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Monirul Islam
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

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Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Quarantining at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly restricted human mobility such as visits to parks, grocery stores, workplaces, retail places, and transit stations. In this research, we analyzed how the changes in human mobility during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from February to April 2020 (i.e., between 17 February and 30 April 2020), affected the daily CO2 emissions for countries having a high number of coronavirus cases at that time. Our daily time-series analyses indicated that when average hours spent at home increased, the amount of daily CO2 emissions declined significantly. The findings suggest that for all three countries (the US, India, and France), a 1% increase in the average duration spent in residential areas reduced daily CO2 emissions by 0.17 Mt, 0.10 Mt, and 0.01 Mt, respectively, during the first wave period. Thus, confining people into their homes contributes to cutting down CO2 emissions remarkably. However, the study also reveals those activities such as visiting parks and going grocery shopping increase CO2 emissions, suggesting that unnecessary human mobility is undesirable for the environment.

ACS Style

Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions? Sustainability 2021, 13, 8534 .

AMA Style

Kentaka Aruga, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat. Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. 2021. "Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions?" Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8534.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment
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This research aims to develop rice yield prediction models using satellite remote sensing-based vegetation indices at the optimum harvesting time before flash flooding. Five relevant vegetation indices, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), rice growth vegetation index (RGVI), moisture stress index (MSI), and leaf area index (LAI), were used to develop several empirical yield prediction models for rice production. For this research, Sentinel-2 images with 10 m spatial resolution was used for the haor area of Bangladesh. To calibrate and validate the remote sensing images at such large spatial and temporal scales, ground reference data of the vegetation indices were used. The generated models were validated using both parametric (simple and multiple) and nonparametric (artificial neural network, ANN) regression analyses. The crop yield models that were developed using regression analyses showed very significant agreement with the ground reference yield information. The best estimated performances for the RGVI (R2 = 0.44), NDVI (R2=0.63), NDVI (R2 = 0.55), and NDVI (R2 = 0.67) in the simple regression analyses were observed for 2017, 2018, and 2019 and the average of seasons from 2017 to 2019. On the other hand, the composite NDVI-RGVI (R2 = 0.65), NDVI-NDWI (R2 = 0.56), and NDVI-MSI (R2 = 0.69) indices were the best-performing vegetation indices for developing boro rice yield prediction models using multiple regression. Nevertheless, in the ANN-based machine-learning results, NDVI exhibited higher accuracy for the average boro rice season (2017–2019) by using a simple regression approach (R2 = 0.84) and multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.91) of the average NDVI-MSI composite index. Validation between the actual and predicted yields showed that more than 70% of the study area can be accurately predicted using vegetation indices with ground reference mean yield data. Moreover, in 2018, the predicted yields by using simple and multiple linear regression were 4.25 and 4.23 MT/ha, respectively. The developed models are applicable 118–132 days after planting (DAT) in any similar environment for agricultural practices. Therefore, the yield prediction models of boro rice at the maturity stage can be useful for farm risk management, insurance premium determinations, and relevant stakeholder decision-making to mitigate the effects of extreme flash flood events.

ACS Style

Monirul Islam; Shusuke Matsushita; Ryozo Noguchi; Tofael Ahamed. Development of remote sensing-based yield prediction models at the maturity stage of boro rice using parametric and nonparametric approaches. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 2021, 22, 100494 .

AMA Style

Monirul Islam, Shusuke Matsushita, Ryozo Noguchi, Tofael Ahamed. Development of remote sensing-based yield prediction models at the maturity stage of boro rice using parametric and nonparametric approaches. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. 2021; 22 ():100494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monirul Islam; Shusuke Matsushita; Ryozo Noguchi; Tofael Ahamed. 2021. "Development of remote sensing-based yield prediction models at the maturity stage of boro rice using parametric and nonparametric approaches." Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 22, no. : 100494.

Review
Published: 03 December 2020 in World
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The present research analyzes the potential economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on South Asian economies using a systematic review approach. The cause-effect relationship framework showed that the outbreak of COVID-19 slowed down the gross domestic product (GDP) along with major economic sectors and indicators in the South Asian economies. The short and long-run predicted scenario showed that, compared to the agriculture sector, the service and manufacturing sectors will be affected more seriously in all South Asian countries. It was found that governments in the region are trying their best to adopt and implement expansionary fiscal strategies to combat this situation. Many countries have included farmers and allied workers in the government’s support system to utilize resources. In order to maintain the balance of international trade, the import and export of essential items must be given special support. To cope with this situation, governments can invest money from different autonomous institutions to expand Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The findings of this research will be helpful for policy planners to formulate appropriate programs for short and long-run demands, along with economic and fiscal policies to sustain and revive the economic activity in South Asia.

ACS Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Dewan Al Rafi; Kentaka Aruga. Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review. World 2020, 1, 283 -301.

AMA Style

Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Dewan Al Rafi, Kentaka Aruga. Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review. World. 2020; 1 (3):283-301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Dewan Al Rafi; Kentaka Aruga. 2020. "Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review." World 1, no. 3: 283-301.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Just after the Indian government issued the first lockdown rule to cope with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in March 2020, the energy consumption in India plummeted dramatically. However, as the lockdown relaxed, energy consumption started to recover. In this study, we investigated how COVID-19 cases affected Indian energy consumption during the COVID-19 crisis by testing if the lockdown release had a positive impact on energy consumption and if richer regions were quicker to recover their energy consumption to the level before the lockdown. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the study reveals that a long-run relationship holds between the COVID-19 cases and energy consumption and that the COVID-19 cases have a positive effect on Indian energy consumption. This result indicates that as lockdown relaxed, energy consumption started to recover. However, such a positive impact was not apparent in the Eastern and North-Eastern regions, which are the poorest regions among the five regions investigated in the study. This implies that poorer regions need special aid and policy to recover their economy from the damage suffered from the COVID-19 crisis.

ACS Style

Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5616 .

AMA Style

Kentaka Aruga, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat. Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. 2020. "Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5616.

Article
Published: 22 November 2019 in GeoJournal
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The study analyzed the food security and dietary diversity of tea workers in Lakkatura Tea Garden and Ootterbhag Tea garden in greater Sylhet district of Bangladesh. A total of 200 respondents (100 from each tea estate) were interviewed to evaluate the food security and dietary diversity. The study found that average daily per capita calorie intake by tea workers was 2095.96 kcal. In addition, around 85.30% of the total calorie intake was received from the rice consumption. Average per capita daily intake of rice was estimated at 538.51 gm which is higher than the national average. It was also observed that 71.7 and 65.0% households were food secure in Lakkatura and Ootterbhag Tea garden, respectively. In Lakkatura Tea Garden, 61.67% tea workers have medium dietary diversity and in Ootterbhag Tea Estate 49.47% tea workers have low dietary diversity. Using the logit model analysis, this study provides food consumption patterns of tea workers and determine the factors responsible for food security. Household size, farm income and daily calorie intake were found having significant influence on households’ food security. For improving socioeconomic conditions of tea workers, educational institution should be set up to improve their educational status and government should give loans for them at a low interest rate and create alternative job opportunity in off season.

ACS Style

Jasim Uddin Ahmed; Nur Mozahid; Aurup Ratan Dhar; Shah Alamgir; Arifa Jannat; Monirul Islam. Food security and dietary diversity of tea workers of two tea gardens in greater Sylhet district of Bangladesh. GeoJournal 2019, 86, 1015 -1027.

AMA Style

Jasim Uddin Ahmed, Nur Mozahid, Aurup Ratan Dhar, Shah Alamgir, Arifa Jannat, Monirul Islam. Food security and dietary diversity of tea workers of two tea gardens in greater Sylhet district of Bangladesh. GeoJournal. 2019; 86 (2):1015-1027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jasim Uddin Ahmed; Nur Mozahid; Aurup Ratan Dhar; Shah Alamgir; Arifa Jannat; Monirul Islam. 2019. "Food security and dietary diversity of tea workers of two tea gardens in greater Sylhet district of Bangladesh." GeoJournal 86, no. 2: 1015-1027.

Article
Published: 23 October 2019 in GeoJournal
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The research has been conducted to explore the extent of adopting mechanization at farm level and its impact on rice producers’ technical efficiency. Primary data and information required for analytical approach have been collected using structured questionnaire through field survey of 200 farm households located in two districts of Bangladesh. Farm households were selected following multi-stage purposive sampling technique and were classified into two groups on the basis of extent of using modern agricultural practices. Technical efficiency is the ratio between actual and potential output of a production unit. Farmers strongly agree that farm mechanization save their precious time which they spend for farming period and also increased overall food production. They also agree that the use of modern machinery improve their consumption level as well as food security. From the profitability analysis of two levels of mechanization, it is apparent that mechanization has positive impact and leading to increase productivity and profitability of rice producers. The results from DEA approach implies that farms with higher level of mechanization are technically more efficient than the others although both farm groups are technically inefficient in rice production. The findings from Tobit regression show that variables such as farming experience, age and levels of farm mechanization were significantly associated with the technical efficiency of sample farms. Inefficiency of farms is negatively influenced by the level of farm mechanization indicated that mechanization is one of the important determinants to improve technical efficiency. So, the applications of modernized farming machineries could be an essential tool for the development of agricultural sector in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Pooja Vortia; Mahmuda Nasrin; Shahana Khatun Bipasha; Monirul Islam. Extent of farm mechanization and technical efficiency of rice production in some selected areas of Bangladesh. GeoJournal 2019, 86, 729 -742.

AMA Style

Pooja Vortia, Mahmuda Nasrin, Shahana Khatun Bipasha, Monirul Islam. Extent of farm mechanization and technical efficiency of rice production in some selected areas of Bangladesh. GeoJournal. 2019; 86 (2):729-742.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooja Vortia; Mahmuda Nasrin; Shahana Khatun Bipasha; Monirul Islam. 2019. "Extent of farm mechanization and technical efficiency of rice production in some selected areas of Bangladesh." GeoJournal 86, no. 2: 729-742.

Article
Published: 09 September 2019 in GeoJournal
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The study was accomplished to examine the impact of agricultural modernization on sustainable livelihood among the tribal and non-tribal farmers in Bangladesh. Two districts had been selected purposively as study areas which were Sherpur and Mymensingh districts. A total of 160 households (i.e., 80 samples from each district and 40 from tribal and 40 from non-tribal community) were interviewed from different villages for field survey where the indigenous people were involved with different agricultural practices. The majority (43.7%) of the tribal farmers had no education whereas only 30% of the non-tribal farmers were illiterate. It is also showed that 22.5% tribal farmers were engaged in crop cultivation where it was 26.25% for non-tribal farmers. Most of the tribal and non-tribal farmers opined that training is essential for operating new technology. Majority of the farmers had low extent of using modern agricultural practices in the study areas. The Simpson livelihood diversification index was found higher for crop cultivation as well as small business group. The households in the study areas are likely to have a diversified livelihood when they have better education. The scope for livelihood diversification also gets boosted when there was better irrigation, educational and membership facilities. Five components altogether explained about (74.10%) of total variations and first three components account for about half of the variations of the model results. In spite of all problems and threats, there is a strong and great prospect for the upliftment of living standards of underprivileged people through agricultural innovations.

ACS Style

Arifa Jannat; Monirul Islam; Shah Alamgir; Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Impact assessment of agricultural modernization on sustainable livelihood among tribal and non-tribal farmers in Bangladesh. GeoJournal 2019, 86, 399 -415.

AMA Style

Arifa Jannat, Monirul Islam, Shah Alamgir, Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi, Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Impact assessment of agricultural modernization on sustainable livelihood among tribal and non-tribal farmers in Bangladesh. GeoJournal. 2019; 86 (1):399-415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arifa Jannat; Monirul Islam; Shah Alamgir; Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. 2019. "Impact assessment of agricultural modernization on sustainable livelihood among tribal and non-tribal farmers in Bangladesh." GeoJournal 86, no. 1: 399-415.

Article
Published: 13 May 2019 in GeoJournal
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The study has assessed the impact of small scale commercial water chestnut cultivation on farmers’ livelihood in the seasonal waterlogged areas of Jamalpur district in Bangladesh. Both purposive and multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 120 water chestnut growers for the present study. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings of the study revealed that on an average 67% of the total cost was involved for human labour followed by land use (14%), insecticides (7%) and seedlings (4%), respectively. The average yield of water chestnut was found to be 9.77 ton per hectare. The average profit and gross margin was estimated at BDT 63,122.35 and BDT 76,927, respectively. The production cost of water chestnut/kg was BDT 8.94 and return was BDT 15.40. It was also observed that all kinds of livelihood assets of the selected farmers increased significantly through commercial water chestnut farming. According to farmers’ assessment, lack of scientific production techniques, high infestation of insect pest especially red crab, siltation by river erosion, buyers syndicate and low output price were found the major hindrance in the study areas. Farmers cultivate water chestnut for utilizing waterlogged fallow land, it’s easy growing, and additional income and to generate year-round employment opportunity.

ACS Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin; Monirul Islam. Intensification of waterlogged fallow land through growing water chestnuts in Bangladesh. GeoJournal 2019, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin, Monirul Islam. Intensification of waterlogged fallow land through growing water chestnuts in Bangladesh. GeoJournal. 2019; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Mohiuddin; Monirul Islam. 2019. "Intensification of waterlogged fallow land through growing water chestnuts in Bangladesh." GeoJournal , no. : 1-12.

Article
Published: 07 January 2019 in GeoJournal
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The study was accomplished to identify the factors determining land conversion in Bangladesh and evaluate farmers’ perception about the changing land use decision. Data were collected from Mymensingh, Rajshahi and Khulna districts of Bangladesh. A total of 300 sample farmers were interviewed following purposive and random sampling technique. For analyzing data, a combination of descriptive, mathematical and statistical techniques were used. Descriptive statistics showed that average household and farm size of the farmers were 5.0 and 0.47 hectare, respectively. Percentage perception index demonstrated that most of the respondents experienced climatic changes having negative impacts on agricultural activities. Agreement index depicted that natural calamities caused stern damage to respondents’ cultivable land, assets, agricultural enterprises and basic livelihood necessities. From the result of Logit model it was found that farming experience, disaster loss, farmer’s educational level, annual income, access to credit, farmer’s age and saline water intrusion were the significant determinants of changing land use decision in the study areas. Farmers’ livelihood assets namely, human, social, financial, natural and physical capitals were improved to a noticeable extent after their land shifting decision. The study recommended that training provision, motivational programmes and extension contact should be properly implemented by the government as well as non-government organizations to aware the farmers about pros and cons of land conversion and to choose the best land use decision for livelihood improvement.

ACS Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar; Tofael Ahamed. Factors determining conversion of agricultural land use in Bangladesh: farmers’ perceptions and perspectives of climate change. GeoJournal 2019, 85, 343 -362.

AMA Style

Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Aurup Ratan Dhar, Tofael Ahamed. Factors determining conversion of agricultural land use in Bangladesh: farmers’ perceptions and perspectives of climate change. GeoJournal. 2019; 85 (2):343-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar; Tofael Ahamed. 2019. "Factors determining conversion of agricultural land use in Bangladesh: farmers’ perceptions and perspectives of climate change." GeoJournal 85, no. 2: 343-362.

Data article
Published: 08 March 2018 in Data in Brief
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The data used in this article elucidated crop intensification and farmers’ food security status through GO-NGO support in Bangladesh. A total of 200 farmers (100 from non-supported and 100 from GO-NGO supported) were selected for data collection using purposive sampling technique. The collected data showed that GO-NGO support has a significant impact on changes in agricultural enterprises. Majority (63.3%) of the households belong to the low intensity category for non-supported farmers. In case of GO-NGO supported farmers, majority (73.3%) of the households belong to the high intensity category. The food security indices values showed that the food security index for non-supported farm households was 0.97 and for GO-NGO supported farm households, it was 1.07.

ACS Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar. Dataset on the Impact of GO-NGO Support on Crop Intensification and Food Security in Bangladesh. Data in Brief 2018, 18, 144 -149.

AMA Style

Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Aurup Ratan Dhar. Dataset on the Impact of GO-NGO Support on Crop Intensification and Food Security in Bangladesh. Data in Brief. 2018; 18 ():144-149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar. 2018. "Dataset on the Impact of GO-NGO Support on Crop Intensification and Food Security in Bangladesh." Data in Brief 18, no. : 144-149.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Soil and Tillage Research
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ACS Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Adoption prospects and implication problems of practicing conservation agriculture in Bangladesh: A socioeconomic diagnosis. Soil and Tillage Research 2018, 176, 77 -84.

AMA Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Adoption prospects and implication problems of practicing conservation agriculture in Bangladesh: A socioeconomic diagnosis. Soil and Tillage Research. 2018; 176 ():77-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. 2018. "Adoption prospects and implication problems of practicing conservation agriculture in Bangladesh: A socioeconomic diagnosis." Soil and Tillage Research 176, no. : 77-84.

Data article
Published: 17 November 2017 in Data in Brief
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The study was conducted to document farmers’ livelihood aspects and agribusiness potentials in wetland areas of Bangladesh. A total of 120 farmers and 24 service providers were interviewed for data collection. Most of the farmers were small farmers having less than 1.0 ha of cultivable land. The differences in productivity of crop farming and poultry rearing between wetland area and main land were statistically significant. Favorable farm environment and proper utilization of agricultural resources were major strength and opportunity. The data may be helpful for formation of agribusiness clusters involving input suppliers, credit/financial organizations and different support service providers for more income, better nutrition and improved livelihood of the wetland people.

ACS Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Wetland agribusiness aspects and potential in Bangladesh. Data in Brief 2017, 16, 617 -621.

AMA Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Wetland agribusiness aspects and potential in Bangladesh. Data in Brief. 2017; 16 ():617-621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. 2017. "Wetland agribusiness aspects and potential in Bangladesh." Data in Brief 16, no. : 617-621.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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The study was carried out to elucidate the GO-NGO support on farmers’ income generation in selected char areas of Sirajganj district. Following purposive sampling technique, a total of 60 farmers (30 non-supported and 30 GO-NGO supported) were selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, mathematical and statistical analyses were used to analyze the collected data from field survey method. The average benefit cost ratio (BCR) of crop farming for non-supported farmers was 1.70 and for GO-NGO supported farmers it was 1.80 indicated that crop farming was more profitable under GO-NGO supported farmers. The double difference estimates for total income in the year of 2012 and 2014 was Tk. 14046.8 which was statistically significant. Ravallion test result also picturized that, income was increased by Tk. 10404.0 for the support obtained from the different GOs and NGOs. From logit model it was found that farm size, household size, education level of the household head and farm income had significant influence on adopting GO-NGO supports in farming practices. Farmers expressed their opinion about the lack of transportation facilities, low price of output, etc. as major problems. Transportation and communication facilities should be improved in the study areas, government social safety net programmes should be enhanced to support the farmers in char areas and compulsory primary education programme for both male and female should be implemented.

ACS Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar. GO-NGO Support in Selected Char Areas of Sirajganj District in Bangladesh: Impact on Crop Profitability and Farmers’ Income Generation. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 2017, 12, 130 -138.

AMA Style

Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Aurup Ratan Dhar. GO-NGO Support in Selected Char Areas of Sirajganj District in Bangladesh: Impact on Crop Profitability and Farmers’ Income Generation. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 2017; 12 (3):130-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Aurup Ratan Dhar. 2017. "GO-NGO Support in Selected Char Areas of Sirajganj District in Bangladesh: Impact on Crop Profitability and Farmers’ Income Generation." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 12, no. 3: 130-138.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2017 in World Journal of Agricultural Research
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The research was conducted to evaluate the problems and prospects of adopting conservation agriculture in Jamalpur and Bogra districts of Bangladesh. A total of 120 farmers (20 from focal and 100 from control group) were surveyed for collecting necessary data and information. A combination of descriptive statistics and mathematical techniques was used to analyze the data. Focal farmers followed the basic principles of conservation agriculture but control farmers continued conventional crop farming practices. Focal farmers were more profitable compared to control farmers in terms of wheat and bean production. Less production due to minimum tillage, difficulties in maintenance, lack of extension service etc. were the major problems faced by the farmers. Knowledge on soil conservation and soil quality improvement, use of organic fertilizer, etc. were found as strengths; management of crop residue, scarcity of cowdung, etc. were found as weaknesses; labor opportunities, market demand, etc. were found as opportunities; and climate change and price fluctuation were found as threats of adopting conservation agriculture. Regular extension contact, arrangement of training programmes and input support are to be ensured by different government and non-government organizations to motivate farmers for adopting conservation agriculture practice.

ACS Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects. World Journal of Agricultural Research 2017, 5, 265 -272.

AMA Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar, Monirul Islam, Jasim Uddin Ahmed. Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2017; 5 (5):265-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurup Ratan Dhar; Monirul Islam; Jasim Uddin Ahmed. 2017. "Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects." World Journal of Agricultural Research 5, no. 5: 265-272.