70.

Conference paper
Published: 17 December 2019 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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A novel microstrip bandpass filter with split ring resonator (SRR) defected ground structure (DGS) patch antenna for computational applications is proposed in this article. This filter and antenna design can collaboratively work as filtenna for improved performance by minimizing the total power consumption in the system. The investigation is carried out on width of the slit opening of SRR slot (W) and rotation of the inner square-shaped ring structure in clockwise direction. The proposed filtenna is designed to provide a tunable frequency operation. Simulation is performed on high-frequency structural simulator (HFSS) which demonstrates good output response making filtenna design suitable for intelligent vehicular communication and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed filtenna is compact in size, has low insertion loss, exhibits high selectivity, and demonstrates excellent out-of-band performance.

ACS Style

P. Raj Kumar; Ravisankar Malladi; Nishu Gupta; Sara Paiva. Computational Devices for Intelligent Vehicular Systems and Smart Networking. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2019, 291 -299.

AMA Style

P. Raj Kumar, Ravisankar Malladi, Nishu Gupta, Sara Paiva. Computational Devices for Intelligent Vehicular Systems and Smart Networking. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2019; ():291-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Raj Kumar; Ravisankar Malladi; Nishu Gupta; Sara Paiva. 2019. "Computational Devices for Intelligent Vehicular Systems and Smart Networking." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 291-299.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Healthcare
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Healthcare domain has emerged as one of the most preferred use cases of IoT and its related technologies. However, its widespread adoption is still a distant dream. The primary reason behind this is the security and privacy of the data and the participating entities. To overcome this, blockchain technology has emerged as a convenient means to improve the security and privacy of the data and its users. With the deluge of medical data generated through electronic medical records and other ICT based mechanisms, blockchain has found innumerable opportunities in the healthcare domain. The traditional healthcare systems are radically adopting modern day technologies for transitioning into the smart healthcare ecosystems. The convenience of the users and ease of use are the primary factors driving this transition. Even with smart healthcare systems (SHS) there exist numerous challenges and issues related to the security, transparency and privacy of the data and users. This paper explores the technological and social barriers in adoption of SHS by analyzing state-of-the-art expert views and user's perception. It further proposes a blockchain based SHS framework to provide intrinsic security and integrity of the system. Finally, the future research directions and use cases of blockchain in healthcare domain are discussed.

ACS Style

Gautami Tripathi; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva. S2HS- A blockchain based approach for smart healthcare system. Healthcare 2019, 8, 100391 .

AMA Style

Gautami Tripathi, Mohd Abdul Ahad, Sara Paiva. S2HS- A blockchain based approach for smart healthcare system. Healthcare. 2019; 8 (1):100391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gautami Tripathi; Mohd Abdul Ahad; Sara Paiva. 2019. "S2HS- A blockchain based approach for smart healthcare system." Healthcare 8, no. 1: 100391.

Conference paper
Published: 23 August 2019 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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Technological research and innovation have advanced at a rapid pace in recent years, and one group hoping to benefit from this, is visually impaired people (VIP). Technology may enable them to find new ways of travelling around smart cities, thus improving their quality of life (QoL). Currently, there are approximately 110 million VIP worldwide, and continuous research is crucial to find innovative solutions to their mobility problems. Recent advances such as the increase in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), smartphones and wearable devices, together with an ever-growing uptake of deep learning, computer vision, the Internet of Things (IoT), and virtual and augmented reality (VR)/(AR), have provided VIP with the hope of having an improved QoL. In particular, indoor and outdoor spaces could be improved with the use of such technologies to make them suitable for VIP. This paper examines use cases both indoors and outdoors and provides recommendations of how deep learning and computer vision-enabled UAVs could be employed in smart cities to improve the QoL for VIP in the coming years.

ACS Style

Moustafa M. Nasralla; Ikram Ur Rehman; Drishty Sobnath; Sara Paiva. Computer Vision and Deep Learning-Enabled UAVs: Proposed Use Cases for Visually Impaired People in a Smart City. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2019, 91 -99.

AMA Style

Moustafa M. Nasralla, Ikram Ur Rehman, Drishty Sobnath, Sara Paiva. Computer Vision and Deep Learning-Enabled UAVs: Proposed Use Cases for Visually Impaired People in a Smart City. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2019; ():91-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moustafa M. Nasralla; Ikram Ur Rehman; Drishty Sobnath; Sara Paiva. 2019. "Computer Vision and Deep Learning-Enabled UAVs: Proposed Use Cases for Visually Impaired People in a Smart City." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 91-99.