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This study evaluates the efficacy of two plant-based feed supplementations to fight colibacillosis in weanlings. A total of 96 piglets (32 pens) were assigned to four diets: a control diet (T1) or supplemented with ZnO (2500 ppm Zn) (T2) or two different plant supplements, T3 (1 kg/t; based on essential oils) and T4 (T3 + 1.5 kg/t based on non-volatile compounds). After one week, animals were challenged with ETEC F4, and 8 days after, one animal per pen was euthanized. Performance, clinical signs, microbial analysis, inflammatory response, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression were assessed. ZnO improved daily gains 4 days after challenge, T3 and T4 showing intermediate values (96, 249, 170, and 157 g/d for T1, T2, T3, and T4, p = 0.035). Fecal lactobacilli were higher with T3 and T4 compared to ZnO (7.55, 6.26, 8.71, and 8.27 cfu/gFM; p = 0.0007) and T3 increased the lactobacilli/coliforms ratio (p = 0.002). T4 was associated with lower levels of Pig-MAP (p = 0.07) and increases in villus/crypt ratio (1.49, 1.90, 1.73, and 1.84; p = 0.009). Moreover, T4 was associated with an upregulation of the REG3G gene (p = 0.013; pFDR = 0.228) involved in the immune response induced by enteric pathogens. In conclusion, both plant supplements enhanced animal response in front of an ETEC F4 challenge probably based on different modes of action.
Daniel Montoya; Matilde D’Angelo; Susana Martín-Orúe; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mireia Saladrigas-García; Coralie Araujo; Thibaut Chabrillat; Sylvain Kerros; Lorena Castillejos. Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 2024 .
AMA StyleDaniel Montoya, Matilde D’Angelo, Susana Martín-Orúe, Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento, Mireia Saladrigas-García, Coralie Araujo, Thibaut Chabrillat, Sylvain Kerros, Lorena Castillejos. Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Montoya; Matilde D’Angelo; Susana Martín-Orúe; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mireia Saladrigas-García; Coralie Araujo; Thibaut Chabrillat; Sylvain Kerros; Lorena Castillejos. 2021. "Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 7: 2024.
The aim of this study was to determine the possible impact of early socialization and an enriched neonatal environment to improve adaptation of piglets to weaning. We hypothesized that changes in the microbiota colonization process and in their metabolic response and intestinal functionality could help the animals face weaning stress. A total of 48 sows and their litters were allotted into a control (CTR) or an enriched treatment (ENR), in which piglets from two adjacent pens were combined and enriched with toys. The pattern of caecal microbial colonization, the jejunal gene expression, the serum metabolome and the intestinal physiology of the piglets were assessed before (-2 d) and after weaning (+ 3d). A differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed after weaning. Serum metabolome suggested a reduced energetic metabolism in ENR animals, as evidenced by shifts in triglycerides and fatty acids, VLDL/LDL and creatine regions. The TLR2 gene showed to be downregulated in the jejunum of ENR pigs after weaning. The integration of gene expression, metabolome and microbiota datasets confirmed that differences between barren and enriched neonatal environments were evident only after weaning. Our results suggest that improvements in adaptation to weaning could be mediated by a better response to the post-weaning stress.
M. Saladrigas-García; M. D’Angelo; H. L. Ko; S. Traserra; P. Nolis; Y. Ramayo-Caldas; J. M. Folch; P. Vergara; P. Llonch; J. F. Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. Early socialization and environmental enrichment of lactating piglets affects the caecal microbiota and metabolomic response after weaning. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -13.
AMA StyleM. Saladrigas-García, M. D’Angelo, H. L. Ko, S. Traserra, P. Nolis, Y. Ramayo-Caldas, J. M. Folch, P. Vergara, P. Llonch, J. F. Pérez, S. M. Martín-Orúe. Early socialization and environmental enrichment of lactating piglets affects the caecal microbiota and metabolomic response after weaning. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Saladrigas-García; M. D’Angelo; H. L. Ko; S. Traserra; P. Nolis; Y. Ramayo-Caldas; J. M. Folch; P. Vergara; P. Llonch; J. F. Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. 2021. "Early socialization and environmental enrichment of lactating piglets affects the caecal microbiota and metabolomic response after weaning." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-13.
The performance of piglets in nurseries may vary depending on body weight, age at weaning, management, and pathogenic load in the pig facilities. The early events in a pig’s life are very important and may have long lasting consequences, since growth lag involves a significant cost to the system due to reduced market weights and increased barn occupancy. The present review evidences that there are several strategies that can be used to improve the performance and welfare of pigs at weaning. A complex set of early management and dietary strategies have been explored in sows and suckling piglets for achieving optimum and efficient growth of piglets after weaning. The management strategies studied to improve development and animal welfare include: (1) improving sow housing during gestation, (2) reducing pain during farrowing, (3) facilitating an early and sufficient colostrum intake, (4) promoting an early social interaction between litters, and (5) providing complementary feed during lactation. Dietary strategies for sows and suckling piglets aim to: (1) enhance fetal growth (arginine, folate, betaine, vitamin B12, carnitine, chromium, and zinc), (2) increase colostrum and milk production (DL-methionine, DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid, arginine, L-carnitine, tryptophan, valine, vitamin E, and phytogenic actives), (3) modulate sows’ oxidative and inflammation status (polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, selenium, phytogenic actives, and spray dried plasma), (4) allow early microbial colonization (probiotics), or (5) supply conditionally essential nutrients (nucleotides, glutamate, glutamine, threonine, and tryptophan).
Laia Blavi; David Solà-Oriol; Pol Llonch; Sergi López-Vergé; Susana Martín-Orúe; José Pérez. Management and Feeding Strategies in Early Life to Increase Piglet Performance and Welfare around Weaning: A Review. Animals 2021, 11, 302 .
AMA StyleLaia Blavi, David Solà-Oriol, Pol Llonch, Sergi López-Vergé, Susana Martín-Orúe, José Pérez. Management and Feeding Strategies in Early Life to Increase Piglet Performance and Welfare around Weaning: A Review. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaia Blavi; David Solà-Oriol; Pol Llonch; Sergi López-Vergé; Susana Martín-Orúe; José Pérez. 2021. "Management and Feeding Strategies in Early Life to Increase Piglet Performance and Welfare around Weaning: A Review." Animals 11, no. 2: 302.
Short and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) are commonly used as feed additives in piglets to promote health and prevent post-weaning diarrhoea. Considering that the mechanism and site of action of these fatty acids can differ, a combined supplementation could result in a synergistic action. Considering this, it was aimed to assess the potential of two new in-feed additives based on butyrate or heptanoate, protected with sodium salts of MCFA from coconut distillates, against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+ using an experimental disease model. Two independent trials were performed in 48 early-weaned piglets fed a control diet (CTR) or a diet supplemented with MCFA-protected sodium butyrate (BUT+; Trial 1) or sodium heptanoate (HPT+; Trial 2). After 1 week of adaptation, piglets were challenged with a single oral inoculum of ETEC F4+ (minimum 1.4 · 109 cfu). One animal per pen was euthanised on days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI) and the following variables assessed: growth performance, clinical signs, gut fermentation, intestinal morphology, inflammatory mediators, pathogen excretion and colon microbiota. None of the additives recovered growth performance or reduced diarrhoea when compared to the respective negative controls. However, both elicited different responses against ETEC F4+. The BUT+ additive did not lead to reduce E. coli F4 colonisation but enterobacterial counts and goblet cell numbers in the ileum were increased on day 8 PI and this followed higher serum TNF-α concentrations on day 4 PI. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was nevertheless increased. Findings in the HPT+ treatment trial included fewer animals featuring E. coli F4 in the colon and reduced Enterobacteriaceae (determined by 16S RNA sequencing) on day 4 PI. In addition, while goblet cell numbers were lower on day 8 PI, total SCFA levels were reduced in the colon. Results indicate the efficacy of MCFA-protected heptanoate against ETEC F4+ and emphasise the potential trophic effect of MCFA-protected butyrate on the intestinal epithelium likely reinforcing the gut barrier.
Paola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2020, 74, 271 -295.
AMA StylePaola López-Colom, Lorena Castillejos, Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento, Mónica Puyalto, Juan José Mallo, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2020; 74 (4):271-295.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2020. "Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+." Archives of Animal Nutrition 74, no. 4: 271-295.
This study aimed to assess the impact of two different feeding programs, including or not antimicrobials, on gut microbiota development at early ages in commercial pigs. For this, 21-day-old weaned piglets were distributed into 12 pens (6 replicates with 26 pigs each) and fed ad libitum until fattening with: standard commercial formula with antibiotics and zinc oxide (2400 ppm) (AB), and alternative unmedicated feed formula (UN). Subsequently, the animals were moved to the fattening unit (F) receiving a common diet. Pigs were weighed, and feed consumption and diarrhea scores registered. Feces were collected on days 9 (pre-starter), 40 (starter) and 72 (fattening) post-weaning and microbial DNA extracted for 16S rDNA sequencing. Piglets fed UN diets had a worse feed efficiency (p < 0.05) than AB during nursery; however, UN pigs spent less time scouring after weaning (p = 0.098). The structure of fecal community evolved with the age of the animals (p = 0.001), and diet also showed to have a role, particularly in the starter period when UN microbiomes clustered apart from AB, resembling the ecosystems found in the fattening animals. Fibrolytic genera (Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio, Christellansellaceae) were enriched in UN piglets whereas Lactobacillus characterized AB piglets (adjusted p < 0.05). Overall, this alternative feeding program could anticipate the gut development of piglets despite a lower feed efficiency compared to standard medicalized programs.
Paola López-Colom; Jordi Estellé; Jordi Bonet; Jaume Coma; Susana Ma. Martín-Orúe. Applicability of an Unmedicated Feeding Program Aimed to Reduce the Use of Antimicrobials in Nursery Piglets: Impact on Performance and Fecal Microbiota. Animals 2020, 10, 242 .
AMA StylePaola López-Colom, Jordi Estellé, Jordi Bonet, Jaume Coma, Susana Ma. Martín-Orúe. Applicability of an Unmedicated Feeding Program Aimed to Reduce the Use of Antimicrobials in Nursery Piglets: Impact on Performance and Fecal Microbiota. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):242.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola López-Colom; Jordi Estellé; Jordi Bonet; Jaume Coma; Susana Ma. Martín-Orúe. 2020. "Applicability of an Unmedicated Feeding Program Aimed to Reduce the Use of Antimicrobials in Nursery Piglets: Impact on Performance and Fecal Microbiota." Animals 10, no. 2: 242.
This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of Muramidase 007 to broiler chickens on gastrointestinal functionality, evaluating growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, vitamin A in plasma and cecal microbiota. A total of 480 one-day male chicks (Ross 308) were distributed in 16 pens allocated in 2 experimental diets: the control diet (CTR) without feed enzymes, coccidiostat or growth promoters, and the experimental diet (MUR): CTR supplemented with 35,000 units (LSU(F))/kg of the Muramidase 007. Digesta and tissue samples were obtained on days 9 and 36 of the study. A lower feed conversion ratio was observed in the MUR treatment. Apparent ileal digestibility of DM, organic matter and energy were improved by Muramidase 007. It was also observed that MUR improved digestibility of total fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and content of vitamin A in plasma at day 9 (P < 0.05). Histomorphological analysis of jejunum samples revealed no differences in the villus height or crypt depth; but a higher number of goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes at day 36 with MUR. No differences were observed in plate counts of enterobacteria or Lactobacillus along the gastrointestinal tract, neither on the cecal short-chain fatty acids. An statistical trend was observed for reduction of cecal clostridia at day 9 for MUR. Analysis of cecal microbiota structure by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed relevant changes correlated to age. At day 9, broilers receiving MUR showed decreased alpha diversity compared to CTR that was not detected at day 36. Changes in specific taxonomic groups with an increase in Lactobacillus genus were identified. In conclusion, evaluation of the variables in this study indicates that dietary Muramidase 007 contributes to improve feed conversation ratio and gastrointestinal function in broiler chickens. Effects could have been mediated by slight shifts observed in the intestinal microbiota. More studies are guaranteed to fully understand the mechanisms involved.
Mounira Sais; Ana C. Barroeta; Paola López-Colom; Miquel Nofrarías; Natàlia Majó; Rual Lopez-Ulibarri; Estefanía Pérez Calvo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Evaluation of dietary supplementation of a novel microbial muramidase on gastrointestinal functionality and growth performance in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 2020, 99, 235 -245.
AMA StyleMounira Sais, Ana C. Barroeta, Paola López-Colom, Miquel Nofrarías, Natàlia Majó, Rual Lopez-Ulibarri, Estefanía Pérez Calvo, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Evaluation of dietary supplementation of a novel microbial muramidase on gastrointestinal functionality and growth performance in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2020; 99 (1):235-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMounira Sais; Ana C. Barroeta; Paola López-Colom; Miquel Nofrarías; Natàlia Majó; Rual Lopez-Ulibarri; Estefanía Pérez Calvo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2020. "Evaluation of dietary supplementation of a novel microbial muramidase on gastrointestinal functionality and growth performance in broiler chickens." Poultry Science 99, no. 1: 235-245.
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of two new fat-protected butyrate or heptanoate salts to improve gut health and control post-weaning colibacillosis in weaning piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+, particularly focusing on their impact on intestinal microbiota and fermentative activity along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Seventy-two 21-d-old pigs were fed a plain diet (CTR) or supplemented with sodium butyrate (BUT) or sodium heptanoate (HPT), both at 0.3%. After a week of adaptation, animals were orally challenged at days 8 and 9 with 5.8 · 109 and 6.6 · 1010 cfu, respectively, and were euthanised on d 4 and d 8 post-inoculation (PI) (n = 8) to collect blood, digesta and tissue samples and characterise microbial groups, pathogen loads (qPCR), fermentation, ileal histomorphometry and immune markers. Colonic microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing. Supplementing both acid salts did not compensate clinical challenge effects nor performance impairments and neither histomorphometry nor serum biomarkers. Changes in the gastric fermentative activity were registered, BUT reducing lactic acid concentrations (day 8 PI), and with HPT fewer animals presenting detectable concentrations of propionic, butyric and valeric acids. At ileum BUT increased acetic acid concentration (day 8 PI), and both additives reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the colon. Increases in enterobacteria and coliforms counts in ileal digesta (day 4 PI, p < 0.10) and mucosa scrapes (p < 0.05) were registered although E. coli F4 gene copies were unaffected. Regarding changes in the colonic microbiota (day 4 PI), Prevotellaceae and Prevotella were promoted with BUT supplementation whereas only minor groups were modified in HPT-treated animals. Summarising, although the pathogen loads or inflammatory mediators remained unresponsive, butyrate and heptanoate showed a significant impact on microbial fermentation along the whole GIT, being able to modify different bacterial groups at the colon. It could be hypothesised that these effects might be mediated by a carry-over effect of the changes observed in gastric fermentation, but possibly also to a better nutrient digestion in the foregut as a result of the reduced colonic SCFA concentrations.
Paola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Emili Barba-Vidal; Yanan Zhu; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Response of gastrointestinal fermentative activity and colonic microbiota to protected sodium butyrate and protected sodium heptanoate in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2019, 73, 339 -359.
AMA StylePaola López-Colom, Lorena Castillejos, Emili Barba-Vidal, Yanan Zhu, Mónica Puyalto, Juan José Mallo, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Response of gastrointestinal fermentative activity and colonic microbiota to protected sodium butyrate and protected sodium heptanoate in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4+. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2019; 73 (5):339-359.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola López-Colom; Lorena Castillejos; Emili Barba-Vidal; Yanan Zhu; Mónica Puyalto; Juan José Mallo; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2019. "Response of gastrointestinal fermentative activity and colonic microbiota to protected sodium butyrate and protected sodium heptanoate in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4+." Archives of Animal Nutrition 73, no. 5: 339-359.
The present study aimed to evaluate different mates ofCandida boidiniiandLactobacillus pentosusstrains as starters in green table olive fermentation.
Yanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; Antonio Benítez-Cabello; Beatriz Calero-Delgado; Rufino Jiménez-Díaz; Susana María Martín-Orúe. The use of starter cultures in the table olive fermentation can modulate the antiadhesive properties of brine exopolysaccharides against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. Food & Function 2019, 10, 3738 -3747.
AMA StyleYanan Zhu, Gemma González-Ortiz, Antonio Benítez-Cabello, Beatriz Calero-Delgado, Rufino Jiménez-Díaz, Susana María Martín-Orúe. The use of starter cultures in the table olive fermentation can modulate the antiadhesive properties of brine exopolysaccharides against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. Food & Function. 2019; 10 (6):3738-3747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; Antonio Benítez-Cabello; Beatriz Calero-Delgado; Rufino Jiménez-Díaz; Susana María Martín-Orúe. 2019. "The use of starter cultures in the table olive fermentation can modulate the antiadhesive properties of brine exopolysaccharides against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli." Food & Function 10, no. 6: 3738-3747.
Having sensitive serum biomarkers able to determine the structural changes of the small intestine suffering from bacterial digestive diseases could be a valuable tool particularly in piglets at weaning, when intestinal infections are highly prevalent. We evaluated the usefulness of three inflammatory and gut-wall-integrity biomarkers to assess the degree of intestinal histo-morphological damage in piglets. Piglets were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to get a variable range of response according to individual variability. Forty-eight piglets were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and seventy-two with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Clinical signs and faecal score were recorded. At Days 4 and 8 post-inoculation, blood was sampled, animals euthanised and distal ileum dissected. Morphological measures were obtained from the gut tissue, and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), pig major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) were determined. Animals developed mild-to-severe diarrhoea after the challenge. When analysing the complete set of analytical results, a high correlation was found among the three serum biomarkers. The most representative morphological indicator was the villus:crypt ratio (V:C), which showed a strong negative correlation with all three biomarkers. Regression analyses between faecal score and the previous variable showed linear relations. When the range of V:C was analysed, based on the quartile distribution of each serum variable, a marked increase in their concentration was observed with greater villus damage. Summarising, the combination of I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α may be useful for determining the intestinal injury degree and barrier integrity in recently weaned pigs.
Paola López-Colom; Kuai Yu; Emili Barba-Vidal; Yolanda Saco; Susana M. Martín-Orúe; Lorena Castillejos; David Solà-Oriol; Anna Bassols. I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α as biomarkers for monitoring gut-wall integrity in front of Salmonella Typhimurium and ETEC K88 infection in a weaned piglet model. Research in Veterinary Science 2019, 124, 426 -432.
AMA StylePaola López-Colom, Kuai Yu, Emili Barba-Vidal, Yolanda Saco, Susana M. Martín-Orúe, Lorena Castillejos, David Solà-Oriol, Anna Bassols. I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α as biomarkers for monitoring gut-wall integrity in front of Salmonella Typhimurium and ETEC K88 infection in a weaned piglet model. Research in Veterinary Science. 2019; 124 ():426-432.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaola López-Colom; Kuai Yu; Emili Barba-Vidal; Yolanda Saco; Susana M. Martín-Orúe; Lorena Castillejos; David Solà-Oriol; Anna Bassols. 2019. "I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α as biomarkers for monitoring gut-wall integrity in front of Salmonella Typhimurium and ETEC K88 infection in a weaned piglet model." Research in Veterinary Science 124, no. : 426-432.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 (F4) is a worldwide cause of severe diarrhoea in the offspring of some animal species such as weaned pigs. Preventing ETEC K88 (F4) attaching to the small intestine by natural feed ingredients interfering with its fimbria-receptor recognition could be an alternative method to reduce diarrhoea occurrence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of different common ingredients in the formulation of pig diets, and particularly different kinds of cereal brans, to attach ETEC K88 (F4) (adhesion test, AT) and to block its attaching to intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) (blocking test, BT) in vitro. For the feed ingredients, wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, extruded full-fat soybean meal, soybean meal, as well as sweet whey powder, all demonstrated a clear affinity to attach ETEC K88 (F4) (P < 0.05). Regarding rye, oats (P < 0.01) and also wheat (P = 0.05), all of them could also reduce ETEC K88 (F4) adhesion to IPEC-J2 cells. Among differently tested cereal brans, wheat bran, spelt bran, kamut bran, rye bran, oat bran and rice bran all demonstrated an ability to attach ETEC K88 (F4) (P < 0.001) and all of them were able to reduce ETEC K88 (F4) attachment to IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.001), except rice bran. Results from these experiments highlight the functional properties of some common feed ingredients like rye, oats and wheat, in addition to their bran to prevent the adhesion of ETEC K88 (F4) to the intestinal epithelium. The properties of these ingredients could be considered as an additional criteria, together to their nutritive value, in the formulation of diets to prevent the appearance of post-weaning diarrhoea.
Yanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; David Solà-Oriol; Paola López Colom; Susana María Martín-Orúe. Screening of the ability of natural feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets to interfere with the attachment of ETEC K88 (F4) to intestinal epithelial cells. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2018, 242, 111 -119.
AMA StyleYanan Zhu, Gemma González-Ortiz, David Solà-Oriol, Paola López Colom, Susana María Martín-Orúe. Screening of the ability of natural feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets to interfere with the attachment of ETEC K88 (F4) to intestinal epithelial cells. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2018; 242 ():111-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; David Solà-Oriol; Paola López Colom; Susana María Martín-Orúe. 2018. "Screening of the ability of natural feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets to interfere with the attachment of ETEC K88 (F4) to intestinal epithelial cells." Animal Feed Science and Technology 242, no. : 111-119.
Exopolysaccharides produced during green olive fermentation reduce the attachment of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells, suggesting their potential in the prevention or treatment of diarrhoea.
Yanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; Rufino Jiménez-Díaz; Míriam Pérez-Trujillo; Teodor Parella; Paola López Colom; Susana María Martín-Orúe. Exopolysaccharides from olive brines could reduce the adhesion of ETEC K88 to intestinal epithelial cells. Food & Function 2018, 9, 3884 -3894.
AMA StyleYanan Zhu, Gemma González-Ortiz, Rufino Jiménez-Díaz, Míriam Pérez-Trujillo, Teodor Parella, Paola López Colom, Susana María Martín-Orúe. Exopolysaccharides from olive brines could reduce the adhesion of ETEC K88 to intestinal epithelial cells. Food & Function. 2018; 9 (7):3884-3894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanan Zhu; Gemma González-Ortiz; Rufino Jiménez-Díaz; Míriam Pérez-Trujillo; Teodor Parella; Paola López Colom; Susana María Martín-Orúe. 2018. "Exopolysaccharides from olive brines could reduce the adhesion of ETEC K88 to intestinal epithelial cells." Food & Function 9, no. 7: 3884-3894.
Plant ingredients contain low Ca levels and 1/3 may be bound to P phytate. Therefore, Ca has to be supplemented with animal or mineral sources, such as limestone or calcium phosphates. However, growth performance and feed intake has been reported by other authors to decrease linearly with increasing dietary Ca. To better understand the possible mechanisms underlying detrimental effect of including limestone in weanling diets, two experimental trials were performed to evaluate its possible impact on growth performance, colonic microbiota and, jejunal gene expression. In Trial 1, a total of 240 piglets (26 ± 2 d old, average body weight (BW) = 7.7 ± 1.04 kg) were distributed into 3 dietary treatments: 0% limestone, 0.8% limestone, and 1.6% limestone to provide 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2% total Ca, respectively. Feed intake and individual BW were registered during the pre-starter phase (d 0–14 post-weaning). Pigs fed diet with 1.6% of limestone (1.2% of total Ca) had lower BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared with pigs fed diets with 0.8 and 0% limestone (0.9 and 0.6% total Ca, respectively; P < 0.05). In Trial 2, a total of 18 pigs (28 ± 0 d old, average BW = 7.2 ± 0.24 kg) were allocated individually in cages and assigned to 2 dietary treatments: 0% limestone and 1.4% limestone to provide 0.6 and 1.2% total Ca, respectively. Piglets were fed for 14 d and then euthanized to obtain jejunum tissue for gene expression and colon digesta for 16SRNA gene microbiota analyses. Pigs fed 1.4% limestone (1.2% of total Ca) showed a higher beta-diversity and an increase on the Bacteroides genera in colon (P < 0.05). These animals also showed an up regulation of gene sets related to the cell cycle regulation, DNA and RNA transcription and inflammatory response in the jejunum. In conclusion, high levels of limestone inclusion in weaning diets, decreases growth performance without affecting feed intake in weaned pigs. Also, addition of limestone to diets for 14 d after weaning can upregulate the expression of genes related to the inflammatory response, and enlarge colonic beta-diversity with an increased Bacteroides genera.
L. Blavi; José Francisco Pérez; C. Villodre; P. López; Susana María Martín-Orúe; Vincenzo Motta; Diana Luise; P. Trevisi; D. Sola-Oriol. Effects of limestone inclusion on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and the jejunal transcriptomic profile when fed to weaning pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2018, 242, 8 -20.
AMA StyleL. Blavi, José Francisco Pérez, C. Villodre, P. López, Susana María Martín-Orúe, Vincenzo Motta, Diana Luise, P. Trevisi, D. Sola-Oriol. Effects of limestone inclusion on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and the jejunal transcriptomic profile when fed to weaning pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2018; 242 ():8-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Blavi; José Francisco Pérez; C. Villodre; P. López; Susana María Martín-Orúe; Vincenzo Motta; Diana Luise; P. Trevisi; D. Sola-Oriol. 2018. "Effects of limestone inclusion on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and the jejunal transcriptomic profile when fed to weaning pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 242, no. : 8-20.
Intensive farming may involve the use of diets, environments or management practices that impose physiological and psychological stressors on the animals. In particular, early weaning is nowadays a common practice to increase the productive yield of pig farms. Still, it is considered one of the most critical periods in swine production, where piglet performance can be seriously affected and where they are predisposed to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Pig producers nowadays face the challenge to overcome this situation in a context of increasing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal production. Great efforts are being made to find strategies to help piglets overcome the challenges of early weaning. Among them, a nutritional strategy that has received increasing attention in the last few years is the use of probiotics. It has been extensively documented that probiotics can reduce digestive disorders and improve productive parameters. Still, research in probiotics so far has also been characterized as being inconsistent and with low reproducibility from farm to farm. Scientific literature related to probiotic effects against gastrointestinal pathogens will be critically examined in this review. Moreover, the actual practical approach when using probiotics in these animals, and potential strategies to increase consistency in probiotic effects, will be discussed. Thus, considering the boost in probiotic research observed in recent years, this paper aims to provide a much-needed, in-depth review of the scientific data published to-date. Furthermore, it aims to be useful to swine nutritionists, researchers and the additive industry to critically consider their approach when developing or using probiotic strategies in weaning piglets.
E. Barba-Vidal; Susana María Martín-Orúe; Lorena Castillejos. Review: Are we using probiotics correctly in post-weaning piglets? Animal 2018, 12, 2489 -2498.
AMA StyleE. Barba-Vidal, Susana María Martín-Orúe, Lorena Castillejos. Review: Are we using probiotics correctly in post-weaning piglets? Animal. 2018; 12 (12):2489-2498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Barba-Vidal; Susana María Martín-Orúe; Lorena Castillejos. 2018. "Review: Are we using probiotics correctly in post-weaning piglets?" Animal 12, no. 12: 2489-2498.
The weaning pig is used as an experimental model to assess the impact of diet on intestinal health. Blood parameters (BP) are considered a useful tool in humans, but there is very scarce information of such indicators in the weaning pig. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the use of different BP as indicators in an experimental model of salmonellosis. Seventy-two 28-day-old piglets were divided into four groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with animals receiving or not a probiotic combination based on B. infantis IM1® and B. lactis BPL6 (109 colony forming units (cfu)/d) and orally challenged or not a week later with Salmonella Typhimurium (5x108 cfu). Blood samples of one animal per pen (N = 24) were taken four days post-inoculation for the evaluation of different BP using an I-stat® System and of plasmatic concentrations of zinc, iron and copper. Results reported marginal deficiencies of zinc in piglets at weaning. Moreover, plasmatic zinc, copper and iron presented good correlations with weight gain (r 0.57, r -0.67, r 0.54 respectively; P < 0.01). Blood electrolytes (Na+, Cl- and K+) decreased (P < 0.01) only when the performance of the animals was seriously compromised and clinical symptoms were more apparent. Acid-base balance parameters such as HCO3-, TCO2 and BEecf significantly correlated with weight gain, but only in the challenged animals (r -0.54, r -0.55, and r -0.51, respectively; P < 0.05), suggesting metabolic acidosis depending on Salmonella infection. Glucose was affected by the challenge (P = 0.040), while Htc and Hgb increased with the challenge and decreased with the probiotic (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlations of Glu, Htc and Hgb with weight gain were observed (P < 0.05). Overall, BP could be regarded as simple, useful indexes to assess performance and health of weaning piglets.
Emili Barba-Vidal; Victor Roll; Edgar Garcia Manzanilla; Carlos Torrente; José Antonio Moreno Muñoz; José Francisco Pérez; Susana María Martín-Orúe. Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0186781 -e0186781.
AMA StyleEmili Barba-Vidal, Victor Roll, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla, Carlos Torrente, José Antonio Moreno Muñoz, José Francisco Pérez, Susana María Martín-Orúe. Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (10):e0186781-e0186781.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmili Barba-Vidal; Victor Roll; Edgar Garcia Manzanilla; Carlos Torrente; José Antonio Moreno Muñoz; José Francisco Pérez; Susana María Martín-Orúe. 2017. "Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10: e0186781-e0186781.
Probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections in humans. Additionally, some multi-strain probiotic combinations have been suggested to have greater efficacy than single strains. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a combination of the probiotic strains: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (brand name B. infantis IM1®) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 to enhance gut health and to ameliorate the outcome of a Salmonella challenge using a weaning piglet model. Seventy-two 28-day-old weanling piglets, 7.7 (±0.28) kg of body-weight, were distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial design; treated or not with the probiotic combination and challenged or not with the pathogen. Animals were orally challenged after an adaptation period (Day 8) with a single dose (5x108 cfu) of Salmonella Typhimurium. One animal per pen was euthanized on Day 12 (Day 4 post-inoculation [PI]) and Day 16 (Day 8 PI). All parameters responded to the challenge and 4 deaths were registered, indicating a severe but self-limiting challenge. Improvements registered in the challenged animals due to the probiotic were: increased voluntary feed-intake (P probiotic x challenge = 0.078), reduced fecal excretion of Salmonella (P = 0.028 at Day 1 PI and P < 0.10 at Days 3 and 5 PI), decreased rectal temperature (P probiotic x day = 0.048) and improvements in the villous:crypt ratio (P probiotic x challenge <0.001). Moreover, general probiotic benefits were observed in both challenged and non-challenged groups: decreased diarrhea scores of the PI period (P = 0.014), improved fermentation profiles on Day 8 PI (increased ileal acetic acid [P = 0.008] and a tendency to lower colonic ammonia concentrations [P = 0.078]), stimulation of intestinal immune response by increasing villous intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.015 on Day 8 PI) and an improved villous:crypt ratio (P = 0.011). In conclusion, the multi-strain probiotic had a positive effect on reducing pathogen loads and alleviating animals in a Salmonella challenge. In addition, enhanced gut health and immunity was recorded in all animals receiving the probiotic, indicating an improvement in the post-weaning outcome.
Emili Barba-Vidal; Lorena Castillejos; Victor Roll; Gloria Cifuentes-Orjuela; José A. Moreno Muñoz; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. The Probiotic Combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 Reduces Pathogen Loads and Improves Gut Health of Weaned Piglets Orally Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017, 8, 1570 .
AMA StyleEmili Barba-Vidal, Lorena Castillejos, Victor Roll, Gloria Cifuentes-Orjuela, José A. Moreno Muñoz, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. The Probiotic Combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 Reduces Pathogen Loads and Improves Gut Health of Weaned Piglets Orally Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8 ():1570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmili Barba-Vidal; Lorena Castillejos; Victor Roll; Gloria Cifuentes-Orjuela; José A. Moreno Muñoz; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2017. "The Probiotic Combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 Reduces Pathogen Loads and Improves Gut Health of Weaned Piglets Orally Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, no. : 1570.
Probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (B. infantis IM1) to prevent and fight intestinal disease by using a Salmonella Typhimurium (Trial 1) or an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (Trial 2) oral challenge in a weaning piglet model. Seventy-two piglets were used in each trial. After an adaptation period, animals were orally challenged. One animal per pen was euthanized at Days 4 and 8/9 (Trial 1/Trial 2) post-inoculation (PI). Animal performance, clinical signs, pathogen excretion, fermentation, immune response and intestinal morphology were evaluated. In Trial 1, most parameters responded to the challenge, whereas, in Trial 2, effects were much milder. Consistent effects of the probiotic were detected in both experiments: reduction of pathogen excretion (P = 0.043 on Day 3 PI, Trial 1) or ileal colonization (33% reduction of animals with countable coliforms; P = 0.077, Trial 2); increases in intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.002 on Day 8 PI in Trial 1, P = 0.091 on Day 4 PI in Trial 2), and improvement of the fermentation profile by increasing butyric acid in non-challenged animals (P challenge x probiotic (interaction) = 0.092 in Trial 1 and P = 0.056 in Trial 2) concomitant with an enhancement of the villus:crypt ratio on Day 8/9 PI (P interaction = 0.091 for Trial 1 and P = 0.006 for Trial 2). Challenged animals treated with the probiotic showed reduced feed intakes (P interaction = 0.019 in Trial 1 and P = 0.020 in Trial 2) and had lower short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the colon (P interaction = 0.008 in Trial 1 and P = 0.082 in Trial 2). In conclusion, this probiotic demonstrated potential to reduce the intestinal colonization by pathogens and to stimulate local immune response. However, effects on feed intake, microbial fermentation and intestinal architecture showed a differential pattern between challenged and non-challenged animals. Effects of the probiotic intervention were dependent on the structure of the ecosystem in which it was applied.
Emili Barba-Vidal; Lorena Castillejos; Paola López Colom; Montserrat Rivero Urgell; José A. Moreno Muñoz; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Evaluation of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis CECT 7210 Capacities to Improve Health Status and Fight Digestive Pathogens in a Piglet Model. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017, 8, 533 .
AMA StyleEmili Barba-Vidal, Lorena Castillejos, Paola López Colom, Montserrat Rivero Urgell, José A. Moreno Muñoz, Susana M. Martín-Orúe. Evaluation of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis CECT 7210 Capacities to Improve Health Status and Fight Digestive Pathogens in a Piglet Model. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8 ():533.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmili Barba-Vidal; Lorena Castillejos; Paola López Colom; Montserrat Rivero Urgell; José A. Moreno Muñoz; Susana M. Martín-Orúe. 2017. "Evaluation of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis CECT 7210 Capacities to Improve Health Status and Fight Digestive Pathogens in a Piglet Model." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, no. : 533.
Salmonella spp. is one of the worldwide leading causes of food-borne illnesses for which the inclusion of probiotics or organic acids in animal feeds can be useful control methods. Experimental models are utilized to test the efficacy of strategies against pathogens, but they exhibit limitations which may preclude finding sensible evaluation parameters. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of 2 different feed additives; a Bacillus licheniformis based probiotic and a protected sodium butyrate (SB) salt, using an experimental model of salmonellosis and, second, to explore if behavior analysis can be used as a sensible evaluation tool for additives evaluation. A total of 78 piglets weaned at 24 d, 8.3 kg BW, were used. Seventy-two were placed in 3 rooms of 8 pens (3 animals/pen) with evenly distributed treatments (n = 8): CON, control group with plain diet; PRO, plain diet with 1 kg/t of Proporc (109 cfu of B. licheniformis/kg of feed), and BUT, plain diet with 3 kg/t of Gustor BP70 (2.1 g of partially protected SB salt/kg of feed). Remaining piglets (n = 6) were separated and used as a challenge negative control. The experiment lasted 16 d. After 1 wk of adaptation, animals were challenged with 5 × 108 cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium. One pig per pen was euthanized and sampled at d 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI). There were no significant differences among treatments for ADFI, ADG, G:F, rectal temperature, fecal consistency, pH, ammonia, short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid concentrations, cytokine TNF-α, Pig-MAP acute-phase proteins and histological parameters. However, both products were equally able to reduce colonization and shedding of Salmonella (P = 0.016 for PRO and BUT vs. CON). In addition, PRO treatment had a positive effect on behavioral displays, particularly exploring (P < 0.05 vs. CON), feeding (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) and other active behaviors (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) in the morning period (0830 to 1030 h). In the afternoon (1400 to 1600 h), the challenge effect was most significant. Pigs were less active after the challenge (P < 0.001), with a decrease in positive contacts (P = 0.004), exploration (P < 0.001) and feeding behaviors (P < 0.001) on d 3 PI, in comparison with before the challenge. Accordingly, many lying conducts increased at d 3 PI (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both treatments had positive effects against Salmonella, and behavior analysis appears to be a sensible tool to be considered.
E. Barba-Vidal; Victor Roll; Lorena Castillejos; A. A. Guerra-Ordaz; X. Manteca; J. J. Mallo; S. M. Martín-Orúe. Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis: effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior1,2. Translational Animal Science 2017, 1, 186 -200.
AMA StyleE. Barba-Vidal, Victor Roll, Lorena Castillejos, A. A. Guerra-Ordaz, X. Manteca, J. J. Mallo, S. M. Martín-Orúe. Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis: effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior1,2. Translational Animal Science. 2017; 1 (2):186-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Barba-Vidal; Victor Roll; Lorena Castillejos; A. A. Guerra-Ordaz; X. Manteca; J. J. Mallo; S. M. Martín-Orúe. 2017. "Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis: effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior1,2." Translational Animal Science 1, no. 2: 186-200.
Hypothesis: The probiotic strain Bacillus toyonensis (Toyo) may interfere with the quorum-sensing (QS) mechanisms of Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Three different in vitro approaches were performed. Materials and methods: Trial 1: The adhesiveness of ETEC-K88 was evaluated using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Bacteria were grown in the ileal and the colonic sterile digesta supernatants (SN) obtained from 32 weaned piglets supplemented (TREAT) or not (CTR) with Toyo (109 CFU/g) and subsequently added to IPEC-J2. Trial 2: Using a similar model to Trial 1, E. coli was grown in media including sterile SN obtained from cultures of E. coli coincubated or not with Toyo or sterile SN from Toyo incubated or not with acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL). Trial 3: The gene expression of the fimbrial adhesin (F4) and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of ETEC-K88 was also determined after different treatments. Results: The incubation of bacteria with the ileal TREAT leads to a reduction in the adhesion of E. coli (P = 0.06). As expected, ETEC-K88 grown with its own SN increased its ability to colonize the epithelium (P = 0.023), which was slightly reduced by Toyo. Gene expression results suggest that Toyo was able to reduce the expression of F4 induced by the ETEC-K88 SN (0.64-fold changes). Moreover, when ETEC-K88 is grown in the supernatant of a previous culture of Toyo with AHL or it is cocultured with Toyo in the presence of AHL, the expressions of F4 (0.61-fold changes) or LT (0.67-fold changes) were also reduced, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest the ability of B. toyonensis to act on the QS systems of ETEC-K88 by different complex mechanisms. Copyright © 2016. American Society of Animal Science.
G. González-Ortiz; D. Solà-Oriol; Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar; A. Castelló; M. Castillo; Susana María Martín-Orúe. Study of the ability of Bacillus toyonensis to interfere with the quorum-sensing systems of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 in the pig gut. Journal of Animal Science 2016, 94, 70 -74.
AMA StyleG. González-Ortiz, D. Solà-Oriol, Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar, A. Castelló, M. Castillo, Susana María Martín-Orúe. Study of the ability of Bacillus toyonensis to interfere with the quorum-sensing systems of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 in the pig gut. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94 (suppl_3):70-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. González-Ortiz; D. Solà-Oriol; Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar; A. Castelló; M. Castillo; Susana María Martín-Orúe. 2016. "Study of the ability of Bacillus toyonensis to interfere with the quorum-sensing systems of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 in the pig gut." Journal of Animal Science 94, no. suppl_3: 70-74.
Weaning is a critical period for commercial pigs, and very little is known about the potential use of traditional blood parameters (BP) to evaluate their response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of different BP as indicators in an experimentally controlled range of weaning distresses: piglets infected or not with Salmonella, aiming to provoke a dysregulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance, and treated or not with a probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium spp., aiming to ameliorate their outcome. Seventy-two piglets (28 d old) were divided into 4 groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design with animals daily treated or not with probiotic (109 CFU/g) and orally challenged or not with Salmonella Typhimurium (5 × 108 CFU) a week later. Four days after the challenge, blood samples of the middle-weight animal of the pen (N = 24) were collected for the following analysis: glucose (Glu), anionic interval (Anion Gap-AG), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Htc), pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2), base excess (BEecf), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3−), Zn, Fe, and Cu. Results corroborate the existence of marginal deficiencies of Zn at weaning (0.6 ± 0.05 mg/L vs. normal range of 0.7 to 1.5 mg/L). Plasmatic Zn showed positive correlation with weight gain more evident in non-challenged animals (r = 0.73; P = 0.037), and Cu had a negative correlation with bodyweight gain (r = −0.67; P = 0.001). Blood electrolytes decreased in animals with the lowest weight gain (124 vs. 138 mM, P < 0.001 for Na+; 4.6 vs. 5.8 mM, P < 0.001 for K+; 94 vs. 107 mM, P = 0.110 for Cl−) where performance of the animals was compromised and clinical symptoms were more apparent. Acid-base balance parameters such as HCO3−, TCO2, and BEecf were correlated with weight gain but only in the challenged animals (r = −0.53, P = 0.031; r = −0.55, P = 0.028; and r = −0.51, P = 0.044, respectively) suggesting metabolic acidosis depending on the level of Salmonella infection. Furthermore, Htc and Hgb concentrations increased with the challenge (14.7 vs. 22.9%; P = 0.005 for Htc and 5.0 vs. 7.8 g/dL, P = 0.006 for Hgb), decreased with the probiotic treatment (21.7 vs. 15.8%, P = 0.030 for Htc and 7.38 vs. 5.39 g/dL for Hgb, P = 0.030), and had negative correlations with weight gain (r = −0.42 and −0.41 for Htc and Hgb; P = 0.048). Overall, BP can be easy in-farm sensible indexes to assess performance and health, being potentially useful in experimental designs aimed to evaluate feed strategies in weanlings.
E. Barba-Vidal; V. F. Buttow; E. G. Manzanilla; L. Blavi; C. Torrente; José Francisco Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. 082 Blood parameters as piglet health biomarkers in an experimental infection with Salmonella spp. Journal of Animal Science 2016, 94, 38 -39.
AMA StyleE. Barba-Vidal, V. F. Buttow, E. G. Manzanilla, L. Blavi, C. Torrente, José Francisco Pérez, S. M. Martín-Orúe. 082 Blood parameters as piglet health biomarkers in an experimental infection with Salmonella spp. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94 (suppl_2):38-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Barba-Vidal; V. F. Buttow; E. G. Manzanilla; L. Blavi; C. Torrente; José Francisco Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. 2016. "082 Blood parameters as piglet health biomarkers in an experimental infection with Salmonella spp." Journal of Animal Science 94, no. suppl_2: 38-39.
The potential of a prebiotic oligosaccharide lactulose, a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum , or their synbiotic combination to control postweaning colibacillosis in pigs was evaluated using an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 oral challenge. Seventy-two weanlings were fed four diets: a control diet (CTR), that diet supplemented with L. plantarum (2 × 10 10 CFU · day −1 ) (LPN), that diet supplemented with 10 g · kg −1 lactulose (LAC), or a combination of the two treatments (SYN). After 7 days, the pigs were orally challenged. Six pigs per treatment were euthanized on days 6 and 10 postchallenge (PC). Inclusion of lactulose improved the average daily gain (ADG) ( P < 0.05) and increased lactobacilli ( P < 0.05) and the percentage of butyric acid ( P < 0.02) in the colon. An increase in the ileum villous height ( P < 0.05) and a reduction of the pig major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) in serum ( P < 0.01) were observed also. The inclusion of the probiotic increased numbers of L. plantarum bacteria in the ileum and colon ( P < 0.05) and in the total lactobacilli in the colon and showed a trend to reduce diarrhea ( P = 0.09). The concentrations of ammonia in ileal and colonic digesta were decreased ( P < 0.05), and the villous height ( P < 0.01) and number of ileal goblet cells ( P < 0.05) increased, at day 10 PC. A decrease in plasmatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) ( P < 0.01) was also seen. The positive effects of the two additives were combined in the SYN treatment, resulting in a complementary synbiotic with potential to be used to control postweaning colibacillosis.
A. A. Guerra-Ordaz; G. González-Ortiz; R. M. La Ragione; M. J. Woodward; J. W. Collins; José Francisco Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. Lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum, a Potential Complementary Synbiotic To Control Postweaning Colibacillosis in Piglets. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2014, 80, 4879 -4886.
AMA StyleA. A. Guerra-Ordaz, G. González-Ortiz, R. M. La Ragione, M. J. Woodward, J. W. Collins, José Francisco Pérez, S. M. Martín-Orúe. Lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum, a Potential Complementary Synbiotic To Control Postweaning Colibacillosis in Piglets. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014; 80 (16):4879-4886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. A. Guerra-Ordaz; G. González-Ortiz; R. M. La Ragione; M. J. Woodward; J. W. Collins; José Francisco Pérez; S. M. Martín-Orúe. 2014. "Lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum, a Potential Complementary Synbiotic To Control Postweaning Colibacillosis in Piglets." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 16: 4879-4886.