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Ü. Halik
College of Resources and Environmental Science Xinjiang University Urumqi China

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Original article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
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Understanding the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) is helpful for sustainable urban management. However, the interactions among multiple ESs supplies and demands remain under-researched, and ESs supply and demand spatial heterogeneity and correlation characteristics at the city level are rarely studied, especially in arid areas. To fill this gap, we established a comprehensive assessment framework of ESs supply and demand through integrating multi-source remote sensing data, social economy and policy objectives. The ESs supply-demand mismatches were revealed at the city level, and the spatial relationship between the ESs supply and demand was analyzed using spatial statistics. The results showed that: (1) The total quantity of supply and demand of food provision, carbon sequestration, PM10 removal and recreation services in Urumqi all showed that the demand was greater than the supply, the deficits being 16.10× 107 kcal/ha, 6.88 × 104 t/ha, 155.86 kg/ha and 697.26, respectively. (2) The supply and demand assessment of ESs showed spatial differences from the city center to the suburbs, which further indicated that there are neighborhood similarities between the supply and demand of ESs. (3) The matching types of ESs supply and demand present obvious spatial heterogeneity, which can be divided into four types: High-High, High-Low, Low-High and Low-Low. Due to rapid urban development in the inner city, the city center is dominated by Low-High, while the urban-rural ecotone is characterized by High-Low due to the higher elevation and water resource advantages in the suburbs. Based on the analysis of the supply, demand and matching of ESs, economic development and sustainable management policies were proposed for different ecological spaces.

ACS Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Tayierjiang Aishan; Martin Welp. Identifying mismatches of ecosystem services supply and demand under semi‐arid conditions: The case of the Oasis City Urumqi, China. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Lei Shi, Ümüt Halik, Zulpiya Mamat, Tayierjiang Aishan, Martin Welp. Identifying mismatches of ecosystem services supply and demand under semi‐arid conditions: The case of the Oasis City Urumqi, China. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Tayierjiang Aishan; Martin Welp. 2021. "Identifying mismatches of ecosystem services supply and demand under semi‐arid conditions: The case of the Oasis City Urumqi, China." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2021 in Forests
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Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bge. is crucially important for stabilizing sand dunes in the desert area of the Junggar Basin and has thus been widely planted in the oasis–desert ecotone for windbreak and sand fixation purposes since the 1980s. The spatial distribution and structural characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations of three different ages—planted in 1983 (36a), 1997 (22a), and 2004 (15a)—on the southwestern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert were studied. The results showed that the spatial distribution patterns for the different stages of growth showed a trend of cluster that was random during the transformation from seedlings to juvenile and mature trees. Forest density for the 15a, 22a, and 36a plantations was, respectively, 1110, 1189, and 1933 plants ha−1; the base stem diameter for the main forest layer was 5.85, 8.77, and 6.17 cm, respectively, and the tree height was concentrated in the range of 1.5–3.0 m, 2.0–3.5 m, and 1.5–2.5 m. In the regeneration layers, the proportion of seedlings was the largest in all three stand ages, followed by juvenile trees, and mature trees only appeared in the 22a plantation. The proportion of deadwood in the 36a forest was the highest, and there were no mature trees in the regeneration layer. These results indicate that the three Haloxylon ammodendron plantation stages were in the period of rising at 15a, stable and degenerate with increasing age at 22a, and at 36a the regeneration ability was very weak and presented degradation due to species competition for soil moisture, because of too many seedlings and mature plants. In this case, measures such as thinning could be taken to prevent rapid degradation and to accelerate regeneration when the stand age exceeds 20 years. Considering the sand fixation effect, the pressure of competition for water resources, and forest capacity for renewal and sustainability, the most suitable forest density in the Haloxylon ammodendron plantation would be 8.5–9 m2 per plant.

ACS Style

Chunwu Song; Congjuan Li; Ümüt Halik; Xinwen Xu; Jiaqiang Lei; Zhibin Zhou; Jinglong Fan. Spatial Distribution and Structural Characteristics for Haloxylon ammodendron Plantation on the Southwestern Edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. Forests 2021, 12, 633 .

AMA Style

Chunwu Song, Congjuan Li, Ümüt Halik, Xinwen Xu, Jiaqiang Lei, Zhibin Zhou, Jinglong Fan. Spatial Distribution and Structural Characteristics for Haloxylon ammodendron Plantation on the Southwestern Edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. Forests. 2021; 12 (5):633.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunwu Song; Congjuan Li; Ümüt Halik; Xinwen Xu; Jiaqiang Lei; Zhibin Zhou; Jinglong Fan. 2021. "Spatial Distribution and Structural Characteristics for Haloxylon ammodendron Plantation on the Southwestern Edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert." Forests 12, no. 5: 633.

Special issue article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Land Degradation & Development
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Rapid urbanization has negative effects on ecosystem structure, function and balance, leading to the loss of ecosystem services (ESs) and posing a threat to regional sustainable development. However, the complex interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and ESs is not yet fully understood, especially in arid north‐western China. In this study, we constructed an evaluative framework for urbanization and ESs using land cover/land use data and socioeconomic data from 1990 to 2018. We used global and local autocorrelation models to reveal the spatiotemporal interaction between urbanization and ESs. The results revealed that the urbanization index increased from 0.06 in 1990 to 0.16 in 2018 in Xinjiang, and urbanization was significantly negatively correlated with ESs. With the acceleration of urbanization, ecosystem services value (ESV) has decreased 2,698.74 × 109 Yuan from 1990 to 2018. Due to geographical advantages, resource conditions and land use changes, the spatial relationship of urbanization and ESs has obvious heterogeneity. High–low correlation areas are mainly concentrated in the Northern Tianshan Mountain Economic Zone, whereas low–high correlation areas are concentrated in the Kashgar and Hotan oases in southern Xinjiang. Based on regional geographical conditions and the spatial heterogeneity of resources, diversified ecological, social and economic balance models should be considered to promote future sustainable urban planning and development.

ACS Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Tayierjiang Aishan; Abdulla Abliz; Martin Welp. Spatiotemporal investigation of the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in arid northwestern China. Land Degradation & Development 2021, 32, 4105 -4120.

AMA Style

Lei Shi, Ümüt Halik, Zulpiya Mamat, Tayierjiang Aishan, Abdulla Abliz, Martin Welp. Spatiotemporal investigation of the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in arid northwestern China. Land Degradation & Development. 2021; 32 (14):4105-4120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Tayierjiang Aishan; Abdulla Abliz; Martin Welp. 2021. "Spatiotemporal investigation of the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in arid northwestern China." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 14: 4105-4120.

Preprint content
Published: 12 March 2021
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BackgroundTree mortality and seedling and sapling recruitment are essential components of forest dynamics in arid regions, especially those with serious eco-hydrological problems. In recent decades, the mortality of the Euphrates poplar ( Populus euphratica ) along the Tarim River in Northwest China has increased. However, few studies have quantified the causes of mortality and regeneration in this azonal riparian forest type. MethodsThe present paper describes the annual hydrological response of tree mortality and regeneration in forest gaps. A total of 60 canopy gaps were investigated in six replicate grid plots (50 m × 50 m) and the annual runoff and water consumption data during the period of 1955–2016 were collected from hydrological stations along the middle reaches of the Tarim River. In addition, we compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings within the canopy gap areas (CGAs), undercanopy areas (UCAs), and uncovered riverbank areas (RBAs) through detailed field investigation. ResultsOur study found that the mortality of young and middle aged gap makers has increased markedly over recent decades, particularly since 1996. The main results indicated that regional water scarcity was the primary limiting factor for long-term changes in tree mortality, as shown by a significant correlation between the diameter at breast height (DBH) of dead trees and the annual surface water. The average density (or regeneration rate) of seedlings and saplings was highest in the RBAs, intermediate in the CGAs, and lowest in the UCAs. Compared with the UCAs, the CGAs promote tree regeneration to some extent by providing favorable conditions for the survival and growth of seedlings and saplings, which would otherwise be suppressed in the understory. Furthermore, although the density of seedlings and saplings in the CGAs was not as high as in the RBAs, the survival rate was higher in the CGAs than in the RBAs. ConclusionThis study shows that forest canopy gaps can play a decisive role in the long-term germination and regeneration of plant species. However, as a typical phreatophyte in this hyper-arid region, the ecosystem structure, functions and services of this fragile P. euphratica , floodplain forests are threatened by a continuous decrease of water resources, due to excessive water use for monocultural cotton irrigation, which has resulted in a severe reduction in intact poplar forests. Furthermore, the survival of seedlings and saplings is influenced by light availability and soil water at the regional scale. Our findings suggest that policymakers may need to reconsider the restoration and regeneration measures implemented in riparian P. euphratica forests to improve flood water efficiency and create canopy gaps. Our results provide valuable reference information for the conservation and sustainable development of floodplain forest ecosystems.

ACS Style

Ayjamal Keram; Ümüt Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Maierdang Keyimu; Kadeliya Jiapaer; Guolei Li. Tree Mortality and Regeneration in Euphrates Poplar Riparian Forests Along the Tarim River, Northwest China. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ayjamal Keram, Ümüt Halik, Tayierjiang Aishan, Maierdang Keyimu, Kadeliya Jiapaer, Guolei Li. Tree Mortality and Regeneration in Euphrates Poplar Riparian Forests Along the Tarim River, Northwest China. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayjamal Keram; Ümüt Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Maierdang Keyimu; Kadeliya Jiapaer; Guolei Li. 2021. "Tree Mortality and Regeneration in Euphrates Poplar Riparian Forests Along the Tarim River, Northwest China." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in PeerJ
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Rapid agricultural land expansion and urbanization have accelerated land use and land cover changes (LUCC) in the Northern Tianshan Mountain Economic Zone and have significantly impacted on the ecosystem services (ESs). However, the spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem service value (ESV) to LUCC are not well understood. Based on the land use and land cover (LULC) data from 1980 to 2019, we used a CA-Markov model to predict LUCC in 2020 and 2030, assess the spatial-temporal changes of ESV and LULC during 1980–2030, and explore the elastic response of ESV to LUCC. We found that cropland and built-up land expanded rapidly by 34.38% and 196.66%, respectively between 1980 and 2030, while grassland and unutilized land decreased significantly by 11.45% and 10.26%, respectively. The ESV of water body, cropland, grassland and forestland accounts for more than 90% of the total ESV. Our research shows that the ESV of cropland increased 32 million yuan from 1980 to 2030, mainly due to the expansion of cropland area. However, the loss caused by the reduction of grassland area was 45 million yuan. Water conservation, waste treatment, soil formation and retention, and biodiversity conservation are the primary ecosystem service function, accounting for 71.82% of the total ESV. Despite notable increases in the ESV from 1980 to 2010, grassland degradation still remains a main ecological and environmental issue from 2010 to 2030. The results suggest that effective land use policies should be developed to control the expansion of croplands and protect water body, grassland and forestland to maintain more sustainable ESs.

ACS Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Zhicheng Wei. Spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services value in the Northern Tianshan Mountain Economic zone from 1980 to 2030. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9582 .

AMA Style

Lei Shi, Ümüt Halik, Zulpiya Mamat, Zhicheng Wei. Spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services value in the Northern Tianshan Mountain Economic zone from 1980 to 2030. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Zulpiya Mamat; Zhicheng Wei. 2020. "Spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services value in the Northern Tianshan Mountain Economic zone from 1980 to 2030." PeerJ 8, no. : e9582.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Forests
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Urban green space (UGS) is crucial to the healthy development of urban residents. However, UGS that is accessible can benefit residents to an even greater degree. Based on the two-step floating catchment area model (2SFCA) and the location quotient (LQ), we analyzed the changes from 1999 to 2019 in UGS walking accessibility and equity in built-up areas of Urumqi at different administrative levels, and how UGS policy affects the improvement of accessibility. The results showed that UGS accessibility and equity are not evenly distributed at different administrative levels and UGS categories. Although the overall UGS accessibility and equity has improved with policy implementation, these changes are caused by metro-level UGS construction in urban fringe areas. The improvement in UGS accessibility at the neighborhood level in densely populated areas is neglected, which leads to a mismatch between UGS construction and population distribution. In addition, the accessibility of UGS is also limited by geographical location, population density, road distribution, and water shortage in arid metropolitan Urumqi. Our research results provide a theoretical basis for Urumqi and other cities in the optimization of UGS structure and the realization of social equity.

ACS Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Abdulla Abliz; Zulpiya Mamat; Martin Welp. Urban Green Space Accessibility and Distribution Equity in an Arid Oasis City: Urumqi, China. Forests 2020, 11, 690 .

AMA Style

Lei Shi, Ümüt Halik, Abdulla Abliz, Zulpiya Mamat, Martin Welp. Urban Green Space Accessibility and Distribution Equity in an Arid Oasis City: Urumqi, China. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Shi; Ümüt Halik; Abdulla Abliz; Zulpiya Mamat; Martin Welp. 2020. "Urban Green Space Accessibility and Distribution Equity in an Arid Oasis City: Urumqi, China." Forests 11, no. 6: 690.

Correction
Published: 14 March 2019 in PLOS ONE
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208462.].

ACS Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Ayinuer Aini. Correction: Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0214007 .

AMA Style

Zulpiya Mamat, Umut Halik, Tayierjiang Aishan, Ayinuer Aini. Correction: Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (3):e0214007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Ayinuer Aini. 2019. "Correction: Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3: e0214007.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Forest Ecology and Management
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Due to climate change and excessive human activities, runoff dynamics of the Tarim River in northwest China become more pronounced. Understanding the effects of hydrological alteration on the life strategy and dynamics of the Populus euphratica riparian forests is becoming increasingly important. Forest gaps led by such disturbances change the structure and function of the desert riparian forest ecosystems. However, there is a lack of research on the gap formation and dynamics of this special forest type, for which the main driving force of the gap disturbance has always been unknown. In this study, we investigated several parameters of P. euphratica forest gap, such as gap size, gap age, gap fraction, and gap makers to quantify the gap disturbance regimes in the natural floodplain forests along the Tarim River in arid northwest China. In the middle reaches of the Tarim River, a total number of 263 gap makers and 60 gaps in six 50 m × 50 m plots with a total area of 1.5 hm2 were investigated. The result showed that gap fraction was <5%, and approximately 28.5% of the expanded gaps were from 1.0 to 1.2 in size (ratio of gap diameter to tree height), especially when formed around 1997–2006. The median size of the expanded gap (140.57 m2) in the desert riparian forests was smaller than in tropical forests. P. euphratica was the most abundant gap maker, and its share among gap makers was 12–14 times larger than another species. Furthermore, gap makers contributed to the forest gap size, as shown by a significant correlation between the number of gap makers and the size of expanded gaps, especially those that had been created 50–60 years ago (R2 = 0.455, P < 0.01). The DBH distribution of living trees versus dead trees showed that most P. euphratica mortality occurred in small size classes. However, living trees were equally frequent in large classes, which suggested that large trees were not exclusively injured or died in these P. euphratica stands that were affected by poor habitats, such as water scarcity. We concluded that climate change and anthropogenic activities (increasing water use for irrigation) since the 1970s led to the progressive decrease in water resources at the regional scale and resulted in a higher frequency of forest gaps in the riparian forests along the Tarim River. The results of this study provide useful implications for ecological restoration of P. euphratica to improve sustainable management of desert riparian forests.

ACS Style

Ayjamal Keram; Ümüt Halik; Maierdang Keyimu; Tayierjiang Aishan; Zulpiya Mamat; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Gap dynamics of natural Populus euphratica floodplain forests affected by hydrological alteration along the Tarim River: Implications for restoration of the riparian forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2019, 438, 103 -113.

AMA Style

Ayjamal Keram, Ümüt Halik, Maierdang Keyimu, Tayierjiang Aishan, Zulpiya Mamat, Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Gap dynamics of natural Populus euphratica floodplain forests affected by hydrological alteration along the Tarim River: Implications for restoration of the riparian forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 2019; 438 ():103-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayjamal Keram; Ümüt Halik; Maierdang Keyimu; Tayierjiang Aishan; Zulpiya Mamat; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. 2019. "Gap dynamics of natural Populus euphratica floodplain forests affected by hydrological alteration along the Tarim River: Implications for restoration of the riparian forests." Forest Ecology and Management 438, no. : 103-113.

Research article
Published: 10 January 2019 in PLOS ONE
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The riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is an irreplaceable natural resource for its ecosystem, and also a guarantee for the transportation safety in this area. Here, we analyzed different plant influences on soil erosion and evaluate the main ecosystem service functions served by the riparian vegetation to study area. Results showed that the total amount of sand-fixation in the study area was 4.14×1013 t and that Tamarix chinensis had a greater influence on wind speed and sediment transport than Populus euphratica, and the Tamarix chinensis can be used as suitable vegetation for wind erosion measures and provide scientific basis for the optimization of vegetation matching and reasonable allocation scheme for ecological construction in arid areas. The total ecosystem service value was calculated to be $11.03×1011. Of the main ecosystem service functions, riparian vegetation primarily served as sand fixation. Results show that, this research was identical, and the construction of shelterbelt plays an important role in the promotion of wind and sand control measures. Finally, our findings highlights the need for further research on how vegetation function as windbreak and sand fixation.

ACS Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Ayinuer Aini. Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0208462 .

AMA Style

Zulpiya Mamat, Umut Halik, Tayierjiang Aishan, Ayinuer Aini. Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (1):e0208462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Ayinuer Aini. 2019. "Ecological effect of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in northwest China." PLOS ONE 14, no. 1: e0208462.

Chapter
Published: 20 December 2018 in Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs
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The article presents the results of studies on the use of Sentinel-2 satellite data and the application of SNAP and ArcGIS software for the classification and mapping of forest cover of the Naryn river floodplain. Available inventory maps of the Kyrgyz Forestry Administration are outdated and do not meet the current requirements and need to be updated with the use of satellite images from different systems. High-resolution Sentinel-2A multispectral imagery has been used to study the supervised forest cover classification of the floodplain areas of the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan for contributing to forest inventory and general analysis of the floodplain forest ecosystems. Using such high-resolution images in this study was due to the peculiar properties of classification and mapping of small vegetation areas of the unstable floodplains of mountain rivers. Supervised classification was performed using S2A MSI and WorldView-2 satellite images through SNAP software and field investigation data. Level-1C S2A multispectral images are processed to the Level-2A using Sen2Cor for the atmospheric corrections and further classification. The research results show the usefulness of high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery for land use and land cover classification as well as the best freely available tool for thematic mapping of riparian forests.

ACS Style

Akylbek Chymyrov; Florian Betz; Ermek Baibagyshov; Alishir Kurban; Bernd Cyffka; Umut Halik. Floodplain Forest Mapping with Sentinel-2 Imagery: Case Study of Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan. Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs 2018, 335 -347.

AMA Style

Akylbek Chymyrov, Florian Betz, Ermek Baibagyshov, Alishir Kurban, Bernd Cyffka, Umut Halik. Floodplain Forest Mapping with Sentinel-2 Imagery: Case Study of Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan. Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs. 2018; ():335-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akylbek Chymyrov; Florian Betz; Ermek Baibagyshov; Alishir Kurban; Bernd Cyffka; Umut Halik. 2018. "Floodplain Forest Mapping with Sentinel-2 Imagery: Case Study of Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan." Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs , no. : 335-347.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2018 in Ecological Engineering
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Environmental flow, one of the main restoration measures for regulated rivers, aims to restore and sustain degraded riparian ecosystems and the human wellbeing that depends on these ecosystems with a reasonable magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of water flow. However, efficacies of environmental flows are often restrained by other demands along the river and inappropriate water management, leading to only spatially limited habitats being suitable for ecosystem functioning. This paper presents current restoration measures in the lower reaches of the Tarim riparian ecosystem in Northwest China and analyzes ecohydrological dynamics as a function of environmental flows. The groundwater level oscillation before/after and during the environmental flows (i.e., manmade water diversion) was examined, and the Mann-Kendall test was applied to identify the overall trend of change in groundwater depth from 2003 to 2011. The growth, distribution, health status (referred to as “vitality”) and renewal potentials of the dominant tree species Populus euphratica were quantified by using individual-based repeated measurements of P. euphratica morphology in two sampling sites (a 100-ha permanent plot and five random sampling plots with 50-m radii) at Arghan village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Based on these measurements, the effects of restoration measures on the groundwater recharge and the revitalization of degraded trees were assessed. The main contribution and achievements of the water diversion project on rehabilitation of the degraded riparian forests were evaluated; further, the limitations and challenges faced by of the restoration project were examined. The results of this research could help establish a reference for monitoring changes in riparian forests in Central Asia and possibly recommend restoration measures for riparian forest ecosystems in arid regions worldwide.

ACS Style

Ümüt Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Florian Betz; Alishir Kurban; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Effectiveness and challenges of ecological engineering for desert riparian forest restoration along China’s largest inland river. Ecological Engineering 2018, 127, 11 -22.

AMA Style

Ümüt Halik, Tayierjiang Aishan, Florian Betz, Alishir Kurban, Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Effectiveness and challenges of ecological engineering for desert riparian forest restoration along China’s largest inland river. Ecological Engineering. 2018; 127 ():11-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ümüt Halik; Tayierjiang Aishan; Florian Betz; Alishir Kurban; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. 2018. "Effectiveness and challenges of ecological engineering for desert riparian forest restoration along China’s largest inland river." Ecological Engineering 127, no. : 11-22.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2018 in Remote Sensing
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Timely monitoring and mapping of salt-affected areas are essential for the prevention of land degradation and sustainable soil management in arid and semi-arid regions. The main objective of this study was to develop Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) polarimetry techniques for improved soil salinity mapping in the Keriya Oasis in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China, where salinized soil appears to be a major threat to local agricultural productivity. Multiple polarimetric target decomposition, optimal feature subset selection (wrapper feature selector, WFS), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were used for optimal soil salinization classification using quad-polarized PALSAR-2 data. A threefold exercise was conducted. First, 16 polarimetric decomposition methods were implemented and a wide range of polarimetric parameters and SAR discriminators were derived in order to mine hidden information in PolSAR data. Second, the optimal polarimetric feature subset that constitutes 19 polarimetric elements was selected adopting the WFS approach; optimum classification parameters were identified, and the optimal SVM classification model was obtained by employing a cross-validation method. Third, the WFS-SVM classification model was constructed, optimized, and implemented based on the optimal match of polarimetric features and optimum classification parameters. Soils with different salinization degrees (i.e., highly, moderately and slightly salinized soils) were extracted. Finally, classification results were compared with the Wishart supervised classification and conventional SVM classification to examine the performance of the proposed method for salinity mapping. Detailed field investigations and ground data were used for the validation of the adopted methods. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed WFS-SVM model were 87.57% and 0.85, respectively that were much higher than those obtained by the Wishart supervised classification with values of 73.87% and 0.68, as well as those of the commonly applied SVM classification of 83.61% and 0.80. Accuracy of different salinized soil mapping was also enhanced with the proposed methodology. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the Wishart and SVM classification, and demonstrated the advantages offered by the WFS-SVM classification and potentials of PolSAR data in the monitoring soil salinization.

ACS Style

İlyas Nurmemet; Vasit Sagan; Jian-Li Ding; Ümüt Halik; Abdulla Abliz; Zaytungul Yakup. A WFS-SVM Model for Soil Salinity Mapping in Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China Using Polarimetric Decomposition and Fully PolSAR Data. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 598 .

AMA Style

İlyas Nurmemet, Vasit Sagan, Jian-Li Ding, Ümüt Halik, Abdulla Abliz, Zaytungul Yakup. A WFS-SVM Model for Soil Salinity Mapping in Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China Using Polarimetric Decomposition and Fully PolSAR Data. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (4):598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

İlyas Nurmemet; Vasit Sagan; Jian-Li Ding; Ümüt Halik; Abdulla Abliz; Zaytungul Yakup. 2018. "A WFS-SVM Model for Soil Salinity Mapping in Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China Using Polarimetric Decomposition and Fully PolSAR Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 4: 598.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2018 in Forests
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Carbon management in forests has become the most important agenda of the first half of the 21st century in China in the context of the mitigation of climate change impact. As the main producer of the inland river basin ecosystem in arid region of Northwest China, the desert riparian forest maintains the regional environment and also holds a great significance in regulating the regional/global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the total biomass, carbon storage, as well as monetary ecosystem service values of desert riparian Populus euphratica Oliv. in the lower reaches of the Tarim River based on terrestrial forest inventory data within an area of 100 ha (100 plots with sizes of 100 m × 100 m) and digitized tree data within 1000 ha (with 10 m × 10 m grid) using a statistical model of biomass estimation against tree height (TH) and diameter at breast height (DBH) data. Our results show that total estimated biomass and carbon storage of P. euphratica within the investigated area ranged from 3.00 to 4317.00 kg/ha and from 1.82 to 2158.73 kg/ha, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship (p < 0.001) between biomass productivity of these forests and distance to the river and groundwater level. Large proportions of biomass (64% of total biomass) are estimated within 200 m distance to the river where groundwater is relatively favorable for vegetation growth and biomass production. However, our data demonstrated that total biomass showed a sharp decreasing trend with increasing distance to the river; above 800 m distance, less biomass and carbon storage were estimated. The total monetary value of the ecosystem service “carbon storage” provided by P. euphratica was estimated to be $6.8 × 104 USD within the investigated area, while the average monetary value was approximately $70 USD per ha, suggesting that the riparian forest ecosystem in the Tarim River Basin should be considered a relevant regional carbon sink. The findings of this study help to establish a better understanding of the spatial distribution pattern of P. euphratica forest under water scarcity and can also provide an alternative approach to local decision-makers for efficient and precise assessment of forest carbon resources for emission reduction programs.

ACS Style

Tayierjiang Aishan; Florian Betz; Umut Halik; Bernd Cyffka; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Biomass Carbon Sequestration Potential by Riparian Forest in the Tarim River Watershed, Northwest China: Implication for the Mitigation of Climate Change Impact. Forests 2018, 9, 196 .

AMA Style

Tayierjiang Aishan, Florian Betz, Umut Halik, Bernd Cyffka, Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Biomass Carbon Sequestration Potential by Riparian Forest in the Tarim River Watershed, Northwest China: Implication for the Mitigation of Climate Change Impact. Forests. 2018; 9 (4):196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tayierjiang Aishan; Florian Betz; Umut Halik; Bernd Cyffka; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. 2018. "Biomass Carbon Sequestration Potential by Riparian Forest in the Tarim River Watershed, Northwest China: Implication for the Mitigation of Climate Change Impact." Forests 9, no. 4: 196.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2018 in Water
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Cities at the fringe of the Taklimakan desert in NW China are prone to dust and sand storms with serious consequences for human well-being. The Kökyar Protection Forest was established in the 1980s as an ecological engineering project with the intent of protecting the city of Aksu, NW China, from these impacts. It is designed as a combination of poplar shelterbelts and orchards, irrigated by river water from the Aksu River, the main tributary of the Tarim River. Prevalent literature describes it as an afforestation project for combatting desertification with manifold positive effects for the economic, social, and environmental dimension of sustainable development. This paper sets out to challenge these claims by a sustainability assessment in which the plantation is examined from a broader perspective, embedding it to the wider context of social and environmental problems in South Xinjiang. Methods comprise evapotranspiration calculations, interviews, a socioeconomic household survey, stakeholder dialogues, and literature research. Results affirm its economic sustainability, but see a mixed record for the social sphere. From the nature conservation point of view, it has to be classified as unsustainable because its high irrigation water consumption results in the downstream desiccation and desertification of natural riparian forests along the Tarim River, causing a forest loss in the downstream area twice the size of the forest gain in the upstream area. There is a trade-off between artificial shelterbelt plantations for urban ecosystem services on the one hand side, and natural riparian forests and their biodiversity on the other hand side. The paper recommends restricting agricultural extension, and using locally adapted less water consuming agroforestry schemes to protect urban dwellers from dust stress.

ACS Style

Siegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp. Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China. Water 2018, 10, 343 .

AMA Style

Siegmund Missall, Abdulla Abliz, Ümüt Halik, Niels Thevs, Martin Welp. Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China. Water. 2018; 10 (3):343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp. 2018. "Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China." Water 10, no. 3: 343.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2018 in Sustainability
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Increasing anthropogenic activities have significantly altered ecosystems in arid oasis regions. Estimating the impact on a wide range of ecosystem services is important for decision making and the sustainable development of these regions. This study analyzed time-series Landsat data to determine the influences of oasis land-use changes on the ecosystem services in the Kashgar region in Northwest China. The following results were found. The total value of the ecosystem services in the Kashgar region were approximately $10,845.3, $11,218.6, $10,291.7, and $10,127.3 million in 1986, 1996, 2005, and 2015, respectively. The water supply, waste treatment, biodiversity protection, and recreation and cultural services were the four ecosystem services with the highest service value, contributing 77.05% of the total ecosystem services. The combined contribution rate of food production and raw material value was only about 4.02%, relatively small. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated total ecosystem service value (ESV) for this study area was relatively inelastic with respect to the value coefficients. The findings of this study will be crucial for maintaining the stability and sustainable development of the oasis region, where socio-economic development and the integrity of the natural ecosystem complement each other. Furthermore, the results provide a scientific basis for decision makers in land use management, and provide a reference for researchers in the Northwest China.

ACS Style

Aynur Mamat; Ümüt Halik; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Variations of Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land-Use Change in the Kashgar Region, Northwest China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 200 .

AMA Style

Aynur Mamat, Ümüt Halik, Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. Variations of Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land-Use Change in the Kashgar Region, Northwest China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aynur Mamat; Ümüt Halik; Aihemaitijiang Rouzi. 2018. "Variations of Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land-Use Change in the Kashgar Region, Northwest China." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 200.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2017 in Sustainability
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This study explores a paradigm of sustainable land use in the oases along the Tarim River of northwest China, where a fragile, semi-arid riparian ecosystem is being damaged by excessive land and water use for agriculture, especially for the growing of cotton. The reliance of agriculture on water-demanding cash crops in this region poses a grave threat to survival of the natural Tugai vegetation in the area and to the long-term sustainability of the region. We explored the hypothesis that the species Apocynum pictum (A. pictum), known as Lop-Kendir by locals, and the Chinese red date (Zyzyphus jujube) may act as sustainable crop substitutes for the region, thereby replacing the widely distributed cash crop of cotton that has high water demands. Therefore, we investigated current utilization and cost-revenue structure of these two alternative plants and compared the results to cotton. Three natural resource management types of A. pictum were both identified in the wild and cultivation, with cost-revenue analysis carried out for each. The results show that all three types of institutional arrangements of natural resources, which are namely open access, ranching and farming, were present in our study and at various levels for A. pictum. A. pictum farming costs 16,250.25 yuan/ha, generates 49,014.45 yuan/ha of revenue from raw materials and brings a profit of 32,764.2 yuan/ha, which is the highest of all three cash crops compared. The Chinese government encourages Chinese red date plantations with a “Grain for green” campaign in the Tarim Basin with this plant being more profitable than cotton, which could serve to diversify the region’s agriculture. We conclude that A. pictum offers opportunities for the restoration of vegetation in riparian ecosystems on salinized sites under the arid conditions of the Tarim Basin. Furthermore, it can serve as a viable land-use alternative to cotton for cash crop agriculture, as it may generate a certain income in the form of tea and fibers as well as fodder for livestock.

ACS Style

Aihemaitijiang Rouzi; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp; Tayierjiang Aishan. Water Efficient Alternative Crops for Sustainable Agriculture along the Tarim Basin: A Comparison of the Economic Potentials of Apocynum pictum, Chinese Red Date and Cotton in Xinjiang, China. Sustainability 2017, 10, 35 .

AMA Style

Aihemaitijiang Rouzi, Ümüt Halik, Niels Thevs, Martin Welp, Tayierjiang Aishan. Water Efficient Alternative Crops for Sustainable Agriculture along the Tarim Basin: A Comparison of the Economic Potentials of Apocynum pictum, Chinese Red Date and Cotton in Xinjiang, China. Sustainability. 2017; 10 (2):35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aihemaitijiang Rouzi; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp; Tayierjiang Aishan. 2017. "Water Efficient Alternative Crops for Sustainable Agriculture along the Tarim Basin: A Comparison of the Economic Potentials of Apocynum pictum, Chinese Red Date and Cotton in Xinjiang, China." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 35.

Article
Published: 12 December 2017 in Land Degradation & Development
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Ecosystem service and human activity assessment are essential for effective natural resources allocation; however, these were seldom researched in arid region. This study used the theory proposed by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to analyse ecosystem services provided by the floodplain forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Results showed the following: (a) In the research area, the ecosystem service values of approximately US$216.78 × 108 occurring from 1972 to 2015 showed a decreasing trend; (b) the total ecosystem service values for floodplain forest and water area for all land use and land cover types accounted for 87.43% of the total value in the research area, and water supply, biodiversity protection, and waste treatment accounted for 55% of the total function values—these were the highest service values; (c) this research showed that the estimated ecosystem service values of research area were inelastic to value coefficients. This study showed that future work should allow land use and Ecological Water Conveyance Project to follow with rigorous environmental impact analyses. These analyses will be crucial to maintain the stability and sustainable development in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and also can provide references for research in the arid regions of Northwest China and Central Asia.

ACS Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Ümüt Halik; Maierdang Keyimu; Ayjamal Keram; Kalbinur Nurmamat. Variation of the floodplain forest ecosystem service value in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China. Land Degradation & Development 2017, 29, 47 -57.

AMA Style

Zulpiya Mamat, Ümüt Halik, Maierdang Keyimu, Ayjamal Keram, Kalbinur Nurmamat. Variation of the floodplain forest ecosystem service value in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China. Land Degradation & Development. 2017; 29 (1):47-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zulpiya Mamat; Ümüt Halik; Maierdang Keyimu; Ayjamal Keram; Kalbinur Nurmamat. 2017. "Variation of the floodplain forest ecosystem service value in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 1: 47-57.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Plant Science
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Ethylene-Responsive Factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in multiple biological processes, especially in abiotic stress tolerance. However, the ERFs from woody halophytes that are involved in salt stress have been little studied. In the present investigation, we characterized a subfamily member of ERF TFs from Tamarix hispida, ThCRF1, which responds to salt stress. ThCRF1 is a nuclear protein that binds to the motifs including TTG, DRE and GCC-box. Transient transformation was performed to generate T. hispida overexpressing ThCRF1 and RNA interference (RNAi)-silenced ThCRF1 to analyze its function using gain- and loss-of-function methods. Overexpression of ThCRF1 in T. hispida significantly improved tolerance to salt-shock-induced stress; by contrast, RNAi-silence of ThCRF1 significantly decreased tolerance to salt-shock-induced stress. Further experiments showed that ThCRF1 induces the expression of genes including those encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), which lead to enhanced proline and trehalose levels and increased SOD and POD activities. These results were further confirmed by studying transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ThCRF1. Therefore, the results suggested that ThCRF1 improves tolerance to salt-shock-induced stress by enhancing trehalose and proline biosynthesis to adjust the osmotic potential, and by improving SOD and POD activities to increase reactive oxygen species scavenging capability.

ACS Style

Liping Qin; Liuqiang Wang; Yong Guo; Ümüt Halik; Halik Ümüt; Yucheng Wang. An ERF transcription factor from Tamarix hispida , ThCRF1, can adjust osmotic potential and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability to improve salt tolerance. Plant Science 2017, 265, 154 -166.

AMA Style

Liping Qin, Liuqiang Wang, Yong Guo, Ümüt Halik, Halik Ümüt, Yucheng Wang. An ERF transcription factor from Tamarix hispida , ThCRF1, can adjust osmotic potential and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability to improve salt tolerance. Plant Science. 2017; 265 ():154-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liping Qin; Liuqiang Wang; Yong Guo; Ümüt Halik; Halik Ümüt; Yucheng Wang. 2017. "An ERF transcription factor from Tamarix hispida , ThCRF1, can adjust osmotic potential and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability to improve salt tolerance." Plant Science 265, no. : 154-166.

Book chapter
Published: 22 September 2017 in Sustainable Land Management in Greater Central Asia
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The Greater Central Asia’s (GCA’s) rangelands1 are extensive (Squires & Lu, 2018a; Orlovsky & Orlovsky, 2018) and, in common with other semi-arid and arid regions, their utilization is strongly dependent on the primary production and soils from natural ecosystems (Kharin, 2002).

ACS Style

Dildora Aralova; Jahan Kariyeva; Lucas Menzel; Timur Khujanazarov; Kristina Toderich; Ümüt Halik; Dilshod Gofurov. Assessment of land degradation processes and identification of long-term trends in vegetation dynamics in the drylands of Greater Central Asia. Sustainable Land Management in Greater Central Asia 2017, 133 -154.

AMA Style

Dildora Aralova, Jahan Kariyeva, Lucas Menzel, Timur Khujanazarov, Kristina Toderich, Ümüt Halik, Dilshod Gofurov. Assessment of land degradation processes and identification of long-term trends in vegetation dynamics in the drylands of Greater Central Asia. Sustainable Land Management in Greater Central Asia. 2017; ():133-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dildora Aralova; Jahan Kariyeva; Lucas Menzel; Timur Khujanazarov; Kristina Toderich; Ümüt Halik; Dilshod Gofurov. 2017. "Assessment of land degradation processes and identification of long-term trends in vegetation dynamics in the drylands of Greater Central Asia." Sustainable Land Management in Greater Central Asia , no. : 133-154.

Original paper
Published: 16 September 2017 in Journal of Forestry Research
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Since 2000, the Chinese government has implemented emergency water diversion measures to restore the damaged riparian forest ecosystem with dominant tree species Euphrat poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.) at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. In the present study, comparative analysis of variations in the vitality of P. euphratica trees were made using 2005 and 2010 data to illustrate the revitalization process of riparian forest. Poplar trees within 300 m of the riverbed were positively revitalized, while the vitality of trees farther than 300 m from the river decreased. Population structure was studied to demonstrate the development of poplar community. In the first belt, the class structure for the diameter at breast height (DBH) of P. euphratica fit a logistic model, and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th belt curve fittings were close to a Gaussian model; in other plots they were bimodal. Cluster analysis of the composition of the DBH class of poplar trees demonstrated that those within 16–36 cm DBH were the most abundant (58.49% of total) in study area, under 16 cm of DBH were second (31.36%), and trees >40 cm DBH were the least abundant (10.15%). More than 80% of the trees were young and medium-sized, which means that the poplar forest community in the vicinity of the lower Tarim River is at a stable developmental stage. The abundance of juvenile trees of P. euphratica in the first and second measuring belts was 12.13% in 2005 and increased to 25.52% in 2010, which means that the emergency water transfer had a positive impact on the generation of young P. euphratica trees in the vicinity of the river.

ACS Style

Maierdang Keyimu; Ümüt Halik; Florian Betz; Choimaa Dulamsuren. Vitality variation and population structure of a riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, NW China. Journal of Forestry Research 2017, 29, 749 -760.

AMA Style

Maierdang Keyimu, Ümüt Halik, Florian Betz, Choimaa Dulamsuren. Vitality variation and population structure of a riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, NW China. Journal of Forestry Research. 2017; 29 (3):749-760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maierdang Keyimu; Ümüt Halik; Florian Betz; Choimaa Dulamsuren. 2017. "Vitality variation and population structure of a riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, NW China." Journal of Forestry Research 29, no. 3: 749-760.