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A. Elsabbagh
Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt

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Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Metals
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Although extensive aging and strain aging (bake hardening, BH) studies have been carried out on dual-phase steels, the aging behavior of the dual matrix structure (DMS) ductile iron (DI), as a potential way to improve its mechanical properties, has not been addressed until now. This research was designed to study the aging behavior of DI with a ferrite-martensite matrix structure. DMS-DI with a martensite volume fraction of 30% was produced by intercritical austenitizing at 785 °C followed by quenching in water to room temperature. Aging treatments were carried out without pre-straining at aging temperatures of 140, 170, and 220 °C for 2–10,000 min. DMS-DI was investigated by light optical microscopy (LOM) for unaged samples and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for selected samples after aging treatments. The effect of aging conditions on the mechanical properties were investigated. Microhardness measurements for ferrite and martensite were also examined as a function of aging conditions. The increase in yield strength due to aging was determined. The results indicate that the aging conditions have a small effect on the ultimate tensile strength UTS. It is shown that the yield strength increased to a maximum value of 45 MPa (~11% increase) after aging for particular time, which is found to be dependent on the aging temperature. The peak aging response is followed by a decrease in yield strength, which is observed to be attributed to martensite tempering as confirmed by microhardness measurements.

ACS Style

Ali Abdelmonem; Mohamed Soliman; Heinz Palkowski; Ahmed Elsabbagh. Aging Behavior of Intercritically Quenched Ductile Iron. Metals 2021, 11, 897 .

AMA Style

Ali Abdelmonem, Mohamed Soliman, Heinz Palkowski, Ahmed Elsabbagh. Aging Behavior of Intercritically Quenched Ductile Iron. Metals. 2021; 11 (6):897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Abdelmonem; Mohamed Soliman; Heinz Palkowski; Ahmed Elsabbagh. 2021. "Aging Behavior of Intercritically Quenched Ductile Iron." Metals 11, no. 6: 897.

Review
Published: 03 March 2021 in Materials
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Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

ACS Style

Noha Ramadan; Mohamed Taha; Angela La Rosa; Ahmed Elsabbagh. Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants. Materials 2021, 14, 1181 .

AMA Style

Noha Ramadan, Mohamed Taha, Angela La Rosa, Ahmed Elsabbagh. Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants. Materials. 2021; 14 (5):1181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noha Ramadan; Mohamed Taha; Angela La Rosa; Ahmed Elsabbagh. 2021. "Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants." Materials 14, no. 5: 1181.

Conference paper
Published: 14 October 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Apart from the complex nature of natural fibers, studying glass bubbles, as reinforcement phase, is considered a good start to understand the flow behaviour of fillers or reinforcements and hence their distribution in the final products after injection moulding. Glass bubbles are thermally stable within the processing temperatures of Polypropylene. They are also void from the effect of fibre aspect ratio. This work explores the uneven glass bubbles content along injection moulded spirals out of polypropylene (PP). Glass bubbles are experimented at 10 and 30% volume fraction Vf levels. The processing temperature during the injection moulding varies in the range of 180-200°C. Injection pressure is changed from 250 to 1000 bar. Flow speed is adjusted at two levels of 60and 100 cm3/s. The response measurement is the distribution of the glass bubbles across the spiral at different distances from the injection point. The experimental results show the significance of the nominal Vf, pressure, temperature and flow speed on the distribution homogeneity where the bubbles move further in case of 30% at high pressure of 1000 bar and higher temperature of 200°C that eases the flow. At 10% Vf, the fluctuations in the measured Vf is minimal. The reason of the fluctuation in case of 30% Vf at high temperature and pressure is the multi-phase flow where the investigation shows that bigger size of bubbles acquires greater momentum to flow. Scaling-up of this study to the synthetic fibres will cover fragmentation. More up-scaling to the case of the natural fibre thermoplastic composites NFTC can deal with other factors like thermal stability and fibre splicing or branching.

ACS Style

A Elsabbagh; T Attia; A Ramzy. Distribution of fillers and reinforcements in injection moulded thermoplastic composites: Case study of glass bubbles. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 634, 012018 .

AMA Style

A Elsabbagh, T Attia, A Ramzy. Distribution of fillers and reinforcements in injection moulded thermoplastic composites: Case study of glass bubbles. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 634 (1):012018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Elsabbagh; T Attia; A Ramzy. 2019. "Distribution of fillers and reinforcements in injection moulded thermoplastic composites: Case study of glass bubbles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 634, no. 1: 012018.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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Flowability of thermoplastics reinforced with natural fibres represents a major problem for the injection moulding of these composites. Flowability of natural fibre polypropylene composites is evaluated using the injection moulding in an Archimedean spiral mould. The influence of the following process parameters is studied in terms of flowability: injection temperature of 180–220 °C, injection pressure of 500–1000 bar and mould temperature of 25 and 80 °C. Additionally, different fibre shapes are investigated namely; non-branched straight cellulose fibres and branched hemp fibres with low flexural stiffness. Chopped cellulose fibres length of 0.5 and 1.5 mm are tried. Fibre contents of 10 and 30 wt% are also studied. The results showed that the effect of the investigated parameters namely; Pressure, temperature and mould temperature is significant on the flowability in a descending order. The homogeneity of fibre weight content along the injection moulded spirals represents an important quality feature. Therefore, samples are drawn at even distances from the spiral length. The cut samples are dissolved to extract fibres and calculate the fibre content for each segment. Fibre content was found to be variable and the deviation from the nominal value where measurements can reach up to almost 30% deviation. The results show that the phenomenon of fibres’ separation takes place by low pressure and low injection temperature. The deviation in fibre content is found to follow a cyclic trend. The frequency of the cyclic behaviour increases with more temperature and pressure but with lower variation amplitude. At low pressure and temperature; change in fibre length behaves in a similar pattern like fibre content. Fibre length is measured by QICPIC system (dynamic image analysis). It is found that the increase in the measured fibre length is accompanied by an increase in the measured fibre content. However, more understanding, based on fundamentals of fluid mechanics, is needed for establishing robust simulation models.

ACS Style

Ahmed Elsabbagh; Amna Ramzy; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann. Models of flow behaviour and fibre distribution of injected moulded polypropylene reinforced with natural fibre composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018, 162, 198 -205.

AMA Style

Ahmed Elsabbagh, Amna Ramzy, Leif Steuernagel, Gerhard Ziegmann. Models of flow behaviour and fibre distribution of injected moulded polypropylene reinforced with natural fibre composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 162 ():198-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Elsabbagh; Amna Ramzy; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann. 2018. "Models of flow behaviour and fibre distribution of injected moulded polypropylene reinforced with natural fibre composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 162, no. : 198-205.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

A. Elsabbagh; T. Attia; A. Ramzy; L. Steuernagel; G. Ziegmann. Towards selection chart of flame retardants for natural fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018, 141, 1 -8.

AMA Style

A. Elsabbagh, T. Attia, A. Ramzy, L. Steuernagel, G. Ziegmann. Towards selection chart of flame retardants for natural fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 141 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Elsabbagh; T. Attia; A. Ramzy; L. Steuernagel; G. Ziegmann. 2018. "Towards selection chart of flame retardants for natural fibre reinforced polypropylene composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 141, no. : 1-8.

Conference paper
Published: 25 October 2017 in Advances in Natural Fibre Composites
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Increasing the share of natural fiber thermoplastic composites NFTC in the market of engineering market demand to guarantee flame retardant properties. On the other side, addition of flame retardants FRs affects the mechanical properties negatively specially the whole tensile strength. Polypropylene PP reinforced with 30% natural fibers (flax, jute, hemp and sisal) are prepared using kneading and different FRs are mixed together. The effect of the different FRs on the flame retardance level, namely UL94, as well as the mechanical properties are studied. Hence, a selection chart for FRs is established. The studied FRs materials in this work are mineral, halogenated, halogen-free intumescent. Also, the effect of synergism with nanoclays and antimony tri oxide is considered. As a result of this experimental work regarding both the mechanical properties and the flame retardance levels, a material selection chart is built considering the tensile strength and flame retardance test UL94. This chart is enriched by other literature results. Also, the concept of this chart can be extended to deal with another mechanical property or another flame retardance test.

ACS Style

A. Elsabbagh; A. Ramzy; T. Attia; G. Ziegmann. Selection Chart of Flame Retardants for Natural Fiber Polymer Composites. Advances in Natural Fibre Composites 2017, 127 -134.

AMA Style

A. Elsabbagh, A. Ramzy, T. Attia, G. Ziegmann. Selection Chart of Flame Retardants for Natural Fiber Polymer Composites. Advances in Natural Fibre Composites. 2017; ():127-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Elsabbagh; A. Ramzy; T. Attia; G. Ziegmann. 2017. "Selection Chart of Flame Retardants for Natural Fiber Polymer Composites." Advances in Natural Fibre Composites , no. : 127-134.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2017 in Materials
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Green composites from polypropylene and lignin-based natural material were manufactured using a melt extrusion process. The lignin-based material used was the so called “liquid wood”. The PP/“Liquid Wood” blends were extruded with “liquid wood” content varying from 20 wt % to 80 wt %. The blends were thoroughly characterized by flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical testing. The addition of the Liquid Wood resulted in a great improvement in terms of both the flexural modulus and strength but, on the other hand, a reduction of the impact strength was observed. For one blend composition, the composites reinforced with hemp fibers were also studied. The addition of hemp allowed us to further improve the mechanical properties. The composite with 20 wt % of hemp, subjected to up to three recycling cycles, showed good mechanical property retention and thermal stability after recycling.

ACS Style

Gianluca Cicala; Claudio Tosto; Alberta Latteri; Angela Daniela La Rosa; Ignazio Blanco; Ahmed Elsabbagh; Pietro Russo; Gerhard Ziegmann. Green Composites Based on Blends of Polypropylene with Liquid Wood Reinforced with Hemp Fibers: Thermomechanical Properties and the Effect of Recycling Cycles. Materials 2017, 10, 998 .

AMA Style

Gianluca Cicala, Claudio Tosto, Alberta Latteri, Angela Daniela La Rosa, Ignazio Blanco, Ahmed Elsabbagh, Pietro Russo, Gerhard Ziegmann. Green Composites Based on Blends of Polypropylene with Liquid Wood Reinforced with Hemp Fibers: Thermomechanical Properties and the Effect of Recycling Cycles. Materials. 2017; 10 (9):998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianluca Cicala; Claudio Tosto; Alberta Latteri; Angela Daniela La Rosa; Ignazio Blanco; Ahmed Elsabbagh; Pietro Russo; Gerhard Ziegmann. 2017. "Green Composites Based on Blends of Polypropylene with Liquid Wood Reinforced with Hemp Fibers: Thermomechanical Properties and the Effect of Recycling Cycles." Materials 10, no. 9: 998.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

A. Elsabbagh; L. Steuernagel; J. Ring. Natural Fibre/PA6 composites with flame retardance properties: Extrusion and characterisation. Composites Part B: Engineering 2017, 108, 325 -333.

AMA Style

A. Elsabbagh, L. Steuernagel, J. Ring. Natural Fibre/PA6 composites with flame retardance properties: Extrusion and characterisation. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2017; 108 ():325-333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Elsabbagh; L. Steuernagel; J. Ring. 2017. "Natural Fibre/PA6 composites with flame retardance properties: Extrusion and characterisation." Composites Part B: Engineering 108, no. : 325-333.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2016 in PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers
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Adding the natural fibre thermoplastic composites NFTC to engineering plastics represents a challenge due to the high temperature processing which in turn could result in the natural fibre damage. Finding applications for NFTC depends not only on the mechanical properties but also on the physical ones and the flame retardance property has an utmost importance. However; the implementation of flame retardants FRs materials has to counteract another challenge which is the drop of the corresponding mechanical properties. A comprehensive study is carried out for optimising the compounding process of the three constituents namely the thermoplastic, the natural fibre and the FR. A mixture of halogen-free phosphor based intumescent and inorganic hydrates is used as the FR system. FR mixture does not exceed 20% limit to allow enough binding effect of the thermoplastic with both fibres and FR. After conducting a screening study, it found out that Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and Polyamide (PA6) are good candidates due to their relatively low melting point with respect to the candidate natural fibres namely flax and kenaf. Twin screw extruder is used to compound the polymer and the FR with the pellets of the natural fibres. Extruder configuration is adjusted to obtain a stable process at 10, 15 and 22.5 wt.-% fibre. Temperature and speed are optimised in order to avoid the thermal degradation of the natural fibres as much as possible. The prepared composites are subjected to tensile test, Charpy notched and un-notched impact test, UL94 and cone calorimetry. Results are promising especially for PA6 composites. Mechanical testing shows a decrease of 10% in strength and 15-25% in impact strength after the addition of 20% FR.V-0 rating is obtained by 20% FR according to UL94 test. The cone calorimetry show a reduction in heat release rate HRR to 50% after the application of FR.

ACS Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Jochen Ring; Oliver Toepfer. Development of natural fiber/engineering plastics composites with flame retardance properties. PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers 2016, 1779, 030020 .

AMA Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh, Leif Steuernagel, Jochen Ring, Oliver Toepfer. Development of natural fiber/engineering plastics composites with flame retardance properties. PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers. 2016; 1779 (1):030020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Jochen Ring; Oliver Toepfer. 2016. "Development of natural fiber/engineering plastics composites with flame retardance properties." PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers 1779, no. 1: 030020.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2015 in Journal of Polymer Research
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Core/shell nanoparticles of magnetic polyethylenimine (MPEI) were prepared by one-step co-precipitation process. MPEI were precipitated by mixing Fe2+/Fe3+ solution with polyethylenimine under basic media. The morphology, hydrodynamic size and the phase of the prepared magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, DLS and XRD, respectively. In addition, the functionality, thermal stability and magnetic properties were assessed using FTIR, TGA and VSM, respectively. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles able to generate local heat under alternative magnetic field caused by the delay in magnetic relaxation provide a benefit in cancer treatment. The strength effects of the applied magnetic field and the different viscosity carriers, namely water and ethanol, on the heating ability were investigated. It was an obvious rise of temperature by increasing in strength of applied magnetic field and by the exposure time. Heat transfer to the fluid was hindered by the viscosity of the carrier. The viscosity affects the heating properties through a Brownian mechanism and thus causes a significant specific absorption rate (SAR). The heating properties of the prepared MPEI nanoparticles with the highest SAR value (177.48 Wg−1) show their potential in hyperthermia application.

ACS Style

Mohamed S. A. Darwish; Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; Ivan Stibor. Hyperthermia properties of magnetic polyethylenimine core/shell nanoparticles: influence of carrier and magnetic field strength. Journal of Polymer Research 2015, 22, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Mohamed S. A. Darwish, Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh, Ivan Stibor. Hyperthermia properties of magnetic polyethylenimine core/shell nanoparticles: influence of carrier and magnetic field strength. Journal of Polymer Research. 2015; 22 (12):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed S. A. Darwish; Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; Ivan Stibor. 2015. "Hyperthermia properties of magnetic polyethylenimine core/shell nanoparticles: influence of carrier and magnetic field strength." Journal of Polymer Research 22, no. 12: 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2015 in Polymer Composites
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Flammability behavior of natural fiber polymer composites (NFPC) is an essential factor to define their scope of application. It was of great importance to quantitatively optimize the quantities of the flame retardants (FR) with respect to the corresponding mechanical properties as well as the flame retardance behavior. Flax/polypropylene (PP) system was selected in this study due to its diverse applications. Aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) which was an inorganic hydrate was used as a FR and smoke suppresser because of its environmentally–friendly nature. Flax and PP in the presence of a coupling agent were extruded together. Flax loading with respect to the host polymer was studied at 30% and 50%. Afterward, the compounds were mixed with three grades of ATH namely Apyral 32, 40CD, and 60CD which were loaded at different amounts ranging from 30 to 60 wt%. The synergetic effect of zinc borate (ZB) and ammonium polyphosphate Exolit AP‐422 was also investigated. Both mechanical and flammability behavior were assessed with respect to ATH and its synergists. It was found that 40 wt% of Apyral 60CD was enough to reach V‐0 level with a marginal loss of tensile strength namely 12.5% and 7% for samples of 30% and 50% flax, respectively. Higher loading of ATH at 60% results in strength reduction by 37%–40%. Cone calorimetry results proved the reduction of both heat release rate (HRR) and smoke release. Synergism with both additives improved the UL94 rating and decreased the HRR as well. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

ACS Style

A. El-Sabbagh; L. Steuernagel; D. Meiners; G. Ziegmann; O. Toepfer. Optimization of flame retardant content with respect to mechanical properties of natural fiber polymer composites: Case study of polypropylene/flax/aluminum trihydroxide. Polymer Composites 2015, 37, 3310 -3325.

AMA Style

A. El-Sabbagh, L. Steuernagel, D. Meiners, G. Ziegmann, O. Toepfer. Optimization of flame retardant content with respect to mechanical properties of natural fiber polymer composites: Case study of polypropylene/flax/aluminum trihydroxide. Polymer Composites. 2015; 37 (11):3310-3325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. El-Sabbagh; L. Steuernagel; D. Meiners; G. Ziegmann; O. Toepfer. 2015. "Optimization of flame retardant content with respect to mechanical properties of natural fiber polymer composites: Case study of polypropylene/flax/aluminum trihydroxide." Polymer Composites 37, no. 11: 3310-3325.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2014 in International Journal of Plastics Technology
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Impregnation of natural fabric with polymeric materials finds wide range of industrial applications. The challenge here is to use wastes to be recycled into useful things. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) was used as the target polymer for impregnation of natural fabrics (jute). Maleic anhydride and abietic acid reacted together to give adduct via Diels Alder reaction. Investigation of the produced maleoabietic adduct was established using Fourier transform infrrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). Expanded polystyrene waste was grafted with the adduct and the product was investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and (DSC). The tensile strength and consequently the adhesion performance between the grafted polystyrene and the jute fabrics were increased upon using maleoabietic as coupling agent. The tensile strength showed abrupt change up to 441 MPa upon using 12 phr maleoabietic.

ACS Style

M. L. Tawfic; Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; G. Ziegmann. Novel coupling agent between expanded polystyrene waste and natural fabrics. International Journal of Plastics Technology 2014, 18, 321 -332.

AMA Style

M. L. Tawfic, Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh, G. Ziegmann. Novel coupling agent between expanded polystyrene waste and natural fabrics. International Journal of Plastics Technology. 2014; 18 (2):321-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. L. Tawfic; Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; G. Ziegmann. 2014. "Novel coupling agent between expanded polystyrene waste and natural fabrics." International Journal of Plastics Technology 18, no. 2: 321-332.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann; Dieter Meiners; Oliver Toepfer. Processing parameters and characterisation of flax fibre reinforced engineering plastic composites with flame retardant fillers. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014, 62, 12 -18.

AMA Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh, Leif Steuernagel, Gerhard Ziegmann, Dieter Meiners, Oliver Toepfer. Processing parameters and characterisation of flax fibre reinforced engineering plastic composites with flame retardant fillers. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2014; 62 ():12-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann; Dieter Meiners; Oliver Toepfer. 2014. "Processing parameters and characterisation of flax fibre reinforced engineering plastic composites with flame retardant fillers." Composites Part B: Engineering 62, no. : 12-18.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh. Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014, 57, 126 -135.

AMA Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh. Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2014; 57 ():126-135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh. 2014. "Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour." Composites Part B: Engineering 57, no. : 126-135.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2014 in Journal of Applied Polymer Science
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ACS Style

Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Dieter Meiners; Gerhard Ziegmann. Effect of extruder elements on fiber dimensions and mechanical properties of bast natural fiber polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2014, 131, 1 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh, Leif Steuernagel, Dieter Meiners, Gerhard Ziegmann. Effect of extruder elements on fiber dimensions and mechanical properties of bast natural fiber polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2014; 131 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Dieter Meiners; Gerhard Ziegmann. 2014. "Effect of extruder elements on fiber dimensions and mechanical properties of bast natural fiber polypropylene composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2013 in Journal of Materials Processing Technology
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ACS Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; Mohamed Soliman; Mohamed A. Taha; Heinz Palkowski. Effect of rolling and heat treatment on tensile behaviour of wrought Al-SiCp composites prepared by stir-casting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2013, 213, 1669 -1681.

AMA Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh, Mohamed Soliman, Mohamed A. Taha, Heinz Palkowski. Effect of rolling and heat treatment on tensile behaviour of wrought Al-SiCp composites prepared by stir-casting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2013; 213 (10):1669-1681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; Mohamed Soliman; Mohamed A. Taha; Heinz Palkowski. 2013. "Effect of rolling and heat treatment on tensile behaviour of wrought Al-SiCp composites prepared by stir-casting." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, no. 10: 1669-1681.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2013 in Journal of Applied Polymer Science
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ACS Style

Amna Youssef Ramzy; Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann; Dieter Meiners. Rheology of natural fibers thermoplastic compounds: Flow length and fiber distribution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2013, 131, 1 .

AMA Style

Amna Youssef Ramzy, Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh, Leif Steuernagel, Gerhard Ziegmann, Dieter Meiners. Rheology of natural fibers thermoplastic compounds: Flow length and fiber distribution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2013; 131 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amna Youssef Ramzy; Ahmed Mohammed Moneeb El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann; Dieter Meiners. 2013. "Rheology of natural fibers thermoplastic compounds: Flow length and fiber distribution." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 3: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2013 in Journal of Polymer Science
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In this study, we investigated the draping behavior of jute woven fabric to study the feasibility of using natural fabrics in place of synthetic glass‐fiber fabrics. Draping behavior describes the in‐mold deformation of fabrics, which is vital for the end appearance and performance of polymer composites. The draping coefficient was determined with a common drapemeter for fabrics with densities of 228–765 g/m2 and thread counts under different humidity and static dynamic conditions. The results were compared to glass‐fiber fabrics with close areal densities. Characterization of the jute fabrics was carried out to fill the knowledge gap about natural‐fiber fabrics and to ease their modeling. The tensile and bending stiffnesses and the shear coupling were also characterized for a plain woven jute fabric with a tensile machine, Shirley bending tester, and picture frame, respectively. As a case study, the draping and resin‐transfer molding of the jute fabric over a complex asymmetric form was performed to measure the geometrical conformance. The adoption of natural fibers as a substitute for synthetic fibers, where the strength requirements are satisfied, would thus require no special considerations for tool design or common practices. However, the use of natural fibers would lead to weight and cost reductions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1453–1465, 2013

ACS Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Iman Taha. Characterization of the draping behavior of jute woven fabrics for applications of natural-fiber/epoxy composites. Journal of Polymer Science 2013, 130, 1453 -1465.

AMA Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh, Iman Taha. Characterization of the draping behavior of jute woven fabrics for applications of natural-fiber/epoxy composites. Journal of Polymer Science. 2013; 130 (3):1453-1465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Iman Taha. 2013. "Characterization of the draping behavior of jute woven fabrics for applications of natural-fiber/epoxy composites." Journal of Polymer Science 130, no. 3: 1453-1465.

Research article
Published: 13 March 2013 in Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
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Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites are nowadays receiving considerable attention, especially in the automobile and civil engineering industries. Reduction in flammability characteristics besides retention of their excellent mechanical properties will ensure wider market for these composites. Polypropylene matrix was reinforced with 30 and 50 wt% of flax fibres. Magnesium hydroxide was added at different levels of 0, 20 and 30 wt% in order to investigate the flammability resistance behaviour. Thermal and thermomechanical tests were carried out in order to evaluate new and recycled composites. Limited oxygen index was improved to more than 27 with 50 wt% flax/30% magnesium hydroxide, although very slow burning rate in the horizontal test condition was achieved with 30/30, 50/20 and 50/30 wt% for flax/magnesium hydroxides. Regarding the UL94 test, no sample passed vertical burn test. Recycling of these composites was investigated and showed 4 and 10% decrease in strength and stiffness, respectively. Recycling experiments on 50/30 system showed an effect of 5% limited oxygen index decrease after reprocessing for two cycles.

ACS Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann. Low combustible polypropylene/flax/magnesium hydroxide composites: mechanical, flame retardation characterization and recycling effect. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2013, 32, 1030 -1043.

AMA Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh, Leif Steuernagel, Gerhard Ziegmann. Low combustible polypropylene/flax/magnesium hydroxide composites: mechanical, flame retardation characterization and recycling effect. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2013; 32 (14):1030-1043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Leif Steuernagel; Gerhard Ziegmann. 2013. "Low combustible polypropylene/flax/magnesium hydroxide composites: mechanical, flame retardation characterization and recycling effect." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 32, no. 14: 1030-1043.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2013 in Composites Part B: Engineering
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ACS Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; L. Steuernagel; G. Ziegmann. Characterisation of flax polypropylene composites using ultrasonic longitudinal sound wave technique. Composites Part B: Engineering 2013, 45, 1164 -1172.

AMA Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh, L. Steuernagel, G. Ziegmann. Characterisation of flax polypropylene composites using ultrasonic longitudinal sound wave technique. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2013; 45 (1):1164-1172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed; A; A. El-Sabbagh; Elsabbagh; El Sabbagh; Moneeb Elsabbagh; L. Steuernagel; G. Ziegmann. 2013. "Characterisation of flax polypropylene composites using ultrasonic longitudinal sound wave technique." Composites Part B: Engineering 45, no. 1: 1164-1172.