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Prof. Dr. Kazi Kamrul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural University

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Agroforestry
0 Forest policy
1 Livelihood and poverty
0 natural resource management
0 social forestry policy

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Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Conservation
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In the tropics, products and services provided by the traditional agroforestry systems (TAS) support the basic needs and promote the livelihood of millions of rural people. However, the outcomes and mitigation of TAS, in particular, the social and environmental issues are not systematically addressed. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess the economic, social and environmental outcomes of two important TAS in Bangladesh. This study reports results on prospective analyses using the Date palm and Jackfruit-based TAS practiced in the Jashore and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. The results revealed that the TAS enhanced farm productivity and the benefit–cost ratio of both systems were much higher than the general agricultural practices in Bangladesh. The TAS also improved resilience of rural farmers through more efficient water utilization, enhancing soil fertility, improving microclimate, controlling pests and diseases, and diversifying products. At the same time, the farmers’ problems were neglected due to the absence of farmers’ platforms, and also tradeoffs may arise; thus, the social aspects of the TAS farmers had not developed equally. Therefore, the study would recommend minimizing the tradeoffs through enhancing the conservation strategies at farmers’ levels to make the TAS more viable and sustainable land-use practices.

ACS Style

Kazi Islam; Mohammad Saifullah; Kimihiko Hyakumura. Does Traditional Agroforestry a Sustainable Production System in Bangladesh? An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecological Perspectives. Conservation 2021, 1, 21 -35.

AMA Style

Kazi Islam, Mohammad Saifullah, Kimihiko Hyakumura. Does Traditional Agroforestry a Sustainable Production System in Bangladesh? An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecological Perspectives. Conservation. 2021; 1 (1):21-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi Islam; Mohammad Saifullah; Kimihiko Hyakumura. 2021. "Does Traditional Agroforestry a Sustainable Production System in Bangladesh? An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecological Perspectives." Conservation 1, no. 1: 21-35.

Article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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The increased demand for foods and commercialization of the commodity markets has resulted in enormous interest in arable land resources, leading to a rapid expansion of forest land into arable land. The Sal forests of Bangladesh have been rapidly grabbed into commercial purposes, which made the forests a threatened ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the economic, social and ecological impacts of land grabbing on the sustainable development of Sal forests in Bangladesh. Using different qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques from the Madhupur and Bhawal Sal forests of Bangladesh, the study clearly identified that the forestland grabbing has taken place with the assistance of state institutions. The economic outcomes of forestland grabbing were mainly seized by the state institutions and local elites, and a number of industries have been set up in and around the Sal forest areas which created huge pressure on forest biodiversity. Consequently, the ecological analysis showed that a significant number of plant species had lost and the remaining species were facing a critical situation. The study also found a violation of human rights and displacement of almost all ethnic respondents from their ancestral forestland. Therefore, the negligible economic gain of Sal forest land grabbing has not taken precedence over social and ecological consideration; a coordinated approach leading by the government level could stop land grabbing and ensure the sustainable development of Sal forests in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. The potential perils of Sal forests land grabbing in Bangladesh: an analysis of economic, social and ecological perspectives. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 23, 15368 -15390.

AMA Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam, Kimihiko Hyakumura. The potential perils of Sal forests land grabbing in Bangladesh: an analysis of economic, social and ecological perspectives. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; 23 (10):15368-15390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. 2021. "The potential perils of Sal forests land grabbing in Bangladesh: an analysis of economic, social and ecological perspectives." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 10: 15368-15390.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2019 in Forests
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Forestland concession has been the dominant governance tool for the acquisition of natural state-owned forest resources in many tropical countries, including Bangladesh. Moreover, the forestland concession process confers the holder a bundle of rights. The Sal forests of Bangladesh are treated as some of the greatest concession forests, as a number of ethnic minorities use these forests for their daily living. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to assess the impacts of Sal forestland concession and land rights on the livelihood development of the ethnic minorities living in the Madhupur Sal Forest (MSF) area of Bangladesh. Using both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques, the study found out that about two thirds of the original Sal forestland was grabbed by the state and non-state actors. As a result, the ethnic minority inhabitants have lost their traditional land and free access rights to the Sal forests. The process of losing ethnic minorities’ land and forest access rights has been enhanced by the institutional arrangements of the state, which had also created severe conflicts between the Forest Department and the ethnic communities. The study also revealed that the forestland concession has negatively affected the five livelihood capitals development of the ethnic minorities, consequently, their forest-based livelihood has shifted to non-securing jobs or poor income sources, like daily wage labor and subsistence agriculture. Despite this, the development drivers have emphasized the Sal forests and biodiversity conservation, while the livelihood development of the ethnic minorities has been ignored from every level. Therefore, this study would recommend establishing a legitimate process in order to settle the issue of traditional land and the forest rights of ethnic minorities, which could also attain the conservation and development goals of the Sal forests.

ACS Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. Forestland Concession, Land Rights, and Livelihood Changes of Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh. Forests 2019, 10, 288 .

AMA Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam, Kimihiko Hyakumura. Forestland Concession, Land Rights, and Livelihood Changes of Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh. Forests. 2019; 10 (3):288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. 2019. "Forestland Concession, Land Rights, and Livelihood Changes of Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh." Forests 10, no. 3: 288.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2018 in Applied Sciences
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A world-wide demand in large-scale land acquisition over the past decade has been discussed as a land grab for access to natural resources. Forestland grab is the dynamics of land use changes by the foreign or national entities that can enable forests and biodiversity transformations on a wider scale. In recent times, forestland grabbing performed by foreigners in the Hokkaido Island of Japan has been increasing and causing a lot of debate. Therefore, this study analyzed the social, economic, and ecological impacts of forestland grabbing by the foreigners in the Hokkaido Island of Japan, and also analyzed the land ownership rules and regulations of Japan that have an impact on the land-grabbing process. This study is formed by an analysis of public and forestry agency documents, grey and academic literatures, interview with questionnaire and practical observation in central Hokkaido, Japan. The study found out that the forestland grabs have been taking place on the Hokkaido Island using the existing Japanese policy and legal arrangements. However, some people and print media have disagreed with the treatment of forestlands as a commodity because the land and water resources are limited and also essential for the national sovereignty and local culture. On the other hand, the small-scale forestland grabbing and development activities by foreigners were totally in the grip of the local government and no significant forest and biodiversity losses have been identified so far. The study also revealed that the entry of foreign companies has augmented the local economy and tourism industries and also provided jobs for the local people. Therefore, the foreigners-based land grabs and investments have caused an immense debate, and the study would recommend the proper execution of conservation regulations at every level instead of blocking the entry of foreign entities through law.

ACS Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. Forestland Grabbing by the Foreigners in Hokkaido, Japan: Is It a Big Concern for Sustainable Forest Development? Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1724 .

AMA Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam, Kimihiko Hyakumura. Forestland Grabbing by the Foreigners in Hokkaido, Japan: Is It a Big Concern for Sustainable Forest Development? Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (10):1724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Kimihiko Hyakumura. 2018. "Forestland Grabbing by the Foreigners in Hokkaido, Japan: Is It a Big Concern for Sustainable Forest Development?" Applied Sciences 8, no. 10: 1724.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Although an agro-based country, the farmers of Bangladesh do not receive significant returns from their products, due to some obstacles blocking the achievement of this ultimate goal. This study tries to identify the major challenges of the agroforestry product supply chains in Bangladesh, and offer an alternative solution through the involvement and experiences of farmer cooperatives within a Japanese cooperative model. The objectives were outfitted by two case studies, and the Bangladesh case clearly showed that the involvement of many intermediaries in agroforestry product supply chains was one of the main obstacles that stunted the outcomes of the agroforestry programs. The intermediaries have maximized their profit by buying the farmer products at low prices and selling them back at higher prices, which resulted in high marketing margins. Meanwhile, the Japanese case study had articulated that the farmer-driven cooperative approach, with its good marketing strategies and service functions, could successfully eliminate the intermediaries’ involvement in farmer products, and make a cooperative a strong economic organization. Despite a few challenges, the farmer-driven Japanese cooperative approach would be a good solution that could tackle the middleman problem, and make agroforestry a sustainable production system in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Takahiro Fujiwara; Noriko Sato; Kimihiko Hyakumura. Evolving and Strengthening the Cooperative Approach for Agroforestry Farmers in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned from the Shimogo Cooperative in Japan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 617 .

AMA Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam, Takahiro Fujiwara, Noriko Sato, Kimihiko Hyakumura. Evolving and Strengthening the Cooperative Approach for Agroforestry Farmers in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned from the Shimogo Cooperative in Japan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi Kamrul Islam; Takahiro Fujiwara; Noriko Sato; Kimihiko Hyakumura. 2018. "Evolving and Strengthening the Cooperative Approach for Agroforestry Farmers in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned from the Shimogo Cooperative in Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 617.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2015 in Agroforestry Systems
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Over the last two decades, participatory forestry practices have gained a remarkable shift from top down traditional forest management to more people-oriented approaches in Bangladesh. The new approaches have involved many actors; however, their relative role or actor power has not been investigated thoroughly. Hence, the study was undertaken to identify the relative role of actors in participatory agroforestry program (PAP) and assess how the interests of powerful actors influence the social, economic and ecological outcomes of PAP. Using different quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, the study identified twenty actors, representing a diversity of interests in PAP in Madhupur Sal forests area. The actors’ power analysis suggested that the forest department evidenced itself as the most powerful and influential actor in every dimensions of power. The study argues that PAP has no doubt led a new elucidation of forest management with a strategy to include local people so as to improve Sal forests condition and livelihoods of local communities. At the same time, exercising of power especially from the powerful actors has strictly controlled the empowerment and access of local people, and apparently reduced the participants’ opportunities to maximize outcomes of PAP. So, there is an immediate need to empower local participants, by which they can easily play the central role in decision making and governing all of their development activities.

ACS Style

K. K. Islam; S. Jose; Masakazu Tani; Kimihiko Hyakumura; Max Krott; Noriko Sato. Does actor power impede outcomes in participatory agroforestry approach? Evidence from Sal forests area, Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems 2015, 89, 885 -899.

AMA Style

K. K. Islam, S. Jose, Masakazu Tani, Kimihiko Hyakumura, Max Krott, Noriko Sato. Does actor power impede outcomes in participatory agroforestry approach? Evidence from Sal forests area, Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems. 2015; 89 (5):885-899.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. K. Islam; S. Jose; Masakazu Tani; Kimihiko Hyakumura; Max Krott; Noriko Sato. 2015. "Does actor power impede outcomes in participatory agroforestry approach? Evidence from Sal forests area, Bangladesh." Agroforestry Systems 89, no. 5: 885-899.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2012 in Journal of Forestry Research
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In the Forest Department of Bangladesh, a Participatory Agroforestry Program (PAP) was initiated at a denuded Sal forests area to protect the forest resources and to alleviate poverty amongst the local poor population. We explored whether the PAP reduced poverty and what factors might be responsible for poverty alleviation. We used three poverty measurement methods: the Head Count Index, the Poverty Gap Index and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index to determine the extent poverty reduction. We used a linear regression model to determine the possible differences among factors in poverty reduction. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and face to face interviews within the study area. PAP proved effective at poverty alleviation, considerably improving the local situation. The linear regression model showed that PAP output explained the income differences in poverty reduction. Participants identified bureaucracy and illegal money demands by forest department officials, an uncontrolled market system, and underdeveloped road infrastructure as the main obstacles to reduction of poverty. Overall, PAP is quite successful in alleviating poverty. So this program might be of interest at other degraded forest areas as a tool to alleviate poverty.

ACS Style

K. K. Islam; Marjanke Hoogstra; M. O. Ullah; Noriko Sato. Economic contribution of participatory agroforestry program to poverty alleviation: a case from Sal forests, Bangladesh. Journal of Forestry Research 2012, 23, 323 -332.

AMA Style

K. K. Islam, Marjanke Hoogstra, M. O. Ullah, Noriko Sato. Economic contribution of participatory agroforestry program to poverty alleviation: a case from Sal forests, Bangladesh. Journal of Forestry Research. 2012; 23 (2):323-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. K. Islam; Marjanke Hoogstra; M. O. Ullah; Noriko Sato. 2012. "Economic contribution of participatory agroforestry program to poverty alleviation: a case from Sal forests, Bangladesh." Journal of Forestry Research 23, no. 2: 323-332.