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Suresh Baral
School of EngineeringPokhara University Kaski Nepal

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Research article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Engineering Reports
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The solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for power generation with thermal storage type may be one of the promising technologies for prolonging power generation. The thermal storage type of solar ORC system is feasible for investment due to higher power production. In addition, the heat source temperature of the ORC system plays an important role in the investment. The main aim of the study is to investigate the solar ORC with thermal storage systems from the thermoeconomic point of view. The paper provides recommendations for a suitable class of investment in which an ORC system can be economically feasible. Besides, the economics and thermoeconomic analysis is carried out in order to find the cost of electricity production from the solar ORC under various solar source temperatures. The cost of electricity generation is found to be in the range of $0.2/kWh to $0.6/kWh for 120°C and 90°C, respectively. For analysis, different financial scenarios are developed based on the total cost of the solar ORC units. The economic parameters, such as payback period, internal rate of return (IRR) and specific investment cost, are calculated. The payback period is found to be less than 6 years for the thermal storage type of solar ORC system with the IRR to be 15%. This shows that the investment is feasible for medium and large scale solar ORC with thermal storage systems.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral. A study of effects on economic indicators for different heat source temperature on thermal storage‐based solar organic Rankine cycle system. Engineering Reports 2020, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Suresh Baral. A study of effects on economic indicators for different heat source temperature on thermal storage‐based solar organic Rankine cycle system. Engineering Reports. 2020; 2 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral. 2020. "A study of effects on economic indicators for different heat source temperature on thermal storage‐based solar organic Rankine cycle system." Engineering Reports 2, no. 1: 1.

Research article
Published: 08 September 2019 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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The current research study focuses on the feasibility of stand-alone hybrid solar-geothermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology for power generation from hot springs of Bhurung Tatopani, Myagdi, Nepal. For the study, the temperature of the hot spring was measured on the particular site of the heat source of the hot spring. The measured temperature could be used for operating the ORC system. Temperature of hot spring can also further be increased by adopting the solar collector for rising the temperature. This hybrid type of the system can have a high-temperature heat source which could power more energy from ORC technology. There are various types of organic working fluids available on the market, but R134a and R245fa are environmentally friendly and have low global warming potential candidates. The thermodynamic models have been developed for predicting the performance analysis of the system. The input parameter for the model is the temperature which was measured experimentally. The maximum temperature of the hot spring was found to be 69.7°C. Expander power output, thermal efficiency, heat of evaporation, solar collector area, and hybrid solar ORC system power output and efficiency are the outputs from the developed model. From the simulation, it was found that 1 kg/s of working fluid could produce 17.5 kW and 22.5 kW power output for R134a and R245fa, respectively, when the geothermal source temperature was around 70°C. Later when the hot spring was heated with a solar collector, the power output produced were 25 kW and 30 kW for R134a and R245fa, respectively, when the heat source was 99°C. The study also further determines the cost of electricity generation for the system with working fluids R134a and R245fa to be $0.17/kWh and $0.14/kWh, respectively. The levelised cost of the electricity (LCOE) was $0.38/kWh in order to be highly feasible investment. The payback period for such hybrid system was found to have 7.5 years and 10.5 years for R245fa and R134a, respectively.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral. Experimental and Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar-Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Power Generation in Nepal. International Journal of Photoenergy 2019, 2019, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral. Experimental and Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar-Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Power Generation in Nepal. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2019; 2019 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral. 2019. "Experimental and Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar-Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Power Generation in Nepal." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019, no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2018 in Energy Engineering
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The use of a solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system in small-scale power generation has attracted recent interest for powering rural areas in developing countries. The technology uses a parabolic trough solar thermal collector, heat exchangers and scroll expanders (for the expansion process) coupled with a generator for electricity production. This paper describes the solar potential for the ORC systems in South Asian countries with different working fluids to fulfill the present and future energy demands of these countries. The solar potential for the ORC system has not been assessed appropriately in earlier studies. The solar potential includes the geographic and technological potential for ORC system power generation. In addition, this paper discusses the existing energy policies of South Asian countries. These policies provide the major motivation and interest for the development and use of solar ORC technology. This article shows that solar ORC technology can meet the energy needs of rural areas of South Asian countries and can provide a sustainable energy base.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral. Estimation of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System Technology Potential in Developing Countries. Energy Engineering 2018, 115, 35 -56.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral. Estimation of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System Technology Potential in Developing Countries. Energy Engineering. 2018; 115 (3):35-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral. 2018. "Estimation of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System Technology Potential in Developing Countries." Energy Engineering 115, no. 3: 35-56.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2015 in Sustainability
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The current study presents the concept of a stand-alone solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) water pumping system for rural Nepalese areas. Experimental results for this technology are presented based on a prototype. The economic viability of the system was assessed based on solar radiation data of different Nepalese geographic locations. The mechanical power produced by the solar ORC is coupled with a water pumping system for various applications, such as drinking and irrigation. The thermal efficiency of the system was found to be 8% with an operating temperature of 120 °C. The hot water produced by the unit has a temperature of 40 °C. Economic assessment was done for 1-kW and 5-kW solar ORC water pumping systems. These systems use different types of solar collectors: a parabolic trough collector (PTC) and an evacuated tube collector (ETC). The economic analysis showed that the costs of water are $2.47/m3 (highest) and $1.86/m3 (lowest) for the 1-kW system and a 150-m pumping head. In addition, the cost of water is reduced when the size of the system is increased and the pumping head is reduced. The minimum volumes of water pumped are 2190 m3 and 11,100 m3 yearly for 1 kW and 5 kW, respectively. The payback period is eight years with a profitability index of 1.6. The system is highly feasible and promising in the context of Nepal.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. Stand-Alone Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Water Pumping System and Its Economic Viability in Nepal. Sustainability 2015, 8, 18 .

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Kyung Chun Kim. Stand-Alone Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Water Pumping System and Its Economic Viability in Nepal. Sustainability. 2015; 8 (1):18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. 2015. "Stand-Alone Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Water Pumping System and Its Economic Viability in Nepal." Sustainability 8, no. 1: 18.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2015 in Entropy
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A small-scale solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising renewable energy-driven power generation technology that can be used in the rural areas of developing countries. A prototype was developed and tested for its performance characteristics under a range of solar source temperatures. The solar ORC system power output was calculated based on the thermal and solar collector efficiency. The maximum solar power output was observed in April. The solar ORC unit power output ranged from 0.4 kW to 1.38 kW during the year. The highest power output was obtained when the expander inlet pressure was 13 bar and the solar source temperature was 120 °C. The area of the collector for the investigation was calculated based on the meteorological conditions of Busan City (South Korea). In the second part, economic and thermoeconomic analyses were carried out to determine the cost of energy per kWh from the solar ORC. The selling price of electricity generation was found to be $0.68/kWh and $0.39/kWh for the prototype and low cost solar ORC, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to find the influencing economic parameters for the change in NPV. Finally, the sustainability index was calculated to assess the sustainable development of the solar ORC system.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Dokyun Kim; Eunkoo Yun; Kyung Chun Kim. Experimental and Thermoeconomic Analysis of Small-Scale Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) System. Entropy 2015, 17, 2039 -2061.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Dokyun Kim, Eunkoo Yun, Kyung Chun Kim. Experimental and Thermoeconomic Analysis of Small-Scale Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) System. Entropy. 2015; 17 (4):2039-2061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Dokyun Kim; Eunkoo Yun; Kyung Chun Kim. 2015. "Experimental and Thermoeconomic Analysis of Small-Scale Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) System." Entropy 17, no. 4: 2039-2061.

Conference paper
Published: 09 February 2015 in Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences
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ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. Organic Rankine Cycle Power System Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Kyung Chun Kim. Organic Rankine Cycle Power System Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. 2015. "Organic Rankine Cycle Power System Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries." Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2015 in Energies
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This paper introduces the concept of installing a small-scale organic Rankine cycle system for the generation of electricity in remote areas of developing countries. The Organic Rankine Cycle Systems (ORC) system uses a commercial magnetically-coupled scroll expander, plate type heat exchangers and plunger type working fluid feed pump. The heat source for the ORC system can be solar energy. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to confirm the cycle efficiency and expander power output of the system. Using the actual system data, the exergy destruction on the system components and exergy efficiency were assessed. Furthermore, the results of the variations of system energy and exergy efficiencies with different operating parameters, such as the evaporating and condensing pressures, degree of superheating, dead state temperature, expander inlet temperature and pressure ratio were illustrated. The system exhibited acceptable operational characteristics with good performance under a wide range of conditions. A heat source temperature of 121 °C is expected to deliver a power output of approximately 1.4 kW. In addition, the system cost analysis and financing mechanisms for the installation of the ORC system were discussed.

ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Dokyun Kim; Eunkoo Yun; Kyung Chun Kim. Energy, Exergy and Performance Analysis of Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for Electrical Power Generation Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies 2015, 8, 684 -713.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Dokyun Kim, Eunkoo Yun, Kyung Chun Kim. Energy, Exergy and Performance Analysis of Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for Electrical Power Generation Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies. 2015; 8 (2):684-713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Dokyun Kim; Eunkoo Yun; Kyung Chun Kim. 2015. "Energy, Exergy and Performance Analysis of Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for Electrical Power Generation Applicable in Rural Areas of Developing Countries." Energies 8, no. 2: 684-713.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Clean Energy Technologies
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ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. Simulation, Validation and Economic Analysis of Solar Powered Organic Rankine Cycle for Electricity Generation. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 2015, 3, 62 -67.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Kyung Chun Kim. Simulation, Validation and Economic Analysis of Solar Powered Organic Rankine Cycle for Electricity Generation. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies. 2015; 3 (1):62-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. 2015. "Simulation, Validation and Economic Analysis of Solar Powered Organic Rankine Cycle for Electricity Generation." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 1: 62-67.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal
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ACS Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. Thermodynamic Modeling of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle with Selected Organic Working Fluids for Cogeneration. Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 2014, 29, 7 -34.

AMA Style

Suresh Baral, Kyung Chun Kim. Thermodynamic Modeling of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle with Selected Organic Working Fluids for Cogeneration. Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal. 2014; 29 (3):7-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh Baral; Kyung Chun Kim. 2014. "Thermodynamic Modeling of the Solar Organic Rankine Cycle with Selected Organic Working Fluids for Cogeneration." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 29, no. 3: 7-34.