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In the context of the first phase of the Euro-CORDEX Flagship Plot Study (FPS) Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS), we investigate the afforestation impact on the seasonal cycle of soil temperature over the European continent with an ensemble of ten regional climate models (RCMs). For this purpose, each ensemble member performed two idealized land cover experiments in which Europe is covered either by forests or grasslands. The multi-model mean exhibits a reduction of the annual amplitude of soil temperature (AAST) over all European regions, although this not a robust feature among the models. In Mediterranean, the simulated AAST response to afforestation is between −4 K and +2 K while in Scandinavia the inter-model spread ranges from −7 K to +1 K. We then examine the role of changes in the annual amplitude of ground heat flux (AAGHF) and summer soil moisture content (SMC) in determining the effect of afforestation on AAST response. In contrast with the diverging results in AAST, all the models consistently indicate a widespread AAGHF decrease and summer SMC decline due to afforestation. The AAGHF changes effectively explain the largest part of the inter-model variance in AAST response in most regions, while the changes in summer SMC determine the sign of AAST response within a group of three simulations sharing the same land surface model. Finally, we pair FLUXNET sites to compare the simulated results with observation-based evidence of the impact of forest on soil temperature. In line with models, observations indicate a summer ground cooling in forested areas compared to open lands. The vast majority of models agree with the sign of the observed reduction in AAST, although with a large variation in the magnitude of changes. Overall, we aspire to emphasize the effects of afforestation on soil temperature profile with this study, given that changes in the seasonal cycle of soil temperature potentially perturb crucial biochemical processes. Such perturbations can be of societal relevance as afforestation is proposed as a climate change mitigation strategy.
Giannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Ronny Meier; Priscilla Mooney; Pedro M. M. Soares; Susanna Strada; Merja H. Tolle; Kirsten Warrach Sagi. Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe. 2021, 2021, 1 -35.
AMA StyleGiannis Sofiadis, Eleni Katragkou, Edouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa Jach, Ronny Meier, Priscilla Mooney, Pedro M. M. Soares, Susanna Strada, Merja H. Tolle, Kirsten Warrach Sagi. Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe. . 2021; 2021 ():1-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Ronny Meier; Priscilla Mooney; Pedro M. M. Soares; Susanna Strada; Merja H. Tolle; Kirsten Warrach Sagi. 2021. "Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe." 2021, no. : 1-35.
Giannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Ronny Meier; Priscilla Mooney; Pedro M. M. Soares; Susanna Strada; Merja H. Tolle; Kirsten Warrach Sagi. Supplementary material to "Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe". 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiannis Sofiadis, Eleni Katragkou, Edouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa Jach, Ronny Meier, Priscilla Mooney, Pedro M. M. Soares, Susanna Strada, Merja H. Tolle, Kirsten Warrach Sagi. Supplementary material to "Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe". . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Ronny Meier; Priscilla Mooney; Pedro M. M. Soares; Susanna Strada; Merja H. Tolle; Kirsten Warrach Sagi. 2021. "Supplementary material to "Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe"." , no. : 1.
Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of $$\sim $$ ∼ 3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution ( $$\sim $$ ∼ 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from $$\sim \,$$ ∼ −40% at 12 km to $$\sim \,$$ ∼ −3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.
Nikolina Ban; Cécile Caillaud; Erika Coppola; Emanuela Pichelli; Stefan Sobolowski; Marianna Adinolfi; Bodo Ahrens; Antoinette Alias; Ivonne Anders; Sophie Bastin; Danijel Belušić; Ségolène Berthou; Erwan Brisson; Rita M. Cardoso; Steven C. Chan; Ole Bøssing Christensen; Jesús Fernández; Lluís Fita; Thomas Frisius; Goran Gašparac; Filippo Giorgi; Klaus Goergen; Jan Erik Haugen; Øivind Hodnebrog; Stergios Kartsios; Eleni Katragkou; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Klaus Keuler; Alvaro Lavin-Gullon; Geert Lenderink; David Leutwyler; Torge Lorenz; Douglas Maraun; Paola Mercogliano; Josipa Milovac; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Mario Raffa; Armelle Reca Remedio; Christoph Schär; Pedro M. M Soares; Lidija Srnec; Birthe Marie Steensen; Paolo Stocchi; Merja H. Tölle; Heimo Truhetz; Jesus Vergara-Temprado; Hylke de Vries; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer; Mar Janne Zander. The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation. Climate Dynamics 2021, 57, 275 -302.
AMA StyleNikolina Ban, Cécile Caillaud, Erika Coppola, Emanuela Pichelli, Stefan Sobolowski, Marianna Adinolfi, Bodo Ahrens, Antoinette Alias, Ivonne Anders, Sophie Bastin, Danijel Belušić, Ségolène Berthou, Erwan Brisson, Rita M. Cardoso, Steven C. Chan, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Jesús Fernández, Lluís Fita, Thomas Frisius, Goran Gašparac, Filippo Giorgi, Klaus Goergen, Jan Erik Haugen, Øivind Hodnebrog, Stergios Kartsios, Eleni Katragkou, Elizabeth J. Kendon, Klaus Keuler, Alvaro Lavin-Gullon, Geert Lenderink, David Leutwyler, Torge Lorenz, Douglas Maraun, Paola Mercogliano, Josipa Milovac, Hans-Juergen Panitz, Mario Raffa, Armelle Reca Remedio, Christoph Schär, Pedro M. M Soares, Lidija Srnec, Birthe Marie Steensen, Paolo Stocchi, Merja H. Tölle, Heimo Truhetz, Jesus Vergara-Temprado, Hylke de Vries, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Volker Wulfmeyer, Mar Janne Zander. The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation. Climate Dynamics. 2021; 57 (1-2):275-302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolina Ban; Cécile Caillaud; Erika Coppola; Emanuela Pichelli; Stefan Sobolowski; Marianna Adinolfi; Bodo Ahrens; Antoinette Alias; Ivonne Anders; Sophie Bastin; Danijel Belušić; Ségolène Berthou; Erwan Brisson; Rita M. Cardoso; Steven C. Chan; Ole Bøssing Christensen; Jesús Fernández; Lluís Fita; Thomas Frisius; Goran Gašparac; Filippo Giorgi; Klaus Goergen; Jan Erik Haugen; Øivind Hodnebrog; Stergios Kartsios; Eleni Katragkou; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Klaus Keuler; Alvaro Lavin-Gullon; Geert Lenderink; David Leutwyler; Torge Lorenz; Douglas Maraun; Paola Mercogliano; Josipa Milovac; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Mario Raffa; Armelle Reca Remedio; Christoph Schär; Pedro M. M Soares; Lidija Srnec; Birthe Marie Steensen; Paolo Stocchi; Merja H. Tölle; Heimo Truhetz; Jesus Vergara-Temprado; Hylke de Vries; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer; Mar Janne Zander. 2021. "The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 1-2: 275-302.
Land-atmosphere energy and water exchanges are fundamentally linked to soil-moisture. The distribution of the planets’ biomes hinges on the surface-atmosphere coupling since soil moisture and temperature feedbacks have a strong influence on plant transpiration and photosynthesis. Land use/land cover changes (LUC) modify locally land surface properties that control the land-atmosphere mass, energy, and momentum exchanges. The impact of these changes depends on the scale and nature of land cover modifications and is very difficult to quantify. However, large inconsistencies in the LUC impacts are observed between models, highlighting the need for common LUC across a large ensemble of models. The Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (Land Use & Climate Across Scales) provides a coordinated effort to study LUC using an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs). In the first phase of the project 3 experiments were performed for continental Europe: EVAL (current climate); GRASS (trees replaced by grassland) and FOREST (grasses and shrubs replaced by trees). An analysis of the energy and moisture balance for the three experiments is performed, focusing on the relationship between the fluxes partitioning, heat waves and droughts. To better asses the link between extreme temperatures and soil moisture or evapotranspiration, a new coupling metric for short time scales is proposed, the Latent Heat Flux-Temperature Coupling Magnitude (LETCM). This new metric is computed for a specific period, considering the positive temperature extremes and the negative latent heat flux extremes. Areas with positive magnitude values imply higher temperature anomaly, due to a negative latent heat flux anomaly. This new metric only considers periods of strong coupling, with positive signals in areas of high temperatures and evaporative stress, allowing for the detection of events that are extreme for energy and water cycle. Concurrently, a new decile based normalised drought index is used to examine the concurrent heat extremes and droughts. The analysis focuses on the three experiments revealing that the number, amplitude and spatial distribution of compound extreme heat and drought is highly model dependant. The impact of afforestation or deforestation is not consistent across models.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge project LEADING (PTDC/CTA-MET/28914/2017) and FCT - project UIDB/50019/2020 - Instituto Dom Luiz.
Rita M. Cardoso; Daniela D. C. A. Lima; Pedro M. M. Soares; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Erika Coppola; Edouard Davin; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Eleni Katragkou Katragkou; Ronny Meier; Priscilla A. Mooney; Natalie de Noblet-Ducoudré; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Ioannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi. Land-atmosphere coupling during compound extreme heat and drought events in the LUCAS experiment: a new coupling metric for climate extremes. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRita M. Cardoso, Daniela D. C. A. Lima, Pedro M. M. Soares, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Erika Coppola, Edouard Davin, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa Jach, Eleni Katragkou Katragkou, Ronny Meier, Priscilla A. Mooney, Natalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Hans-Juergen Panitz, Ioannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi. Land-atmosphere coupling during compound extreme heat and drought events in the LUCAS experiment: a new coupling metric for climate extremes. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita M. Cardoso; Daniela D. C. A. Lima; Pedro M. M. Soares; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Erika Coppola; Edouard Davin; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa Jach; Eleni Katragkou Katragkou; Ronny Meier; Priscilla A. Mooney; Natalie de Noblet-Ducoudré; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Ioannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi. 2021. "Land-atmosphere coupling during compound extreme heat and drought events in the LUCAS experiment: a new coupling metric for climate extremes." , no. : 1.
The use of a dynamic vegetation model, CARAIB, to estimate carbon sequestration from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) offers a new approach for spatial and temporal details of carbon sink and for terrestrial ecosystem productivity affected by LULCC. Using the remote sensing satellite imagery (Landsat) we explore the role of land use land cover change (LULCC) in modifying the terrestrial carbon sequestration. We have constructed our LULCC data over Wallonia, Belgium, and compared it with the ground-based statistical data. However, the results from the satellite base LULCC are overestimating the forest data due to the single isolated trees. We know forests play an important role in mitigating climate change by capturing and sequestering atmospheric carbon. Overall, the conversion of land and increase in urban land can impact the environment. Moreover, quantitative estimation of the temporal and spatial pattern of carbon storage with the change in land use land cover is critical to estimate. The objective of this study is to estimate the inter-annual variability in carbon sequestration with the change in land use land cover. Here, with the CARAIB dynamic vegetation model, we perform simulations using remote sensing satellite-based LULCC data to analyse the sensitivity of the carbon sequestration. We propose a new method of using satellite and machine learning-based observation to reconstruct historical LULCC. It will quantify the spatial and temporal variability of land-use change during the 1985-2020 periods over Wallonia, Belgium at high resolution. This study will give the space to analyse past information and hence calibrate the dynamic vegetation model to minimize uncertainty in the future projection (until 2070). Further, we will also analyse the change in other climate variables, such as CO2, temperature, etc. Overall, this study allows us to understand the effect of changing land-use patterns and to constrain the model with an improved input dataset which minimizes the uncertainty in model estimation.
Arpita Verma; Louis Francois; Ingrid Jacquemin; Merja Tölle; Huan Zhang; Benjamin Lanssens. Assessing the effects of climate and land use land cover changes on recent carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystem using model-satellite approach over Wallonia, Belgium. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleArpita Verma, Louis Francois, Ingrid Jacquemin, Merja Tölle, Huan Zhang, Benjamin Lanssens. Assessing the effects of climate and land use land cover changes on recent carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystem using model-satellite approach over Wallonia, Belgium. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArpita Verma; Louis Francois; Ingrid Jacquemin; Merja Tölle; Huan Zhang; Benjamin Lanssens. 2021. "Assessing the effects of climate and land use land cover changes on recent carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystem using model-satellite approach over Wallonia, Belgium." , no. : 1.
Compared to standard regional climate models (RCMs), convection-permitting models (CPMs) provide an improved representation of sub-daily precipitation statistics and extremes thanks mainly to the possibility to switch off the deep convection parameterisation, a known source of model error and uncertainties. The more realistic representation of local processes in CPMs leads to a greater confidence in their projections of future changes in short-duration precipitation extremes. Recent literature on CPMs seems to agree on a future increase of extreme precipitation, above Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling in some cases, which is likely to have severe socio-economic impacts.
The quantification of uncertainties on future changes at this resolution has been barely touched. Using the first‐ever ensemble of CPMs run within the UK Climate Projections project, Fosser et al. (2020) found that the climate change signal for extreme summer precipitation may converge in CPMs in contrast to RCMs, thanks to a more realistic representation of the local storm dynamics.
Here we use the first multi-model CPMs ensemble over the greater Alpine region, run under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP) Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment Flagship Pilot Study on Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean (Coppola et al. 2020). In our analysis we compared the uncertainties in the CPMs ensemble to the driving models following a similar method to Fosser et al. (2020). In this presentation we will show if multi-model CPMs can really provide more certain extreme rainfall projections then their parent coarser resolution models.
Fosser G, Kendon EJ, Stephenson D, Tucker S (2020) Convection‐Permitting Models Offer Promise of More Certain Extreme Rainfall Projections. Geophys Res Lett 47:0–2. doi: 10.1029/2020GL088151
Coppola, E., Sobolowski, S., Pichelli, E. et al. A first-of-its-kind multi-model convection permitting ensemble for investigating convective phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean. Clim Dyn 55, 3–34 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4521-8
Giorgia Fosser; Marianna Adinolfi; Nikolina Ban; Danijel Belusic; Ségolène Berthou; Cécile Caillaud; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Hylke De Vries; Andreas Dobler; Hendrik Feldmann; Klaus Goergen; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Geert Lenderink; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Emanuela Pichelli; Pedro M. M. Soares; Samuel Somot; Merja H. Tölle; Jesus Vergara-Temprado. Can Convection‐Permitting Models really Offer Promise of More Certain Extreme Rainfall Projections ? 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiorgia Fosser, Marianna Adinolfi, Nikolina Ban, Danijel Belusic, Ségolène Berthou, Cécile Caillaud, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Hylke De Vries, Andreas Dobler, Hendrik Feldmann, Klaus Goergen, Elizabeth J. Kendon, Geert Lenderink, Hans-Juergen Panitz, Emanuela Pichelli, Pedro M. M. Soares, Samuel Somot, Merja H. Tölle, Jesus Vergara-Temprado. Can Convection‐Permitting Models really Offer Promise of More Certain Extreme Rainfall Projections ? . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia Fosser; Marianna Adinolfi; Nikolina Ban; Danijel Belusic; Ségolène Berthou; Cécile Caillaud; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Hylke De Vries; Andreas Dobler; Hendrik Feldmann; Klaus Goergen; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Geert Lenderink; Hans-Juergen Panitz; Emanuela Pichelli; Pedro M. M. Soares; Samuel Somot; Merja H. Tölle; Jesus Vergara-Temprado. 2021. "Can Convection‐Permitting Models really Offer Promise of More Certain Extreme Rainfall Projections ?" , no. : 1.
We here present a climate study on Heavy Precipitation Events (HPEs). To this aim we use an ensemble of convection-permitting regional climate models on a domain that covers the alps and large parts of the Mediterranean. These HPEs are generally meso-scale convective systems, which often are related to a landfall or orographic blocking. For society they are of major interest as they may damage infrastructure and threaten lives through flash floods and strong winds.
From the models' output of precipitation we identify HPEs by applying an well-established clustering and tracking algorithm (MET MTD).
Our study is organized into an evaluation and a climate study part. We evaluate the models by comparison of the evaluation scenario, driven by reanalysis data, against observations. In order to evaluate the tracking algorithm we analyse three specific historic events, occurring in southern France, central Italy and Germany. Eventually we investigate the climate response by comparison of the far future projection (2090-2100) under the rcp85 forcing against the historical scenario (1996-2006).
In regards of the model evaluation we find that the annual cycle is very well captured by model ensemble, although the models overestimate HPEs over orography and underestimated HPEs over flatter terrain.
Concerning the climate response our main result highlights that precipitation associated with HPEs is increasing in the far future, even though total annual precipitation is decreasing. Overall more HPEs occur in the far future, but only for an extended winter season (October to April), while for months May to September the occurrence of HPEs is decreasing. This behaviour motivates us to investigate the annual cycle of HPEs in greater detail.
Sebastian Müller; Emanuela Pichelli; Erika Coppola; Segolene Berthou; Susanne Brienen; Cécile Caillaud; Andreas Dobler; Merja Tölle. The Climate Response of Heavy Precipitation Events over the Alps and in the Mediterranean. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSebastian Müller, Emanuela Pichelli, Erika Coppola, Segolene Berthou, Susanne Brienen, Cécile Caillaud, Andreas Dobler, Merja Tölle. The Climate Response of Heavy Precipitation Events over the Alps and in the Mediterranean. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Müller; Emanuela Pichelli; Erika Coppola; Segolene Berthou; Susanne Brienen; Cécile Caillaud; Andreas Dobler; Merja Tölle. 2021. "The Climate Response of Heavy Precipitation Events over the Alps and in the Mediterranean." , no. : 1.
Convection-permitting regional climate model simulations may serve as driving data for crop and dynamic vegetation models. It is thus possible to generate physically consistent scenarios for the future-concerning effects of climate change on crop yields and pollinators. Here, we performed convection-permitting hindcast simulations with the regional climate model COSMO5.0-CLM16 (CCLM) from 1980 to 2015 with a spin-up starting at 1979. The model was driven with hourly ERA5 data, which is the latest climate reanalysis product by ECMWF and directly downscaled to 3 km horizontal resolution over central Europe. The land-use classes are described by ECOCLIMAP, and the soil type and depth by HWSD. The evaluation is carried out in terms of temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather indices, comparing CCLM output with the gridded observational dataset HYRAS from the German Weather Service. While CCLM inherits a warm/cold and dry/wet summer/winter bias found in its parent model, it reproduces the main features of the present climate of the study domain, including the distribution, the seasonal mean climate patterns, and probability density distributions. The bias for precipitation ranges between ±20 % and the bias for temperature between ±1 °C compared to the observations over most of the regions. This is in the range of the bias between observational data. Furthermore, the model catches extreme weather events related to droughts, floods, heat/cold waves, and agriculture-specific events. The results highlight the possibility to directly downscale ERA5 data with regional climate models avoiding the multiple nesting approach and high computational costs. This study adds confidence to convection-permitting climate simulations of future changes in agricultural extreme events.
Huan Zhang; Merja Tölle. Evaluation of agricultural-related extreme events in hindcast COSMO-CLM simulations over Central Europe . 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHuan Zhang, Merja Tölle. Evaluation of agricultural-related extreme events in hindcast COSMO-CLM simulations over Central Europe . . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuan Zhang; Merja Tölle. 2021. "Evaluation of agricultural-related extreme events in hindcast COSMO-CLM simulations over Central Europe ." , no. : 1.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the seasonal snow cover plays a major role in the climate system via its effect on albedo and surface fluxes, influencing the variations in near surface temperature. Across climate models, the parameterization of the snow-albedo relationship remains a source of high uncertainty, often leading to large biases in the representation of local and global climate.
In this work, we analyze regional climate model outputs from the flagship pilot study (FPS) Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) of the European branch of the Coordinated Downscaling Experiments EURO-CORDEX. These experiments include land use change forcing to identify robust biophysical impacts of land use changes on climate across regional to local spatial scales and at various time scales from extreme events to multi-decadal trends.
Here, we evaluate the ability of this ensemble of regional climate models combined with different land surface models to capture the climate forcing from the snow albedo effect in Europe, by comparing their representation of the Snow Atmosphere Sensitivity Index (SASI) with reanalyses and satellite observations. A specific focus is given to three sub-regions: Scandinavia, East Baltic and East Europe. For all regions, during the accumulation period, the models tend to largely agree on the representation of SASI. However, during the ablation period, there are large disparities, which are related to differences in the representation of the snow cover fraction in the models. This suggests that the choice of the land model is more critical for the representation of the climate forcing from the snow albedo effect than the atmospheric model. These differences in SASI leads to discrepancies in the simulated surface temperature.
Anne Sophie Daloz; Clemens Schwingshackl; Priscilla Mooney; Susanna Strada; Marianne T. Lund; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Edouard Davin; Peter Hoffmann; Elena Katragkou; Daniela C.A. Lima; Rony Meier; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Diana Rechid; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Toelle. Climate forcing due to the snow albedo effect in the regional climate models from the CORDEX Flagship Pilot study LUCAS. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAnne Sophie Daloz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Priscilla Mooney, Susanna Strada, Marianne T. Lund, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Edouard Davin, Peter Hoffmann, Elena Katragkou, Daniela C.A. Lima, Rony Meier, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre, Diana Rechid, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Toelle. Climate forcing due to the snow albedo effect in the regional climate models from the CORDEX Flagship Pilot study LUCAS. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Sophie Daloz; Clemens Schwingshackl; Priscilla Mooney; Susanna Strada; Marianne T. Lund; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Edouard Davin; Peter Hoffmann; Elena Katragkou; Daniela C.A. Lima; Rony Meier; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre; Diana Rechid; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Toelle. 2021. "Climate forcing due to the snow albedo effect in the regional climate models from the CORDEX Flagship Pilot study LUCAS." , no. : 1.
Feedbacks of plant phenology to the regional climate system affect fluxes of energy, water, CO2, biogenic volatile organic compounds as well as canopy conductance, surface roughness length, and are influencing the seasonality of albedo. We performed simulations with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM) at three locations in Germany covering the period 1999 to 2015 in order to study the sensitivity of grass phenology to different environmental conditions by implementing a new phenology module. We provide new evidence that the annually-recurring standard phenology of CCLM is improved by the new calculation of leaf area index (LAI) dependent upon surface temperature, day length, and water availability. Results with the new phenology implemented in the model show a significantly higher correlation with observations than simulations with the standard phenology. The interannual variability of LAI improves the representation of vegetation in years with extremely warm winter/spring (e.g., 2007) or extremely dry summer (e.g., 2003) and shows a more realistic growth period. The effect of the newly implemented phenology on atmospheric variables is small but tends to be positive. It should be used in future applications with an extension on more plant functional types.
Eva Hartmann; Jan-Peter Schulz; Ruben Seibert; Marius Schmidt; Mingyue Zhang; Jürg Luterbacher; Merja Tölle. Impact of Environmental Conditions on Grass Phenology in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1364 .
AMA StyleEva Hartmann, Jan-Peter Schulz, Ruben Seibert, Marius Schmidt, Mingyue Zhang, Jürg Luterbacher, Merja Tölle. Impact of Environmental Conditions on Grass Phenology in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hartmann; Jan-Peter Schulz; Ruben Seibert; Marius Schmidt; Mingyue Zhang; Jürg Luterbacher; Merja Tölle. 2020. "Impact of Environmental Conditions on Grass Phenology in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1364.
High horizontal resolution regional climate model simulations serve as forcing data for crop and dynamic vegetation models, for generating possible scenarios of the future effects of climate change on crop yields and pollinators. Here, we performed convection-permitting hindcast simulations with the regional climate model COSMO5.0-CLM15 (CCLM) from 1979 to 2015, and the first year was considered as a spin-up period. The model was driven with hourly ERA5 data, which were the latest climate reanalysis product by ECMWF, and directly downscaled to a 3 km horizontal resolution over Central Europe. The land-use classes were described by ECOCLIMAP, and the soil type and depth were described by HWSD. The evaluation was carried out in terms of temperature, precipitation, and climate indices, comparing CCLM output with the gridded observational dataset HYRAS from the German Weather Service. While CCLM inherits a warm and dry summer bias found in its parent model, it reproduces the main features of the recent past climate of Central Europe, including the seasonal mean climate patterns and probability density distributions. Furthermore, the model reproduced climate indices for temperature like growing season length, growing season start date, number of summer days. The results highlighted the possibility of directly downscaling ERA5 data with regional climate models, avoiding the multiple nesting approach and high computational costs. This study adds confidence to convection-permitting climate projections of future changes in agricultural climate indices.
Huan Zhang; Merja H. Tölle. Evaluation of Agriculture-Related Climate Indices in Hindcast COSMO-CLM Simulations over Central Europe. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 4, 27 .
AMA StyleHuan Zhang, Merja H. Tölle. Evaluation of Agriculture-Related Climate Indices in Hindcast COSMO-CLM Simulations over Central Europe. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 4 (1):27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuan Zhang; Merja H. Tölle. 2020. "Evaluation of Agriculture-Related Climate Indices in Hindcast COSMO-CLM Simulations over Central Europe." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 4, no. 1: 27.
Southeast Asia (SEA) is a deforestation hotspot. A thorough understanding of the accompanying biogeophysical consequences is crucial for sustainable future development of the region’s ecosystem functions and society. In this study, data from ERA-Interim driven simulations conducted with the state-of-the-art regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM; version 4.8.17) at 14 km horizontal resolution are analyzed over SEA for the period from 1990 to 2004, and during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events for November to March. A simulation with large-scale deforested land cover is compared to a simulation with no land cover change. In order to attribute the differences due to deforestation to feedback mechanisms, the coupling strength concept is applied based on Pearson correlation coefficients. The correlations were calculated based on 10-day means between the latent heat flux and maximum temperature, the latent and sensible heat flux, and the latent heat flux and planetary boundary layer height. The results show that the coupling strength between land and atmosphere increased for all correlations due to deforestation. This implies a strong impact of the land on the atmosphere after deforestation. Differences in environmental conditions due to deforestation are most effective during La Niña years. The strength of La Nina events on the region is reduced as the impact of deforestation on the atmosphere with drier and warmer conditions superimpose this effect. The correlation strength also intensified and shifted towards stronger coupling during El Niño events for both Control and Grass simulations. However, El Niño years have the potential to become even warmer and drier than during usual conditions without deforestation. This could favor an increase in the formation of tropical cyclones. Whether deforestation will lead to a permanent transition to agricultural production increases in this region cannot be concluded. Rather, the impact of deforestation will be an additional threat besides global warming in the next decades due to the increase in the occurrence of multiple extreme events. This may change the type and severity of upcoming impacts and the vulnerability and sustainability of our society.
Merja Tölle. Impact of Deforestation on Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength and Climate in Southeast Asia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6140 .
AMA StyleMerja Tölle. Impact of Deforestation on Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength and Climate in Southeast Asia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerja Tölle. 2020. "Impact of Deforestation on Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength and Climate in Southeast Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6140.
The energy and water cycle of the regional climate is influenced by the phenological development of the vegetation through albedo, sensible and latent heat flux changes. This influences near surface temperature, precipitation and ultimately the boundary layer structure. The phenological stages in turn depend on temperature, day length, water availability and net primary productivity variations. Therefore, vegetation should play an important role in climate simulations. The current implementation of the seasonal vegetation development in the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM, COSMO 5.0 clm15), represented in the model by the leaf area index (LAI), the root depth or plant coverage, assumes a static, annually recurring cycle. In reality, it varies from year to year depending on the environmental conditions. In particular, the phenology will change with climate change modifying the environment. In this study, we implement the approach of Knorr et al. (2010) to improve the representation of the phenology in CCLM with 3 km horizontal resolution by temperature, day length and water availability. Here, the tuning parameters of the growth rate for grass is adapted from Schulz et al. (2015). Convection-permitting single column simulations are performed over the Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory, the FACE measuring site at Linden close to Gießen, and the TR32 measuring site at Selhausen close to Jülich in Germany. Comparisons of LAI results with observations show significantly improved correlations compared to simulations with the standard phenology over the period from 1999 to 2015. The reaction of the LAI due to years with extreme warm winter and spring or years with extreme dry summer is improved as well. A warmer beginning of the year causes an earlier start of the growing season, whereas a drier summer reduces the LAI due to water limitation. It is also shown, that lower LAI values lead to decreases of latent heat fluxes in the model. The mean amount of strong precipitation events (> 20 mm) is closer to the observations with the new phenology compared to the standard phenology. Further seasonally varying phenology for different plant functional types and its net primary productivity will be implemented in future work.
Ackowledgement:
Computational resources were made available by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) through support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (BMBF). We acknowledge the funding of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant nr. 401857120.
Literature:
Knorr, W. et al., 2010. Carbon cycle data assimilation with a generic phenology model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 115(G4).
Schulz, J.-P., Vogel, G. & Ahrens, B., 2015. A new leaf phenology for the land surface scheme TERRA of the COSMO atmospheric model. COSMO Newsletter No. 15, p.21-29.
Eva Nowatzki; Jan-Peter Schulz; Jean-Marie Bettems; Jürg Luterbacher; Merja Tölle. A Seasonally Varying Phenology for High Resolution Simulations with the COSMO-CLM Model. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleEva Nowatzki, Jan-Peter Schulz, Jean-Marie Bettems, Jürg Luterbacher, Merja Tölle. A Seasonally Varying Phenology for High Resolution Simulations with the COSMO-CLM Model. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Nowatzki; Jan-Peter Schulz; Jean-Marie Bettems; Jürg Luterbacher; Merja Tölle. 2020. "A Seasonally Varying Phenology for High Resolution Simulations with the COSMO-CLM Model." , no. : 1.
According to IPCC, Land use and Land Cover (LC) changes have a key role to adapt and mitigate future climate change aiming to stabilize temperature rise up to 2°C. Land surface change at regional scale is associated to global climate change, such as global warming. It influences the earth’s water and energy cycles via influences on the heat, moisture and momentum transfer, and on the chemical composition of the atmosphere. These effects show variations due to different LC types, and due to their spatial and temporal resolutions. Thus, we incorporate a new time-varying land cover data set based on ESACCI into the regional climate model COSMO-CLM(v5.0). Further, the impact on the regional and local climate is compared to the standard operational LC data of GLC2000 and GlobCover 2009. Convection-permitting simulations with the three land cover data sets are performed at 0.0275° horizontal resolution over Europe for the time period from 1992 to 2015.
Overall, the simulation results show comparable agreement to observations. However, the simulation results based on GLC2000 and GlobCover 2009 (with 23 LC types) LC data sets show a fluctuation of 0.5K in temperature and 5% of precipitation. Even though the LC is classified into the same types, the difference in LC distribution and fraction leads to variations in climate simulation results. Using all of the 37 LC types of the ESACCI-LC data set show noticeable differences in distribution of temperature and precipitation compared to the simulations with GLC2000 and GlobCover 2009. Especially in forest areas, slight differences of the plant cover type (e.g. Evergreen or Deciduous) could result in up to 10% differences (increase or decrease) in temperature and precipitation over the simulation domain. Our results demonstrate how LC changes as well as different land cover type effect regional climate. There is need for proper and time-varying land cover data sets for regional climate model studies. The approach of including ESACCI-LC data set into regional climate model simulations also improved the external data generation system.
We anticipate this research to be a starting point for involving time-varying LC data sets into regional climate models. Furthermore, it will give us a possibility to quantify the effect of time-varying LC data on regional climate accurately.
Acknowledgement:
1: Computational resources were made available by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) through support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (BMBF). We acknowledge the funding of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant NR. 401857120.
2: Appreciation for the support of Jürg Luterbacher and Eva Nowatzki.
Mingyue Zhang; Jürgen Helmert; Merja Tölle. Impact of different and time-varying land cover data sets in a regional climate model on regional and local climate over Europe. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMingyue Zhang, Jürgen Helmert, Merja Tölle. Impact of different and time-varying land cover data sets in a regional climate model on regional and local climate over Europe. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingyue Zhang; Jürgen Helmert; Merja Tölle. 2020. "Impact of different and time-varying land cover data sets in a regional climate model on regional and local climate over Europe." , no. : 1.
Land-Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) play a fundamental role in land-atmosphere interactions, since they mainly regulate the exchange of latent and sensible heat between the ground and the upper air, while they control the amount of shortwave radiation absorbed by the ground. In this study, we make an attempt to investigate the biogeophysical effects of extreme land cover changes on soil variables, such as soil temperature and soil moisture. In particular, we analyze a multi-model ensemble of nine different regional climate model simulations, which had been performed over the Euro-CORDEX domain in the frame of the WCRP CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales). We compare two idealized experiments: a maximally forested (called FOREST) and a fully grassed Europe (called GRASS). According to our results, the soil temperature response to forestation varies among the climate models. They show a profound seasonality and dependence by latitude. In winter, the magnitude of soil temperature changes is considered weak, showing a warming in high latitudes (around +1oC on average) and a weak cooling over the Mediterranean region. During the summertime, in contrast, soil temperatures are higher in the GRASS experiment, especially in Central and Southern Europe (ranging from +1oC to +3oC depending to the model), underlying the essential role of soil moisture in determining the land-atmosphere feedbacks during the summer. In our contribution, we will present in detail the role of forest and grass characteristics and its effects on seasonal soil conditions across Europe[DR1] .
Giannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard Davin; Ronny Meier; Diana Rechid; Peter Hoffmann; Susanna Strada; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Lisa Jach; Pedro Soares; Daniela Lima; Rita Margarida Cardoso; Merja Tolle; Marcus Breil; Gustav Standberg. Forestation effects on soil temperature across the European continent. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGiannis Sofiadis, Eleni Katragkou, Edouard Davin, Ronny Meier, Diana Rechid, Peter Hoffmann, Susanna Strada, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Lisa Jach, Pedro Soares, Daniela Lima, Rita Margarida Cardoso, Merja Tolle, Marcus Breil, Gustav Standberg. Forestation effects on soil temperature across the European continent. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannis Sofiadis; Eleni Katragkou; Edouard Davin; Ronny Meier; Diana Rechid; Peter Hoffmann; Susanna Strada; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Lisa Jach; Pedro Soares; Daniela Lima; Rita Margarida Cardoso; Merja Tolle; Marcus Breil; Gustav Standberg. 2020. "Forestation effects on soil temperature across the European continent." , no. : 1.
Meteorological droughts have large impacts on society and the environment. A better understanding and quantification of their occurrences can be highly relevant for the development of proper climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience strategies. Here we examine meteorological droughts from observed data covering the 1971‐2000 period for the Fulda catchment in Germany by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index. The joint dependency of drought duration and severity is modeled by a copula function, which relates their univariate distributions in a functional relationship. Recurrence intervals are further calculated as a function of the joint relationship and univariate marginals. Future projections are investigated in which downscaled EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections for the period 2021‐2050 are used together with the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5, in order to analyze and compare future joint patterns of duration and severity of events. We find that drought duration and severity present a clear interdependency supporting the choice of a bivariate model. Results suggest substantial differences in the future joint relationship duration‐severity. Depending on the RCM and RCP, drought patterns show different magnitude of changes in the future. The projected changes are different for the different returns periods. RCP8.5 shows more severe events and longer drought durations than RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. The uncertainties of the projected patterns also depend on the RCP and RCM and are larger for higher return periods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Alejandro Chamorro; Martin Ivanov; Merja Helena Tölle; Jürg Luterbacher; Lutz Breuer. Analysis of future changes in meteorological drought patterns in Fulda, Germany. International Journal of Climatology 2020, 40, 5515 -5526.
AMA StyleAlejandro Chamorro, Martin Ivanov, Merja Helena Tölle, Jürg Luterbacher, Lutz Breuer. Analysis of future changes in meteorological drought patterns in Fulda, Germany. International Journal of Climatology. 2020; 40 (13):5515-5526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Chamorro; Martin Ivanov; Merja Helena Tölle; Jürg Luterbacher; Lutz Breuer. 2020. "Analysis of future changes in meteorological drought patterns in Fulda, Germany." International Journal of Climatology 40, no. 13: 5515-5526.
The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1 K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation (well below −2 K in most regions), a widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.
Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison. Earth System Dynamics 2020, 11, 183 -200.
AMA StyleEdouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa L. Jach, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Kai Radtke, Mario Raffa, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Volker Wulfmeyer. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison. Earth System Dynamics. 2020; 11 (1):183-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. 2020. "Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 1: 183-200.
The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of Land Use Change (LUC) in Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe. Namely, two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, which is relatively robust across models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation, a widespread warming, or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty. In contrast, for precipitation, the representation of atmospheric processes dictates more directly the simulated response. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.
Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison. Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2019, 2019, 1 -31.
AMA StyleEdouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa L. Jach, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré, Kai Radtke, Mario Raffa, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Volker Wulfmeyer. Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison. Earth System Dynamics Discussions. 2019; 2019 ():1-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. 2019. "Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2019, no. : 1-31.
Edouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. Supplementary material to "Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison". 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleEdouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa L. Jach, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré, Kai Radtke, Mario Raffa, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Volker Wulfmeyer. Supplementary material to "Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison". . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdouard L. Davin; Diana Rechid; Marcus Breil; Rita M. Cardoso; Erika Coppola; Peter Hoffmann; Lisa L. Jach; Eleni Katragkou; Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré; Kai Radtke; Mario Raffa; Pedro M. M. Soares; Giannis Sofiadis; Susanna Strada; Gustav Strandberg; Merja H. Tölle; Kirsten Warrach-Sagi; Volker Wulfmeyer. 2019. "Supplementary material to "Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison"." , no. : 1.
Corrigendum: Sensitivity of European Temperature to Albedo Parameterization in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM Linked to Extreme Land Use Changes
Merja H. Tölle; Marcus Breil; Kai Radtke; Hans-Jürgen Panitz. Corrigendum: Sensitivity of European Temperature to Albedo Parameterization in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM Linked to Extreme Land Use Changes. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2019, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleMerja H. Tölle, Marcus Breil, Kai Radtke, Hans-Jürgen Panitz. Corrigendum: Sensitivity of European Temperature to Albedo Parameterization in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM Linked to Extreme Land Use Changes. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2019; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerja H. Tölle; Marcus Breil; Kai Radtke; Hans-Jürgen Panitz. 2019. "Corrigendum: Sensitivity of European Temperature to Albedo Parameterization in the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM Linked to Extreme Land Use Changes." Frontiers in Environmental Science 7, no. : 1.