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The successful and effective shaping of curvilinear steel bar structures is becoming an increasingly complex and difficult task, due to the growing demands to satisfy both economic and environmental requirements. However, computer software for algorithmic-aided design makes it possible to take into account many aspects affecting structures, as early as the initial design stage. In this context, the paper presents an optimization method for shaping the curvilinear steel bar canopies of hyperbolic paraboloid and cylindroid shapes, in order to obtain effective structures adapted to external environmental conditions. The best structural solutions in terms of the structure’s shape, topology and support positions are obtained as the effects of multi-criteria optimizations with the application of genetic algorithms. The following are used as the optimization criteria: minimal structure mass and minimal deflections of the structure’s members, as well as their maximal utilization. Additionally, the best canopy locations in relation to the sides of the world are determined through analyzing their shadow casts for various locations, so the structures have the least impact on the surroundings. This research, with its interdisciplinary character, aims to present the possibility of applying generative shaping tools to obtain structurally effective and environment-adaptive curvilinear steel bar structures in the first phase of their design, which can support sustainable designing.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures for Variable Environmental Conditions Using Genetic Algorithms—Moving towards Sustainability. Materials 2021, 14, 1167 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures for Variable Environmental Conditions Using Genetic Algorithms—Moving towards Sustainability. Materials. 2021; 14 (5):1167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2021. "Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures for Variable Environmental Conditions Using Genetic Algorithms—Moving towards Sustainability." Materials 14, no. 5: 1167.
The paper concerns shaping curvilinear steel bar structures that are hyperbolic paraboloid canopy roofs by means of parametric design software Rhinoceros/Grasshopper and Karamba 3D. Hyperbolic paraboloid shape has found applications in various solutions of building roofs, mainly as reinforced concrete or steel coverings made of bent sheets. The hyperbolic paraboloid as a ruled surface can be a good base surface for forming bar grids. However, there are few studies on the effect of its division and the obtained topology of bar structures on their load-bearing capacity. In order to fill this gap, the aim of the presented research was to compare the effectiveness of various curvilinear steel bar structures of hyperbolic paraboloid canopy roofs covering the same plane, as well as defining both the most effective pattern of their structural grids and the optimal supporting system. This analysis was carried out thanks to the application of genetic algorithms enabling the free flow of information between geometrical and structural models, as well as thanks to the obtained result of multi-objective optimizations of the shaped structures for given boundary conditions. Minimal mass of the structure as well as minimal deflection of the structural members were assumed as the optimization criteria.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Multi-Objective Optimizing Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Canopy Roofs. Buildings 2020, 10, 39 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Multi-Objective Optimizing Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Canopy Roofs. Buildings. 2020; 10 (3):39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2020. "Multi-Objective Optimizing Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Canopy Roofs." Buildings 10, no. 3: 39.
Shaping building objects is conditioned by many interrelated factors, both architectural and structural. Modern tools for shaping structures working in the environment of Rhinoceros 3D such as Grasshopper and Karamba 3D enable algorithmic-aided shaping structures, while allowing the free flow of information between the geometric model and structural model. The aim of the research is to use these tools to test the curvilinear steel bar roofs’ structures shaped based on Catalan surfaces as well as to select the most efficient structure. Three types of roof structures were analyzed: cylindroid shape, conoid shape, and hyperbolic paraboloid shape. In order to find the most preferred structural form, evolutionary structural optimization was carried out, which allowed, among others, to determine optimal discretization of the base surface, as well as optimal positions of supporting columns. As the optimization criterion, the minimum mass of the structure was assumed. The most effective structure turned out to be a structure based on hyperbolic paraboloid supported by multi-branch columns. The use of a roof with the above structure is beneficial not only because of the low weight of the structure compared to the analyzed structures, but also due to the possibility of using flat panels on the roof.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Integrated Parametric Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Canopy Roofs. Buildings 2019, 9, 72 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Integrated Parametric Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Canopy Roofs. Buildings. 2019; 9 (3):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2019. "Integrated Parametric Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Canopy Roofs." Buildings 9, no. 3: 72.
The correlation of the architectural form and the structural system should be the basis for rational shaping. This paper presents algorithmic-aided shaping curvilinear steel bar structures for roofs, using modern digital tools, working in the environment of Rhinoceros 3D. The proposed method consists of placing the structural nodes of the shaped bar structure on the so-called base surface. As the base surface, the minimal surfaces with favorable mechanical properties were used. These surfaces were obtained in two optimization methods, due to both the structural and functional requirements. One of the methods used was the so-called form-finding method. It wasalso analyzed the amount of shadow produced by the roof and the adjacent building complex, during a certain research period, to find the roof’s optimal shape. The structure of the optimal shape was then subjected to structural analysis and its members were dimensioned. The dimensioning was carried out for two bar cross-sections, and as the optimization criterion, the smallest structure’s mass was used. The presented research aims to show how it is possible to use generative shaping tools, so as not to block the creative process, to obtain effective, responsive structural forms, that meet both architectural and structural requirements.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Rationalized Algorithmic-Aided Shaping a Responsive Curvilinear Steel Bar Structure. Buildings 2019, 9, 61 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Rationalized Algorithmic-Aided Shaping a Responsive Curvilinear Steel Bar Structure. Buildings. 2019; 9 (3):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2019. "Rationalized Algorithmic-Aided Shaping a Responsive Curvilinear Steel Bar Structure." Buildings 9, no. 3: 61.
SummaryThe aim of the study was to develop a practical approach to parametric shaping of spatial steel rod structures formed based on a hyperbolic paraboloid. This design approach was realized by application of designing tools working in environment of Rhinoceros 3D, that is its plug-in Grasshopper for geometric modelling and Karamba 3D for structural analysis. The goal of this research was to elaborate an universal scripts in order to create rod structures’ models of various forms and grid patterns, as well as evaluating their structural behaviour dependently on various boundary conditions. The optimisation criterion was the minimum mass and deflection. Several proposals of coverings by means of single layer grid structures were presented and analysed to choose the best solution. The rod structures generated based on a hyperbolic paraboloid turned out to be structures with good static properties, so may be an interesting proposals to cover large areas.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid. Archives of Civil Engineering 2018, 64, 309 -320.
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid. Archives of Civil Engineering. 2018; 64 (4):309-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2018. "Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 4: 309-320.
The aim of this study is to develop a practical method of direct mapping of an inverse conical panorama with computer aid. The panoramic image is a central projection onto a conical surface from the centres dispersed on a circular or straight path located outside the projection surface. The proposed method is a nonlinear projection in which the resulting image is treated as a sequence of stitched pictures of zero width taken from a moving view point. Geometric data and relations between the projected points are utilised to formulate algorithms for drawing of inverse panoramic images of straight lines, which further enables drawing of wire frame models of represented forms. Images are drawn as plots of a function in the Mathcad software. However, in order to make drawing more efficient and convenient, as well as for the practical applications of them, the algorithms can be implemented in any graphical package.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Computer-aided inverse panorama on a conical projection surface. Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 2018, 27, 863 -886.
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Computer-aided inverse panorama on a conical projection surface. Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering. 2018; 27 (7):863-886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2018. "Computer-aided inverse panorama on a conical projection surface." Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 27, no. 7: 863-886.
The aim of the study is to develop an original, methodical, and practical approach to the early stages of parametric design of roof shells formed by repetitive modules of Catalan surfaces. It is presented on the example of designing the roof shells compound of four concrete elements. The designing process proposed by us consists in linking geometric shaping of roofs’ models with their structural analysis and optimization. Contrary to other methods, which use optimization process in order to find free roof forms, we apply it in order to explore and improve design alternatives. It is realized with the application of designing tools working in Rhinoceros 3D software. The flexible scripts elaborated by us, in order to achieve roofs’ models of regular and symmetrical shapes, are converted into simulation models to perform structural analysis. It is mainly focused on how the roof shells perform dependently on their geometric characteristics. The simulation enables one to evaluate various roof shells’ shapes, as well as to select an optimal design solution. The proposed approach to the conceptual design process may drive the designing to achieve geometric and structural forms which not only follow the design intentions but also target better results.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska; Aleksandra Prokopska. Pre-Rationalized Parametric Designing of Roof Shells Formed by Repetitive Modules of Catalan Surfaces. Symmetry 2018, 10, 105 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska, Aleksandra Prokopska. Pre-Rationalized Parametric Designing of Roof Shells Formed by Repetitive Modules of Catalan Surfaces. Symmetry. 2018; 10 (4):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska; Aleksandra Prokopska. 2018. "Pre-Rationalized Parametric Designing of Roof Shells Formed by Repetitive Modules of Catalan Surfaces." Symmetry 10, no. 4: 105.
Shaping curved steel rod structures
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping curved steel rod structures. Technical Transactions 2018, 8, 87 -98.
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Shaping curved steel rod structures. Technical Transactions. 2018; 8 ():87-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2018. "Shaping curved steel rod structures." Technical Transactions 8, no. : 87-98.
The use of perspective images, especially historical photographs for retrieving information about presented architectural environment is a fast developing field recently. The photography image is a perspective image with secure geometrical connection with reality, therefore it is possible to reverse this process. The aim of the herby study is establishing requirements which a photographic perspective representation should meet for a reconstruction purpose, as well as determination of base elements of perspective such as a horizon line and a circle of depth, which is a key issue in any reconstruction. The starting point in the reconstruction process is geometrical analysis of the photograph, especially determination of the kind of perspective projection applied, which is defined by the building location towards a projection plane. Next, proper constructions can be used. The paper addresses the problem of establishing base elements of perspective on the basis of the photograph image in the case when camera calibration is impossible to establish. It presents different geometric construction methods selected dependently on the starting assumptions. Therefore, the methods described in the paper seem to be universal. Moreover, they can be used even in the case of poor quality photographs with poor perspective geometry. Such constructions can be realized with computer aid when the photographs are in digital form as it is presented in the paper. The accuracy of the applied methods depends on the photography image accuracy, as well as drawing accuracy, however, it is sufficient for further reconstruction. Establishing base elements of perspective presented in the paper is especially useful in difficult cases of reconstruction, when one lacks information about reconstructed architectural form and it is necessary to lean on solid geometry.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Establishing Base Elements of Perspective in Order to Reconstruct Architectural Buildings from Photographs. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017, 95, 32022 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Establishing Base Elements of Perspective in Order to Reconstruct Architectural Buildings from Photographs. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017; 95 (3):32022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2017. "Establishing Base Elements of Perspective in Order to Reconstruct Architectural Buildings from Photographs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 95, no. 3: 32022.
The city is formed as a mosaic of various elements which affect its attractiveness. These elements range from location attributes, through economic opportunities, to social aspects. Therefore, urbanity and urban planning should be considered in a multi-dimensional context. In the paper we address the problem of urban planning by Le Corbusier according to praxeological and system knowledge. From praxeological point of view an active human being takes his/her choice between various possibilities by preferring one of these possibilities to the others, and by manifesting it by her actions. The same applies to the design process. Due to this fact, the scientific design process can be treated as a systematic rational reconstruction of the designer's behaviour. Such a reconstruction requires previous reflection on designer's work, as well as some consideration and design experience, thus know-how knowledge based on methodological knowledge. In the paper several city visions of Le Corbusier, as well as the characteristics and organisation of his design process are analysed. Le Corbusier's innovative design ideas resulted from industrialisation changes and motorisation accelerating progress, which gave foundation to a new urban array. This array based on strict geometric forms, regularity and repetition determining standard. Thanks to his theories, Le Corbusier established principles of modern city construction and planning. Although some doubts were expressed as to the scale of centralisation of the cities designed by him and his class-based conception, he was awarded that overall welfare of the individual living in a city was the quality of built environment. Therefore, his designed creations were not only functional but they also produced emotions. The analysis of his prolific design activities allows us to state that the organisation of his architectural and urban planning process was very efficient and complex. The city concepts proposed by him were the subject of analysis by generations of designers. Also now, they can still be the basis for modelling virtual and navigable cities by modern planners. Le Corbusier's comprehensive approach to modern city planning showed that research activities, that is theoretical thinking, and production activities, that is practice, are linked methodically. Therefore, urban planning should be understood not only as a projection of the possibilities of architecture, but as a multidisciplinary process. Due to this fact, an urban plan, as a result of that process, should be a synthesis of various social, industrial and economic aspects.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska; Aleksandra Prokopska. Urban Planning by Le Corbusier According to Praxeological Knowledge. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017, 95, 052007 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska, Aleksandra Prokopska. Urban Planning by Le Corbusier According to Praxeological Knowledge. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017; 95 (5):052007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska; Aleksandra Prokopska. 2017. "Urban Planning by Le Corbusier According to Praxeological Knowledge." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 95, no. 5: 052007.
The aim of this study is to develop an efficient and practical method of a direct mapping of a panoramic projection on an unfolded prism and pyramid polyhedral projection surface with the aid of a computer. Due to the fact that straight lines very often appear in any architectural form we formulate algorithms which utilize data about lines and draw panoramas as plots of functions in Mathcad software. The ability to draw panoramic images of lines enables drawing a wireframe image of an architectural object. The application of the multicenter projection, as well as the idea of shadow construction in the panoramic representation, aims at achieving a panoramic image close to human perception. The algorithms are universal as the application of changeable base elements of panoramic projection—horizon height, station point location, number of polyhedral walls—enables drawing panoramic images from various viewing positions. However, for more efficient and easier drawing, the algorithms should be implemented in some graphical package. The representation presented in the paper and the method of its direct mapping on a flat unfolded projection surface can find application in the presentation of architectural spaces in advertising and art when drawings are displayed on polyhedral surfaces and can be observed from multiple viewing positions.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Computer-Aided Panoramic Images Enriched by Shadow Construction on a Prism and Pyramid Polyhedral Surface. Symmetry 2017, 9, 214 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Computer-Aided Panoramic Images Enriched by Shadow Construction on a Prism and Pyramid Polyhedral Surface. Symmetry. 2017; 9 (10):214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2017. "Computer-Aided Panoramic Images Enriched by Shadow Construction on a Prism and Pyramid Polyhedral Surface." Symmetry 9, no. 10: 214.
Historical photographs are proved to be very useful to provide a dimensional and geometrical analysis of buildings as well as to generate 3D reconstruction of the whole structure. The paper addresses the problem of single historical photograph analysis and modelling of an architectural object from it. Especially, it focuses on reconstruction of the original look of New-Town synagogue from the single historic photograph, when camera calibration is completely unknown. Due to the fact that the photograph faithfully followed the geometric rules of perspective, it was possible to develop and apply the method to obtain a correct 3D reconstruction of the building. The modelling process consisted of a series of familiar steps: feature extraction, determination of base elements of perspective, dimensional analyses and 3D reconstruction. Simple formulas were proposed in order to estimate location of characteristic points of the building in 3D Cartesian system of axes on the base of their location in 2D Cartesian system of axes. The reconstruction process proceeded well, although slight corrections were necessary. It was possible to reconstruct the shape of the building in general, and two of its facades in detail. The reconstruction of the other two facades requires some additional information or the additional picture. The success of the presented reconstruction method depends on the geometrical content of the photograph as well as quality of the picture, which ensures the legibility of building edges. The presented method of reconstruction is a combination of the descriptive method of reconstruction and computer aid; therefore, it seems to be universal. It can prove useful for single-image-based modelling architecture.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Single-image-based Modelling Architecture from a Historical Photograph. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 062015 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Single-image-based Modelling Architecture from a Historical Photograph. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (6):062015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2017. "Single-image-based Modelling Architecture from a Historical Photograph." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 6: 062015.
The aim of the herby study is to develop a method of direct and practical mapping of perspective on an unfolded prism polyhedral projection surface. The considered perspective representation is a rectilinear central projection onto a surface composed of several flat elements. In the paper two descriptive methods of drawing perspective are presented: direct and indirect. The graphical mapping of the effects of the representation is realized directly on the unfolded flat projection surface. That is due to the projective and graphical connection between points displayed on the polyhedral background and their counterparts received on the unfolded flat surface. For a significant improvement of the construction of line, analytical algorithms are formulated. They draw a perspective image of a segment of line passing through two different points determined by their coordinates in a spatial coordinate system of axis x, y, z. Compared to other perspective construction methods that use information about points, for computer vision and the computer aided design, our algorithms utilize data about lines, which are applied very often in architectural forms. Possibility of drawing lines in the considered perspective enables drawing an edge perspective image of an architectural object. The application of the changeable base elements of perspective as a horizon height and a station point location enable drawing perspective image from different viewing positions. The analytical algorithms for drawing perspective images are formulated in Mathcad software, however, they can be implemented in the majority of computer graphical packages, which can make drawing perspective more efficient and easier. The representation presented in the paper and the way of its direct mapping on the flat unfolded projection surface can find application in presentation of architectural space in advertisement and art.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Descriptive and Computer Aided Drawing Perspective on an Unfolded Polyhedral Projection Surface. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 062001 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Descriptive and Computer Aided Drawing Perspective on an Unfolded Polyhedral Projection Surface. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (6):062001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2017. "Descriptive and Computer Aided Drawing Perspective on an Unfolded Polyhedral Projection Surface." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 6: 062001.
The aim of the study is to develop a method of computer aided constructing conical perspective of an architectural object, which is close to human perception. The conical perspective considered in the paper is a central projection onto a projection surface being a conical rotary surface or a fragment of it. Whereas, the centre of projection is a stationary point or a point moving on a circular path. The graphical mapping results of the perspective representation is realized directly on an unrolled flat projection surface. The projective relation between a range of points on a line and the perspective image of the same range of points received on a cylindrical projection surface permitted to derive formulas for drawing perspective. Next, the analytical algorithms for drawing perspective image of a straight line passing through any two points were formulated. It enabled drawing a perspective wireframe image of a given 3D object. The use of the moving view point as well as the application of the changeable base elements of perspective as the variables in the algorithms enable drawing conical perspective from different viewing positions. Due to this fact, the perspective drawing method is universal. The algorithms are formulated and tested in Mathcad Professional software, but can be implemented in AutoCAD and majority of computer graphical packages, which makes drawing a perspective image more efficient and easier. The presented conical perspective representation, and the convenient method of its mapping directly on the flat unrolled surface can find application for numerous advertisement and art presentations.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Conical Perspective Image of an Architectural Object Close to Human Perception. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 052099 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Conical Perspective Image of an Architectural Object Close to Human Perception. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (5):052099.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2017. "Conical Perspective Image of an Architectural Object Close to Human Perception." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 5: 052099.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Reconstructing Architectural Environment from the Perspective Image. Procedia Engineering 2016, 161, 1445 -1451.
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Reconstructing Architectural Environment from the Perspective Image. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 161 ():1445-1451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2016. "Reconstructing Architectural Environment from the Perspective Image." Procedia Engineering 161, no. : 1445-1451.
The use of panoramic images for retrieving information about presented architectural environment is a fast developing field recently. The aim of the herby paper was developing an effective method of reconstruction of the architectural forms from their single panoramic image as well as establishing requirements which panoramic presentation should meet for the restitution purpose. The reconstruction attempt presented in the paper is the conjunction of the descriptive method and computer aid. The starting point in reconstruction process was determination of the base elements of panoramic projection as a horizon line and a base circle, which can be establish in a descriptive way on a flat panorama. Next, the simple formulas were proposed for calculation of 3D coordinates of the characteristic points of the objects given in their 2D unfolded panoramic image. The points established by their spatial coordinates defined lines which in term determined edge models of the presented forms. Presented method of reconstruction seems to be universal and can be useful for restitution of different forms of the panoramic presentation; paintings and photographs. The study shows that reconstructing architectural environment from the single panoramic image mostly depends on the image's content and an initial assumption. It is not always an easy process, however, possible in some cases.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Reconstructing Architectural Environment from a Panoramic Image. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016, 44, 042028 .
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Reconstructing Architectural Environment from a Panoramic Image. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2016; 44 (4):042028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2016. "Reconstructing Architectural Environment from a Panoramic Image." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44, no. 4: 042028.
Jolanta Dzwierzynska. Direct Construction of an Inverse Panorama from a Moving View Point. Procedia Engineering 2016, 161, 1608 -1614.
AMA StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. Direct Construction of an Inverse Panorama from a Moving View Point. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 161 ():1608-1614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Dzwierzynska. 2016. "Direct Construction of an Inverse Panorama from a Moving View Point." Procedia Engineering 161, no. : 1608-1614.