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After the melamine milk scandal in 2008, China’s global imports of dairy products soared, especially after FTAs had been established with Australia and New Zealand. The dairy products of the two countries have a unique competitive trading advantage in the Chinese market. However, at a time when Chinese consumers are increasingly dependent on imported dairy products, a succession of whey protein scandals affecting New Zealand’s dairy products in 2013 had a negative psychological impact on Chinese importers and consumers, and this even affected the import status of New Zealand dairy imports to the Chinese market. The present paper, based on the United Nations Comtrade Harmonized System, studies the role of Australia and New Zealand in China’s dairy market. It calculates the trade competitiveness index, revealing the relative competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, and investigates the impact of the dairy products from these countries on China’s imports from the rest of the world across six dairy sectors in the period 1992–2017. We find that, under the food safety laws, the relative dairy import prices, milk scandals, and Free Trade Agreements, together with the competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, had a varied impact on the corresponding Chinese dairy imports across the relevant sectors in the context of China food safety laws after the melamine milk scandal. These findings acknowledge Australia and New Zealand’s competitiveness in the international dairy trade, and also lead to suggestions regarding their competitiveness and sustainable development in the Chinese market.
Junqian Xu; Yuanyuan Wu. A Comparative Study of the Role of Australia and New Zealand in Sustainable Dairy Competition in the Chinese Market after the Dairy Safety Scandals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2880 .
AMA StyleJunqian Xu, Yuanyuan Wu. A Comparative Study of the Role of Australia and New Zealand in Sustainable Dairy Competition in the Chinese Market after the Dairy Safety Scandals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (12):2880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunqian Xu; Yuanyuan Wu. 2018. "A Comparative Study of the Role of Australia and New Zealand in Sustainable Dairy Competition in the Chinese Market after the Dairy Safety Scandals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2880.
Many multinational corporations (MNCs) operate multiple subsidiaries in a foreign country. Drawing upon literature of organizational network and business group, we hypothesize that the number of subsidiaries of an MNC has an impact on subsidiary financial performance in China. We further hypothesized two moderating effects, namely subsidiary's country of origin and subsidiary size. The results show that subsidiary grouping effect is more salient for subsidiaries from Japan and South Korea, and that larger subsidiaries are less affected by the subsidiary grouping effect. Our empirical results were based on a sample of 40,315 MNC subsidiaries in China. The findings underscore the importance of group-based competitive advantages of MNC subsidiaries in international business.
Junqian Xu; Dan Huang; Yigang Pan. Intra-firm Subsidiary Grouping and MNC Subsidiary Performance in China. Journal of International Management 2018, 25, 100651 .
AMA StyleJunqian Xu, Dan Huang, Yigang Pan. Intra-firm Subsidiary Grouping and MNC Subsidiary Performance in China. Journal of International Management. 2018; 25 (2):100651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunqian Xu; Dan Huang; Yigang Pan. 2018. "Intra-firm Subsidiary Grouping and MNC Subsidiary Performance in China." Journal of International Management 25, no. 2: 100651.
The United States is the most important textile import market in the world, and one of the most important export targets of developing countries. In view of its ecological environment and consumer health, the United States has put forward increasingly harsh environmental protection systems and standards for imported textile products, and its environmental trade barriers have been steadily strengthened. China’s textile exports increased substantially after joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2000; at present, the textile imports of the United States from China and India reach in total more than one third of all their imports. China and India both have comparative advantages in the import trade of textile raw materials and clothing in the United States (U.S.). On the basis of the United Nation ComTrade Rev. 3, this paper studies the role of China and India in the United States textile market, including calculating the trade competitiveness index, revealing the competitive advantages of China and India, and investigating the impact of both Chinese and Indian textiles on United States imports from the rest of the world across three main textile sectors in the period 2000–2016, especially in the context of green trade barriers. We find that the relative textile import prices, the ecological standard of China’s textile production re-edited Oeko-Tex Standard 100 in 2008 and export tax policy, and the competitive advantages of China and India had varied impacts on relative U.S. textile imports across related sectors under green environmental trade barriers. These findings recognize China’s competitiveness in international trading, and also provide suggestions regarding China’s competitiveness and sustainable development in the U.S. market.
Junqian Xu; Yong Liu; Liling Yang. A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1348 .
AMA StyleJunqian Xu, Yong Liu, Liling Yang. A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunqian Xu; Yong Liu; Liling Yang. 2018. "A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1348.
The UK textile industry was very prosperous in the past but in the 1970s Britain started to import textile materials from abroad. Since 1990, half of its textile materials have been imported from the EEA (European Economic Area), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and North America countries. Meanwhile, UK imports from China have increased dramatically. Through comparisons, this paper calculates the trade competitiveness index and relative competitive advantages of regions and investigates the impact of Chinese textiles on UK imports from three key free trade regions across the textile sectors in the period 1990–2016 on the basis of United Nation Comtrade Rev. 3. We find that China’s textile prices, product techniques, political trade barriers and even tax system have made a varied impact on the UK’s imports across related sectors in the context of green trade and the strengthening of barriers, which helps us recognize China’s competitiveness in international trading and also provides advice on China’s sustainable development of textile exports.
Junqian Xu. The Role of China in the UK Relative Imports from Three Selected Trading Regions: The Case of Textile Raw Material Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 1481 .
AMA StyleJunqian Xu. The Role of China in the UK Relative Imports from Three Selected Trading Regions: The Case of Textile Raw Material Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (12):1481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunqian Xu. 2017. "The Role of China in the UK Relative Imports from Three Selected Trading Regions: The Case of Textile Raw Material Industry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 12: 1481.
It is argued that the size of a region affects the spatial configuration of economic activities, known as the home market effect (HME). Concerning the definition of HME, it can be interpreted from different aspects, but most empirical studies testing HME focus mainly on investigating firm share and exports. This paper empirically investigates the HME in terms of wages in the case of China by using panel data for the period 1980–2012. We find that the wages in coastal regions are higher than those in the interior, due to the size differences between regions. Additionally, regional inequality in wages between the coastal and interior regions evolves in an inverted U-shaped curve during periods of regional integration. The evolution of the space-economy in China during the past three decades supports the inverted U-shaped pattern predicted by the theoretical models of spatial economics.
Jian Wang; Junqian Xu. Home market effect, spatial wages disparity: an empirical reinvestigation of China. The Annals of Regional Science 2015, 55, 313 -333.
AMA StyleJian Wang, Junqian Xu. Home market effect, spatial wages disparity: an empirical reinvestigation of China. The Annals of Regional Science. 2015; 55 (2-3):313-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Wang; Junqian Xu. 2015. "Home market effect, spatial wages disparity: an empirical reinvestigation of China." The Annals of Regional Science 55, no. 2-3: 313-333.