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Coastal communities are prone to crises. Repeated exposure to crises constrains the ability of residents to access basic needs such as health, water and food, and may increase their vulnerability levels. In response, communities develop coping strategies such as depoldering (temporary breaching of embankments for TRM: tidal rivers management) and anti-aquaculture movements. However, existing research has not adequately explored the relationship between coping strategies and vulnerability. Theoretical literature is characterized by ambiguity on how various geocentric and anthropocentric factors affect vulnerability in the presence of community-developed coping strategies. Therefore, to advance theoretical knowledge in this field, this article first conceptualizes an integrated framework on the association between vulnerability and coping strategies by merging anthropocentric and geocentric approaches. It then uses mixed methods drawn from social science (surveys, semi-structured interviews), geography (spatial tools) and statistics (multiple regression) on data collected from the coastal belt of Bangladesh to demonstrate that coping strategies may have an effect on vulnerability in crisis-prone coastal regions. The significance of this study is that it demonstrates how the association between vulnerability and coping strategies is likely to be nuanced: depending on a) the type of vulnerability (food/water/health), and b) the coping strategy (TRM vs. anti-aquaculture movements). Different coping strategies are associated with different kinds of vulnerability and these relationships depend on local context (other anthropocentric and geocentric variables). Community movements against aquaculture could reduce food vulnerability, whereas TRM may reduce water vulnerability. Reduction in health vulnerability may instead be associated with urbanization and infrastructure development.
Sanchayan Nath; Frances E. Dunn; Frank van Laerhoven; Peter P.J. Driessen. Coping with crisis on the coast: The effect of community-developed coping-strategies on vulnerability in crisis-prone regions of the Ganges delta. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 284, 112072 .
AMA StyleSanchayan Nath, Frances E. Dunn, Frank van Laerhoven, Peter P.J. Driessen. Coping with crisis on the coast: The effect of community-developed coping-strategies on vulnerability in crisis-prone regions of the Ganges delta. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 284 ():112072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchayan Nath; Frances E. Dunn; Frank van Laerhoven; Peter P.J. Driessen. 2021. "Coping with crisis on the coast: The effect of community-developed coping-strategies on vulnerability in crisis-prone regions of the Ganges delta." Journal of Environmental Management 284, no. : 112072.
Worldwide countries face challenges to restore and preserve water resources. This paper analyses how governance approaches support the attainment of water quality ambitions set out in the European Water Framework Directive and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, the connection between the physical water system and the governing legal and societal systems is explored, using scientific literature and empirical material on governance approaches in the subdomains of drinking water resources, freshwater ecosystems and bathing water in the Netherlands. The results show the effects of the intricate relationship between water system characteristics and the drivers of water quality versus the various elements of a governance approach. For instance, hydrological, morphological and chemical objectives set different demands on governance conditions, related to the scale, roles and responsibilities of actors who need to be involved and coherence of the legal and policy frameworks in place. These demands can also be different during the different stages of a policy process. Choices made in a governance approach (who to involve, availability and use of legal instruments, measures and monitoring) may therefore influence the level of water quality improvement that can be achieved. A joint approach from the social-economic, legal and ecological knowledge domain during all stages of a policy process is necessary to overcome such unintended results.
Susanne Wuijts; Helena Rijswick; Peter Driessen. Achieving European Water Quality Ambitions: Governance Conditions for More Effective Approaches at the Local-Regional Scale. Sustainability 2021, 13, 681 .
AMA StyleSusanne Wuijts, Helena Rijswick, Peter Driessen. Achieving European Water Quality Ambitions: Governance Conditions for More Effective Approaches at the Local-Regional Scale. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne Wuijts; Helena Rijswick; Peter Driessen. 2021. "Achieving European Water Quality Ambitions: Governance Conditions for More Effective Approaches at the Local-Regional Scale." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 681.
Science–policy engagement efforts to accelerate climate action in agricultural systems are key to enable the sector to contribute to climate and food security goals. However, lessons to improve science–policy engagement efforts in this context mostly come from successful efforts and are limited in terms of empirical scope. Moreover, lessons have not been generated systematically from failed science–policy engagement efforts. Such analysis using lessons from failure management can improve or even transform the efficacy of efforts. To address this knowledge gap, we examined challenges and failures faced in science–policy engagement efforts of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). We developed an explanatory framework inspired by Cash et al.’s criteria for successful knowledge systems for sustainable development: credibility, salience, and legitimacy, complemented with insights from the wider literature. Using this framework in a survey, we identified factors which explain failure. To effectively manage these factors, we propose a novel approach for researchers working at the science–policy interface to fail intelligently, which involves planning for failure, minimizing risks, effective design, making failures visible, and learning from failures. This approach needs to be complemented by actions at the knowledge system level to create an enabling environment for science–policy interfaces.
Dhanush Dinesh; Dries Hegger; Joost Vervoort; Bruce M. Campbell; Peter P. J. Driessen. Learning from failure at the science–policy interface for climate action in agriculture. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2021, 26, 1 -24.
AMA StyleDhanush Dinesh, Dries Hegger, Joost Vervoort, Bruce M. Campbell, Peter P. J. Driessen. Learning from failure at the science–policy interface for climate action in agriculture. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2021; 26 (1):1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhanush Dinesh; Dries Hegger; Joost Vervoort; Bruce M. Campbell; Peter P. J. Driessen. 2021. "Learning from failure at the science–policy interface for climate action in agriculture." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 26, no. 1: 1-24.
Muhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter P. J. Driessen; Shantanu Majumder; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. A Community Management Plus Model for the Governance of Rural Drinking Water Systems: A Comparative Case Study of Pond Sand Filter Systems in Bangladesh. International Journal of the Commons 2020, 14, 662 -679.
AMA StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan, Peter P. J. Driessen, Shantanu Majumder, Annelies Zoomers, Frank Van Laerhoven. A Community Management Plus Model for the Governance of Rural Drinking Water Systems: A Comparative Case Study of Pond Sand Filter Systems in Bangladesh. International Journal of the Commons. 2020; 14 (1):662-679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter P. J. Driessen; Shantanu Majumder; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. 2020. "A Community Management Plus Model for the Governance of Rural Drinking Water Systems: A Comparative Case Study of Pond Sand Filter Systems in Bangladesh." International Journal of the Commons 14, no. 1: 662-679.
Deltas worldwide have been experiencing pressures and challenges exacerbated by climate change. An explicit focus on deltas is lacking in various bodies of literature, although present in those bodies focusing on the resilience of social-ecological systems. However, overall, literature relevant for addressing water and climate governance in deltas is arguably still fragmented, leading to knowledge gaps and unexplored opportunities with regards to the development of delta-oriented governance strategies. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review focusing on six bodies of literature relevant to delta governance up to and including the year 2019. The results show that scholarly interest in developing transformative pathways has increased sharply over the last few years. We derived seven key governance problems and five governance solutions for resilient deltas. We found that the predominant focus is still on technocratic approaches, with limited recognition of the political dimension and few forward-looking studies. In conclusion, we suggest stimulating the development and application of more anticipatory, transformative, and interactive modes of governance to help steer the transformation to resilient and sustainable deltas. We end with suggestions for systematic, interdisciplinary, and forward-looking empirical-analytical research.
Annisa Triyanti; Dries L. T. Hegger; Peter P. J. Driessen. Water and Climate Governance in Deltas: On the Relevance of Anticipatory, Interactive, and Transformative Modes of Governance. Water 2020, 12, 3391 .
AMA StyleAnnisa Triyanti, Dries L. T. Hegger, Peter P. J. Driessen. Water and Climate Governance in Deltas: On the Relevance of Anticipatory, Interactive, and Transformative Modes of Governance. Water. 2020; 12 (12):3391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnisa Triyanti; Dries L. T. Hegger; Peter P. J. Driessen. 2020. "Water and Climate Governance in Deltas: On the Relevance of Anticipatory, Interactive, and Transformative Modes of Governance." Water 12, no. 12: 3391.
Despite the burgeoning popularity of resilience as an urban policy narrative, we know little about how policymakers and planners approach the challenge of operationalising urban resilience or what problems they face. Although their ultimate goal is presumably to integrate resilience goals into sectoral policy and decision-making as well as to dissolve policy silos, the concept of mainstreaming has received relatively little attention in urban resilience literature so far. To address this void, we use the concept of mainstreaming to analyse the two cities of Christchurch and Rotterdam, both participants in the Rockefeller Foundation’s 100 Resilient Cities Programme. We identify three main challenges that are apparent in both cities despite their contextual differences. The first is to make resilience a top priority for policymaking and planning because it competes with other urban development agendas for political commitment. Secondly, institutionalising cross-sector governance constitutes a challenge because participation in 100 Resilient Cities brings few incentives for institutional reforms. The third challenge – to actively engage decision-makers from public and private sectors – arises because urban policymakers and planners are not sufficiently equipped to convince them to invest additional resources in terms of personnel, time and money and to dissolve conflicts of interest between them. In the light of these challenges, we argue that participating in 100 Resilient Cities is a relevant but not sufficient first step towards mainstreaming urban resilience in Christchurch and Rotterdam. In addition to developing a resilience strategy and appointing a Chief Resilience Officer, formal changes (for instance in procedural law and national policymaking) are required, to address the challenges identified.
Andreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen. Mainstreaming resilience in urban policy making? Insights from Christchurch and Rotterdam. Geoforum 2020, 117, 194 -205.
AMA StyleAndreas Huck, Jochen Monstadt, Peter Driessen. Mainstreaming resilience in urban policy making? Insights from Christchurch and Rotterdam. Geoforum. 2020; 117 ():194-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen. 2020. "Mainstreaming resilience in urban policy making? Insights from Christchurch and Rotterdam." Geoforum 117, no. : 194-205.
Critical infrastructures are increasingly recognized to be playing important roles in urban resilience theory and practice. However, little is known about which governance challenges result from making them an integral part of urban resilience policies and what role city administrations play or could play in the resulting governance arrangements. We address these shortcomings in the scholarly literature by analysing the case of the Dutch city of Rotterdam, which has positioned itself as a front runner with regard to urban resilience. We find that the city administration is limited in its authority and depends on decisions made by other public and private actors, particularly those relating to the integrated management of interconnected infrastructure networks such as those for water and energy provision. We therefore argue that institutionalizing resilience will strongly depend on city administrations’ institutional capacity to manage networks more effectively. For this, we derive key conditions for institutional adjustments in current governance arrangements. Necessary adjustments include redefining roles and responsibilities for cross‐territorial risk management, cross‐sectoral and cross‐departmental budgeting of resilience measures, and integrating local actions and measures with those at regional and national levels of government. Our conclusions call for national and supranational legal reforms to establish uniform procedural rules for urban risk management and contingency planning to provide guidance for municipalities on how to enhance the resilience of their cities and infrastructures.
Andreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen; Annette Rudolph‐Cleff. Towards Resilient Rotterdam? Key conditions for a networked approach to managing urban infrastructure risks. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 2020, 29, 12 -22.
AMA StyleAndreas Huck, Jochen Monstadt, Peter Driessen, Annette Rudolph‐Cleff. Towards Resilient Rotterdam? Key conditions for a networked approach to managing urban infrastructure risks. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. 2020; 29 (1):12-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen; Annette Rudolph‐Cleff. 2020. "Towards Resilient Rotterdam? Key conditions for a networked approach to managing urban infrastructure risks." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 29, no. 1: 12-22.
This study aims to identify governance conditions to realize urban bathing water sites using case study material from two cities in the Netherlands. Urban waters in Europe are increasingly considered an attractive feature for bathing, but research on the realization of urban bathing water sites has been limited. We find that it is important to account for the connectivity between water systems characteristics and governance conditions to increase effectiveness in the realization of urban bathing water sites. Ambitions regarding urban bathing water sites should be addressed in a wider policy context to create co-benefits, like other ambitions related to water quality, resilience and health. An analytical framework has been developed that could be used to support development and evaluation of future urban bathing water initiatives.
Susanne Wuijts; Lieke Friederichs; Judith A. Hin; Franciska M. Schets; Helena F. M. W. Van Rijswick; Peter Driessen. Governance conditions to overcome the challenges of realizing safe urban bathing water sites. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2020, 1 -25.
AMA StyleSusanne Wuijts, Lieke Friederichs, Judith A. Hin, Franciska M. Schets, Helena F. M. W. Van Rijswick, Peter Driessen. Governance conditions to overcome the challenges of realizing safe urban bathing water sites. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2020; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne Wuijts; Lieke Friederichs; Judith A. Hin; Franciska M. Schets; Helena F. M. W. Van Rijswick; Peter Driessen. 2020. "Governance conditions to overcome the challenges of realizing safe urban bathing water sites." International Journal of Water Resources Development , no. : 1-25.
Coastal regions are most susceptible to the effects of climate change. To increase infrastructure-resilience of such regions, reduce livelihood-vulnerability of people living in such regions and equip them with appropriate livelihood strategies, governments have invested heavily in coastal infrastructure such as polders. This research is focused on the polders of Bangladesh. The effectiveness of Bangladesh’s polders is disputed. No large-scale, evaluative, quantitative analysis of polders has yet been conducted. There is also only a limited number of evaluative studies on the factors which affect livelihood strategies, livelihood-vulnerability or infrastructure-resilience in polders. Therefore, the research question guiding this research is: What factors affect livelihood strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh? These questions are answered by drawing on propositions from the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) using statistical analysis of a dataset of 137 polders. This dataset has been created from 76 survey-based interviews, secondary research and geo-spatial analysis. It is hypothesized that under different contextual settings, different combinations of livelihood resource endowments, lead to different combinations of livelihood strategies. These combinations of livelihood strategies lead to different outcomes after being moderated by different institutional, and political settings, under different contextual settings. This research demonstrates that various kinds of conflict-related and rule-making variables affect sustainability outcomes. Relationships proposed by the SLA are statistically significant and are generalizable across a large number of heterogeneous sites. Geological, geomorphological, climatic and hydrological conditions also affect livelihood decisions of polder-residents and also affect the condition of polder-infrastructure.
Sanchayan Nath; Frank van Laerhoven; Peter Driessen; Nadiruzzaman. Capital, rules or conflict? Factors affecting livelihood-strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh. Sustainability Science 2020, 15, 1169 -1183.
AMA StyleSanchayan Nath, Frank van Laerhoven, Peter Driessen, Nadiruzzaman. Capital, rules or conflict? Factors affecting livelihood-strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh. Sustainability Science. 2020; 15 (4):1169-1183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchayan Nath; Frank van Laerhoven; Peter Driessen; Nadiruzzaman. 2020. "Capital, rules or conflict? Factors affecting livelihood-strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh." Sustainability Science 15, no. 4: 1169-1183.
In the Netherlands land subsidence is a continuously ongoing process. Consequently, an increasing number of people and economic assets are exposed to subsidence, damage costs are soaring, and flood risk and greenhouse gas emissions are increasing. In some areas tipping points have already been reached, where current land-use can no longer be maintained without considerable costs, underlining the urgency to take action. Together with a consortium consisting of universities, research institutes, governmental agencies, public and private partners we have developed a national, multidisciplinary research programme aiming to develop an integrative approach to achieve feasible, legitimate and sustainable solutions for managing the negative societal effects of land subsidence, connecting fundamental research on subsidence processes to socio-economic impact of subsidence and to governance and legal framework design. The program is designed to co-create insights that help to effectively mitigate and adapt to subsidence within the Netherlands by making major improvements in measuring and modeling the processes and consequences of subsidence, identifying, developing and critically evaluating control measures and designing governance and legal approaches that facilitate their implementation. Hereto we will develop (a) new satellite-based technology to measure, attribute and monitor subsidence, (b) solid understanding of the interacting multiple processes contributing to total subsidence, (c) sophisticated physical and economic numerical models to predict human-induced subsidence rates and impacts, and (d) implementation strategies that go beyond technical measures, to strengthen governance and financing capacities as well as legal frameworks. This fully integrated approach deals with all impacts of land subsidence on society and the economy.
Esther Stouthamer; Gilles Erkens; Kim Cohen; Dries Hegger; Peter Driessen; Hans-Peter Weikard; Mariet Hefting; Ramon Hanssen; Peter Fokker; Jan Van Den Akker; Frank Groothuijse; Marleen Van Rijswick. Dutch national scientific research program on land subsidence: Living on soft soils – subsidence and society. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 2020, 382, 815 -819.
AMA StyleEsther Stouthamer, Gilles Erkens, Kim Cohen, Dries Hegger, Peter Driessen, Hans-Peter Weikard, Mariet Hefting, Ramon Hanssen, Peter Fokker, Jan Van Den Akker, Frank Groothuijse, Marleen Van Rijswick. Dutch national scientific research program on land subsidence: Living on soft soils – subsidence and society. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. 2020; 382 ():815-819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Stouthamer; Gilles Erkens; Kim Cohen; Dries Hegger; Peter Driessen; Hans-Peter Weikard; Mariet Hefting; Ramon Hanssen; Peter Fokker; Jan Van Den Akker; Frank Groothuijse; Marleen Van Rijswick. 2020. "Dutch national scientific research program on land subsidence: Living on soft soils – subsidence and society." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382, no. : 815-819.
Literature on sustainability transitions advocates the institutionalisation of niche innovations and assigns an important role for institutional work in this respect. Previous work has conceptually and empirically substantiated a range of strategies that institutional entrepreneurs perform. However, little is known about how institutional entrepreneurs engage differently in institutional strategies across different dynamic niche contexts. We distinguish between four different niche contexts: market-based niche development, market-based regime transformation, community-based niche development and community-based regime transformation. This typology is then conceptually combined with theory on institutional entrepreneurship and institutional work to examine the diverse agential processes of institutional change through which actors shape and transform their institutional environments. The usefulness of this framework is explored in an analysis of the low-carbon building stock in the Netherlands. The analysis demonstrates that the framework offers a comprehensive approach to examine variety in the arsenal of strategies of institutional work across different contexts.
Didi van Doren; Hens Runhaar; Rob P.J.M. Raven; Mendel Giezen; Peter Driessen. Institutional work in diverse niche contexts: The case of low-carbon housing in the Netherlands. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 2020, 35, 116 -134.
AMA StyleDidi van Doren, Hens Runhaar, Rob P.J.M. Raven, Mendel Giezen, Peter Driessen. Institutional work in diverse niche contexts: The case of low-carbon housing in the Netherlands. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 2020; 35 ():116-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDidi van Doren; Hens Runhaar; Rob P.J.M. Raven; Mendel Giezen; Peter Driessen. 2020. "Institutional work in diverse niche contexts: The case of low-carbon housing in the Netherlands." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 35, no. : 116-134.
Urban resilience has become a popular notion among urban policymakers and scientists, as a way to deal with the many complex issues that cities face. While it has positive connotations and resonates with local urban agendas, it is not always clear what it means and what factors contribute to resilience. Additionally, critical literature observes that people's views on what resilience means can differ strongly and the many choices that are made in planning and implementing resilience are often left implicit. In this paper, we describe a diagnostic tool that tackles these issues by (1) distilling resilience principles and narratives that provide a comprehensive picture of the different pathways that resilience-building could take, and (2) making explicit and facilitating reflection on the choices embedded in planning for urban resilience. We illustrate the tool with an application on urban flood risk management in Rotterdam. We conclude that the Resilience Diagnostic Tool is useful to reflect on the local goals of resilience-building, to diagnose choices made in urban plans, and to reflect on their consequences. It supports policymakers in making deliberate, transparent and goal-oriented choices on urban resilience.
Arjan Wardekker; Bettina Wilk; Valerie Brown; Caroline Uittenbroek; Heleen Mees; Peter Driessen; Martin Wassen; Arnoud Molenaar; Jim Walda; Hens Runhaar. A diagnostic tool for supporting policymaking on urban resilience. Cities 2020, 101, 102691 .
AMA StyleArjan Wardekker, Bettina Wilk, Valerie Brown, Caroline Uittenbroek, Heleen Mees, Peter Driessen, Martin Wassen, Arnoud Molenaar, Jim Walda, Hens Runhaar. A diagnostic tool for supporting policymaking on urban resilience. Cities. 2020; 101 ():102691.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArjan Wardekker; Bettina Wilk; Valerie Brown; Caroline Uittenbroek; Heleen Mees; Peter Driessen; Martin Wassen; Arnoud Molenaar; Jim Walda; Hens Runhaar. 2020. "A diagnostic tool for supporting policymaking on urban resilience." Cities 101, no. : 102691.
The adoption of solar energy is lagging behind in urban areas worldwide. Although the literature on energy transition is abundant, it has been focused mostly at the systems level. Few studies have addressed on-the-ground implementation. This paper examines a specific but prominent example of such on-the-ground practice: decision-making processes in strata buildings whose owners are organized in a (home) owners’ association. These buildings constitute a significant proportion of the housing stock in European cities, and hence their role in energy transition cannot be underestimated. In strata buildings, homeowners have to reach an agreement before renewable energy measures can be implemented. These related group decision-making processes are still a black box, however. We constructed a tentative framework based on a review of group decision-making and applied literature, which we validated and refined using a survey and in-depth interviews with (home) owners’ associations in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Our study aimed to explore what the stimuli and barriers for the adoption of renewable energy measures in group settings are. Our empirical findings suggest that leadership and information processing are key factors that explain the outcomes of group decision-making processes. Whereas many are convinced that energy transitions are technically possible, their day-to-day implementation has proven to be complicated. For energy transitions to succeed, the recognition of key factors that explain the outcomes of group decision-making needs to be taken into account.
Judith C. M. Roodenrijs; Dries L. T. Hegger; Heleen L. P. Mees; Peter Driessen. Opening up the Black Box of Group Decision-Making on Solar Energy: The Case of Strata Buildings in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2097 .
AMA StyleJudith C. M. Roodenrijs, Dries L. T. Hegger, Heleen L. P. Mees, Peter Driessen. Opening up the Black Box of Group Decision-Making on Solar Energy: The Case of Strata Buildings in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJudith C. M. Roodenrijs; Dries L. T. Hegger; Heleen L. P. Mees; Peter Driessen. 2020. "Opening up the Black Box of Group Decision-Making on Solar Energy: The Case of Strata Buildings in Amsterdam, the Netherlands." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2097.
Studies on stability and change in modes of environmental governance often remain implicit regarding the conceptualisation, nature and causes of stability and change. Moreover, they are selective in the addressed explanatory factors. Theorising of stability and change in modes of environmental governance could be brought to the next level by enhancing the comparability and alignment of explanatory studies. This paper aims to contribute to this effort using insights regarding the definition and explanation of change processes gained in the policy and political sciences. Based on these insights, we provide a systematic approach for conceptualising “stability” and “change” in modes of governance and introduce six categories of explanatory factors: physical circumstances, infrastructures, institutional settings, discourse, characteristics of agency and shock events. The case of Dutch flood risk governance shows the usefulness of the proposed approach. We conclude by reflecting on the approach's potential for providing richer and more nuanced explanations.
Dries L.T. Hegger; Hens A.C. Runhaar; Frank Van Laerhoven; Peter P.J. Driessen. Towards explanations for stability and change in modes of environmental governance: A systematic approach with illustrations from the Netherlands. Earth System Governance 2020, 3, 100048 .
AMA StyleDries L.T. Hegger, Hens A.C. Runhaar, Frank Van Laerhoven, Peter P.J. Driessen. Towards explanations for stability and change in modes of environmental governance: A systematic approach with illustrations from the Netherlands. Earth System Governance. 2020; 3 ():100048.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDries L.T. Hegger; Hens A.C. Runhaar; Frank Van Laerhoven; Peter P.J. Driessen. 2020. "Towards explanations for stability and change in modes of environmental governance: A systematic approach with illustrations from the Netherlands." Earth System Governance 3, no. : 100048.
Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach for fully co-creating research into environmental problems with the public. We argue this is mostly done for manifest environmental problems that clearly threaten livelihoods and have highly predictable impacts. But the conventional PAR approach is not suitable when the impacts are poorly understood and pose a low threat to livelihoods. Such latent environmental problems do not have a clear conflict to be resolved; instead, the community’s inertia should be overcome. In this article, we develop what we call the PAR-L approach, for which we present a step-by-step guide and an evaluation framework. We then demonstrate this approach on the latent problem of the invasive alien Coralita vine (Antigonon leptopus) on Saba (Caribbean Netherlands) and find that it results in thorough understanding of the community inertia. Overcoming the inertia would require a project to run longer and a simultaneous knowledge-gathering effort, but PAR-L is a good starting point.
Jetske Vaas; Peter P. J. Driessen; Mendel Giezen; Frank Van Laerhoven; Martin J. Wassen. Tailoring participatory action research to deal with the latent problem of an invasive alien vine on Saba, Caribbean Netherlands. Regional Environmental Change 2020, 20, 1 -14.
AMA StyleJetske Vaas, Peter P. J. Driessen, Mendel Giezen, Frank Van Laerhoven, Martin J. Wassen. Tailoring participatory action research to deal with the latent problem of an invasive alien vine on Saba, Caribbean Netherlands. Regional Environmental Change. 2020; 20 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJetske Vaas; Peter P. J. Driessen; Mendel Giezen; Frank Van Laerhoven; Martin J. Wassen. 2020. "Tailoring participatory action research to deal with the latent problem of an invasive alien vine on Saba, Caribbean Netherlands." Regional Environmental Change 20, no. 1: 1-14.
The management of large-scale disasters in urban agglomerations often reveals fragmented governance structures. Accordingly, recent debates in the field of disaster risk management call for better coordination of agencies and actors across organisational and territorial boundaries, arguing that this would ultimately improve the resilience of urban areas. However, our analysis of the metropolitan area of Greater Christchurch, which experienced a series of devastating earthquakes in 2010/2011, shows that this conclusion inadequately acknowledges the uncertainties and institutional complexities in the governance of resilience. We show that debates on urban resilience can benefit from the concept of institutional connectivity – defined as institutionalised forms of vertical, horizontal or cross-territorial interaction – to systematically address these complexities. Our empirical results suggest that the efficacy of different forms of institutional connectivity depends on prevailing circumstances. Therefore, particular forms of connectivity should be prioritised on a case-by-case basis. Our empirical study reveals that enhancing institutional connectivity is a resource-intensive and contested process that might induce negative trade-offs. We contend that because institutions shape how different agencies and organisations interact, scholarly debates on urban resilience should put more emphasis on processes of institutional reform and stress the political dimension of institution building for urban resilience.
Andreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen. Building urban and infrastructure resilience through connectivity: An institutional perspective on disaster risk management in Christchurch, New Zealand. Cities 2019, 98, 102573 .
AMA StyleAndreas Huck, Jochen Monstadt, Peter Driessen. Building urban and infrastructure resilience through connectivity: An institutional perspective on disaster risk management in Christchurch, New Zealand. Cities. 2019; 98 ():102573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Huck; Jochen Monstadt; Peter Driessen. 2019. "Building urban and infrastructure resilience through connectivity: An institutional perspective on disaster risk management in Christchurch, New Zealand." Cities 98, no. : 102573.
Communities living in coastal regions are vulnerable to flooding, salinity intrusion, and natural hazards. This is aggravated by climate change. In order to reduce this vulnerability, governments have invested heavily in developing coastal infrastructures. One type of infrastructure development regards polders (i.e., pieces of land previously subject to permanent or temporal overflow that are now surrounded by embankments that prevent inundation). The impact of polderization on livelihood vulnerability is not straightforward and is therefore still poorly understood. In order to analyze such impacts, we present a comparative case study of four polders in Bangladesh that are characterized by varying societal circumstances, hydrological conditions, hydrological interventions, and different levels of community response to polderization. How does livelihood vulnerability vary temporally and spatially in polders, and what explains such variation? We use data collected via 162 surveys, 40 semi-structured interviews, and secondary research to analyze trends in the scores of the livelihood vulnerability index. Based on our analysis, we argue that after accounting for interactions amongst variables like hydrological conditions, hydrological interventions, community response, and other societal factors, livelihood vulnerability is lower in polders characterized by higher community involvement in using hydrological interventions to control the flow of saline water.
Sanchayan Nath; Frank Van Laerhoven; Peter P. J. Driessen. Have Bangladesh’s Polders Decreased Livelihood Vulnerability? A Comparative Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7141 .
AMA StyleSanchayan Nath, Frank Van Laerhoven, Peter P. J. Driessen. Have Bangladesh’s Polders Decreased Livelihood Vulnerability? A Comparative Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchayan Nath; Frank Van Laerhoven; Peter P. J. Driessen. 2019. "Have Bangladesh’s Polders Decreased Livelihood Vulnerability? A Comparative Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7141.
Rather than committing exclusively to one drinking water option, households in Bangladesh often use a portfolio of sources that, in varying ways, to varying extents satisfy one or more out of several preferences they hold with regard to their drinking water. What happens if a new option is added to that mix? In communities of Bangladesh’ Southwestern coastal region where a new option (managed aquifer recharge, or MAR) was recently introduced, we observe variation in the extent to which this source contributes to satisfying households’ drinking water needs. Using multiple linear regression (n = 636 households), we found that perceived risk, costs, taste, self-efficacy, and form and intensity of competition with alternative drinking water options matter significantly.
Muhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter P. J. Driessen; Shantanu Majumder; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. Factors Affecting Consumption of Water from a Newly Introduced Safe Drinking Water System: The Case of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Systems in Bangladesh. Water 2019, 11, 2459 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan, Peter P. J. Driessen, Shantanu Majumder, Annelies Zoomers, Frank Van Laerhoven. Factors Affecting Consumption of Water from a Newly Introduced Safe Drinking Water System: The Case of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Systems in Bangladesh. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter P. J. Driessen; Shantanu Majumder; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. 2019. "Factors Affecting Consumption of Water from a Newly Introduced Safe Drinking Water System: The Case of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Systems in Bangladesh." Water 11, no. 12: 2459.
Local governments are experimenting with low-carbon initiatives (LCIs) to learn how the transition to low-carbon cities can be advanced. However, little is known about how local governments can capitalize on what has been learned and use it to accelerate scaling-up processes. This paper explores the complex relationship between LCIs and learning processes at the level of local government. The issue is examined through an explorative embedded case study in the City of Copenhagen, a sustainability frontrunner. The paper makes three contributions that enrich literature and practice concerning climate governance for sustainability transitions. First, it offers an overview of two types of knowledge that can be derived from LCIs to accelerate scaling-up processes: instrumental and transformative knowledge. Second, the paper provides a concrete overview of learning practices for governing learning processes within local government. Local governments can learn from LCIs through four categories of practice: experience accumulation, knowledge articulation, knowledge codification, and knowledge distribution. Finally, the paper offers an overview of explanatory factors related to the motivation, resources, and skills that influence a local government's capacity to learn from LCIs. The findings particularly highlight the importance of setting a mandate for experimenting with and evaluating LCIs.
Didi van Doren; Peter P.J. Driessen; Hens A.C. Runhaar; Mendel Giezen. Learning within local government to promote the scaling-up of low-carbon initiatives: A case study in the City of Copenhagen. Energy Policy 2019, 136, 111030 .
AMA StyleDidi van Doren, Peter P.J. Driessen, Hens A.C. Runhaar, Mendel Giezen. Learning within local government to promote the scaling-up of low-carbon initiatives: A case study in the City of Copenhagen. Energy Policy. 2019; 136 ():111030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDidi van Doren; Peter P.J. Driessen; Hens A.C. Runhaar; Mendel Giezen. 2019. "Learning within local government to promote the scaling-up of low-carbon initiatives: A case study in the City of Copenhagen." Energy Policy 136, no. : 111030.
In this article, we link NGO-supplied drinking water infrastructure projects with collective action development approaches. Although governing local, shared drinking water systems (DWS) requires users to act collectively, users rarely organize such collective action successfully by themselves. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are therefore frequently called upon to support local communities to set up or consolidate the kind of local collective action required for governing DWSs. However, the effectiveness of such forms of NGO support remains unclear. Therefore, this paper attempts to assess the form and impact of this kind of NGO support. Combining insights gained from theory on institutions for collective action in the context of shared resource systems, we develop a set of requirements presumed necessary for guaranteeing both day-to-day and long-term collective action among local shared DWS users. We apply this framework to empirically explore if, how and why NGO support targets these requirements, and whether this support influences users’ capacity for collective action. To this end we examine 11 cases where NGOs have worked with users of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. We collected data through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews with local leaders, NGO officials, and project staff, and by reviewing project documentation. We find that NGO support favors long-term requirements over the requirements for day-to-day collective action. NGO activities seem based on applying standard approaches to training and awareness raising, and less on empowering users to craft their own solutions. A case for a lasting impact of NGO support on any of the requirements is hard to make. Our results imply that when attempting to organize effective and long-lasting forms of collective action among the users of shared resource systems, both NGOs and commissioners of projects need to engage more explicitly in learning what works and what doesn’t.
Muhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter Driessen; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. World Development 2019, 126, 104710 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan, Peter Driessen, Annelies Zoomers, Frank Van Laerhoven. How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. World Development. 2019; 126 ():104710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Badrul Hasan; Peter Driessen; Annelies Zoomers; Frank Van Laerhoven. 2019. "How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh." World Development 126, no. : 104710.