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The review of 25 studies had two objectives. First, to identify whether results reported in other cultures confirm or rebut the generalizability of the magnitude and characteristics of parks’ impact on property values reported by studies undertaken in the U.S. Second, to identify methodological innovations by researchers from other cultures that could improve the accuracy of hedonic analyses. Results from 11 European studies were generally consistent with those reported in U.S. contexts. Among 11 Chinese studies, five revealed the expected relationship, four reported mixed results, and two showed parks had no impact. Three studies from Japan and Australia also showed mixed results. There were nuances among the results but, in aggregate, they suggested it is reasonable for stakeholders in countries outside the U.S. to draw managerial implications from the U.S. findings. Similarly, from a U.S. perspective, the consistencies in the findings from other cultures enables more confidence to be placed in the findings of U.S. studies. An important methodological innovation emerging from the review was empirical demonstration in two of the studies of the importance of incorporating a qualitative dimension into hedonic analyses. In response to this finding, a five-point scale is offered, ranging from “unusual excellence” to “dispirited, blighted”.
John Crompton; Sarah Nicholls. The impact on property values of distance to public parks and open spaces: findings from beyond North America. World Leisure Journal 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleJohn Crompton, Sarah Nicholls. The impact on property values of distance to public parks and open spaces: findings from beyond North America. World Leisure Journal. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Crompton; Sarah Nicholls. 2021. "The impact on property values of distance to public parks and open spaces: findings from beyond North America." World Leisure Journal , no. : 1-18.
Twenty-seven empirical studies were identified that empirically estimated the impact on property values of views of open space. The review differentiated between street level and high-rise building views. Among the 17 street-level view studies, only five found substantial premiums which ranged from 4.9% to 9.29%, while four others reported either a small increase in value or mixed results. Five studies reported low-elevation views had no impact. Three reported a negative premium which was antithetical to expectations. In all three cases the view was of forest land, not parks or open space. Only ten studies addressed the impact of views from elevated buildings and nine of them were undertaken in China. The highest premiums were for views of residential gardens which two studies estimated at 24% and 17.2%. Five studies reported view premiums for neighborhood parks averaging 5.6%, while two studies counter-intuitively reported that mountain views had a negative premium.
John L. Crompton; Sarah Nicholls. The Impact of Park Views on Property Values. Leisure Sciences 2019, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton, Sarah Nicholls. The Impact of Park Views on Property Values. Leisure Sciences. 2019; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton; Sarah Nicholls. 2019. "The Impact of Park Views on Property Values." Leisure Sciences , no. : 1-13.
This study empirically investigated the effects of temporal construal upon the compromise effect; the extent to which the importance of price and quality attributes to selecting a compromised option changed over time; and the malleability of the influence of the temporal construal heuristic by changing the time parameters. Three hundred and ninety-four questionnaires were used for further data analysis. The study's results suggested that the compromise effect was present in the tourism context, but with weakened effectiveness when the time frame in which the purchase can be used was moved back. The importance of price and quality was different between those groups who selected each of three options. The importance of price level in selecting a middle option was not different in terms of temporal construal, but the quality level was a more important consideration in selecting a middle option for future use than for use today.
Ji Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton; Sunghyup Sean Hyun. The influence of the compromise and travel temporal construal heuristics on a purchase decision. Tourism Management Perspectives 2019, 33, 100583 .
AMA StyleJi Youn Jeong, John L. Crompton, Sunghyup Sean Hyun. The influence of the compromise and travel temporal construal heuristics on a purchase decision. Tourism Management Perspectives. 2019; 33 ():100583.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton; Sunghyup Sean Hyun. 2019. "The influence of the compromise and travel temporal construal heuristics on a purchase decision." Tourism Management Perspectives 33, no. : 100583.
The desirability of living on or close to water is reflected in sometimes substantial property price premiums. Water quality has an important influence on property prices, since it impacts a water body’s appearance, capacity to support wildlife, and recreational potential. As water quality continues to be altered by human use and activity, and in light of new threats posed by projected climate and associated environmental change, understanding the impact of changing quality on property prices, and the associated property tax base, is paramount. This paper reviews the body of evidence on this topic to date. Of the 43 distinct studies represented in the 48 publications reviewed, the expected, statistically significant relationship between water quality and property price was demonstrated in at least one of the models developed in all but two studies. As a whole, they provide convincing evidence that clean water has a positive effect on property values.
Sarah Nicholls; John Crompton. A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence of the Impact of Surface Water Quality on Property Values. Sustainability 2018, 10, 500 .
AMA StyleSarah Nicholls, John Crompton. A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence of the Impact of Surface Water Quality on Property Values. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Nicholls; John Crompton. 2018. "A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence of the Impact of Surface Water Quality on Property Values." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 500.
Ji Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton. Do subjects from high and low context cultures attribute different meanings to tourism services with 9-ending prices? Tourism Management 2018, 64, 110 -118.
AMA StyleJi Youn Jeong, John L. Crompton. Do subjects from high and low context cultures attribute different meanings to tourism services with 9-ending prices? Tourism Management. 2018; 64 ():110-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton. 2018. "Do subjects from high and low context cultures attribute different meanings to tourism services with 9-ending prices?" Tourism Management 64, no. : 110-118.
Ji Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton. The use of odd-ending numbers in the pricing of five tourism services in three different cultures. Tourism Management 2017, 62, 135 -146.
AMA StyleJi Youn Jeong, John L. Crompton. The use of odd-ending numbers in the pricing of five tourism services in three different cultures. Tourism Management. 2017; 62 ():135-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton. 2017. "The use of odd-ending numbers in the pricing of five tourism services in three different cultures." Tourism Management 62, no. : 135-146.
Many leisure managers are under political pressure to raise more revenues from fees without arousing protests from users. Purposeful anchoring is a potential strategy for accomplishing this goal. Three experiments using student subjects in a laboratory context were designed to investigate four research questions that explored the anchoring effect on price of decoys, contextual relevant numbers and noncontextual numbers, and the range of reference prices. Results were mixed. Some treatments in experiments 1 and 2 indicated a decoy and a contextual relevant numeric effect, while others did not. Results from experiment 3 were unequivocal in showing no anchoring effect when noncontextual numbers were used. Contrary to expectations, among subjects reporting different levels of participation, no consistent differences in responses to the treatment anchors emerged and, unexpectedly, variation in the range of reference prices tended to be greater among these reporting frequent, rather than infrequent, participation.
John L. Crompton; Ji Youn Jeong. Experiments Testing the Effectiveness of Purposeful Anchoring on Reference Price in the Context of Public Leisure Services. Journal of Leisure Research 2016, 48, 307 -326.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton, Ji Youn Jeong. Experiments Testing the Effectiveness of Purposeful Anchoring on Reference Price in the Context of Public Leisure Services. Journal of Leisure Research. 2016; 48 (4):307-326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton; Ji Youn Jeong. 2016. "Experiments Testing the Effectiveness of Purposeful Anchoring on Reference Price in the Context of Public Leisure Services." Journal of Leisure Research 48, no. 4: 307-326.
The conceptual arguments and empirical analyses in the article illustrate that when tourism organizations replicate economic impact analyses and/or compare their results with those reported by others, perceived differences often are specious because they are attributable to artifacts in multiplier measurement as well as to changes in the structure of host economies. Four sources of variation in multipliers that may result in specious comparisons are addressed: differences in specifications of the three main types of models used in economic impact analyses, semantic and definition confusion, changes in communities’ economic structures, and calibration and decision rule changes.
John L. Crompton; Ji Youn Jeong; Rebekka M. Dudensing. Sources of Variation in Economic Impact Multipliers. Journal of Travel Research 2016, 55, 1051 -1064.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton, Ji Youn Jeong, Rebekka M. Dudensing. Sources of Variation in Economic Impact Multipliers. Journal of Travel Research. 2016; 55 (8):1051-1064.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton; Ji Youn Jeong; Rebekka M. Dudensing. 2016. "Sources of Variation in Economic Impact Multipliers." Journal of Travel Research 55, no. 8: 1051-1064.
Conceptualizing urban parks as “the lungs of the city” is one of the parks field’s most enduring metaphors. Indeed, it is often uttered unthinkingly as a cliché. Its roots date back over 200 years. The reason it was so widely adopted in the nineteenth century is that it was unusually powerful and resonant in the context of the ubiquitous filth and stench in the industrial cities where it originated. This paper describes the conditions which fostered the metaphor; explains its private and public good dimensions; traces its genesis and diffusion, including its transition from England to the US and concludes with an assessment of its potency in contemporary society.
John L. Crompton. Evolution of the “parks as lungs” metaphor: is it still relevant? World Leisure Journal 2016, 59, 105 -123.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. Evolution of the “parks as lungs” metaphor: is it still relevant? World Leisure Journal. 2016; 59 (2):105-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2016. "Evolution of the “parks as lungs” metaphor: is it still relevant?" World Leisure Journal 59, no. 2: 105-123.
The potential influence of eight decisions made by researchers that are unlikely to be reported in economic impact analyses are identified and empirically tested. The data set was comprised of studies undertaken at nine state parks in Texas. Four of the decisions were categorized as being potentially relatively malignant in that they used obviously inappropriate procedures and were likely to substantially exaggerate expenditure estimates: using group weighting rather than individual weighting; omitting a measure of the extent to which visiting a park was the primary trip purpose; retaining outlier values; and aggregating different visitor segments. The four relatively benign decisions were: convenience or probability samples; managers’ or samples’ estimates of number of nonlocal visitors; treating nonresponses as missing data or as zero expenditures; and sector selection for assignment of government expenditures.
Ji Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton; Rebekka M. Dudensing. The Potential Influence of Researchers’ “Hidden” Procedure Decisions on Estimates of Visitor Spending and Economic Impact. Journal of Travel Research 2015, 55, 874 -888.
AMA StyleJi Youn Jeong, John L. Crompton, Rebekka M. Dudensing. The Potential Influence of Researchers’ “Hidden” Procedure Decisions on Estimates of Visitor Spending and Economic Impact. Journal of Travel Research. 2015; 55 (7):874-888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Youn Jeong; John L. Crompton; Rebekka M. Dudensing. 2015. "The Potential Influence of Researchers’ “Hidden” Procedure Decisions on Estimates of Visitor Spending and Economic Impact." Journal of Travel Research 55, no. 7: 874-888.
One of the forces which led to parks becoming an integral part of cities' infrastructure in the mid- and late nineteenth century in the USA was a widespread perception that they contributed to alleviating disease contagion and epidemics. This paper identifies six strategies that were effective in this successful movement which appear to have relevance in the contemporary context. Four of these contribute to the central challenge of positioning parks so parks are recognized as a component to be included in the multifaceted effort to address the obesity epidemic: conceptual alignment, cost-effectiveness, associative positioning and psychological positioning. The other two pertain to the tactical use of science to support advocacy and the need to secure influential champions.
John L. Crompton. Lessons from nineteenth-century advocacy in the USA for urban parks as antidotes for ill health. World Leisure Journal 2014, 56, 267 -280.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. Lessons from nineteenth-century advocacy in the USA for urban parks as antidotes for ill health. World Leisure Journal. 2014; 56 (4):267-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2014. "Lessons from nineteenth-century advocacy in the USA for urban parks as antidotes for ill health." World Leisure Journal 56, no. 4: 267-280.
Sponsorship funding has become a staple source of revenues for many sport events, but there are two types of potentially negative outcomes for properties that may be associated with it: operational risk and reputational risk. Operational risk occurs when sponsors insist on changing the rules or format of the event, or when they exercise undue influence on its content, timing, location or participants. The primary source of reputational risk is increased public sensitivity to the negative health impacts of some product categories, most prominently those of tobacco, alcohol, gambling and products that are high in fat, salt or sugar that may make it contentious for a sport property to partner with companies in these product classes. Similar controversy from public sensitivity may emerge around issues of corporate social responsibility, as expectations grow regarding the impact of a company's actions on society. Reputational risk also may emanate from over-commercialization of an event, since this may erode “fan equity”, i.e. the passion of fans who traditionally have supported it.
John L. Crompton. Potential negative outcomes from sponsorship for a sport property. Managing Leisure 2014, 19, 420 -441.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. Potential negative outcomes from sponsorship for a sport property. Managing Leisure. 2014; 19 (6):420-441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2014. "Potential negative outcomes from sponsorship for a sport property." Managing Leisure 19, no. 6: 420-441.
As skepticism has grown toward the purported economic impact of major sport facilities on a community, advocates have redirected their justification toward the proximate structural development they stimulate and the social capital emanating from their presence. Analyses in this paper are confined to returns on investment in sport facilities from proximate structural development. Advocates invariably claim such benefits will accrue, but frequently they do not. Based on a review of multiple cases, it is suggested that at the city level an acceptable return is dependent on there being a critical mass of complementary attractions, while at the regional level the requirement is a critical mass of businesses that “feed off” the sport facilities. In the context of mega events, the return may be in the form of environmental rehabilitation, a legacy of long-term usable facilities, or “fast-tracked” infrastructure improvements. In all contexts, success is dependent on the extent to which the sport projects are part of a holistic plan. The challenge of stimulating proximate development is exacerbated by the private facility operators' goal of capturing all discretionary spending by visitors to their facilities and minimizing visitor spending outside their facility.
John L. Crompton. Proximate development: an alternate justification for public investment in major sport facilities? Managing Leisure 2014, 19, 263 -282.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. Proximate development: an alternate justification for public investment in major sport facilities? Managing Leisure. 2014; 19 (4):263-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2014. "Proximate development: an alternate justification for public investment in major sport facilities?" Managing Leisure 19, no. 4: 263-282.
In the political arena, it is almost always advantageous to frame an issue in economic terms when seeking support from a legislative body. This paper describes, measures, and provides illustrative examples for estimating the economic value of 12 benefits associated with urban parks. Seven of these constitute a template for measuring the economic value of an urban parks system that has been developed and refined by empirical studies undertaken in 12 US urban areas by the Trust for Public Land. The remaining five are suggested measures that might be added to the template. The paper concludes by identifying five other park benefits for which no measure of economic value appears to exist at this point.
Peter Harnik; John L. Crompton. Measuring the total economic value of a park system to a community. Managing Leisure 2014, 19, 188 -211.
AMA StylePeter Harnik, John L. Crompton. Measuring the total economic value of a park system to a community. Managing Leisure. 2014; 19 (3):188-211.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Harnik; John L. Crompton. 2014. "Measuring the total economic value of a park system to a community." Managing Leisure 19, no. 3: 188-211.
John L. Crompton. Clare Gunn: pioneer, maverick and “founding father” of academic tourism in the USA. Anatolia 2014, 26, 165 -170.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. Clare Gunn: pioneer, maverick and “founding father” of academic tourism in the USA. Anatolia. 2014; 26 (1):165-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2014. "Clare Gunn: pioneer, maverick and “founding father” of academic tourism in the USA." Anatolia 26, no. 1: 165-170.
Urban parks in the USA sprang from multiple influences, but the belief that they would contribute to improved health has not previously received detailed attention in the parks literature. They emerged in the industrial cities where squalor and filth characterised living conditions. Taking their lead from peers in the UK, the US medical community believed these conditions created miasmas (obnoxious gases) that were the source of all diseases. Urban parks were perceived to provide oxygenised oases that offered protection against miasmas. Thus, they were viewed by government entities as contributing to reducing societal costs associated with pauperism and lost labour productivity, while individuals viewed parks as offering a defence against disease contagion and epidemics.
John L. Crompton. The health rationale for urban parks in the nineteenth century in the USA. World Leisure Journal 2013, 55, 333 -346.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton. The health rationale for urban parks in the nineteenth century in the USA. World Leisure Journal. 2013; 55 (4):333-346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton. 2013. "The health rationale for urban parks in the nineteenth century in the USA." World Leisure Journal 55, no. 4: 333-346.
All are likely to agree that resources for public leisure services should be allocated equitably, that is, fairly. Equity is a pseudo-cognate term in that many who use it assume that everyone has the same intuitive definition of it. This is a fallacious assumption. There are multiple and diverse interpretations of what is meant by equity. Since interpretations reflect value systems, they are likely to vary across communities. This article develops an instrument that will enable professionals to identify the preferred interpretation in their community. It proposes a taxonomy of five broad equity perspectives with nine operationalisations of the construct. A classic scale development procedure was used to measure the nine operational strategies. The empirical procedures failed to develop measures for two of the operationalisations but they verified the reliability, dimensionality and validity of 23 items measuring the remaining seven equity operationalisations: Economically Disadvantaged, Equality, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency, Advocacy and Professional Judgement.
Stephanie T. West; John L. Crompton. Who ought to receive what? An instrument to assess a community's preferred strategy for allocating leisure service resources. World Leisure Journal 2013, 55, 38 -57.
AMA StyleStephanie T. West, John L. Crompton. Who ought to receive what? An instrument to assess a community's preferred strategy for allocating leisure service resources. World Leisure Journal. 2013; 55 (1):38-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephanie T. West; John L. Crompton. 2013. "Who ought to receive what? An instrument to assess a community's preferred strategy for allocating leisure service resources." World Leisure Journal 55, no. 1: 38-57.
Much of the work on constraints in the park and recreation field has concentrated on structural constraints. However, relatively little has been reported on the sub-set of structural constraints that have been termed institutional constraints, i.e. practices of agencies that may contribute to inhibiting participation. This study examined the impact of five potential institutional constraints to park use. It used a probability sample of 458 residents in a city of 90,000. Results showed that no significant relationship existed between park use and traffic around a park; being well informed about neighborhood park plans; and communication with park leaders. The results suggested that these three potential institutional constraints were not impediments to park use in this community. There was a significant relationship between level of park use and perceived level of information about park facilities and recreation programs (p = 0.01) and to a lesser extent (p = 0.07) with perceptions of parks being well maintained and clean. The latter relationship was counter-intuitive since it indicated that respondents who believed parks were not well maintained were 15% more likely to use them. It was suggested this may be explained by park aficionados having both a better understanding of what constitutes excellent maintenance, and a greater awareness of sub-par maintenance in parks they visit frequently because of their intimate acquaintance with them.
Jamie Rae Walker; John L. Crompton. The impact of five potential institutional barriers on park visitation. Managing Leisure 2013, 18, 61 -70.
AMA StyleJamie Rae Walker, John L. Crompton. The impact of five potential institutional barriers on park visitation. Managing Leisure. 2013; 18 (1):61-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Rae Walker; John L. Crompton. 2013. "The impact of five potential institutional barriers on park visitation." Managing Leisure 18, no. 1: 61-70.
Michael A. Hunt; John L. Crompton. Investigating attraction compatibility in an East Texas city. International Journal of Tourism Research 2008, 10, 237 -246.
AMA StyleMichael A. Hunt, John L. Crompton. Investigating attraction compatibility in an East Texas city. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2008; 10 (3):237-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael A. Hunt; John L. Crompton. 2008. "Investigating attraction compatibility in an East Texas city." International Journal of Tourism Research 10, no. 3: 237-246.
This paper revises an earlier taxonomy of equity models that was published in this journal in 1988. This revised taxonomy consists of three elements. First, it extends the original taxonomy by proposing a set of moral philosophies, positioning them as antecedents of the operational strategies that determine equity outcomes. Six are identified: Rawlsian, egalitarianism, benefit principle, utilitarianism, libertarianism and paternal professionalism. It is suggested that communitarianism offers a philosophical basis for reconciling some of the antithetical perspectives embedded in these six moral philosophies. A second element in the taxonomy suggests the operational criterion flowing from each of the moral philosophies when it is adapted as the basis for policy decisions regarding the allocation of resources to leisure services. The third element identifies 14 operational strategies that determine equity outcomes. Their linkage to operational criteria and moral philosophies is shown. Potential equity consequences and implications of the operational strategies are illustrated and compared by use of a scenario relating the allocation of resources to park land acquisition.
John L. Crompton; Stephanie T. West. The Role of Moral Philosophies, Operational Criteria and Operational Strategies in Determining Equitable Allocation of Resources for Leisure Services in the United States. Leisure Studies 2008, 27, 35 -58.
AMA StyleJohn L. Crompton, Stephanie T. West. The Role of Moral Philosophies, Operational Criteria and Operational Strategies in Determining Equitable Allocation of Resources for Leisure Services in the United States. Leisure Studies. 2008; 27 (1):35-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn L. Crompton; Stephanie T. West. 2008. "The Role of Moral Philosophies, Operational Criteria and Operational Strategies in Determining Equitable Allocation of Resources for Leisure Services in the United States." Leisure Studies 27, no. 1: 35-58.