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Dr. Cristian Ferreiro
University of the Basque Country UPV /EHU

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 TiO2
0 Ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation
0 Adsorption and adsorbents
0 photocatalyis and clean water
0 catalytic ozonation

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catalytic ozonation
TiO2

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Short Biography

Cristian Ferreiro obtained his degree in Chemical Engineering in 2015 from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). In 2016, he studied a postgraduate in Chemical Engineering at the University of the Basque Country and the University of Cantabria. In 2017 he joined in the Chemical Engineering in Energy and Environment research group (IQE&MA) to start the doctoral thesis (Analysis of the behaviour of TiO2 as a radical generating agent in advanced oxidation processes based on UV and O3) under the supervision of Prof. Dr. José Ignacio Lombraña and Dr. María J. Rivero at the same university. He is interested in the development of new catalytic materials based on transition metals on carbonaceous supports with improved properties for efficient water treatment by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). His research focuses on the development of new reaction equipment and the implementation of catalytic ozonation processes in combination with other AOPs for water treatment.

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Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Catalysts
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This work studied the removal of phenol from industrial effluents through catalytic ozonation in the presence of granular activated carbon in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. Phenol was chosen as model pollutant because of its environmental impact and high toxicity. Based on the evolution of total organic carbon (TOC) and phenol concentration, a kinetic model was proposed to study the effect of the operational variables on the combined adsorption–oxidation (Ad/Ox) process. The proposed three-phase model expressed the oxidation phenomena in the liquid and the adsorption and oxidation on the surface of the granular activated carbon in the form of two kinetic constants, k1 and k2 respectively. The interpretation of the constants allow to study the benefits and behaviour of the use of activated carbon during the ozonisation process under different conditions affecting adsorption, oxidation, and mass transfer. Additionally, the calculated kinetic parameters helped to explain the observed changes in treatment efficiency. The results showed that phenol would be completely removed at an effective contact time of 3.71 min, operating at an alkaline pH of 11.0 and an ozone gas concentration of 19.0 mg L−1. Under these conditions, a 97.0% decrease in the initial total organic carbon was observed.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Ana de Luis; Natalia Villota; Jose María Lomas; José Ignacio Lombraña; Luis Miguel Camarero. Application of a Combined Adsorption−Ozonation Process for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment in a Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor. Catalysts 2021, 11, 1014 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Ana de Luis, Natalia Villota, Jose María Lomas, José Ignacio Lombraña, Luis Miguel Camarero. Application of a Combined Adsorption−Ozonation Process for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment in a Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (8):1014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Ana de Luis; Natalia Villota; Jose María Lomas; José Ignacio Lombraña; Luis Miguel Camarero. 2021. "Application of a Combined Adsorption−Ozonation Process for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment in a Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor." Catalysts 11, no. 8: 1014.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Scientific Reports
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This work develops a kinetic model that allow to predict the water toxicity and the main degradation products concentration of aqueous solutions containing 4-chlorophenol oxidised by UV/H2O2. The kinetic model was developed grouping degradation products of similar toxicological nature: aromatics (hydroquinone, benzoquinone, 4-chlorocatechol and catechol), aliphatics (succinic, fumaric, maleic and malonic acids) and mineralised compounds (oxalic, acetic and formic acids). The degradation of each group versus time was described as a mathematical function of the rate constant of a second-order reaction involving the hydroxyl radical, the quantum yield of lump, the concentration of the hydroxyl radicals and the intensity of the emitted UV radiation. The photolytic and kinetic parameters characterising each lump were adjusted by experimental assays. The kinetic, mass balance and toxicity equations were solved using the Berkeley Madonna numerical calculation tool. Results showed that 4-chlorophenol would be completely removed during the first hour of the reaction, operating with oxidant molar ratios higher than R = 200 at pH 6.0 and UV = 24 W. Under these conditions, a decrease in the rate of total organic carbon (TOC) removal close to 50% from the initial value was observed. The solution colour, attributed to the presence of oxidation products as p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone, were oxidised to colourless species, that resulted in a decrease in the toxicity of the solutions (9.95 TU) and the aromaticity lost.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Josu Sanz; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; José Ignacio Lombraña. Kinetic modelling for concentration and toxicity changes during the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Josu Sanz, Natalia Villota, Ana de Luis, José Ignacio Lombraña. Kinetic modelling for concentration and toxicity changes during the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Josu Sanz; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; José Ignacio Lombraña. 2021. "Kinetic modelling for concentration and toxicity changes during the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2021 in Catalysts
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the turbidity generated during the Fenton photo-reaction applied to the oxidation of waters containing carbamazepine as a function of factors such as pH, H2O2 concentration and catalyst dosage. The results let establish the degradation pathways and the main decomposition byproducts. It is found that the pH affects the turbidity of the water. Working between pH = 2.0 and 2.5, the turbidity is under 1 NTU due to the fact that iron, added as a catalyst, is in the form of a ferrous ion. Operating at pH values above 3.0, the iron species in their oxidized state (mainly ferric hydroxide in suspension) would cause turbidity. The contribution of these ferric species is a function of the concentration of iron added to the process, verifying that the turbidity increases linearly according to a ratio of 0.616 NTU L/mg Fe. Performing with oxidant concentrations at (H2O2) = 2.0 mM, the turbidity undergoes a strong increase until reaching values around 98 NTU in the steady state. High turbidity levels can be originated by the formation of coordination complexes, consisting of the union of three molecules containing substituted carboxylic groups (BaQD), which act as ligands towards an iron atom with Fe3+ oxidation state.

ACS Style

Natalia Villota; Cristian Ferreiro; Hussein Qulatein; Jose Lomas; Jose Lombraña. Turbidity Changes during Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton. Catalysts 2021, 11, 894 .

AMA Style

Natalia Villota, Cristian Ferreiro, Hussein Qulatein, Jose Lomas, Jose Lombraña. Turbidity Changes during Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (8):894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Villota; Cristian Ferreiro; Hussein Qulatein; Jose Lomas; Jose Lombraña. 2021. "Turbidity Changes during Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton." Catalysts 11, no. 8: 894.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Catalysts
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The oxidation of aqueous solutions of carbamazepine is conducted using the Fenton reagent, combined with the photolytic action of a 150 W medium pressure UV lamp, operating at T = 40 °C. The effect of acidity is analysed at an interval pH = 2.0–5.0, verifying that operating at pH = 5.0 promotes colour formation (Colour = 0.15 AU). The effect of iron is studied, finding that the colour of the water increases in a linear way, Colour = 0.05 + 0.0075 [Fe]0. The oxidising action of hydrogen peroxide is tested, confirming that when operating with [H2O2]0 = 2.0 mM, the maximum colour is generated (Colourmax = 0.381 AU). The tint would be generated by the degradation of by-products of carbamazepine, which have chromophoric groups in their internal structure, such as oxo and dioxocarbazepines, which would produce tint along the first minutes of oxidation, while the formation of acridones would slowly induce colour in the water.

ACS Style

Natalia Villota; Cristian Ferreiro; Hussein Qulatein; Jose Lomas; Luis Camarero; José Lombraña. Colour Changes during the Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton. Catalysts 2021, 11, 386 .

AMA Style

Natalia Villota, Cristian Ferreiro, Hussein Qulatein, Jose Lomas, Luis Camarero, José Lombraña. Colour Changes during the Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (3):386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Villota; Cristian Ferreiro; Hussein Qulatein; Jose Lomas; Luis Camarero; José Lombraña. 2021. "Colour Changes during the Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton." Catalysts 11, no. 3: 386.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Agronomy
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The water–development nexus is essential for the advancement and progress of cities in the face of problems such as climate change, water security and increasing environmental stress in the agricultural sector. Aiming for a circular economy and, at the same time, improving the resilience of water supply alternatives and achieving a goal of zero waste, this work presents a technical–economic study of a novel continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) system with self-cleaning capacity coupled to an ozonation process, for the treatment of urban WWTP effluent. The removal efficiencies achieved were analysed both through macroscopic parameters (suspended solids, turbidity) and for the most frequently occurring contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Consequently, an effluent suitable for irrigation was obtained, with a total recovery factor of 97.92%, a concentration of suspended solids (SS) below 1 mg L−1, 0.06 NTU turbidity and toxicity free, complying with the new European Regulation on Water Reuse (EU 2020/741). A comparative analysis of the proposed process with regard to conventional tertiary treatment revealed that the proposed process was 39.1% more economic, with a cost of 0.0325 € m−3. This alternative treatment will be of great interest because of its favourable technical–economic characteristics, being postulated as a basic process for implementation in modern water reuse plants.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; José Lombraña; Nestor Etxebarria; Jose Lomas. Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture. Agronomy 2021, 11, 322 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Natalia Villota, Ana de Luis, José Lombraña, Nestor Etxebarria, Jose Lomas. Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; José Lombraña; Nestor Etxebarria; Jose Lomas. 2021. "Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 322.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2020 in Water
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This work aims to study the sustainable catalytic ozonation of aniline promoted by granular active carbon (GAC) doped with TiO2. Aniline was selected as a model compound for the accelerator manufacturing industries used in the manufacture of rubber due to its environmental impact, low biodegradability, and harmful genotoxic effects on human health. Based on the evolution of total organic carbon (TOC), aniline concentration measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pH and ozone concentration in liquid and gas phase, and catalyst loading, a three-phase reaction system has been modelled. The proposed three-phase model related the ozone transfer parameters and the pseudo-first order kinetic constants through three coefficients that involve the adsorption process, oxidation in the liquid, and the solid catalyst. The interpretation of the kinetic constants of the process allowed the predominance of the mechanism of Langmuir–Hinshelwood or modified Eley–Rideal to be elucidated. Seven intermediate aromatic reaction products, representative of the direct action of ozone and the radical pathway, were identified and quantified, as well as precursors of the appearance of turbidity, with which two possible routes of degradation of aniline being proposed.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; José Ignacio Lombraña; María J. Rivero. Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Aniline-Contaminated Waters: A Three-Phase Modelling Approach Using TiO2/GAC. Water 2020, 12, 3448 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Natalia Villota, José Ignacio Lombraña, María J. Rivero. Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Aniline-Contaminated Waters: A Three-Phase Modelling Approach Using TiO2/GAC. Water. 2020; 12 (12):3448.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; José Ignacio Lombraña; María J. Rivero. 2020. "Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Aniline-Contaminated Waters: A Three-Phase Modelling Approach Using TiO2/GAC." Water 12, no. 12: 3448.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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This paper presents an intensification study of an ozonation process through an ultrasonic pre-treatment for the elimination of humic substances in water and thus, improve the quality of water treatment systems for human consumption. Humic acids were used as representative of natural organic matter in real waters which present low biodegradability and a high potential for trihalomethane formation. Ultrasonic frequency (98 kHz, 300 kHz and 1 MHz), power (10-40 W) and sonicated volume (150-400 mL) was varied to assess the efficiency of the ultrasonic pre-treatment in the subsequent ozonation process. A direct link between OH radical (●OH) formation and fluorescence reduction was observed during sonication pre-treatment, peaking at 300 kHz and maximum power density. Ultrasound, however, did not reduce total organic carbon (TOC). Injected O3 dose and reaction time were also evaluated during the ozonation treatment. With 300 kHz and 40 W ultrasonic pre-treatment and the subsequent ozonation step (7.4 mg O3/Lgas), TOC was reduced from 21 mg/L to 13.5 mg/L (36% reduction). ●OH attack seems to be the main degradation mechanism during ozonation. A strong reduction in colour (85%) and SUVA254 (70%) was also measured. Moreover, changes in the chemical structure of the macromolecule were observed that led to the formation of oxidation by-products of lower molecular weight.

ACS Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren; Cristian Ferreiro; Elodie Richard; Madeleine Bussemaker; José Ignacio Lombraña; Judy Lee. Analysis of ultrasonic pre-treatment for the ozonation of humic acids. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2020, 71, 105359 .

AMA Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren, Cristian Ferreiro, Elodie Richard, Madeleine Bussemaker, José Ignacio Lombraña, Judy Lee. Analysis of ultrasonic pre-treatment for the ozonation of humic acids. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2020; 71 ():105359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren; Cristian Ferreiro; Elodie Richard; Madeleine Bussemaker; José Ignacio Lombraña; Judy Lee. 2020. "Analysis of ultrasonic pre-treatment for the ozonation of humic acids." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 71, no. : 105359.

Paper
Published: 12 February 2020 in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
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Analysis of phenol ozonation using a G–L–S model: through mass transfer, chemical reaction and adsorption parameters.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; Jose Ignacio Lombraña. Analysis of the effect of the operational conditions in a combined adsorption–ozonation process with granular activated carbon for the treatment of phenol wastewater. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 2020, 5, 760 -778.

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Natalia Villota, Ana de Luis, Jose Ignacio Lombraña. Analysis of the effect of the operational conditions in a combined adsorption–ozonation process with granular activated carbon for the treatment of phenol wastewater. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. 2020; 5 (4):760-778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; Ana de Luis; Jose Ignacio Lombraña. 2020. "Analysis of the effect of the operational conditions in a combined adsorption–ozonation process with granular activated carbon for the treatment of phenol wastewater." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 4: 760-778.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2020 in Sustainability
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This work presents a case study of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in Biscay (Spain), in which the removal of high-occurrence contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) was studied. The existing biological treatment in the WWTP was complemented with a continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) pilot plant, as a tertiary treatment. Thus, the effect on CEC removal of both treatments could be analyzed globally and after each operation. A total of 39 CEC were monitored, including pharmaceutical products, industrial additives, food additives, herbicides and personal care products. For evaluation of the efficiencies, the removal rates of the biological and of the c-UF treatments, including their variability over a day and a week in relation to the ammonium content, were examined in the influent of the WWTP. In the biological treatment, a wide range of different removal rates was obtained due to the different CEC’s biodegradability and concentration. In UF, lower, but more constant removal rates, were achieved. In addition, the reduction of the general toxicity by the UF treatment in terms of the Microtox® toxicity assay was also evaluated. After UF, all of the samples yielded values of TU50 lower than 1, confirming this result the UF effectiveness for toxicity removal.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Iker Gómez-Motos; José Ignacio Lombraña; Ana De Luis; Natalia Villota; Oihana Ros; Nestor Etxebarria. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal in an Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plant under Biological and Continuous Mode Ultrafiltration Treatment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 725 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Iker Gómez-Motos, José Ignacio Lombraña, Ana De Luis, Natalia Villota, Oihana Ros, Nestor Etxebarria. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal in an Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plant under Biological and Continuous Mode Ultrafiltration Treatment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Iker Gómez-Motos; José Ignacio Lombraña; Ana De Luis; Natalia Villota; Oihana Ros; Nestor Etxebarria. 2020. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal in an Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plant under Biological and Continuous Mode Ultrafiltration Treatment." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 725.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This work presents an efficient catalytic ozonation process for the treatment of aniline wastewater as a model pollutant. The process uses a granular activated carbon-supported titanium dioxide catalyst with environmentally-friendly and sustainable characteristics. Titanium dioxide composites were prepared by precipitation of alcoholic titanium tetrachloride solutions on two different carbon supports: Norit® GAC 1240 Plus and Norit® ROX 0.8. This method is an improvement on other composite preparation methods such as hydrothermal and impregnation by immersion techniques, which were also carried out for comparison. It characterised our composites by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to assess the influence of the carbon support. Composites synthesised via this novel precipitation method presented a 25% increase in their initial specific surface area and a 9.1% increase in titanium dioxide loading. It compared the catalytic activity of the different titanium dioxide composites on different aniline solutions, and studied the optimal pH and ozone dose. Norit® GAC 1240 Plus-supported titanium dioxide composite prepared by the precipitation method gave the highest removal yield with 80.24% mineralisation of total organic carbon in 45 min. With respect to the costs associated with the treatment, the composite achieved a removal yield of 26.8 mg ozone/mg total organic carbon.

ACS Style

C. Ferreiro; N. Villota; J.I. Lombraña; María J. Rivero. An efficient catalytic process for the treatment of genotoxic aniline wastewater using a new granular activated carbon-supported titanium dioxide composite. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 228, 1282 -1295.

AMA Style

C. Ferreiro, N. Villota, J.I. Lombraña, María J. Rivero. An efficient catalytic process for the treatment of genotoxic aniline wastewater using a new granular activated carbon-supported titanium dioxide composite. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 228 ():1282-1295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Ferreiro; N. Villota; J.I. Lombraña; María J. Rivero. 2019. "An efficient catalytic process for the treatment of genotoxic aniline wastewater using a new granular activated carbon-supported titanium dioxide composite." Journal of Cleaner Production 228, no. : 1282-1295.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2019 in Water
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In this work, a study of the main operating variables affecting TiO2/UV photocatalysis was carried out. The treatment of an industrial effluent containing aniline and benzothiazole from the manufacture of accelerants for vulcanization was performed in a TiO2-supported commercial photoreactor. The degradation of both contaminants was monitored by GC-MS analysis. The proposed experiments were able to properly identify the phenomenon of adsorption, as well as to improve the performance of the commercial photoreactor by adding small amounts of TiO2 in suspension. The removal performance, durability of the photocatalytic material, and energy costs were analysed. The results showed that the use of suspensions intensifies the degradation obtaining an improvement of 23.15% with respect to the use of the supported catalyst. For an aniline and benzothiazole solution, the best operating conditions were found at pH = 12.0, introducing 60.0 mg L−1 of suspended TiO2 together with the existing supported catalyst.

ACS Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; José Ignacio Lombraña; María J. Rivero; Verónica Zúñiga; José Miguel Rituerto. Analysis of a Hybrid Suspended-Supported Photocatalytic Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Benzothiazole and Aniline. Water 2019, 11, 337 .

AMA Style

Cristian Ferreiro, Natalia Villota, José Ignacio Lombraña, María J. Rivero, Verónica Zúñiga, José Miguel Rituerto. Analysis of a Hybrid Suspended-Supported Photocatalytic Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Benzothiazole and Aniline. Water. 2019; 11 (2):337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Ferreiro; Natalia Villota; José Ignacio Lombraña; María J. Rivero; Verónica Zúñiga; José Miguel Rituerto. 2019. "Analysis of a Hybrid Suspended-Supported Photocatalytic Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Benzothiazole and Aniline." Water 11, no. 2: 337.