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The cliff coastline of the central region of Asturias (N Spain) is severely affected by terrain instabilities, causing considerable damage to properties and infrastructures every year. In this study, we applied the A-DInSAR technique based on Sentinel-1 imagery to map and monitor active slopes in an emblematic rocky area of the Asturian coast: the Peñas Cape. The A-DInSAR dataset analysis has been focused at regional and local scales. For the local scale assessment, six areas were selected based on previous work and the landslide database of the Principality of Asturias region (BAPA-Base de datos de Argayos del Principado de Asturias), created by the University of Oviedo. The processing of the data has been performed using two independent sets of processing tools: the PSIG software tools, a professional tool and, the GEP service, an unsupervised platform. The dataset consisted of 113 SAR IW-SLC images acquired by the Sentinel-1 A/B satellites between January 2018 and February 2020. LOS mean deformation velocity maps (mm year−1) and deformation time series (mm) were obtained by PSIG and GEP software, allowing coastal areas with landslide incidence and other terrain movements to be distinguished. Deformation motion has been estimated from PSIG VLOS rates to be from −17.1 to 37.4 mm year−1 and GEP VLOS rates from −23.0–38.3 mm year−1. According to deformation time series (mm), the minimum and maximum accumulated displacements are −68.5–78.8 and −48.8–77.0 mm by means of PSIG and GEP, respectively. These ground motions could be associated with coastal instabilities related to marine activity and coastal retreat, both at regional and local study scales. The main contributions of this work are: (1) the demonstration of the potential of A-DInSAR techniques to evaluate coastal instabilities in a coastal retreat context and (2) the comparison of the results provided by the two sets of tools, which allowed the ground motion to be assessed by using an unsupervised approach vs. a contrasted one (robust software). This study increases the knowledge about coastal instabilities and other ground movements along the rocky coast and cliffs of Central Asturias. As a conclusion for the future, we believe that this work highlights the evaluated methods as significant tools to support the management of coastal territories with jagged and rocky coastlines.
José Cuervas-Mons; María Domínguez-Cuesta; Félix Mateos Redondo; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Pablo Valenzuela; Montserrat Jiménez-Sánchez. Sentinel-1 Data Processing for Detecting and Monitoring of Ground Instabilities in the Rocky Coast of Central Asturias (N Spain). Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3076 .
AMA StyleJosé Cuervas-Mons, María Domínguez-Cuesta, Félix Mateos Redondo, Anna Barra, Oriol Monserrat, Pablo Valenzuela, Montserrat Jiménez-Sánchez. Sentinel-1 Data Processing for Detecting and Monitoring of Ground Instabilities in the Rocky Coast of Central Asturias (N Spain). Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Cuervas-Mons; María Domínguez-Cuesta; Félix Mateos Redondo; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Pablo Valenzuela; Montserrat Jiménez-Sánchez. 2021. "Sentinel-1 Data Processing for Detecting and Monitoring of Ground Instabilities in the Rocky Coast of Central Asturias (N Spain)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3076.
The Geomatics Division of the Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) has been producing terrain displacement maps for more than 15 years using the PSIG software chain, developed entirely by the members of the aforesaid group. PSIG has reached a high level of maturity, being highly automated but also offering the user the possibility to fine-tune the set of critical parameters controlling the process. However, large areas with a high level of diversity often pose problems in finding a good quality solution using a single set of parameters. Improving the quality of the final terrain displacement map means being able to process very local and critical areas using specific sets of parameters; however, identifying such areas is a difficult process without suitable analysis tools. The VETools, a new software project still under development, but very close to its completion, target this problem. With the VETools it is possible to visualize the results produced by a previous PSIG global processing, analysing their quality, thus making possible to identify the local, critical areas, allowing the user to interactively experiment with specific sets of parameters for these areas, reprocessing them and reviewing the local results as many times as desired and, finally, merging all of them in a single, unique solution whose level of quality is appropriate for the whole area of interest. This work presents the current state of development of the VETools, describing their features and the challenges overcome.
J. A. Navarro; A. Barra; O. Monserrat; M. Crosetto. USING TAILORED GRAPHICAL TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DISPLACEMENT MAPS AT CTTC: THE VETOOLS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2021, XLIII-B3-2, 163 -169.
AMA StyleJ. A. Navarro, A. Barra, O. Monserrat, M. Crosetto. USING TAILORED GRAPHICAL TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DISPLACEMENT MAPS AT CTTC: THE VETOOLS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2021; XLIII-B3-2 ():163-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. A. Navarro; A. Barra; O. Monserrat; M. Crosetto. 2021. "USING TAILORED GRAPHICAL TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DISPLACEMENT MAPS AT CTTC: THE VETOOLS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 163-169.
This paper is focused on the design, implementation and testing of an active reflector, to be used to support deformation monitoring studies based on Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry. The device is designed to work in C-band with Sentinel-1 data, operating at 5.405 GHz ± 50 MHz. A brief description of the active reflector is provided. It consists of two antennas and an amplifying section. The active reflector has been tested in different experiments. In this paper, we describe the experiment carried out in the Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia (Castelldefels, Barcelona). The result shows a strong correlation with temperature. A calibration test was carried out to experimentally derive a calibration curve to correct the effect of temperature on phase stability.
Y. Wassie; M. Crosetto; G. Luzi; O. Monserrat; A. Barra; R. Palamá; M. Cuevas-González; S. M. Mirmazloumi; P. Espín-López; B. Crippa. ACTIVE REFLECTORS FOR INTERFEROMETRIC SAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2021, XLIII-B3-2, 177 -182.
AMA StyleY. Wassie, M. Crosetto, G. Luzi, O. Monserrat, A. Barra, R. Palamá, M. Cuevas-González, S. M. Mirmazloumi, P. Espín-López, B. Crippa. ACTIVE REFLECTORS FOR INTERFEROMETRIC SAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2021; XLIII-B3-2 ():177-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. Wassie; M. Crosetto; G. Luzi; O. Monserrat; A. Barra; R. Palamá; M. Cuevas-González; S. M. Mirmazloumi; P. Espín-López; B. Crippa. 2021. "ACTIVE REFLECTORS FOR INTERFEROMETRIC SAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 177-182.
Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and high probability of occurrence on steep slopes close to limit equilibrium conditions, which are often found both in open pits and in waste and tailing disposal facilities. The development of slope monitoring and modeling programs usually entails the exploitation of in situ and remote sensing data, together with the application of numerical modeling, and it plays an important role in the definition of prevention and mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the impact of slope failures in mining areas. In this paper, a new methodology is presented; one that combines satellite radar interferometry and 2D finite element modeling for slope stability analysis at a regional scale, and applied within slope unit polygons. Although the literature includes many studies applying radar interferometry and modeling for slope stability analysis, the addition of slope units as input data for radar interferometry and modeling purposes has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported. A former mining area in southeast Spain was studied, and the method proved useful for detecting and characterizing a large number of unstable slopes. Out of the 1959 slope units used for the spatial analysis of the radar interferometry data, 43 were unstable, with varying values of safety factor and landslide size. Out of the 43 active slope units, 21 exhibited line of sight velocities greater than the maximum error obtained through validation analysis (2.5 cm/year). Finally, this work discusses the possibility of using the results of the proposed approach to devise a proxy for landslide hazard. The proposed methodology can help to provide non-expert final users with intelligible, clear, and easily comparable information to analyze slope instabilities in different settings, and not limited to mining areas.
Juan López-Vinielles; José Fernández-Merodo; Pablo Ezquerro; Juan García-Davalillo; Roberto Sarro; Cristina Reyes-Carmona; Anna Barra; José Navarro; Vrinda Krishnakumar; Massimiliano Alvioli; Gerardo Herrera. Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2008 .
AMA StyleJuan López-Vinielles, José Fernández-Merodo, Pablo Ezquerro, Juan García-Davalillo, Roberto Sarro, Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Anna Barra, José Navarro, Vrinda Krishnakumar, Massimiliano Alvioli, Gerardo Herrera. Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (10):2008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan López-Vinielles; José Fernández-Merodo; Pablo Ezquerro; Juan García-Davalillo; Roberto Sarro; Cristina Reyes-Carmona; Anna Barra; José Navarro; Vrinda Krishnakumar; Massimiliano Alvioli; Gerardo Herrera. 2021. "Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10: 2008.
Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) is a group of advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques used to measure and monitor terrain deformation. Sentinel-1 has improved the data acquisition throughout and, compared to previous sensors, increased considerably the differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR) and PSI deformation monitoring potential. The low density of persistent scatterer (PS) in non-urban areas is a critical issue in DInSAR and has inspired the development of alternative approaches and refinement of the PS chains. This paper proposes two different and complementary data-driven procedures to obtain terrain deformation maps. These approaches aim to exploit Sentinel-1 highly coherent interferograms and their short revisit time. The first approach, called direct integration (DI), aims at providing a very fast and straightforward approach to screen-wide areas and easily detects active areas. This approach fully exploits the coherent interferograms from consecutive images provided by Sentinel-1, resulting in a very high sampling density. However, it lacks robustness and its usability lays on the operator experience. The second method, called persistent scatterer interferometry geomatics (PSIG) short temporal baseline, provides a constrained application of the PSIG chain, the CTTC approach to the PSI. It uses short temporal baseline interferograms and does not assume any deformation model for point selection. It is also quite a straightforward approach, which improves the performances of the standard PSIG approach, increasing the PS density and providing robust measurements. The effectiveness of the approaches is illustrated through analyses performed on different test sites.
Vrinda Krishnakumar; Zhiwei Qiu; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Juan López-Vinielles; Cristina Reyes-Carmona; Qi Gao; Maria Cuevas-González; Riccardo Palamà; Bruno Crippa; Jose Gili. Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR Approaches to Map and Monitor Ground Displacements. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1120 .
AMA StyleVrinda Krishnakumar, Zhiwei Qiu, Oriol Monserrat, Anna Barra, Juan López-Vinielles, Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Qi Gao, Maria Cuevas-González, Riccardo Palamà, Bruno Crippa, Jose Gili. Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR Approaches to Map and Monitor Ground Displacements. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (6):1120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVrinda Krishnakumar; Zhiwei Qiu; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Juan López-Vinielles; Cristina Reyes-Carmona; Qi Gao; Maria Cuevas-González; Riccardo Palamà; Bruno Crippa; Jose Gili. 2021. "Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR Approaches to Map and Monitor Ground Displacements." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6: 1120.
This contribution describes the objectives and the tasks carried out within HEIMDALL, a four-years European project (H2020), whose general aim was to assist the management of emergencies related to fires, flooding and land movements. In particular the authors focus on the tools developed in the case of the landslide’s scenario, using spaceborne and Ground Based radar interferometry. The core of the architecture of HEIMDALL is a system platform which collects data obtained through simulation, Earth Observation images and in-situ sensors measurements to provide updated information and support the activities of several actors involved in disaster management (preparedness, response, and recovery). A multi-hazard Cooperative Management, for Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building is the rationale of the final product. Concerning the landslides case, two products are integrated as external data sources. The first one is a map of the Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected through the DInSAR processing technique, using a set of SAR images acquired every 6 days by the satellite Sentinel-1, this product allows the identification and characterization of potential landslides at a regional scale. The second one operates at a local scale; it includes deformation maps covering single slopes obtained through a Ground Based SAR system installed in-situ. This last tool is proposed to provide both continuous and discontinuous (periodical) monitoring for the assessment and updating of the scenario of risk (together with model based on meteorological parameters and simulations) and supporting the recovery phase. HEIMDALL guarantees an information access and sharing among the involved stakeholders, including the population and the first responders on the field. The possibility to integrate data coming from different techniques improves the real time understanding of the situation and, by using advanced multi-hazard methods, allows to develop realistic multi-disciplinary scenarios of risk, vulnerability assessment, information sharing and emergency response. The main added value of using the HEIMDALL service platform results in a valuable, direct, situation assessment which can strength the decision tools.
Guido Luzi; José Antonio Navarro; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Michele Crosetto. HEIMDALL: a H2020 project aimed at developing a multi-hazard Cooperative Management, Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building tool: the landslides case. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGuido Luzi, José Antonio Navarro, Anna Barra, Oriol Monserrat, Michele Crosetto. HEIMDALL: a H2020 project aimed at developing a multi-hazard Cooperative Management, Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building tool: the landslides case. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuido Luzi; José Antonio Navarro; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Michele Crosetto. 2021. "HEIMDALL: a H2020 project aimed at developing a multi-hazard Cooperative Management, Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building tool: the landslides case." , no. : 1.
Here we show and discuss the first results arising from the SAVEMEDCOASTS-2 Project (Sea Level Rise Scenarios along the Mediterranean Coasts - 2, funded by the European Commission ECHO), which aims to respond to the need for people and assets prevention from natural disasters in the Mediterranean coastal zones placed at less than 1 m above sea level, which are vulnerable to the combined effect of sea-level rise and land subsidence.
We use geodetic data from global navigation satellite system (GNSS), synthetic aperture radar interferometric measurements (InSAR), Lidar and tide gauge data, and the latest IPCC - SROCC projections of sea-level rise released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, to estimate the Relative Sea Level Rise to realize marine flooding scenarios expected for 2100 AD in six targeted areas of the Mediterranean region.
We focus on the Ebro (Spain), Rhone (France), and Nile (Egypt) river deltas; the reclamation area of Basento (Italy), the coastal plain of Thessaloniki (Greece), and the Venice lagoon (Italy). Results, from Copernicus Sentinel-1A (S1A) and Sentinel-1B (S1B) sensors, highlighted the variable spatial rates of land subsidence up to some cm/yr in most of the investigated areas representing a relevant driver of local SLR. All the investigated zones show valuable coastal infrastructures and natural reserves where SLR and land subsidence are exacerbating coastal retreat, land flooding, and storm surges.
The hazard implications for the population living along the shore should push land planners and decision-makers to take into account scenarios similar to that reported in this study for cognizant coastal management.
Michele Crosetto; Marco Anzidei; Giovanna Forlenza; José Navarro; Petros Patias; Charalampos Georgiadis; Fawzi Doumaz; Maria Lucia Trivigno; Antonio Falciano; Michele Greco; Enrico Serpelloni; Antonio Vecchio; Qi Gao; Anna Barra. Land subsidence and sea-level rise for six coastal zones of the Mediterranean region: implications for flooding scenarios for 2100 from the SAVEMEDCOASTS-2 project. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMichele Crosetto, Marco Anzidei, Giovanna Forlenza, José Navarro, Petros Patias, Charalampos Georgiadis, Fawzi Doumaz, Maria Lucia Trivigno, Antonio Falciano, Michele Greco, Enrico Serpelloni, Antonio Vecchio, Qi Gao, Anna Barra. Land subsidence and sea-level rise for six coastal zones of the Mediterranean region: implications for flooding scenarios for 2100 from the SAVEMEDCOASTS-2 project. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Crosetto; Marco Anzidei; Giovanna Forlenza; José Navarro; Petros Patias; Charalampos Georgiadis; Fawzi Doumaz; Maria Lucia Trivigno; Antonio Falciano; Michele Greco; Enrico Serpelloni; Antonio Vecchio; Qi Gao; Anna Barra. 2021. "Land subsidence and sea-level rise for six coastal zones of the Mediterranean region: implications for flooding scenarios for 2100 from the SAVEMEDCOASTS-2 project." , no. : 1.
Geological hazards related to ground movements are difficult to assess at a regional scale due the lack of detailed information on the occurrence of the phenomena and the large number of potential vulnerable elements in the territory. Therefore, progress in analyzes at the regional scale can be a very useful tool for risk management.
This work, developed in the Alt Urgell and La Cerdanya counties (Catalunya, NE Spain) has served as the basis for the geological risk identification associated with ground movements. The methodology is based on the use of the Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by medium resolution radar satellite interferometry (Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B). The goal is to obtain a quick and semi-automatically classification of the ADAs according to the probable geological phenomena origin (landslides, rockfalls and subsidence).
This ADA classification is based on current data (DTM and geology) and easy to implement with GIS, takes in account: (i), landslide inventories, to allow the direct validation of the geological phenomenon; (ii) geology -information of the geological units type-; (iii) slope terrain -morphology-, determines the classification of the movement cause, depending on the slope, they are more or less prone to the generation of geological phenomena (e.g. slopes <35º: landslides); and (iv) land uses, determines the potential impact on vulnerable areas (e.g. high, in urbanized areas; low, in natural environments). This methodology provides an ADA first geological susceptibility categorization that allows optimizing and prioritizing efforts in detailed geological and geomorphological characterization works.
The clustering of scattering points gave a result of 361 ADA (over an area of around 2,000 km2), 145 was classified as potentially generated by a geological phenomenon (126 susceptible to landslides, 7 as rockfalls, 7 as subsidence and 5 as landslides or rockfalls) and 215 were classified as other causes.
Ideally, validation is based on contrasting the ADA with actual inventory data. However, the lack of complete and exhaustive inventories require validation based on classic methods such as photointerpretation and field work. All areas were checked by means of geomorphological analysis to ensure their susceptibility: 143 has identified as caused by geological phenomena, 153 has related with geological depositional process (rocky ground) and 65 has discarded.
This work has been supported by the European Commission under the Interreg V-A-POCTEFA programme (grant no. Mompa – EFA295/19).
Ivan Fabregat; Jaume Casanovas; Jordi Marturià; Pere Buxó; Anna Barra. Semi-automated assessment of geological phenomena of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by radar interferometry in Alt Urgell and Cerdanya, Catalonia (Spain). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIvan Fabregat, Jaume Casanovas, Jordi Marturià, Pere Buxó, Anna Barra. Semi-automated assessment of geological phenomena of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by radar interferometry in Alt Urgell and Cerdanya, Catalonia (Spain). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Fabregat; Jaume Casanovas; Jordi Marturià; Pere Buxó; Anna Barra. 2021. "Semi-automated assessment of geological phenomena of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by radar interferometry in Alt Urgell and Cerdanya, Catalonia (Spain)." , no. : 1.
The MOMPA project (MOnitorización de Movimientos del terreno y Protocolo de Actuación - MOnitoring of ground Movements and Action Protocol) has been 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. The study area of the project is in the Eastern Pyrenees, covering the whole Principality of Andorra, the Spanish areas of Alt Urgell and Cerdanya (Catalonia) and the French areas of Cerdanya-Capcir and Conflent (Occitanie). The aim of the Project is to provide a useful technical-operational tool for risk prevention and management, at a cross-border level, based on satellite DInSAR technique monitoring of ground movements. The tool includes two main elements: the assessment of the risk associated with active phenomena that affect structures and infrastructures; and the integration of the technique in an action protocol for Civil Protections. The results will be transferred to Civil Protections (associated partners of the project) and other organizations, such as local and regional Public Authorities.
The study area presents one main critical issue: it is not an easy area for what concerns the radar response. This means that the obtainable results in terms of displacement map (velocity map and time series of deformation), which is the main input of the project, can be strongly limited. A second issue is the variability of the available data (e.g. landslide inventory, geology, DEM) between Andorra, Spain, and France. In General, landslides inventories are not complete or exhaustive and do not cover areas far from human structures.
The project will face the risk assessment starting from the interregional scale displacement map (covering around 15,000 km2) and the extracted Active Deformation Areas (ADA), as inputs to then select movements with potential risk where focus the analysis at a local scale, based on traditional method (basically photointerpretation and field work). Both the medium-resolution, free data, acquired by Sentinel-1 and the high-resolution data acquired by COSMO-SkyMed will be used, the results will be compared and evaluated.
Moreover, the project focuses his attention on the specific case of “la Portalada” (in Andorra). This is a huge landslide that occurred on August 2019. Today, there is a slow movement up slope that could affect a main road located in the bottom of the valley . Because of the high interest for the local authorities to monitor and characterize the current movement of the slope located upper to the landslide scar eight passive and one active corner reflectors have been installed along the steep forested slope. The data obtained will be integrated in the prevention risk protocol.
The project started the 1st of December 2019 and will finish in May 2022. The aim of this work is to present the project and the first results achieved through satellite interferometry.
Anna Barra; Jordi Marturià; Ramon Copons; Muriel Gasc; Ivan Fabregat; Pere Buxó; Nathalie Dufour; Lucile Pigeot; Xavier Colell; Laura Trapero; Michele Crosetto. MOMPA Project: interregional DInSAR monitoring and action protocol in the Eastern Pyrenees. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAnna Barra, Jordi Marturià, Ramon Copons, Muriel Gasc, Ivan Fabregat, Pere Buxó, Nathalie Dufour, Lucile Pigeot, Xavier Colell, Laura Trapero, Michele Crosetto. MOMPA Project: interregional DInSAR monitoring and action protocol in the Eastern Pyrenees. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Barra; Jordi Marturià; Ramon Copons; Muriel Gasc; Ivan Fabregat; Pere Buxó; Nathalie Dufour; Lucile Pigeot; Xavier Colell; Laura Trapero; Michele Crosetto. 2021. "MOMPA Project: interregional DInSAR monitoring and action protocol in the Eastern Pyrenees." , no. : 1.
The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique is being more and more used at all scale’s applications. Several regional and national Ground Motions Services based on PSI are nowadays active and operational. The European Ground Motion Service project is going to generate a displacement map over the whole Europe once per year. This context makes indispensable tools and methodologies that facilitate the management and analysis of huge amount of data and information. The ADATools are a set of tools that can be considered a first step in this direction, they are simple and fast tools to firstly extract and make a preliminary interpretation of the main detected Active Deformation Areas (ADA). The ADATools includes: i. the ADAFinder, detecting the main ADA and giving information for each polygon as well as a Quality Index (representing the noise of time series of deformation); ii. the LOS2hv, that is used in case we have datasets from both ascending and descending geometries to derive the horizontal (east-west) and vertical components of the movement; and iii. the ADAClassifier, that makes a preliminary classification of the ADA between landslide, subsidence, settlement, and sinkholes, based on available external data (i.e., DEM, geology, inventories, infrastructures). In this presentation, the algorithm, and performances of the ADATools are presented and some results of their application are showed. Specifically, some results over an area of the Granada Province (S Spain), achieved in the framework of the Project RISKCOAST (funded by the IV Interreg Sudoe Programme through the European Regional Development Fund), will be used to illustrate ADATools performance.
Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Cristina Reyes; Roberto Tomas; Jose Navarro; Jorge Pedro Galve; Lorenzo Solari; Roberto Sarro; Jose Miguel Azañon; Juan Antonio Luque; Rosa María Mateos. ADATools for Persistent Scatterer Interferometry based displacement maps analysis: an example in Granada Province (Spain). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOriol Monserrat, Anna Barra, Cristina Reyes, Roberto Tomas, Jose Navarro, Jorge Pedro Galve, Lorenzo Solari, Roberto Sarro, Jose Miguel Azañon, Juan Antonio Luque, Rosa María Mateos. ADATools for Persistent Scatterer Interferometry based displacement maps analysis: an example in Granada Province (Spain). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Cristina Reyes; Roberto Tomas; Jose Navarro; Jorge Pedro Galve; Lorenzo Solari; Roberto Sarro; Jose Miguel Azañon; Juan Antonio Luque; Rosa María Mateos. 2021. "ADATools for Persistent Scatterer Interferometry based displacement maps analysis: an example in Granada Province (Spain)." , no. : 1.
Subsurface mining is one of the human activities with the highest impact in terms of induced ground motion. The excavation of the mining layers creates a geotechnically and hydrogeologically unstable context. The generation of chimney collapses and sinkholes is the most evident surface consequence of underground mining which, in general, creates the optimal conditions for the development of subsidence bowls. Considering this, the need for ground motion monitoring tools is evident. Topographic measurements have been the obvious choice for many years. Nowadays, the flourishing of Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry (MTInSAR) algorithms and techniques offers a new way to measure ground motion in mining areas. MTInSAR fully covers the accuracy requirements asked by mining companies and authorities, adding new potentialities in term of area coverage and number of measurement points. The technique has some intrinsic limitations in mining areas, e.g. coherence loss, but the algorithms are being pushed to their technical limits in order to provide the best coverage and quality of measures.
This work presents a detailed scale MTInSAR approach designed to characterize ground deformation in the salt solution mining area of Saline di Volterra (Tuscany Region, central Italy). In summary, salt solution mining consists in the injection at the depth of interest of a dissolving fluid and in the extraction of the resultant saturated brine. In Saline di Volterra, this mining activity created ground motion, sinkholes and groundwater depletion. The MTInSAR processing approach used is based on the direct integration of interferograms derived from Sentinel-1 images and on the phase splitting between low and high frequency components. Phase unwrapping is separately performed for the two components that are then recombined to avoid error accumulation. Before generating the final deformation map, a classical atmospheric phase filtering is applied to remove the residual low frequency signal. The results obtained reveal the presence of several subsidence bowls, sometimes corresponding to sinkholes formed in the recent past. These moving areas register velocities up to -250 mm/yr with different spatial and temporal patterns according to the distribution and age of formation of sinkholes. This is the first time an interferometric analysis is performed here. It is hoped that such information could increase the awareness of local entities on the ground effects induced by this mining activity.
Lorenzo Solari; Roberto Montalti; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Silvia Bianchini; Michele Crosetto. Ground motion detection in a salt solution mining area, an application of Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLorenzo Solari, Roberto Montalti, Anna Barra, Oriol Monserrat, Silvia Bianchini, Michele Crosetto. Ground motion detection in a salt solution mining area, an application of Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Solari; Roberto Montalti; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Silvia Bianchini; Michele Crosetto. 2021. "Ground motion detection in a salt solution mining area, an application of Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry." , no. : 1.
In this work, the A-DInSAR techniques are applied in a mountainous area located in the Central South of Asturias (N Spain), where there are significant landslide and subsidence phenomena. The main aim of this study is detecting and analysing ground deformations associated to slope instabilities and subsidence processes. For this, 113 SAR images, provided by Sentinel-1A/B between January 2018 and February 2020, were acquired and processed by means of PSIG software (developed by the Geomatics Division of the CTTC). The results show a velocity range between -18.4 and 10.0 mm/year, and minimum and maximum accumulated ground displacements of -35.0 and 17.5 mm. This study has made possible to differentiate local sectors with recent deformation related to landslide incidence, urban/mining subsidence, and land recuperation due to aquifer recharge. This work corroborates the reliability and usefulness of the A-DInSAR processing as a powerful tool in the study and analysis of geological hazards on regional and local scales using Sentinel-1 data collection, showing also the high difficulty of processing mountainous areas with few urban sectors.
Jose Cuervas-Mons; María José Domínguez-Cuesta; Félix Mateos-Redondo; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra. Ground motion detection in Central South Asturias (N Spain) by using Sentinel-1 SAR data. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJose Cuervas-Mons, María José Domínguez-Cuesta, Félix Mateos-Redondo, Oriol Monserrat, Anna Barra. Ground motion detection in Central South Asturias (N Spain) by using Sentinel-1 SAR data. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Cuervas-Mons; María José Domínguez-Cuesta; Félix Mateos-Redondo; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra. 2021. "Ground motion detection in Central South Asturias (N Spain) by using Sentinel-1 SAR data." , no. : 1.
Underground mining is one of the human activities with the highest impact in terms of induced ground motion. The excavation of the mining levels creates pillars, rooms and cavities that can evolve in chimney collapses and sinkholes. This is a major threat where the mining activity is carried out in an urban context. Thus, there is a clear need for tools and instruments able to precisely quantify mining-induced deformation. Topographic measurements certainly offer very high spatial accuracy and temporal repeatability, but they lack in spatial distribution of measurement points. In the past decades, Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry (MTInSAR) has become one of the most reliable techniques for monitoring ground motion, including mining-induced deformation. Although with well-known limitations when high deformation rates and frequently changing land surfaces are involved, MTInSAR has been exploited to evaluate the surface motion in several mining area worldwide. In this paper, a detailed scale MTInSAR approach was designed to characterize ground deformation in the salt solution mining area of Saline di Volterra (Tuscany Region, central Italy). This mining activity has a relevant environmental impact, depleting the water resource and inducing ground motion; sinkholes are a common consequence. The MTInSAR processing approach is based on the direct integration of interferograms derived from Sentinel-1 images and on the phase splitting between low (LF) and high (HF) frequency components. Phase unwrapping is performed for the LF and HF components on a set of points selected through a “triplets closure” method. The final deformation map is derived by combining again the components to avoid error accumulation and by applying a classical atmospheric phase filtering to remove the remaining low frequency signal. The results obtained reveal the presence of several subsidence bowls, sometimes corresponding to sinkholes formed in the recent past. Very high deformation rates, up to −250 mm/yr, and time series with clear trend changes are registered. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution of velocities and time series is analyzed, with a focus on the correlation with sinkhole occurrence.
Lorenzo Solari; Roberto Montalti; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Silvia Bianchini; Michele Crosetto. Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry for Fast-Motion Detection: An Application to Salt Solution Mining. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3919 .
AMA StyleLorenzo Solari, Roberto Montalti, Anna Barra, Oriol Monserrat, Silvia Bianchini, Michele Crosetto. Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry for Fast-Motion Detection: An Application to Salt Solution Mining. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Solari; Roberto Montalti; Anna Barra; Oriol Monserrat; Silvia Bianchini; Michele Crosetto. 2020. "Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry for Fast-Motion Detection: An Application to Salt Solution Mining." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3919.
The application of Satellite Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) has become a reliable solution as a tool for mapping and monitoring geohazards. Few years ago, the main applications of these techniques were devoted to science. However, nowadays, the easy access to SAR imagery and the maturity of the techniques to exploit these type of data has widened the user’s spectrum from only scientists to professional and decision makers. The advent of Sentinel-1 satellites has significantly contributed to this achievement. In particular, in the field of geohazard risk management, Sentinel-1 has solved one of the main constraining factors that hindered the operational use of interferometric techniques in the past: the lack of systematic acquisition plans. In this context, Sentinel-1 assures worldwide coverage with short temporal baselines (6 to 24 days). This has supposed a definitive step towards the implementation of DInSAR based techniques to support decision makers against geohazards. In this work, we show the first experiences of the remote sensing unit of the Geological and Mining Survey of Chile (Sernageomin) with Sentinel-1 data. Three different case studies in different areas of the Chilean territory are presented. The examples illustrate how DInSAR based techniques can provide different levels of information about geohazard activity in different environments.
P. Olea; O. Monserrat; C. Sierralta; A. Barra; L. Bono; F. Fuentes; Z. Qiu; B. Crippa. MAPPING AND MONITORING GROUND INSTABILITIES WITH SENTINEL-1 DATA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SERNAGEOMIN. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLII-3/W12, 1 -6.
AMA StyleP. Olea, O. Monserrat, C. Sierralta, A. Barra, L. Bono, F. Fuentes, Z. Qiu, B. Crippa. MAPPING AND MONITORING GROUND INSTABILITIES WITH SENTINEL-1 DATA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SERNAGEOMIN. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLII-3/W12 ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Olea; O. Monserrat; C. Sierralta; A. Barra; L. Bono; F. Fuentes; Z. Qiu; B. Crippa. 2020. "MAPPING AND MONITORING GROUND INSTABILITIES WITH SENTINEL-1 DATA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SERNAGEOMIN." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12, no. : 1-6.
This work describes the set of tools developed, tested, and put into production in the context of the H2020 project Multi-scale Observation and Monitoring of Railway Infrastructure Threats (MOMIT). This project, which ended in 2019, aimed to show how the use of various remote sensing techniques could help to improve the monitoring of railway infrastructures, such as tracks or bridges, and thus, consequently, improve the detection of ground instabilities and facilitate their management. Several lines of work were opened by MOMIT, but the authors of this work concentrated their efforts in the design of tools to help the detection and identification of ground movements using synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) data. The main output of this activity was a set of tools able to detect the areas labelled active deformation areas (ADA), with the highest deformation rates and to connect them to a geological or anthropogenic process. ADAtools is the name given to the aforementioned set of tools. The description of these tools includes the definition of their targets, inputs, and outputs, as well as details on how the correctness of the applications was checked and on the benchmarks showing their performance. The ADAtools include the following applications: ADAfinder, los2hv, ADAclassifier, and THEXfinder. The toolset is targeted at the analysis and interpretation of InSAR results. Ancillary information supports the semi-automatic interpretation and classification process. Two real use-cases illustrating this statement are included at the end of this paper to show the kind of results that may be obtained with the ADAtools.
J. A. Navarro; R. Tomás; A. Barra; J. I. Pagán; C. Reyes-Carmona; L. Solari; J. L. Vinielles; S. Falco; M. Crosetto. ADAtools: Automatic Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas from PSI Displacement Maps. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 584 .
AMA StyleJ. A. Navarro, R. Tomás, A. Barra, J. I. Pagán, C. Reyes-Carmona, L. Solari, J. L. Vinielles, S. Falco, M. Crosetto. ADAtools: Automatic Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas from PSI Displacement Maps. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (10):584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. A. Navarro; R. Tomás; A. Barra; J. I. Pagán; C. Reyes-Carmona; L. Solari; J. L. Vinielles; S. Falco; M. Crosetto. 2020. "ADAtools: Automatic Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas from PSI Displacement Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 10: 584.
This paper is focused on SAR interferometry for deformation monitoring, based on the use of passive and active reflectors. Such reflectors are needed in all cases where a sufficient response from the ground is not available. In particular, the paper describes the development of a low-cost active reflector. This development was carried out in an EU H2020 project called GIMS. The paper summarizes the key characteristics of the developed active reflector. The reflector was tested in two main experiments: the first one located in the campus of CTTC and the second one in a GIMS test site located in Slovenia. The experiments demonstrate the visibility of the active reflectors and provide the first results concerning the phase stability of such devices.
M. Crosetto; G. Luzi; O. Monserrat; A. Barra; M. Cuevas-González; R. Palamá; V. Krishnakumar; Y. Wassie; S. M. Mirmazloumi; P. Espín-López; B. Crippa. DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REFLECTORS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B3-2, 287 -292.
AMA StyleM. Crosetto, G. Luzi, O. Monserrat, A. Barra, M. Cuevas-González, R. Palamá, V. Krishnakumar, Y. Wassie, S. M. Mirmazloumi, P. Espín-López, B. Crippa. DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REFLECTORS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B3-2 ():287-292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Crosetto; G. Luzi; O. Monserrat; A. Barra; M. Cuevas-González; R. Palamá; V. Krishnakumar; Y. Wassie; S. M. Mirmazloumi; P. Espín-López; B. Crippa. 2020. "DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REFLECTORS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 287-292.
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of volcanic rocks reflecting its volcanic evolution. The geological map provided by Geological Survey of Spain at 1:25.000 scale shows more than 109 different lithologies and it is too complex for environmental and engineering purposes. This work presents a simplified geotechnical map with a small number of classes grouping up units with similar geotechnical behaviours. The lithologies were grouped using about 350 rock samples, collected in the seven major islands of the Archipelago. The geotechnical map was used to model rockfall hazard in the entire island of Gran Canaria, where rockfalls are an important threat. The rockfall map was validated with 128 rockfall events along the GC-200 road, located in the NW sector of Gran Canaria. About 96% of the events occurred along sections of the road where the number of expected trajectories is high or moderate.
Roberto Sarro; Rosa María Mateos; Paola Reichenbach; Héctor Aguilera; Adrián Riquelme; Luis Enrique Hernández-Gutiérrez; Alejandro Martín; Anna Barra; Lorenzo Solari; Oriol Monserrat; Massimiliano Alvioli; José Antonio Fernández-Merodo; Juan López-Vinielles; Gerardo Herrera. Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). Journal of Maps 2020, 16, 605 -613.
AMA StyleRoberto Sarro, Rosa María Mateos, Paola Reichenbach, Héctor Aguilera, Adrián Riquelme, Luis Enrique Hernández-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Martín, Anna Barra, Lorenzo Solari, Oriol Monserrat, Massimiliano Alvioli, José Antonio Fernández-Merodo, Juan López-Vinielles, Gerardo Herrera. Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). Journal of Maps. 2020; 16 (2):605-613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Sarro; Rosa María Mateos; Paola Reichenbach; Héctor Aguilera; Adrián Riquelme; Luis Enrique Hernández-Gutiérrez; Alejandro Martín; Anna Barra; Lorenzo Solari; Oriol Monserrat; Massimiliano Alvioli; José Antonio Fernández-Merodo; Juan López-Vinielles; Gerardo Herrera. 2020. "Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain)." Journal of Maps 16, no. 2: 605-613.
Slope failures occur in open-pit mining areas worldwide, producing considerable damage in addition to economic loss. Identifying the triggering factors and detecting unstable slopes and precursory displacements —which can be achieved by exploiting remote sensing data— are critical for reducing their impact. Here we present a methodology that combines digital photogrammetry, satellite radar interferometry, and geo-mechanical modeling, to perform remote analyses of slope instabilities in open-pit mining areas. We illustrate this approach through the back analysis of a massive landslide that occurred in an active open-pit mine in southwest Spain in January 2019. Based on pre- and post-event high-resolution digital elevation models derived from digital photogrammetry, we estimate an entire sliding mass volume of around 14 million m3. Radar interferometry reveals that during the year preceding the landslide, the line of sight accumulated displacement in the slope reached − 5.7 and 4.6 cm in ascending and descending geometry, respectively, showing two acceleration events clearly correlated with rainfall in descending geometry. By means of 3D and 2D stability analyses we located the slope instability, and remote sensing monitoring led us to identify the likely triggers of failure. Las Cruces event can be attributed to delayed and progressive failure mechanisms triggered by two factors: (i) the loss of historical suction due to a pore-water pressure increase driven by rainfall and (ii) the strain-softening behavior of the sliding material. Finally, we discuss the potential of this methodological approach either to remotely perform post-event analyses of mining-related landslides and evaluate potential triggering factors or to remotely identify critical slopes in mining areas and provide pre-alert warning.
Juan López-Vinielles; Pablo Ezquerro; José A. Fernández-Merodo; Marta Béjar-Pizarro; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Pablo Blanco; Javier García-Robles; Antón Filatov; Juan C. García-Davalillo; Roberto Sarro; Joaquín Mulas; Rosa M. Mateos; José M. Azañón; Jorge P. Galve; Gerardo Herrera. Remote analysis of an open-pit slope failure: Las Cruces case study, Spain. Landslides 2020, 17, 2173 -2188.
AMA StyleJuan López-Vinielles, Pablo Ezquerro, José A. Fernández-Merodo, Marta Béjar-Pizarro, Oriol Monserrat, Anna Barra, Pablo Blanco, Javier García-Robles, Antón Filatov, Juan C. García-Davalillo, Roberto Sarro, Joaquín Mulas, Rosa M. Mateos, José M. Azañón, Jorge P. Galve, Gerardo Herrera. Remote analysis of an open-pit slope failure: Las Cruces case study, Spain. Landslides. 2020; 17 (9):2173-2188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan López-Vinielles; Pablo Ezquerro; José A. Fernández-Merodo; Marta Béjar-Pizarro; Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Pablo Blanco; Javier García-Robles; Antón Filatov; Juan C. García-Davalillo; Roberto Sarro; Joaquín Mulas; Rosa M. Mateos; José M. Azañón; Jorge P. Galve; Gerardo Herrera. 2020. "Remote analysis of an open-pit slope failure: Las Cruces case study, Spain." Landslides 17, no. 9: 2173-2188.
Landslides recurrently impact the Italian territory, producing huge economic losses and casualties. Because of this, there is a large demand for monitoring tools to support landslide management strategies. Among the variety of remote sensing techniques, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become one of the most widely applied for landslide studies. This work reviews a variety of InSAR-related applications for landslide studies in Italy. More than 250 papers were analyzed in this review. The first application dates back to 1999. The average production of InSAR-related papers for landslide studies is around 12 per year, with a peak of 37 papers in 2015. Almost 70% of the papers are written by authors in academia. InSAR is used (i) for landslide back analysis (3% of the papers); (ii) for landslide characterization (40% of the papers); (iii) as input for landslide models (7% of the papers); (iv) to update landslide inventories (15% of the papers); (v) for landslide mapping (32% of the papers), and (vi) for monitoring (3% of the papers). Sixty-eight percent of the authors validated the satellite results with ground information or other remote sensing data. Although well-known limitations exist, this bibliographic overview confirms that InSAR is a consolidated tool for many landslide-related applications.
Lorenzo Solari; Matteo Del Soldato; Federico Raspini; Anna Barra; Silvia Bianchini; Pierluigi Confuorto; Nicola Casagli; Michele Crosetto. Review of Satellite Interferometry for Landslide Detection in Italy. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1351 .
AMA StyleLorenzo Solari, Matteo Del Soldato, Federico Raspini, Anna Barra, Silvia Bianchini, Pierluigi Confuorto, Nicola Casagli, Michele Crosetto. Review of Satellite Interferometry for Landslide Detection in Italy. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (8):1351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Solari; Matteo Del Soldato; Federico Raspini; Anna Barra; Silvia Bianchini; Pierluigi Confuorto; Nicola Casagli; Michele Crosetto. 2020. "Review of Satellite Interferometry for Landslide Detection in Italy." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8: 1351.
The use of satellite interferometry (InSAR) is exponentially growing for the detection and monitoring of geohazard related movements. InSAR technique allows to process large areas and to extract high number of displacement measurements at low cost. By the way, the outputs consist of high volumes of information whose interpretation can be complex and time-consuming, mostly for users who are not familiar with radar data. Moreover, the use of InSAR have been moving from local to national, and now we are going towards a European application. In this scenario, the development of methodologies and tools to automatize the extraction of significant information and to facilitate the interpretation of the results, is more and more needed in order to increase their operational use. In this work we present a series of tools developed in the framework of the projects DEMOS (CGL2017- 83704-P), Momit (S2R-H2020/777630), Safety (ECHO/SUB/2015/718679) and U-Geohaz (UCPM-2017-PP-AG/783169). The so-called ADA (Active Displacement Areas) tools have been developed with the aim of ease the management, the use and the interpretation of wide areas results. Starting from the semi-automatic extraction of the most significant Active Displacement Areas (ADAFinder tool) we move to an automatic preliminary assessment of the phenomena that is behind the detected movement (ADAClassifier tool). All these tools go in the same direction of the European Ground Motion Service (EU-GMS) project, which will provide consistent, regular and reliable information regarding natural and anthropogenic ground motion phenomena all over Europe.
Oriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Roberto Tomás; José Navarro; Lorenzo Solari; Gerardo Herrera; Michele Crosetto. Tools for fast analysis of InSAR based displacement maps. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleOriol Monserrat, Anna Barra, Roberto Tomás, José Navarro, Lorenzo Solari, Gerardo Herrera, Michele Crosetto. Tools for fast analysis of InSAR based displacement maps. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Monserrat; Anna Barra; Roberto Tomás; José Navarro; Lorenzo Solari; Gerardo Herrera; Michele Crosetto. 2020. "Tools for fast analysis of InSAR based displacement maps." , no. : 1.