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People migrate from rural to urban areas. In the meantime, the benefits of staying in greener areas are also known. People’s preferences might be different by area that is composed of several land types. If so, the effect of particular land cover on human well-being is different spatially. The spatial analysis is required to formulate effective land-use policies. Here we show that urban land, water, and grassland are positively related to human well-being, whereas bare land is negatively associated in Japan. A 1 $${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$$ m 2 increase in the area of urban land per capita in a city is equivalent to an about 346 USD increase in the individual annual income of all the people in the city. Additionally, monetary values of areas of water, crops, and bare land per capita are 102, − 30, and − 268 $$\mathrm{USD}/\mathrm{Capita }{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$$ USD / Capita m 2 . Furthermore, the spatial context matters to the relationship between land cover and human well-being. This paper investigates the monetary values of several land types and their spatial variability, which provides insights to make better usage for land cover.
Chao Li; Shunsuke Managi. Land cover matters to human well-being. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -18.
AMA StyleChao Li, Shunsuke Managi. Land cover matters to human well-being. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Li; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Land cover matters to human well-being." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-18.
Improving energy efficiency is a highly effective policy for protecting the environment and preserving resources. Previous studies have measured energy efficiency in the industrial sector. We further contribute to understanding the factors that affect energy efficiency changes. This study measures energy efficiency based on plant-level data in Japan's paper/pulp and cement industries as representative energy intensive sectors. We analyze the relationship between the industrial agglomeration effect and the energy efficiency of each studied industry. Our results reflect several important findings. First, energy efficiency has improved in the paper and pulp industry as well as the cement industry between 2000 and 2010. However, the factors for improving energy efficiency differ between the industries. Second, industrial agglomeration affects energy efficiency. In the paper and pulp industry, the same industry agglomerations contribute to improvements in energy efficiency. However, the agglomeration effect is negative for energy efficiency in the cement industry. Our results indicate that one must consider regional circumstances more carefully when seeking to improve energy efficiency.
Kenta Tanaka; Shunsuke Managi. Industrial agglomeration effect for energy efficiency in Japanese production plants. Energy Policy 2021, 156, 112442 .
AMA StyleKenta Tanaka, Shunsuke Managi. Industrial agglomeration effect for energy efficiency in Japanese production plants. Energy Policy. 2021; 156 ():112442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenta Tanaka; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Industrial agglomeration effect for energy efficiency in Japanese production plants." Energy Policy 156, no. : 112442.
This study investigates the effect of social capital and negative events in 37 countries across six continents on subjective well-being, to improve the quality of life in creating sustainable cities and communities. Using large-scale, original, individual-level, cross-sectional survey data, we examine the relationships among negative events in social networks, social capital, and individuals’ subjective well-being. The negative impacts of these events on life satisfaction were found in both high-income and non-high-income countries. Moreover, people’s well-being was highly associated with well-organized social networks across all 37 countries, whereas the magnitude of the effects varied, this might be because the benefits realized from social network are variated across countries. Policies aimed at improving life satisfaction should not only focus on increasing the household income but also consider the substantial impact of social capital.
Xiangdan Piao; Xinxin Ma; Tetsuya Tsurumi; Shunsuke Managi. Social Capital, Negative Event, Life Satisfaction and Sustainable Community: Evidence from 37 Countries. Applied Research in Quality of Life 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleXiangdan Piao, Xinxin Ma, Tetsuya Tsurumi, Shunsuke Managi. Social Capital, Negative Event, Life Satisfaction and Sustainable Community: Evidence from 37 Countries. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiangdan Piao; Xinxin Ma; Tetsuya Tsurumi; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Social Capital, Negative Event, Life Satisfaction and Sustainable Community: Evidence from 37 Countries." Applied Research in Quality of Life , no. : 1-20.
Tunisia is experiencing rapid social and economic expectations. The penetration of information and communication technology (ICT) might be useful for green economic development. This paper takes a novel use of the logistic smooth transition regression model in studying the pattern from the link between economic growth and CO2 emissions over the period 1970–2018. The results indicate that the pattern of CO2 emissions follows a nonlinear model with ICT as a transition variable affecting the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) and CO2 emissions. More ICT use improves carbon efficiency. The results showed that ICT could boost economic growth and mitigate climate change.
Béchir Ben Lahouel; Lotfi Taleb; Younes Ben Zaied; Shunsuke Managi. Does ICT change the relationship between total factor productivity and CO2 emissions? Evidence based on a nonlinear model. Energy Economics 2021, 101, 105406 .
AMA StyleBéchir Ben Lahouel, Lotfi Taleb, Younes Ben Zaied, Shunsuke Managi. Does ICT change the relationship between total factor productivity and CO2 emissions? Evidence based on a nonlinear model. Energy Economics. 2021; 101 ():105406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBéchir Ben Lahouel; Lotfi Taleb; Younes Ben Zaied; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Does ICT change the relationship between total factor productivity and CO2 emissions? Evidence based on a nonlinear model." Energy Economics 101, no. : 105406.
This paper assesses the impact of resource accessibility, seed sources and varietal diversification on the production efficiency of Sri Lankan rice growers using farm and household level survey data. The empirical results show that there are opportunities for average Sri Lankan rice farmers to further improve production efficiency by up to 30%. Among the variables, those related to resource accessibility, age, migration, income sources and agricultural training are all found to affect production efficiency. Furthermore, we find that households relying only on their own saved seeds are less efficient compared to those who had purchased seeds from markets. In addition, this study indicates that varietal diversification significantly reduces production efficiency.
Kanesh Suresh; Clevo Wilson; Uttam Khanal; Shunsuke Managi; Samithamby Santhirakumar. How productive are rice farmers in Sri Lanka? The impact of resource accessibility, seed sources and varietal diversification. Heliyon 2021, 7, e07398 .
AMA StyleKanesh Suresh, Clevo Wilson, Uttam Khanal, Shunsuke Managi, Samithamby Santhirakumar. How productive are rice farmers in Sri Lanka? The impact of resource accessibility, seed sources and varietal diversification. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (6):e07398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanesh Suresh; Clevo Wilson; Uttam Khanal; Shunsuke Managi; Samithamby Santhirakumar. 2021. "How productive are rice farmers in Sri Lanka? The impact of resource accessibility, seed sources and varietal diversification." Heliyon 7, no. 6: e07398.
Several studies have investigated the effect of environmental taxes on economic growth and carbon emissions. However, limited studies have quantitatively identified the connection between environmental taxes and technological innovations. The main focus of this study is to investigate the causal relations between environmental taxes and environment-related technological innovation with a holistic, robust model with significant statistical power. This model consists of panel cointegration analysis considering the cross-sectional dependence, applied to quantify the effects of environmental taxes on environment-related technological innovation in high and middle-income 42 countries from 1995 to 2018. The long-run results suggest that environmental taxes stimulate technological innovation; for example, a 1% increase in environmental taxes was found to increase environment-related technological innovation by 0.57 and 0.78% on average for high and middle-income countries using the CCEMG and AMG techniques, respectively. The policy implications of this study suggest that imposing environmental taxes can accelerate the advancement of environmental-related technologies for reducing carbon emission and sustainable development in high and middle-income nations, with possible applications in a broad range of nations, particularly as an evidence base for developing nations to shorten energy transition timelines.
Shamal Chandra Karmaker; Shahadat Hosan; Andrew J. Chapman; Bidyut Baran Saha. The role of environmental taxes on technological innovation. Energy 2021, 232, 121052 .
AMA StyleShamal Chandra Karmaker, Shahadat Hosan, Andrew J. Chapman, Bidyut Baran Saha. The role of environmental taxes on technological innovation. Energy. 2021; 232 ():121052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShamal Chandra Karmaker; Shahadat Hosan; Andrew J. Chapman; Bidyut Baran Saha. 2021. "The role of environmental taxes on technological innovation." Energy 232, no. : 121052.
Qiang Ji; Shunsuke Managi; Dayong Zhang. Managing climate risks for a sustainable future: adaptation strategies and resilience building. Sustainability Science 2021, 16, 1071 -1072.
AMA StyleQiang Ji, Shunsuke Managi, Dayong Zhang. Managing climate risks for a sustainable future: adaptation strategies and resilience building. Sustainability Science. 2021; 16 (4):1071-1072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Ji; Shunsuke Managi; Dayong Zhang. 2021. "Managing climate risks for a sustainable future: adaptation strategies and resilience building." Sustainability Science 16, no. 4: 1071-1072.
As a market for sustainability investing is growing rapidly, understanding the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities on firms’ financial performance is becoming increasingly important. In this study, we examine the effect of ESG performance on stock returns and volatility during the financial crisis resulting from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. To quantify the impact, we use company-level daily ESG score data and United Nations Global Compact (GC) score data. In our dataset, ESG scores indicate ESG performance that is deemed important to financial materiality, and the GC score indicates the firm reputation for following UN rules. Our results indicate that during the pandemic, an increase in the ESG score, especially the E score component, is related to higher returns and lower volatility. Conversely, increasing GC scores is correlated with lower stock returns and higher volatility. In addition, we find that firms in lower return groups benefit more than other firms. Focusing on energy sector impacts, we show that although the non-energy sector benefits more than the energy sector from increasing E scores, energy sector firms can still reduce their stock price volatility by increasing these scores. Our study offers significant implications for ESG investment strategies during financial crises.
Sunbin Yoo; Alexander Ryota Keeley; Shunsuke Managi. Does sustainability activities performance matter during financial crises? Investigating the case of COVID-19. Energy Policy 2021, 155, 112330 .
AMA StyleSunbin Yoo, Alexander Ryota Keeley, Shunsuke Managi. Does sustainability activities performance matter during financial crises? Investigating the case of COVID-19. Energy Policy. 2021; 155 ():112330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunbin Yoo; Alexander Ryota Keeley; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Does sustainability activities performance matter during financial crises? Investigating the case of COVID-19." Energy Policy 155, no. : 112330.
We investigate whether the information disclosure of Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) criteria is more crucial than actions for the financial performance of firms by using two different ratings with more than 1,000,000 samples. Our result shows that disclosure is more important for profits while action is more critical in Tobin’s Q and IVA scores.
Sunbin Yoo; Shunsuke Managi. Disclosure or action: Evaluating ESG behavior towards financial performance. Finance Research Letters 2021, 102108 .
AMA StyleSunbin Yoo, Shunsuke Managi. Disclosure or action: Evaluating ESG behavior towards financial performance. Finance Research Letters. 2021; ():102108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunbin Yoo; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Disclosure or action: Evaluating ESG behavior towards financial performance." Finance Research Letters , no. : 102108.
Sustainable development requires a nondeclining growth of the productive base or comprehensive wealth of an economy. We use the concept of inclusive wealth (IW) to assess national wealth and sustainability. IW comprises natural, human, and produced capital. With multisource data and GIS technology, this study created a pixel-level IW database for China and Japan in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Using the high-resolution data, we first conducted a multiscalar analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of IW and investigated the contributions of component capital to IW change. Then, we employed the decomposition of the Theil and Gini indices to explore the spatial wealth inequality and its driving forces. The multiscalar analysis reveals that sustainability evaluation in terms of IW is sensitive to geographical scales and that the contributions of capital types to IW growth are spatially heterogeneous. Although national IW increases in China and Japan, certain regions lose wealth within the country, and the proportion of those unsustainable areas increases as the analysis unit gets smaller. According to the inequality analysis, the spatial distribution of wealth is highly imbalanced with a substantial urban–rural divide and coastal-inland gap in both countries, and the total wealth inequality and these gaps widen from 2000 to 2015. China is experiencing significant structural changes in wealth composition. In particular, the structural shift to produced capital, for which the distribution is the most uneven, dominates the increasing trend of wealth inequality in China. In Japan, the wealth structure is stable, while depopulation in rural areas and the concentration of human capital in metropolises enhance spatial wealth inequality.
Bingqi Zhang; Wataru Nozawa; Shunsuke Managi. Spatial inequality of inclusive wealth in China and Japan. Economic Analysis and Policy 2021, 71, 164 -179.
AMA StyleBingqi Zhang, Wataru Nozawa, Shunsuke Managi. Spatial inequality of inclusive wealth in China and Japan. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2021; 71 ():164-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingqi Zhang; Wataru Nozawa; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Spatial inequality of inclusive wealth in China and Japan." Economic Analysis and Policy 71, no. : 164-179.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has already caused 1,405,029 deaths worldwide, as of November 25th, 2020. Assessing whether land cover in people’s living environments affects COVID-19 health outcomes is an urgent and crucial public health problem. Here, we examine land cover data associated with the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 at the county-level, in the United States. A 1% increase in green space in the county is associated with a statistically significant 0.34% (95% confidence interval 0.13%-0.55%) decrease in the county’s COVID-19 CFR, and a 1% increase in emergent herbaceous wetlands are correlated with a 1.65% (0.19%-3.11%) decrease in the CFR. In addition, a 1% increase in high intensity developed area among the total developed area is related to a significant 3.63% (2.14%-5.12%) increase in the CFR, while a 1% increase in medium intensity developed area is associated with a 0.75% (-0.02%-1.51%) decrease. Our research highlights that governments could prevent similar pandemics in the future and even achieve some sustainable development goals by decreasing development intensity and increasing green space in living environments.
Chao Li; Shunsuke Managi. Land Cover Pattern and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleChao Li, Shunsuke Managi. Land Cover Pattern and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Li; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Land Cover Pattern and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19." , no. : 1.
David Broadstock; Qiang Ji; Shunsuke Managi; Dayong Zhang. Pathways to carbon neutrality: Challenges and opportunities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 169, 105472 .
AMA StyleDavid Broadstock, Qiang Ji, Shunsuke Managi, Dayong Zhang. Pathways to carbon neutrality: Challenges and opportunities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 169 ():105472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Broadstock; Qiang Ji; Shunsuke Managi; Dayong Zhang. 2021. "Pathways to carbon neutrality: Challenges and opportunities." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 169, no. : 105472.
There is increasing interest in investigating sustainable energy to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions and promote energy sustainability. We contribute to the existing literature by examining people's’ knowledge of energy sustainability and concerns about the importance of energy sustainability. Therefore, we investigate the linkage between self-reported knowledge and concerns about energy sustainability by identifying the role of gender via concepts of holistic associations and cause-effect logic. This study utilizes a large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 countries and shows contrasts among individuals. In most countries males report having more knowledge about energy sustainability than females, while females are more concerned about the importance of energy sustainability than males. These results are consistent with the evidence that males are stronger in regard to cause-effect logic and females are stronger in holistic associations. Integrating both styles of thinking would be beneficial for the decision-making process concerning energy sustainability and energy conservation practices. The findings highlight the need for further research to uncover how to integrate both concepts among gender groups to promote better decisions about sustainable energy.
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi; Shunsuke Managi. Preferences for energy sustainability: Different effects of gender on knowledge and importance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 141, 110767 .
AMA StyleJanaki Imbulana Arachchi, Shunsuke Managi. Preferences for energy sustainability: Different effects of gender on knowledge and importance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 141 ():110767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanaki Imbulana Arachchi; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Preferences for energy sustainability: Different effects of gender on knowledge and importance." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141, no. : 110767.
The analysis of specific economic indexes suggests that the economic damage from the 2020 COVID-19 crisis (coronavirus pandemic, apparently first spread from Wuhan, China) may exceed that of the 2008 global financial crisis dating to around September 15, 2008. Thus, by comparing the first four months after these crises, the purpose of this study is to estimate the economic damage of the supply-chain disruptions (i.e., the supply constraints) in the mining and manufacturing (M&M) sectors. Employing the supply-driven input–output (IO) model for the world (35 countries in 56 sectors), the results show that the supply-chain damage from COVID-19 is 1.248%, when compared to the annual gross domestic production (GDP), in the overall sectors, 4.443% in the M&M sectors, and 0.362% in other sectors, which are approximately 1.4 times the figures from the 2008 crisis.
Michiyuki Yagi; Shunsuke Managi. Global supply constraints from the 2008 and COVID-19 crises. Economic Analysis and Policy 2021, 69, 514 -528.
AMA StyleMichiyuki Yagi, Shunsuke Managi. Global supply constraints from the 2008 and COVID-19 crises. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2021; 69 ():514-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichiyuki Yagi; Shunsuke Managi. 2021. "Global supply constraints from the 2008 and COVID-19 crises." Economic Analysis and Policy 69, no. : 514-528.
This paper examines the effect of remittance income on energy consumption and the economy between 1976 and 2019 in the four highest remittance recipient nations of South Asia. The detailed analysis explores long-run and directional relationships utilizing stationary tests, the panel cointegration test, dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), and Granger causality tests using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study reveals the presence of long-run relationships among remittances, energy consumption, GDP and urbanization. Cointegrating regression identifies that remittance income, economic growth and urbanization individually have a positive and significant effect on energy consumption in the long-run. Results showed that a 1% increase in remittance income results in a 0.045% increase in energy consumption. Among nations analyzed, this effect was found to be strongly dominant in case of Bangladesh and Pakistan. The statistically significant and negative coefficient of the error correction term confirms long-run causality from remittance, GDP, and urbanization toward energy consumption. Variance decomposition analysis demonstrated that energy usage is heavily impacted by remittance inflows among studied variables. Policy implications of this study suggest that higher remittance inflows will increase energy consumption in South Asian countries, engendering positive economic growth and sustainable development.
Matiar Rahman; Shahadat Hosan; Shamal Chandra Karmaker; Andrew J. Chapman; Bidyut Baran Saha. The effect of remittance on energy consumption: Panel cointegration and dynamic causality analysis for South Asian countries. Energy 2020, 220, 119684 .
AMA StyleMatiar Rahman, Shahadat Hosan, Shamal Chandra Karmaker, Andrew J. Chapman, Bidyut Baran Saha. The effect of remittance on energy consumption: Panel cointegration and dynamic causality analysis for South Asian countries. Energy. 2020; 220 ():119684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatiar Rahman; Shahadat Hosan; Shamal Chandra Karmaker; Andrew J. Chapman; Bidyut Baran Saha. 2020. "The effect of remittance on energy consumption: Panel cointegration and dynamic causality analysis for South Asian countries." Energy 220, no. : 119684.
Background: Covid-19 pandemic shows a continuously increasing trend with a huge variation in the number of Covid-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical methods of intervention such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) with several control variables of Covid-19 deaths. Methods: We retrieved data from open access databases and our survey data. Covid-19 deaths related data were collected from the website “Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital related data was collected from a large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 countries that including web-based and face-to-face surveys covering all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, hospital beds numbers, and population age 65 or older, was retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data on country lockdown was obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and Covid-19 deaths. Results: We found that Covid-19 deaths are associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more Covid-19 deaths and family bond and security were associated with less deaths. Covid-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, aging population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital related factors and aging population. Furthermore, number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with Covid-19 deaths. Conclusions: The results indicate that the role of social capital on dynamically evolving threats such as the current Covid-19 pandemic does not always negatively or positively. Therefore, countries require changes of behavior of people to response Covid-19 threat.
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi; Shunsuke Managi. The Role of Social Capital on Covid-19 Deaths. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJanaki Imbulana Arachchi, Shunsuke Managi. The Role of Social Capital on Covid-19 Deaths. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanaki Imbulana Arachchi; Shunsuke Managi. 2020. "The Role of Social Capital on Covid-19 Deaths." , no. : 1.
This research undertakes an investigation of global fuel cell vehicle (FCV) deployment, cognizant of optimal economic deployment and stakeholder preferences in a case study of Japan out to the year 2050. The model is mathematically formulated as a large-scale linear optimization problem, aiming to minimize system costs, including generation type, fuel, conversion, and carbon reduction, subject to the constraint of carbon dioxide reduction targets. Results show that between ∼0.8 and 2% of global energy consumption needs can be met by hydrogen by 2050, with city gas and transport emerging as significant use cases. Passenger FCVs and hydrogen buses account for most of the hydrogen-based transportation sector, leading to a global deployment of ∼120 million FCVs by 2050. Hydrogen production is reliant on fossil fuels, and OECD nations are net importers – especially Japan. To underpin hydrogen production from fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage is required in significant quantities when anticipating a large fleet of FCVs. Stakeholder engagement suggests optimism toward FCV deployment while policy issues identified include the necessity for large-scale future energy system investment and rapid technical and economic feasibility progress for renewables and electrolysers to achieve a hydrogen economy which is not reliant on fossil fuels.
Andrew Chapman; Dinh Hoa Nguyen; Hadi Farabi‐Asl; Kenshi Itaoka; Katsuhiko Hirose; Yasumasa Fujii. Hydrogen penetration and fuel cell vehicle deployment in the carbon constrained future energy system. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation 2020, 10, 409 -416.
AMA StyleAndrew Chapman, Dinh Hoa Nguyen, Hadi Farabi‐Asl, Kenshi Itaoka, Katsuhiko Hirose, Yasumasa Fujii. Hydrogen penetration and fuel cell vehicle deployment in the carbon constrained future energy system. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation. 2020; 10 (4):409-416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Chapman; Dinh Hoa Nguyen; Hadi Farabi‐Asl; Kenshi Itaoka; Katsuhiko Hirose; Yasumasa Fujii. 2020. "Hydrogen penetration and fuel cell vehicle deployment in the carbon constrained future energy system." IET Electrical Systems in Transportation 10, no. 4: 409-416.
As grandparental childcare in Japan becomes highly uncommon in recent years, working mothers need to rely more on formal childcare services. In 2015, the Japanese government launched the Comprehensive Support System for Children and Child-rearing (CSSCC) to promote the expansions of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. This study estimates the effects of ECEC availability on maternal employment in the new context, using a fresh dataset combining official municipality data and individual-level data of a sample of mothers with preschool children extracted from an original Japanese nationwide survey dataset for 2015, 2016, and 2017. Identification for the maternal employment effects is based on the variation across municipalities and over time in the pace of ECEC expansions triggered by the CSSCC. The empirical results show that a one percentage point increase in the capacity rate of ECEC facilities targeted at the 0–5 age group predicts an increase of 0.27 percentage points in mothers’ working probability. The overall increase in working probability is almost entirely explained by the increase in nonregular employment rather than regular employment and is mainly driven by mothers with low education. A new type of ECEC service established under the CSSCC for the 0–2 age group has a sizable effect exclusively on the nonregular employment of mothers from three-generation households. Comparisons with the findings by previous studies and implications for the future design and implementation of family policy are discussed.
Chi Zhang; Shunsuke Managi. Childcare availability and maternal employment: New evidence from Japan. Economic Analysis and Policy 2020, 69, 83 -105.
AMA StyleChi Zhang, Shunsuke Managi. Childcare availability and maternal employment: New evidence from Japan. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2020; 69 ():83-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi Zhang; Shunsuke Managi. 2020. "Childcare availability and maternal employment: New evidence from Japan." Economic Analysis and Policy 69, no. : 83-105.
This research aims to develop a social equity conscious policy making framework, cognizant of lifestyle, consumption, demographics, proactiveness and the distribution of costs and benefits across society. The proposed framework is applicable in multiple jurisdictions, wherever consumption, environmental footprint intensity, and basic societal demographic data are available. For preference weighting, a survey is undertaken to identify stakeholder preferences toward environmental issues and proactive behavior to reduce environmental burdens. A framework is developed and applied to the case study nation of Japan, which is undergoing shifting demographics including both an aging, shrinking population. This novel study demonstrates the nature of societal outcomes through the lens of inequity underpinned by lifestyle related environmental burdens (objective factors) and stakeholder preferences (subjective factors). We identify that the mitigation of environmental footprints leads to improved social equity outcomes, and that stakeholder proactiveness can positively influence both equity and consumption burden outcomes. A key finding is that broad participation is shown to be more effective than targeted participation. Research findings can assist policy makers through an identification of consumption, demographic and footprint trends and their impacts on social inequity and consumption burden outcomes.
Andrew John Chapman; Yosuke Shigetomi. Social Equity and Lifestyle Conscious Policy Making for the Energy Transition. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management 2020, 513 -524.
AMA StyleAndrew John Chapman, Yosuke Shigetomi. Social Equity and Lifestyle Conscious Policy Making for the Energy Transition. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management. 2020; ():513-524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew John Chapman; Yosuke Shigetomi. 2020. "Social Equity and Lifestyle Conscious Policy Making for the Energy Transition." Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management , no. : 513-524.
For deep carbon emission reductions beyond decarbonization of the energy supply, among reduction streams, recycling-induced elimination of materially retained carbon (MRC) releases to the atmosphere have a great direct reduction potential. Moreover, the use of recycled materials indirectly avoids the manifestation of cradle-to-gate carbon footprints of virgin materials that would otherwise enter anthropogenic cycles. These facts have been individually revealed by preceding studies on lifecycle assessment of recycling technologies and carbon footprint accounting. However, the limited focus on specific wastes and technologies for recycling might narrow the range for the future development of recycling activities. This study comprehensively quantifies the carbon emission reduction potential of recycling activities through an input-output based material flow analysis. Here, we reveal the Japanese economy-wide potential emission savings, both direct (12.8 × 106 t-CO2) and indirect (17.5 × 106 t-CO2), that could have been achieved through maximal MRC recycling from households (i.e. post-consumer recycling) in 2011, outweighing potential energy recovery through waste incineration (3.1 × 106 t-CO2). Further, we found that incineration of plastic-containing products currently not covered by recycling laws is likely to cause 3.9 × 106 t-CO2 emission. These are first-order estimates of reduction potentials of post-consumer recycling encompassing the entire national economic structure. Energy-induced carbon emissions in recycling activities are excluded from these estimates, allowing for deduction of acceptable energy usage for recycling activities. The identified structures of direct and indirect reductions on value chains allow for efficiently directing the advancement of recycling technologies and policies toward the deep decarbonization of society.
Hajime Ohno; Yosuke Shigetomi; Andrew Chapman; Yasuhiro Fukushima. Detailing the economy-wide carbon emission reduction potential of post-consumer recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 166, 105263 .
AMA StyleHajime Ohno, Yosuke Shigetomi, Andrew Chapman, Yasuhiro Fukushima. Detailing the economy-wide carbon emission reduction potential of post-consumer recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 166 ():105263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHajime Ohno; Yosuke Shigetomi; Andrew Chapman; Yasuhiro Fukushima. 2020. "Detailing the economy-wide carbon emission reduction potential of post-consumer recycling." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 166, no. : 105263.