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Andreina Milan
Università di Bologna

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Journal article
Published: 30 September 2019 in Urban Planning
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An urbanist actively involved in social housing, a prolific designer and a rigorous developer, Wilhelm Riphahn (1889–1963) fulfilled the controversial role of ‘modern architect’. An intellectual and professional who can be included among the most interesting—yet least studied—members of the German Neues Bauen, he was one of the protagonists of the exemplary neighbourhoods of Dammerstock (1929) in Karlsruhe. He designed several neighbourhoods on behalf of Gemeinnützige Wohnungsbau AG Köln. In the 1920s, his pragmatic and operative attitude enabled him to initiate a functional and aesthetic revolution in the conservative world of affordable construction, the outcomes of which went well beyond the period after World War II. From 1918 to 1938, Riphahn brought to completion social neighbourhoods that had a remarkable urban impact in the troubled political context of the Rhineland between the two wars. His tireless energy led to a profusion of work in the infrastructural reconstruction of the battered city of Cologne up to the years of the German economic boom. Riphahn left significant and vibrant construction projects, such as the Britisches Kulturinstitut (1950), the fine urban complex of the Kölner Oper (1954–1957) and the Schauspielhaus (1962). The article focuses on the Siedlungen of Cologne and compares their original compositional features and exemplary character, which continue to have an impact within the context of social housing.

ACS Style

Andreina Milan. Wilhelm Riphahn in Cologne (1913–1963): Urban Policies and Social Housing between Innovation and Conservation. Urban Planning 2019, 4, 134 -153.

AMA Style

Andreina Milan. Wilhelm Riphahn in Cologne (1913–1963): Urban Policies and Social Housing between Innovation and Conservation. Urban Planning. 2019; 4 (3):134-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Milan. 2019. "Wilhelm Riphahn in Cologne (1913–1963): Urban Policies and Social Housing between Innovation and Conservation." Urban Planning 4, no. 3: 134-153.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Civil Engineering and Architecture
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This paper analyses the evolution of the concept of public space in the European city in a diachronic framework, from its historical and foundational functions to the opportunity it provides to trigger regenerative strategies in socially and environmentally degraded urban contexts. The specificity of ‘potentially public’ spaces resides in their peripheral position inside metropolitan areas and in their episodic and fragmented character. This autonomy with respect to other typologies of free spaces appears to require the elaboration of specific analytical approaches and design models that move from the explicit recognition of the reticular structure of the territory. Examples of urban regeneration promoted in the last decade, in general supported by the European Union, open new perspectives on urban governance that are implicitly based upon the role of social inclusion in welfare and sustainability policies.

ACS Style

Andreina Milan; Luigi Oliva. The Place and the City: Trends in the Construction of the Public Space. Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014, 2, 82 -91.

AMA Style

Andreina Milan, Luigi Oliva. The Place and the City: Trends in the Construction of the Public Space. Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2014; 2 (2):82-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Milan; Luigi Oliva. 2014. "The Place and the City: Trends in the Construction of the Public Space." Civil Engineering and Architecture 2, no. 2: 82-91.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2013 in Sustainability
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During the twentieth century, with the advent of industrial society and globalization, the language of planning changed according to the shifts in construction and use of physical space. By borrowing terms and spatial forms from biology and cybernetics, industrial society and globalization increased the original semantic connotations. Moving from cognitive sciences, this paper outlines the definition of architecture as connective-collective intelligence and presents its implication in urban design. Spontaneous and commercial initiatives are redefining the communication form of urban life, affecting the procedures of the transmission of traditional knowledge. This approach to building environment is moving towards a complex multichannel interaction, involving both the individual and the collective experiences of space and technology. In describing some signs of that process, the authors outline new features that are changing the concept of sustainability in urban design.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino; Luigi Oliva; Marco Simonetti. Urban Architecture as Connective-Collective Intelligence. Which Spaces of Interaction? Sustainability 2013, 5, 2928 -2943.

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Margot Pellegrino, Luigi Oliva, Marco Simonetti. Urban Architecture as Connective-Collective Intelligence. Which Spaces of Interaction? Sustainability. 2013; 5 (7):2928-2943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino; Luigi Oliva; Marco Simonetti. 2013. "Urban Architecture as Connective-Collective Intelligence. Which Spaces of Interaction?" Sustainability 5, no. 7: 2928-2943.

Proceedings article
Published: 29 May 2013 in Urban Transport XIX
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A. Maahsen-Milan. ‘Imma summis mutare’: landscape of light and shadow in the heart of the city – Porta Susa’ Railway Station, Turin. Urban Transport XIX 2013, 1, 103 -121.

AMA Style

A. Maahsen-Milan. ‘Imma summis mutare’: landscape of light and shadow in the heart of the city – Porta Susa’ Railway Station, Turin. Urban Transport XIX. 2013; 1 ():103-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Maahsen-Milan. 2013. "‘Imma summis mutare’: landscape of light and shadow in the heart of the city – Porta Susa’ Railway Station, Turin." Urban Transport XIX 1, no. : 103-121.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2013 in Journal of Cultural Heritage
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In Italy, the 1980's and 1990's were the most fruitful timeframe for the debate on urban and monumental restoration; many valuable experimental interventions were made, which proved to be useful for the identification and finalization of methodological and operational strategies. In view of the subsequent technological evolution, such interventions and adjustments have shown to be of particular impact. Furthermore, the actual requirements need not only to replace obsolete installations but also to implement and upgrade the so-called reversibility criteria of such restoration interventions while integrating them with a new sustainability assessment and verification in terms of environmental, economic and energy sustainability. In this paper we describe two case studies of particular significance: (1) recovery and conversion of the former Convento di S. Croce (Turin) as university faculty; (2) preservative restoration of the Chiesa e Coro di S. Pelagia (Turin).

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Kristian Fabbri. Energy restoration and retrofitting. Rethinking restoration projects by means of a reversibility/sustainability assessment. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2013, 14, e41 -e44.

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Kristian Fabbri. Energy restoration and retrofitting. Rethinking restoration projects by means of a reversibility/sustainability assessment. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2013; 14 (3):e41-e44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Kristian Fabbri. 2013. "Energy restoration and retrofitting. Rethinking restoration projects by means of a reversibility/sustainability assessment." Journal of Cultural Heritage 14, no. 3: e41-e44.

Conference paper
Published: 30 October 2012 in Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum
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During the 20th century, with the advent of the industrial society and globalization, the language of planning changed according to the shifts in perception and use of physical space. By borrowing terms and spatial forms from biology and cybernetics, it increased their original semantic connotations. This paper outlines when the definition of architecture as connective-collective intelligence moved from cognitive sciences to urban design, where spontaneous and collective initiatives that redefined communication forms of urban life multiplied and intensified, both in developments and public space until it even affected the procedure of transmission of traditional knowledge.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino; Marco Simonetti; Luigi Oliva. Urban Architecture as Connective-collective Intelligence. Nodes and Resources of 'Sustainable Developments' in Times of Crisis. Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Margot Pellegrino, Marco Simonetti, Luigi Oliva. Urban Architecture as Connective-collective Intelligence. Nodes and Resources of 'Sustainable Developments' in Times of Crisis. Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino; Marco Simonetti; Luigi Oliva. 2012. "Urban Architecture as Connective-collective Intelligence. Nodes and Resources of 'Sustainable Developments' in Times of Crisis." Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 05 September 2012 in Eco-Architecture IV
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A. Maahsen-Milan. Between experimentation and validation: the Bavarian experience of eco-districts and urban regeneration policies. Eco-Architecture IV 2012, 1, 431 -441.

AMA Style

A. Maahsen-Milan. Between experimentation and validation: the Bavarian experience of eco-districts and urban regeneration policies. Eco-Architecture IV. 2012; 1 ():431-441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Maahsen-Milan. 2012. "Between experimentation and validation: the Bavarian experience of eco-districts and urban regeneration policies." Eco-Architecture IV 1, no. : 431-441.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2011 in Procedia Engineering
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Theatres and auditoria have only rarely been “virtuous” examples for energy use both for their peculiar space requirements and for the discontinuity of their use; such statement is even more true when such spaces are located and hosted within monumental buildings such as former churches or industrial areas; that is a quite frequent case in the Italian urban contest. To re-think critically the entire process - from political-planning decision-making to the managing phase – does represent a key step to prevent the decay and abandonment of works of great value and great architectonic and cultural significance. To that aim, three cases of architectonic and historic quality, located in Torino (Italy), are reviewed.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Marco Simonetti. Auditoria and Public Halls. The preserved Architectonic Heritage, in the Perspective of Sustainability. Procedia Engineering 2011, 21, 711 -720.

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Marco Simonetti. Auditoria and Public Halls. The preserved Architectonic Heritage, in the Perspective of Sustainability. Procedia Engineering. 2011; 21 ():711-720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Marco Simonetti. 2011. "Auditoria and Public Halls. The preserved Architectonic Heritage, in the Perspective of Sustainability." Procedia Engineering 21, no. : 711-720.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2010 in IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas
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Andreina Milan. Tausendfüssler and Brückenfamilie in Düsseldorf, (1950-1976). A technological and Symbolic Icon of the Post-War Reconstruction in Germany. IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas 2010, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Milan. Tausendfüssler and Brückenfamilie in Düsseldorf, (1950-1976). A technological and Symbolic Icon of the Post-War Reconstruction in Germany. IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas. 2010; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Milan. 2010. "Tausendfüssler and Brückenfamilie in Düsseldorf, (1950-1976). A technological and Symbolic Icon of the Post-War Reconstruction in Germany." IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas , no. : 1.

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Published: 30 August 2021
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Construction of infrastructural networks and landscape care often play opposite roles in the design of balanced urban spaces: sometimes, however, technology and environment co-exist and get harmonized in the creation of the so-called Gartenkunst as “natura artificialis”. Case Study: in summer 1972, in the occasion of the XX Olympic Games, Munich opened the Olympiapark-München, (called “Oypark”), synthesis of a multi-year plan of infrastructures for roads, services, residences, sports and leisure time. The vast area – on a surface of 300 hectares – attracts flows of visitors, sports amateurs or common pedestrians who stroll and bike along lawns and paths, or visit the areas on electric trains sightseeing the sweet hilly landscape. Olympiapark is more than just that : it represents the physical translation of the ideal conception of civil society in Germany after the second World War, a kind of “historical picture” of juvenile movements of the Sixties, mainly made up by pacifists and liberals.. That vis civile is reflected in the sophisticated simplicity of the Landschaftarchitektur as well as in the architectural works gathered – bright and inviting – around the artificial lake. Less known to the public is the fact that such an idyllic landscape was modelled on the ground of a huge dumpsite of war debris. Such deep symbolic value – to build a “place of peace and harmony” – is the interpretation key of a successful experiment of progressive planning. Since its very first conception (Günther Grzimek, 1968-72) both the plan and the park have been proof of a choice that can be surely defined as “environmentally sustainable” ante-litteram. Concept and Planning Principles. The project and its implementation are the result of five-year elaborations made by a high-level multi-disciplinary team coordinated by G. Behnisch & Partner and with the contribution of Frei Otto and Fritz Leonhardt. Planning design, formal quality and technological innovation merge into an articulated design of road-and-rail integrated mobility. Olympiapark is today among the urban places with the highest urban dynamism : the works of the “historical” district have been completed with other installations of high architectural level and value which have increased service quality and attractiveness both at urban and territorial level. In par-ticular, the Landmark of BMW-Museum | BMW-Welt and München Olympia-Einkaufszentrum – built at the intersection of the U3|U1 subway lines- attract huge flows of visitors and tourists. The subway station itself – recently re-styled – is a sort of super-place stolen to the metropolitan ano-nymity by means of colours and pictures. In fact, it is here, and in the three other subway stations, where most of the district life takes place, a district which is “nomadic” and at high-density of youngsters and students. Conclusions: Olypark – with its urban “archipelago”- can be considered as a key example of that willingness to harmonize environmental recovery, social mainstreaming and mobility : today the implementation of policies of Social Housing and the availability of integrated services are able to offer suggestions, inputs, models for the recovery of the European global city.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. War ruins, peace landscapes, metropolitan nomadism. [“Natura artificialis” and urban mobility | Olympiapark-München]. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. War ruins, peace landscapes, metropolitan nomadism. [“Natura artificialis” and urban mobility | Olympiapark-München]. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "War ruins, peace landscapes, metropolitan nomadism. [“Natura artificialis” and urban mobility | Olympiapark-München]." , no. : 1.

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Published: 30 August 2021
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The reuse of industrial buildings and the functional rehabilitation of dismantled structures are part of a consolidated operational practice which has generated, over the last decades, all over Europe, a considerable number of auditoria and theatres of small to medium size. In Italy, the constellation of special and experimental structures of the Turin-based theatre system, can be considered amongst the most vital and innovative in the European Union scenario. The practice of consolidation and functional activation of so-called “theatre ruins” includes many excellent examples in the architectonic and preservation field. The rehabilitation case of the former "Cinema-Teatro Astra" [Bonicelli, 1930 | Magnaghi, 2006] is a good example of philological restoration techniques intertwine with original technological solutions. The adoption of so-called “technological shells” is a factual answer to the requirement of harmonizing the preserved asset and reversibility criteria with contemporary architectonic expression.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Technological Shells | Technological Ruins. Experimental theatres between innovation and architectonic rehabilitation. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Technological Shells | Technological Ruins. Experimental theatres between innovation and architectonic rehabilitation. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "Technological Shells | Technological Ruins. Experimental theatres between innovation and architectonic rehabilitation." , no. : 1.

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Published: 30 August 2021
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Immaginare e costruire una città “sostenibile” non è idea nuova né originale frutto di ricerca accademica. Al contrario, tale iniziativa è avviata da un’amministrazione comunale che, sulla base di regolamenti e norme, richiede in modo concreto di prevedere interventi per nuove costruzioni o recupero che siano conformi ai principi della sostenibilità e del risparmio energetico. A questo concetto, delineato con chiarezza, manca tuttavia ancora un principio ordinatore che faccia dell’aggregazione urbana tout court una forma urbis coerente, esplicitandone cioè la riconoscibilità e identità. Il progetto FO-CE, per una “città lineare” tra Forlì e Cesena, incontra un sito caratterizzato da una consolidata struttura morfologica urbana e territoriale. Pertanto, ripensare una parte consistente del suo territorio, secondo regole insediative dis-continue rispetto all’ordinarietà delle scelte compiute nello scorso XX secolo, assume un valore affatto diverso. È l’incedere nel futuro con principi di prudenza, immaginando uno sviluppo dai ritmi più lenti, con l’uso parsimonioso dei suoli, il riutilizzo, laddove possibile, di strutture edilizie esistenti. L’atteggiamento che ne consegue rifiuta i grandi sistemi di colonizzazione urbana, mirando a ricucire dei brani, senza incorrere nei rischi del minimalismo o del mimetismo urbano. Progettare nel ‘palinsesto’ Forlimpopoli, minuscola città, posta sulla via Emilia, vanta una storia recente e remota di tutto riguardo. È contrassegnata dalla dimensione piccola – nella consistenza fisica – ma grande, nella capacità di superare la provvisorietà delle congiunture attuali. Come molte delle realtà che costellano la Romagna, la crescita è sostenuta dalla coscienza di una propria plurisecolare tradizione. Il centro storico mantiene nel tempo una forte identità culturale, sovrapponendosi, dopo le perturbazioni idrauliche alto-medievali, al sito dell’antica Forum Popilii. La statio romana attiva già dal i secolo d.C. è posta a presidio e sui sedimi di tre successivi tracciati dell’ager centuriato romagnolo1. Nella tardiva evoluzione tardomedievale,il sito munito per la difesa e il controllo territoriale – la Rocca di Salvaterra (1360-'65) – costituisce un caposaldo visivo dalla complessa e controversa valenza simbolica. Il tracciato ferroviario e la stazione di Forlimpopoli – ultima determinazione del Governo Pontificio – divengono, dopo la costruzione del 1861, un ‘fatto urbano’ perentorio tra gli assetti che la modernità post-unitaria istituisce. Esso è altresì decisivo nel dare impulso ai capitoli nuovi della storia urbana locale: la creazione di assialitá, alternative al percorso della vecchia via Emilia, si rivela strumento di formidabile efficacia nel determinare un processo insediativo, industriale e abitativo, indipendente dalla logiche espansive dell’impianto edificato. In tale prospettiva e, per sommi capi, la storia urbano-territoriale di Forlimpopoli moderna è già tracciata: esemplare la lettura del palinsesto corboziano che individua i tracciati e i sedimi delle trascorse strutture territoriali e urbane. Via via i lacerti del passato emergono con chiarezza, tra le contraddizioni che la recente narrazione dei piani urbani è in grado di restituire o cancellare. Le strutture nascoste del territorio Le vicende produttive delle principali industrie presenti – in particolare lo Zuccherificio SFIR – s'impostano su quella che è ora denominata via Togliatti, ossia il ramo esterno della via di San Rufillo. È dunque questo asse diagonale, di matrice antica, a richiamare la nostra attenzione nello studio della struttura morfologica e capace di generare un processo creativo per la prefigurazione di nuove possibili vicende urbane. Si tratta di un percorso che potrebbe coesistere alla centuriazione agraria, e che dal contado conduce alla Collegiata, l’antica Basilica rufilliana – quivi insediata già alla fine del secolo VI – su un’asta viaria che taglia e contraddice l’ordinata griglia urbana. Il valore, il ruolo e la permanenza di un topos ancor più remoto sembra essere testimoniato da resti di iscrizioni funerarie dedicate alla sacerdotessa Fullonia Tertullia consacrata al culto isiaco e che poco oltre incrocia un altro luogo di culto di origine antica, il San Leonardo in Schiova (già Schiva), ove si venera il simulacro della Madonna del Fuoco. La presenza di un luogo di inumazione sul tracciato extraurbano ne testimonia la valenza a livello territoriale oltre ad accreditare, in corrispondenza al trivium costituito dalle odierne vie S. Rufillo, P. Artusi e Zampeschi, la permanenza di un culto di divinità lunari (Iside, Osiride, Ecate) posto su un compitum (crocicchio) di consolidata riconoscibilità. È accertata anche qui la consuetudine – capillarmente diffusa nell’area romagnola sino all’epoca tardo-imperiale – di mutuare nel cristianesimo, con minime variazioni, i culti inestirpabili della pietas pagana. È quindi significativo che sia proprio questo l’asse viario che incrocia il tracciato antico della via consolare (attuale via A. Saffi), corrispondendo all’isolato di fondazione romana, su cui insiste l’attuale scuola elementare “Edmondo de Amicis”, dell’ex monastero di San Giovanni. Il progetto ne assume la valenza di nuovo magnete, capace di fare “città” in un coagulo di attività commerciali e civili che richiamano la basilica civile, il mercato coperto, luogo di nuove e diverse socializzazioni. I mutevoli volti della modernità...

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Rigenerazione urbana a Forlimpopoli - Area progetto Forlimpopoli est. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Rigenerazione urbana a Forlimpopoli - Area progetto Forlimpopoli est. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "Rigenerazione urbana a Forlimpopoli - Area progetto Forlimpopoli est." , no. : 1.

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Published: 30 August 2021
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This text intends to discuss the profile of three architects belonging to the past century: Enzo Venturelli, Claude Parent and Roger Anger. The aim is to compare their representations to prefigure their ideal towns. Interest is even greater, if we hypothesize and sustain the existence of a link be-tween these three personalities which is far from being simply indirect. A new interpretation of the three authors highlights common cultural aspects. The identified links open up new prospects for investigation, substantiated by an exam of the works of these three architects. In particular, a spe-cific element is compared: the representation – through the drawing – of a model town based on innovative, spatial organization in architecture both in terms of structure and shape. This proposal anticipates the “town of the future” in its different utopian, ideal or alternative aspects, also in view of their subsequent, cultural influence.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino. “Futurama II”. Tracking the ‘Presence of the Future’ in Contemporary Architecture Representations. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Margot Pellegrino. “Futurama II”. Tracking the ‘Presence of the Future’ in Contemporary Architecture Representations. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Margot Pellegrino. 2021. "“Futurama II”. Tracking the ‘Presence of the Future’ in Contemporary Architecture Representations." , no. : 1.

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Only recently the discipline of architectonic heritage preservation has acquired the chapter of so-called “technological installations”. They also represent the main contribution given by the industrial revolution, since J. Watt onwards, to the building sector while introducing dynamic components and specific designing, building and assembling rules. Such solutions have followed up the historical development of architecture and technology throughout the 18th-20th century, so improving related performance levels. That has also changed their use habits – giving birth to the concept of “comfort”- as well as night-time functioning thanks to the artificial lighting of buildings and manufactured articles. There is a limited number of architectonic heritage works which are preserved because of their technologically-innovative features: Villa Hügel (1873), Essen is among those monuments whose installation features clearly prevail on its architecture.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Technological experimentation and heritage: the preservation of installations.[Villa Hügel,Essen]. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. Technological experimentation and heritage: the preservation of installations.[Villa Hügel,Essen]. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "Technological experimentation and heritage: the preservation of installations.[Villa Hügel,Essen]." , no. : 1.

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Premise – One on big mistake in restoration and retrofit project are technical plant installation impact. In order to solve this kinds of problems in the course of the 80’s and 90’s of the 20th century - in Italy, the most fruitful timeframe for the debate on urban and monumental restoration – many valuable experimental interventions were made, which proved to be useful for the identification and finalization of methodological and operational strategies. Their exploitation and re-use requested however the set-up and retrofitting of installations key for the development of the recovery project. In view of the subsequent technological evolution, such interventions and adjustments have shown to be of particular impact. Furthermore the actual requirements needs, not only to replace obsolete installations but also to implement and upgrade the so-called reversibility criteria of such restoration interventions while integrating them with a new sustainability assessment and verification in terms of environmental, economic and energy sustainability. Objectives – Identification, by means of SWOT Analysis methodology, of retrofitting solutions for technical installations (heating, cooling and HVAC) vis-à-vis their interface with the architectural asset and the inherent project characteristics of installation devices. The aim is to show the efficacy of the solutions applied for the integration of the installation sub-systems chosen to guarantee the best micro-climate conditions.” Methods – Use of the “as build” [ex-post] verification vis-à-vis two sample cases of particular significance : 1) Turin, Recovery of the former Convento di S. Croce (16th-17th century) as university site – project by: A. Magnaghi et alia, 1980; 2) Turin, Preservative Restoration of the Chiesa e Coro di S. Pelagia, 17th century - project by: A. Magnaghi et alia]. In that respect, the following aspects are taken into consideration : a) the type characteristics of the installations made at the time of their deployment (1985) in comparison with the current installation solutions that could be potentially applied; b) the technological elements that led to the main project choices with verification of the geometric-functional parameters of the technological upgrade/retrofitting to confirm/disconfirm the related application ; c) the peculiar and autonomous features of the architectural intervention in the preservative restoration vis-à-vis the effects of the occurred historicizing of the intervention itself, i.e. the subsistence of qualifying elements that can co-exist with the different phases in the lifespan of the monumental building/unit. Conclusions – The combined use of two analytical tools can lead towards a more balanced assessment of the restoration intervention and the technological-functional retrofitting of the preserved works of art/heritage.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Kristian Fabbri. "Energy Restoration and Retrofitting" - Rethinking Restoration Projects by Means of a Reversibility/Sustainability Assessment. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan, Kristian Fabbri. "Energy Restoration and Retrofitting" - Rethinking Restoration Projects by Means of a Reversibility/Sustainability Assessment. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan; Kristian Fabbri. 2021. ""Energy Restoration and Retrofitting" - Rethinking Restoration Projects by Means of a Reversibility/Sustainability Assessment." , no. : 1.

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The forces governing the “rights” and the conflicting interests of the earth and the sea in the relationship between gea and thalassa is an age-old conflict: a physical and literary topos mediated by a lingua franca, made of stone and of different civilizations. We are obviously talking about the Mediterranean city. Cosmogony and Hierophany, handed down in traditional and pre-modern cultures,show the intimate link between Cosmos and Chaos, whose intensity and permanence have permeated the lives, the customs and the visual and spatial experiences of Mediterranean populations3.In the Mediterranean, two cultures met and clashed. They had experienced the sea from vastly different perspectives due to their diverse approaches and mindsets. Even Hesiod, in The Theogony, recalls how Pèlagos, plaga (lat.), i.e. ‘water plane’, is an expanse “without sweet union of love”.“Sea”, where the deity appears as a terrifying threat to Man. The ancient Mediterranean sea gods show indifference, or even more often are hostile towards activities carried out on the sea or on its shores. At the height of its development and domination of maritime trade, the Greek-Mycenaean civilization venerated the cult of Poseidon [ποσειδῶν], numen of sea and horses. At first superior even to Zeus, he transformed himself into a god of conflict, having lost his primacy in the Cosmos. His resentful and wicked nature toward humans is revealed in outbreaks of chthonic elements and forces: his epithet was έ(ν)νοσίγαιος (“earth shaker”), cause of earthquakes and cataclysms. Although known by a different name in the Mediterranean, the god of the sea showed a common trait in his hot-tempered and greedy temperament, placated and satisfied only by sacrifices and festivals [Geroèstie] in his honour.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. “The Withdrawn Sea” Urbanistic Paradigm of Mediterranean Cities: Role/Meaning/Function. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. “The Withdrawn Sea” Urbanistic Paradigm of Mediterranean Cities: Role/Meaning/Function. . 2021; ():1.

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Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "“The Withdrawn Sea” Urbanistic Paradigm of Mediterranean Cities: Role/Meaning/Function." , no. : 1.

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Published: 30 August 2021
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European towns are going through their umpteenth and uncertain structural phase intertwining, with unpredictable outcomes, with scenarios of economic recession and crisis in life-style models. “Town recoding” indicates the set of actions aimed at containing urban hypertrophy, while responding to the demand for housing, mobility and quality services at affordable costs. Many solutions from Urban Renewal– from densification to spacing and retrofitting – do not sufficiently consider the issues linked to the perception of (and demand for) urban safety and security . The creation of “grey areas”, at risk of degradation in residential districts and public spaces, may nullify the regeneration effects. From the Halensiedlung (Bern, Atelier 5, 1950) – to the latest eco-villages and eco-districts, the realization of ”happy de-growth” is taking shape, with anti-global features. Similarly, a great deal of Co-Housing initiatives applies a sort of “on-demand” neighbourhood, de facto scarcely “inclusive”.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”." , no. : 1.

Pdf document
Published: 30 August 2021
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European towns are going through their umpteenth and uncertain structural phase intertwining, with unpredictable outcomes, with scenarios of economic recession and crisis in life-style models. “Town recoding” indicates the set of actions aimed at containing urban hypertrophy, while responding to the demand for housing, mobility and quality services at affordable costs. Many solutions from Urban Renewal– from densification to spacing and retrofitting – do not sufficiently consider the issues linked to the perception of (and demand for) urban safety and security . The creation of “grey areas”, at risk of degradation in residential districts and public spaces, may nullify the regeneration effects. From the Halensiedlung (Bern, Atelier 5, 1950) – to the latest eco-villages and eco-districts, the realization of ”happy de-growth” is taking shape, with anti-global features. Similarly, a great deal of Co-Housing initiatives applies a sort of “on-demand” neighbourhood, de facto scarcely “inclusive”.

ACS Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Maahsen-Milan. 2021. "The re-codified town. Public space and “utopian pragmatism”." , no. : 1.

Pdf document
Published: 30 August 2021 in IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura
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Wilhelm Kreis (1873-1955) was a prominent architect and prestigious professor. He directed and conditioned choices while being ambiguously on the margins of political activity, he dominated the architectural scene for almost five decades. Kreis took part in and to a certain extent directed, as architect and master, part of major events in architectural and urban planning that involved the biggest German cities up to the fall of the Third Reich. Together with Bonatz, Behrens, Tessenow, Kreis can be considered one of the most influential and unparalleled leaders in German architectural culture - prophet of spirituality and watchman of values from Deutschtum, initially embodied by the Prussian Reich, and subsequently by the Third Reich. His contribution – combining themes and shapes taken from historical tradition – only partially qualifies him as a figure still linked to the ideological cornerstones of the second half of the 19th century.

ACS Style

Andreina Milan. “Under the sign of the Eagle”. German war memorials and cemeteries (1911-1945). IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura 2021, 3, 241 -260.

AMA Style

Andreina Milan. “Under the sign of the Eagle”. German war memorials and cemeteries (1911-1945). IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura. 2021; 3 (4):241-260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreina Milan. 2021. "“Under the sign of the Eagle”. German war memorials and cemeteries (1911-1945)." IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura 3, no. 4: 241-260.