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Sustainability is well‐established in many companies' strategic postures. However, executing sustainability‐related goals often lags at the operational level. This study analyses how decision‐making processes in packaging development at different hierarchical levels are characterized in achieving a sustainability consensus. This research focuses on the alignment of the strategic and operational levels of packaging development in relation to the integration of sustainability considerations. This materializes in a stakeholder perspective on packaging development and an analysis of targets aiming for the integration of sustainability considerations in such development processes. The involvement and decision making by internal stakeholders, the involvement of external stakeholders and sustainability target setting are considered as conditions causing the outcome of interest: levels of sustainability implementation on both the strategic and the operational levels of packaging development. By using a set‐theoretic method, we address that different compositions of stakeholder involvement and target setting might cause the same level of sustainability priority at the strategic and operational levels. For data analysis, we use a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with empirical data derived from survey responses by packaging experts. This approach is motivated by its ability to address the complexity of the interplay of case characteristics within development processes. The research findings provide several indications of a limited alignment of a company's strategic sustainability ambition with the operational activities of multidisciplinary packaging development teams. The insights on the sustainability‐related configurations of stakeholders and target setting provide guidance for managing projects across the strategic and operational levels in improving sustainable packaging development.
Bjorn Koeijer; Carsten Gelhard; Roland Ten Klooster. Sustainability priorities across the strategic and operational level in packaging development. Packaging Technology and Science 2019, 32, 618 -629.
AMA StyleBjorn Koeijer, Carsten Gelhard, Roland Ten Klooster. Sustainability priorities across the strategic and operational level in packaging development. Packaging Technology and Science. 2019; 32 (12):618-629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjorn Koeijer; Carsten Gelhard; Roland Ten Klooster. 2019. "Sustainability priorities across the strategic and operational level in packaging development." Packaging Technology and Science 32, no. 12: 618-629.
This study addresses the synthesis of sustainability-related considerations in packaging design curricula by means of educational interventions. The core of the research revolves around an educational module for students in packaging design and development. This research targets the current late-stage integration of sustainability considerations in product-packaging development processes. The combination of the front-end involvement of sustainability considerations with the focus on educational interventions in product-packaging development is lacking in currently available research. The educational interventions which are tested in representative educational environments—as presented in this article—address the required focus on the balance in decisions and criteria, trade-offs, and team dynamics within multidisciplinary product-packaging development teams. The educational framework targets five perspectives of packaging sustainability: (1) managerial decision making, (2) life cycle assessment (LCA), (3) consumer purchase behavior, (4) recycling efficiency and effectiveness, and (5) plastic recycling chain redesign. This research’s main contribution is bridging the gap between implementing new scientific insights in the field of sustainable packaging from various perspectives, and practicing by applying the relevant knowledge in this field, by means of a design synthesis approach. This research derives findings from both an extensive introspective analysis and expert analysis of the results of the educational module.
Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer; Robbert-Jan Torn. Synthesizing Sustainability Considerations through Educational Interventions. Sustainability 2018, 11, 21 .
AMA StyleMaaike Mulder-Nijkamp, Bjorn De Koeijer, Robbert-Jan Torn. Synthesizing Sustainability Considerations through Educational Interventions. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer; Robbert-Jan Torn. 2018. "Synthesizing Sustainability Considerations through Educational Interventions." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 21.
This paper describes an empirical study to determine the influence of specific design elements of sustainable packaging on consumer behaviour during purchase and recycling. Existing studies show that the visual appearance of packaging design influences the behaviour of consumers. The results of this study show that decisions made by consumers regarding the packaging are mostly based on graphics and to a lesser extent on information and form. Furthermore, a sustainable form and information regarding sustainability also have the highest utility, which indicates that these cues are able to trigger a higher buying intention. According the results on recycling behaviour, it is unclear if recycling logos and a stimulating text have an impact on recycling intention of consumers.
Iris Borgman; Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer. The Influence of Packaging Design Features on Consumers’ Purchasing & Recycling Behaviour. The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Borgman, Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp, Bjorn De Koeijer. The Influence of Packaging Design Features on Consumers’ Purchasing & Recycling Behaviour. The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Borgman; Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer. 2018. "The Influence of Packaging Design Features on Consumers’ Purchasing & Recycling Behaviour." The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging , no. : 1.
This study aims to address the structured implementation of sustainability considerations in packaging design processes by proposing a teaching framework for design students. The framework builds upon a four-year research program which aims to deliver insights regarding the environmental burden caused by product-packaging chains in the Netherlands and cumulates in an educational program for Universities of Applied Sciences. The teaching framework addresses five perspectives of product-packaging sustainability: (1) managerial decision making, (2) life cycle assessment (LCA), (3) consumer behavior, (4) recycling efficiency and effectiveness, and (5) redesign of the plastic waste chain. The research’s main contribution is the setup and the applicability and efficacy of the proposed teaching framework. The application of this framework in packaging design education must lead to a better alignment of insights on sustainability in the early stages of packaging design processes executed by ‘designers of the future’.
Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer; Robbert-Jan Torn. Implementing Sustainability Considerations in Packaging Design Curricula. The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMaaike Mulder-Nijkamp, Bjorn De Koeijer, Robbert-Jan Torn. Implementing Sustainability Considerations in Packaging Design Curricula. The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaaike Mulder-Nijkamp; Bjorn De Koeijer; Robbert-Jan Torn. 2018. "Implementing Sustainability Considerations in Packaging Design Curricula." The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging , no. : 1.
The alignment of the strategic and the operational level of packaging development in relation to the integration of sustainability is not addressed extensively in current research. This paper aims to address this, by focusing on the decision-making interrelations of key actors (marketing and packaging development) within multidisciplinary product-packaging development teams. The research is conducted by means of a qualitative approach, consisting of semi-structured interviews with individual packaging development team members, complemented with a newly developed visualization tool. The research builds upon eight cases within brand owners, packaging material suppliers and packaging development consultants. The main findings of the study include the decision-making trade-offs between sustainability considerations and other project indicators, such as costs, time-to-market and technical challenges. These trade-offs are linked to the strategic and operational roles of key actors, and to internal and external factors influencing sustainable development processes. This research’s contribution is to address the alignment of the strategic and the operational levels of sustainable packaging development, in relation to (1) decision making and interrelations within multidisciplinary development teams; and (2) the relevance of development-influencing factors. This provides opportunities for further development of sustainable packaging models and tools, in order to align the strategic and operational level of development.
Bjorn De Koeijer; Jos De Lange; Renee Wever. Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1923 .
AMA StyleBjorn De Koeijer, Jos De Lange, Renee Wever. Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjorn De Koeijer; Jos De Lange; Renee Wever. 2017. "Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1923.
Recent years have shown a shift in the focus of sustainable development from eco-efficiency (minimizing negative impacts) towards eco-effectiveness (optimizing positive impacts). Currently, a focus on circular models can be identified; Cradle to Cradle and circular economy are main examples of such models. However, the current number and variety of models and tools focusing on circular systems are limited with regard to packaging development.This paper explores packaging development models and tools in relation to circular systems, in order to identify the current status of the circularity focus. A range of identified models and tools is structured into two categories (generative and evaluative tools) which cover three types (protocols, diagrams and evaluations). This is in line with the distinction between early and later phases of development and the cumulative nature of environmental lock-in. Protocol-type models and tools come in different forms, such as principles, guidelines and checklists (e.g. Cradle to Cradle and DfE). Aside from these, eight diagram-type models are analysed, focusing on packaging development, sustainable development and sustainable packaging development. In contrast to generative design tools, evaluation-type models and tools (e.g. LCA) are most useful in the later stages of development processes.Resulting from the analysis of the models and tools, three types of integration – integrated product-packaging development, the cross-functional integration of actors and the front-end integration of sustainability considerations – are appropriate for the development of product-packaging combinations for circular systems. This leads to an agenda which shapes research directions towards achieving this development. © 2016 The Authors Packaging Technology and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bjorn De Koeijer; Renee Wever; Jörg Henseler. Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda. Packaging Technology and Science 2016, 30, 443 -460.
AMA StyleBjorn De Koeijer, Renee Wever, Jörg Henseler. Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda. Packaging Technology and Science. 2016; 30 (8):443-460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjorn De Koeijer; Renee Wever; Jörg Henseler. 2016. "Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda." Packaging Technology and Science 30, no. 8: 443-460.