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This chapter investigates the challenges that small wind market would face, in order to exploit its potential possibilities to keep growing, becoming a relevant asset for the energy production sector worldwide. Despite its name, small wind market is actually large and relies on several different possibilities for energy production through different types of devices (from the ‘classic’ horizontal-axis wind turbines and vertical-axis wind turbines to ‘retrofitting innovative designs’ such as the cross-axis wind turbines or building augmented wind turbines). The scope of application of this market is also wide, from small-scale ‘classic’ wind turbines in semi-urban areas to the installation of different designs in the domestic sector (building rooftops and surroundings) or integrated in the building design. The different possibilities for energy production of the small wind market and its scope of application are reviewed through this chapter, so as to gather enough information to assess the maturity of this technology and its match with the energy consumption needs. The objective is to test the possibilities of the small wind market in now and in near future. An open-source wind turbine calculation software, QBlade, was used to describe the relationship between the design of the airfoil and its performance, under the specific conditions that usually small wind market devices are exposed to.
Alberto Álvarez Vilar; George Xydis; Evanthia A. Nanaki. Small Wind: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities. Advanced Solar-Distillation Systems 2019, 185 -204.
AMA StyleAlberto Álvarez Vilar, George Xydis, Evanthia A. Nanaki. Small Wind: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities. Advanced Solar-Distillation Systems. 2019; ():185-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Álvarez Vilar; George Xydis; Evanthia A. Nanaki. 2019. "Small Wind: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities." Advanced Solar-Distillation Systems , no. : 185-204.
Peach production as well as the fruit canning industry is one of the most important agricultural supply chain sectors in Greece. In 2016 Greek canned peach production reached 300,000 tones. In this study we perform an environmental analysis of a peach compote production system in Greece, using Life Cycle Assessment. The system studied includes the stages of cultivation, transportation of peaches to the peach compote plant, the canning and finally packaging. The data used were collected directly from an orchard located in Larissa, in central Greece, and covers the production year of 2016. The functional unit adopted is the production of one paper box containing 24 cans of peach compotes. The Life Cycle Analysis results indicate that 48.41%, 25% and 20.98% of the environmental burdens are attributed to the acidification potential, global warming potential and particular matter formation impact categories, respectively; whereas eutrophication impact potential and photochemical oxidation formation impact accounted for 5.38% and 0.23%, respectively. The results of this study provide an understanding of the key environmental impact issues related to peach compote production in Greece.
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. Sustainable Peach Compote Production: A Life Cycle Thinking Approach. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4229 .
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher J. Koroneos. Sustainable Peach Compote Production: A Life Cycle Thinking Approach. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. 2018. "Sustainable Peach Compote Production: A Life Cycle Thinking Approach." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4229.
The fallout of the global economic crisis has impacted Greece severely as the austerity measures that were implemented since 2009 have had a devastating effect on poverty and the level of living. The financial agreement of the Greek government with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) gave rise to a deep recession phase in the Greek market that started in early 2008. The automobile industry is among the sectors that have been severely affected by the economic crisis. Given that the demand for cars fell sharply and that the Greek car market is facing serious problems, mapping and understanding them can provide useful input to the Greek vehicle market. Regression analysis is being employed, and the interrelations of different variables, such as net disposable income, unemployment rate, fuel prices, the Greek crisis, loans directed to the vehicle market, as well as the inflation rate for the period of 2000–2016, are investigated. Analyzing the factors affecting car sales can provide policy-makers with knowledge in order to take legislative and economic measures, so as to boost sales of new environmental friendly vehicles not only in Greece, but in all EU states.
Evanthia A. Nanaki. Measuring the Impact of Economic Crisis to the Greek Vehicle Market. Sustainability 2018, 10, 510 .
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki. Measuring the Impact of Economic Crisis to the Greek Vehicle Market. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki. 2018. "Measuring the Impact of Economic Crisis to the Greek Vehicle Market." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 510.
Electrifying transportation is a promising approach to alleviate climate change issues arising from increased emissions. This study examines a system for the production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources as well as its use in buses. The electricity requirements for the production of hydrogen through the electrolysis of water, are covered by renewable energy sources. Fuel cells are being used to utilize hydrogen to power the bus. Exergy analysis for the system is carried out. Based on a steady-state model of the processes, exergy efficiencies are calculated for all subsystems. The subsystems with the highest proportion of irreversibility are identified and compared. It is shown that PV panel has exergetic efficiency of 12.74%, wind turbine of 45%, electrolysis of 67%, and fuel cells of 40%.
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. Exergetic Aspects of Hydrogen Energy Systems—The Case Study of a Fuel Cell Bus. Sustainability 2017, 9, 276 .
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher J. Koroneos. Exergetic Aspects of Hydrogen Energy Systems—The Case Study of a Fuel Cell Bus. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. 2017. "Exergetic Aspects of Hydrogen Energy Systems—The Case Study of a Fuel Cell Bus." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 276.
Christopher Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. Environmental impact assessment of a ground source heat pump system in Greece. Geothermics 2017, 65, 1 -9.
AMA StyleChristopher Koroneos, Evanthia A. Nanaki. Environmental impact assessment of a ground source heat pump system in Greece. Geothermics. 2017; 65 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. 2017. "Environmental impact assessment of a ground source heat pump system in Greece." Geothermics 65, no. : 1-9.
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. Climate change mitigation and deployment of electric vehicles in urban areas. Renewable Energy 2016, 99, 1153 -1160.
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher Koroneos. Climate change mitigation and deployment of electric vehicles in urban areas. Renewable Energy. 2016; 99 ():1153-1160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. 2016. "Climate change mitigation and deployment of electric vehicles in urban areas." Renewable Energy 99, no. : 1153-1160.
The transportation sector is one of the largest sources of EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. In 2011, transportation represented approximately 25 percent of total EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO2 emissions of road transport and up to 70% of other pollutants from transport. As, transportation and mobility play a crucial part both in urban economics and the quality of life, it is of great significance to ensure a low carbon transportation sector, so as to deal with the threat that climate change poses to urban areas. This study examines the factors that affect the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as of air pollutants, in 9 major European cities, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge on the atmospheric pollution from public transportation systems. CO2 emissions as well as air pollutants, such as CO, HC, PM, NOx are calculated for the diesel and CNG bus fleets of the European cities under study. Finally the environmental benefits, in terms of CO2 and CO, HC, PM, NOx emissions reductions, from the penetration of different biodiesel blends (from B10 to B100) to the bus fleets are estimated.
E.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos; J. Roset; T. Susca; T.H. Christensen; S. De Gregorio Hurtado; A. Rybka; J. Kopitovic; O. Heidrich; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. Environmental assessment of 9 European public bus transportation systems. Sustainable Cities and Society 2016, 28, 42 -52.
AMA StyleE.A. Nanaki, C.J. Koroneos, J. Roset, T. Susca, T.H. Christensen, S. De Gregorio Hurtado, A. Rybka, J. Kopitovic, O. Heidrich, P. Amparo López-Jiménez. Environmental assessment of 9 European public bus transportation systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2016; 28 ():42-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos; J. Roset; T. Susca; T.H. Christensen; S. De Gregorio Hurtado; A. Rybka; J. Kopitovic; O. Heidrich; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. 2016. "Environmental assessment of 9 European public bus transportation systems." Sustainable Cities and Society 28, no. : 42-52.
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas emitted by vehicles. This study provides estimates of emissions of this important and often not well characterized greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to transportation energy use. It aims to assist urban community planners and policymakers to prioritize and choose implementation strategies for low carbon cities. The paper focuses on emissions of CH4 from vehicles. Unlike emissions of CO2, which are relatively easy to estimate, emissions of CH4 are a function of many complex aspects of combustion dynamics and depend on the type of emission control systems used. In this context, they cannot be derived easily and instead must be determined through the use of published emission factors for each combination of fuel, end-use technology, combustion conditions, and emission control systems. Emissions of CH4 play a significant role with regards to the relative CO2–equivalent GHG emissions of the use of alternative transportation fuels, in comparison with the use of conventional fuels. By analyzing a database based on literature review this study analyzes all the factors affecting the creation of CH4 emissions from different vehicle types. Statistical analysis indicated “r” values ranging from 0.10 to 0.85 for all vehicles.
George Dalianis; Evanthia Nanaki; George Xydis; Efthimios Zervas. New Aspects to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies for Low Carbon Cities. Energies 2016, 9, 128 .
AMA StyleGeorge Dalianis, Evanthia Nanaki, George Xydis, Efthimios Zervas. New Aspects to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies for Low Carbon Cities. Energies. 2016; 9 (3):128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Dalianis; Evanthia Nanaki; George Xydis; Efthimios Zervas. 2016. "New Aspects to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies for Low Carbon Cities." Energies 9, no. 3: 128.
The transportation sector is severely correlated with major problems in environment, citizens’ health, climate and economy. Issues such as traffic, fuel cost and parking space have make life more difficult, especially in the dense urban environment. Thus, there is a great need for the development of the electric vehicle (EV) sector. The number of cars in cities has increased so much that the current transportation system (roads, parking places, traffic lights, etc.) cannot accommodate them properly. The increasing number of vehicles does not affect only humans but also the environment, through air and noise pollution. According to EPA, the 39.2% of total gas emissions in 2007 was caused by transportation activities. Studies have shown that the pollutants are not only gathered in the major roads and/or highways but can travel depending on the meteorological conditions leading to generic pollution. The promotion of EVs and the charging stations are both equally required to be further developed in order EVs to move out of the cities and finally confront the range problem. In this work, a wind resource and a GIS analysis optimizes in a wider area the sitting of wind based charging stations and proposes an optimizing methodology.
George Xydis; Evanthia Nanaki. Wind Energy Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Sitting. A GIS/Wind Resource Assessment Approach. Challenges 2015, 6, 258 -270.
AMA StyleGeorge Xydis, Evanthia Nanaki. Wind Energy Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Sitting. A GIS/Wind Resource Assessment Approach. Challenges. 2015; 6 (2):258-270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Xydis; Evanthia Nanaki. 2015. "Wind Energy Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Sitting. A GIS/Wind Resource Assessment Approach." Challenges 6, no. 2: 258-270.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by road transport vehicles as a direct result of fossil fuel combustion and other environmental pollutants released throughout the life cycle of petroleum based fuels, encourage a shift towards alternative transport fuels. Within this frame, an environmental assessment was performed so as to evaluate the environmental implications of alternative fuels (natural gas and biofuels) penetration in the city buses of the city of Athens. The results are evaluated in terms of CO2, CO, HC, PM and NOx emissions. The findings show that CO2 emissions are significantly reduced in CNG buses compared to diesel powered buses. CO2 emissions can also be reduced by 7.85% in B10 blends and 78.45% in B100 blends, compared to diesel. The environmental assessment can be considered as a basis so as to investigate the viability of replacement of petroleum- based diesel with natural gas and biofuels in city transport buses. Concepts for sustainable bus transportation can be incorporated using the methodology defined in this study, in order to promote a sustainable transportation system and mitigate the climate change.
E.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos; George Xydis; D. Rovas. Comparative environmental assessment of Athens urban buses—Diesel, CNG and biofuel powered. Transport Policy 2014, 35, 311 -318.
AMA StyleE.A. Nanaki, C.J. Koroneos, George Xydis, D. Rovas. Comparative environmental assessment of Athens urban buses—Diesel, CNG and biofuel powered. Transport Policy. 2014; 35 ():311-318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos; George Xydis; D. Rovas. 2014. "Comparative environmental assessment of Athens urban buses—Diesel, CNG and biofuel powered." Transport Policy 35, no. : 311-318.
In the current paper, the wind potential of a relatively flat area in central Peloponnese in Greece has been studied. The chosen region was selected based on environmental criteria and the wind speed was correlated based on the measurements of three specific mountainous sites in the wider plateau area using a Wind Resource Analysis (WRA) modeling methodology. Digital elevation data sets were used for the modeling procedure together with the Wind Atlas Analysis Program for the correlation process and the basic aim was to evaluate and identify appropriate sites for wind farm development within the flat area and compare the estimated net power output with the net power output from mountainous sites in the wider central Peloponnese area. Dust dispersion mapping from mining operations in the area contributed also to defining the physical boundaries for wind farm development.
G. Xydis; E.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos. Comparative wind farm planning on a high plateau: Dust dispersion as a sitting constraint. Land Use Policy 2014, 39, 22 -33.
AMA StyleG. Xydis, E.A. Nanaki, C.J. Koroneos. Comparative wind farm planning on a high plateau: Dust dispersion as a sitting constraint. Land Use Policy. 2014; 39 ():22-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Xydis; E.A. Nanaki; C.J. Koroneos. 2014. "Comparative wind farm planning on a high plateau: Dust dispersion as a sitting constraint." Land Use Policy 39, no. : 22-33.
Sustainable Development (SD) is a very commonly used phrase in the political agenda of all European countries and in the bussiness agenda of many corporations. SD as it has been defined my the Brundland report, is not a luxury anymore, it has become a necessity for our planet to keep its existence as we know it. It is necessary to apply various policy decision tools in order to reach the required objectives on all the three pillars of sustainable development, i.e. environment, economy, society. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of those tools necessary to make the right policy decisions concerning the environmental part of sustainable development. Since LCA takes into consideration the whole life cycle of a product, it could also be used not only as a tool but also as a way of thinking, leading to playing a very important role in strategy orientation. The development of new products, the operation of existing processes, the operation of the public and the private sectors, need LCA to reach decisions that will have a minimum or no impacr to the environment. The objective of this work is to show the importance of LCA and its necessity for all policy decisions.
Christopher Koroneos; Evanthia Nanaki; Dimitri Rovas; Magdalini Krokida. Life Cycle Assessment: A Strategic Tool for Sustainable Development Decisions. Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleChristopher Koroneos, Evanthia Nanaki, Dimitri Rovas, Magdalini Krokida. Life Cycle Assessment: A Strategic Tool for Sustainable Development Decisions. Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Koroneos; Evanthia Nanaki; Dimitri Rovas; Magdalini Krokida. 2013. "Life Cycle Assessment: A Strategic Tool for Sustainable Development Decisions." Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as well as electric vehicles are recognized as one of the most promising avenues to materially reduce automobile contributions to petroleum dependency, air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions. Based on published data from various sources an economic and environmental comparison of a conventional, hybrid and electric vehicle – currently available at the Greek market – is performed. The production and utilization stages of the vehicles are taken into consideration. Three different electricity generation scenarios-high, medium and low carbon – are investigated. According to the comparison hybrid and electric cars exhibit advantages over conventional. In a carbon free electricity generation scenario the environmental benefits of electric cars are significant since 55.2% of the total Greenhouse gas emissions and 61.4% of the total Air Pollution emissions are stemming from conventional car; whereas 6.85% and 5.76% of total air emissions produced are emanating from electric car. It is shown that the environmental impact of electric car use depends on the source of electricity. Furthermore, three scenarios regarding the penetration rate of alternative energy propulsion systems into the Greek market are investigated for the years 2012–2025.
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. Comparative economic and environmental analysis of conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles – the case study of Greece. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013, 53, 261 -266.
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher J. Koroneos. Comparative economic and environmental analysis of conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles – the case study of Greece. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2013; 53 ():261-266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher J. Koroneos. 2013. "Comparative economic and environmental analysis of conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles – the case study of Greece." Journal of Cleaner Production 53, no. : 261-266.
The technical and environmental performance of a solar water heater (SWH) is examined using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA). The present LCA study quantifies the environmental benefits of the installation of a SWH with electricity as auxiliary for domestic use in the city of Thessaloniki. Solar thermal heating produces no emissions during operation but some small levels of emissions are produced during the manufacture and installation of components and systems. This work examines the manufacturing stages of the SWH and records resource consumption and waste streams to the environment. The system boundary includes the production of raw materials such as steel, glass, copper, aluminium, glass fibber and polyurethane insulators, the manufacturing of the various parts of the SWH such as the solar collector and the heat storage tank, and finally the assembly process. The functional unit chosen is 1 MW of produced hot water. The environmental impacts taken into consideration in the study, are the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, heavy metals, carcinogens, winter smog and summer smog. The system can provide 1702 kWh year-1 and the solar contribution is 58.5%. The financial characteristics of the system investigated give life cycle savings equal to 4280.0 and pay-back time equal to 5 years. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Christopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. Life cycle environmental impact assessment of a solar water heater. Journal of Cleaner Production 2012, 37, 154 -161.
AMA StyleChristopher J. Koroneos, Evanthia A. Nanaki. Life cycle environmental impact assessment of a solar water heater. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2012; 37 ():154-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. 2012. "Life cycle environmental impact assessment of a solar water heater." Journal of Cleaner Production 37, no. : 154-161.
Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reached an all-time high in 2010, rising 45% in the past 20 years. The rise of peoples’ concerns regarding environmental problems such as global warming and waste management problem has led to a movement to convert the current mass-production, mass-consumption, and mass-disposal type economic society into a sustainable society. The Rio Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, and other similar environmental milestone activities and happenings, documented the need for better and more detailed knowledge and information about environmental conditions, trends, and impacts. New thinking and research with regard to indicator frameworks, methodologies, and actual indicators are also needed. The value of the overall indicators depends on the production procedure of each material, and indicates their environmental impact. The use of “exergy indicators” based on the exergy content of materials and the use of the second law of thermodynamics in this work presents the relationship between exergy content and environmental impact.
Christopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki; George A. Xydis. Sustainability Indicators for the Use of Resources—The Exergy Approach. Sustainability 2012, 4, 1867 -1878.
AMA StyleChristopher J. Koroneos, Evanthia A. Nanaki, George A. Xydis. Sustainability Indicators for the Use of Resources—The Exergy Approach. Sustainability. 2012; 4 (8):1867-1878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki; George A. Xydis. 2012. "Sustainability Indicators for the Use of Resources—The Exergy Approach." Sustainability 4, no. 8: 1867-1878.
Innovative strategies are needed to deal with the waste we produce today to prevent it from causing problems for future generations. As waste management issues gain public awareness, concern has risen about the appropriateness of various disposal methods. The objective of this work is the environmental assessment of different municipal solid waste treatment strategies for the city of Thessaloniki, within the methodological frameworks of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Integrated Solid Waste Management strategy, taking into account social, environmental and economic effects. The waste management methods in this study include: landfill of all waste fractions, recycling of paper, and anaerobic digestion of food waste in a biological treatment plant. The waste fractions considered are the total amount of food, paper and plastic waste produced in Thessaloniki during the period of one year. Environmental impacts are decreased when the solid waste management methods include some kind of recovery from waste. The results of this work indicate that paper recycling and anaerobic digestion of food waste is preferable compared to landfilling. It is also shown that landfilling of food waste utilizing the biocells method is more attractive than anaerobic digestion in a separate plant; nevertheless, energy recovery is about 45% lower. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Christopher Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. Integrated solid waste management and energy production - a life cycle assessment approach: the case study of the city of Thessaloniki. Journal of Cleaner Production 2012, 27, 141 -150.
AMA StyleChristopher Koroneos, Evanthia A. Nanaki. Integrated solid waste management and energy production - a life cycle assessment approach: the case study of the city of Thessaloniki. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2012; 27 ():141-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki. 2012. "Integrated solid waste management and energy production - a life cycle assessment approach: the case study of the city of Thessaloniki." Journal of Cleaner Production 27, no. : 141-150.
The energy fuels used for in the Greek transport sector are made up of gasoline consumed by automobiles, diesel oil consumed by taxis, trucks, maritime transport and railroads, and jet fuel used in the aircrafts. All these fuels are hydrocarbons that emit great amounts of CO2 which has a major impact in the global warming phenomenon. The issues relating to climate change, the soaring energy prices, and the uncertainty of future oil supplies, have created a strong interest in alternative transportation fuels. During the past decade biofuels in the form of blended gasoline and biodiesel have begun to find place in energy economy. The Greek car market shows a remarkably low rate in the penetration of biodiesel compared to the average European Union market. This work compares the environmental impacts of the use of gasoline, diesel and biodiesel in Greece using as a tool for the comparison the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The environmental impacts taken into consideration include: organic respiratory effects, inorganic respiratory effects, fossil fuels, acidification - eutrophication, greenhouse effect, ecotoxicity and carginogenic effects. From the environmental point of view, biodiesel appears attractive since its use results in significant reductions of GHG emissions in comparison to gasoline and diesel. It also has lower well-to-wheel emissions of methane. However, the use of biodiesel as transportation fuel increases emissions of PM10, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous; the latter are the main agents for eutrophication. This study can be considered as an opportunity for further research and evaluate the available options for a sustainable transportation system planning in Greece. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. Comparative LCA of the use of biodiesel, diesel and gasoline for transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2012, 20, 14 -19.
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher Koroneos. Comparative LCA of the use of biodiesel, diesel and gasoline for transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2012; 20 (1):14-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. 2012. "Comparative LCA of the use of biodiesel, diesel and gasoline for transportation." Journal of Cleaner Production 20, no. 1: 14-19.
Society's attitude toward seismic risk, in the last few years, has evolved from fatalistic to proactive. This paper presents an approach in the area of seismic risk management. The objective is to implement a methodology in a seismic prone area in an earthquake risk management framework, based on the case study of the island of Lefkada. A tool to assist in the selection of an intervention proactive strategy is the multi-criteria analysis. The outranking method ELECTRE III is used as decision-aid in earthquake risk management problems. Its application to decision support for earthquake risk management in the island of Lefkada is presented.
Evanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. Earthquake risk management: the case study of Lefkada Island. International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences 2012, 4, 48 .
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher Koroneos. Earthquake risk management: the case study of Lefkada Island. International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences. 2012; 4 (1):48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki; Christopher Koroneos. 2012. "Earthquake risk management: the case study of Lefkada Island." International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences 4, no. 1: 48.
In this work, an analysis is being done on the concept of energy and exergy utilization and an application to the residential and industrial sector of Greece. The energy and exergy flows over the period from 1990 to 2004 were taken into consideration. This period was chosen based on the data reliability. The energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated for the residential and industrial sectors and compared to the findings of a previous study concerning the exergy efficiency of the Greek transport sector. The residential energy and exergy efficiencies for the year 2003 were 22.36% and 20.92%, respectively, whereas the industrial energy and exergy efficiencies for the same year were 53.72% and 51.34%, respectively. The analysis of energy and exergy utilization determines the efficiency of the economy as a whole. The results can play an important role in the establishment of efficiency standards of the energy use in various economy sectors. These standards could be utilized by energy policy makers.
Christopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki; George Xydis. Exergy analysis of the energy use in Greece. Energy Policy 2011, 39, 2475 -2481.
AMA StyleChristopher J. Koroneos, Evanthia A. Nanaki, George Xydis. Exergy analysis of the energy use in Greece. Energy Policy. 2011; 39 (5):2475-2481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher J. Koroneos; Evanthia A. Nanaki; George Xydis. 2011. "Exergy analysis of the energy use in Greece." Energy Policy 39, no. 5: 2475-2481.
Energy usage, in the Greek transport sector, takes the form of gasoline consumption by automobiles, diesel oil for taxis, trucks, maritime transport, and railroads as well as jet fuel for aircraft. The control of CO2 emissions constitutes a major environmental issue in most countries and many authorities seek to stabilize or decrease these emissions. During the past decade, biofuels in the form of blended gasoline and biodiesel have begun to find places in the energy economy since a sustainable transport future requires the reduction of CO2 emissions. The Greek car market shows a remarkably low rate in the penetration of biodiesel compared to the average European Union market. In this study we try to find out the combined effects of probable changes in biodiesel and gasoline future fuel consumption in the city of Athens.
Evanthia A. Nanaki. Environmental Comparison of the Use of Biodiesel and Gasoline for Transportation — A Case Study for Athens. Indoor and Built Environment 2009, 18, 416 -423.
AMA StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki. Environmental Comparison of the Use of Biodiesel and Gasoline for Transportation — A Case Study for Athens. Indoor and Built Environment. 2009; 18 (5):416-423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvanthia A. Nanaki. 2009. "Environmental Comparison of the Use of Biodiesel and Gasoline for Transportation — A Case Study for Athens." Indoor and Built Environment 18, no. 5: 416-423.