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Prof. Dr. saad mekhilef
Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory(PEARL), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

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0 Converter
0 Energy
0 Energy Conversion
0 Power Electronics
0 Renewable Energy

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Energies
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Electric vehicles’ (EVs) technology is currently emerging as an alternative of traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. EVs have been treated as an efficient way for decreasing the production of harmful greenhouse gasses and saving the depleting natural oil reserve. The modern power system tends to be more sustainable with the support of electric vehicles (EVs). However, there have been serious concerns about the network’s safe and reliable operation due to the increasing penetration of EVs into the electric grid. Random or uncoordinated charging activities cause performance degradations and overloading of the network asset. This paper proposes an Optimal Charging Starting Time (OCST)-based coordinated charging algorithm for unplanned EVs’ arrival in a low voltage residential distribution network to minimize the network power losses. A time-of-use (ToU) tariff scheme is used to make the charging course more cost effective. The concept of OCST takes the departure time of EVs into account and schedules the overnight charging event in such a way that minimum network losses are obtained, and EV customers take more advantages of cost-effective tariff zones of ToU scheme. An optimal solution is obtained by employing Binary Evolutionary Programming (BEP). The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE-31 bus distribution system connected to numerous low voltage residential feeders populated with different EVs’ penetration levels. The results obtained from the coordinated EV charging without OCST are compared with those employing the concept of OCST. The results verify that incorporation of OCST can significantly reduce network power losses, improve system voltage profile and can give more benefits to the EV customers by accommodating them into low-tariff zones.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman; Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Adil Amin; Haider Ali; Inam Bari; Muhammad Sajid; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski; Anzar Mahmood; Saad Mekhilef. A Coordinated Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Charging Time for Network Power Loss Minimization. Energies 2021, 14, 5336 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen, Adil Amin, Haider Ali, Inam Bari, Muhammad Sajid, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Alex Stojcevski, Anzar Mahmood, Saad Mekhilef. A Coordinated Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Charging Time for Network Power Loss Minimization. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman; Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Adil Amin; Haider Ali; Inam Bari; Muhammad Sajid; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski; Anzar Mahmood; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "A Coordinated Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Charging Time for Network Power Loss Minimization." Energies 14, no. 17: 5336.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Energies
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The component count for the multilevel inverter has been a research topic for the last few decades. The higher number of power semiconductor devices and sources leads to a higher power loss with the complex control requirement. A new multilevel inverter topology employing the concept of half-Bridge modules is suggested in this paper. It requires a lower number of dc sources and power components. The inverter is controlled using a fundamental frequency switching scheme. With the basic unit being able to produce 13 level voltage waveforms with three dc voltage sources, higher-level inverter configuration has also been discussed in the paper. The performance of the topology is analyzed in the aspects of circuit parameters and found better when compared to similar topologies proposed in recent literature. The comparison provided in the paper set the benchmark of the proposed topology in terms of lower component requirements. The topology is also optimized with two voltage fixing algorithms for maximizing the number of levels for the given number of IGBTs, drivers and dc sources, and the observations are presented. The efficiency analysis gives the peak efficiency as 98.5%. The simulations were carried out using the PLECS software tool and validated using a prototype rated at 500 W. The results with several test conditions have been reported and discussed in the paper.

ACS Style

Muhyaddin Rawa; Prem P; Jagabar Mohamed Ali; Marif Siddique; Saad Mekhilef; Addy Wahyudie; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski. A New Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced DC Sources. Energies 2021, 14, 4709 .

AMA Style

Muhyaddin Rawa, Prem P, Jagabar Mohamed Ali, Marif Siddique, Saad Mekhilef, Addy Wahyudie, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Alex Stojcevski. A New Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced DC Sources. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhyaddin Rawa; Prem P; Jagabar Mohamed Ali; Marif Siddique; Saad Mekhilef; Addy Wahyudie; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Alex Stojcevski. 2021. "A New Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced DC Sources." Energies 14, no. 15: 4709.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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The photovoltaic power is exposed to several weather conditions issues like partial shading, rapid change, and non-uniformities. Accordingly, this paper contributes to managing and controlling a decentralized cluster of DC Microgrids subjected to influences of PV outputs on system performances. To maintains the bus voltage stability, overcomes power mismatches, and mitigating stress on energy storage devices under fixed and varying temperature scenarios, this paper proposes cooperating energy management with dual-loop structure-based high dynamic control, where reference currents of bus voltage regulator compensate energy management setpoints to overcome their decisions' uncertainty. The findings revealed less perturbed bus voltage under balanced temperatures with irradiances with a deviation of [−1.25, 1.33](%), contrasted to fixed temperature with increasing irradiances scenario [−1.6, 1.96](%). Strengthened by optimized average root-mean-square-errors (RMSE) of inductor currents and bus voltage with 0.25(A), 0.13 (V) versus 0.34(A), 0.27 (V), homogenous weather conditions preserve smooth power-flowing under robust control. In the power-flowing stability context, the system was more smoothed and efficient 92.7% preserving balanced temperatures with irradiances, so it was more disturbing and low efficient 92.08% despite maintaining lower temperature. Consequently, non-uniform increases of the ambient temperatures with radiation intensity negatively disturb the system's functioning despite tracking higher PV power.

ACS Style

Mohamed Amine Hartani; Messaoud Hamouda; Othmane Abdelkhalek; Saad Mekhilef. Impacts assessment of random solar irradiance and temperature on the cooperation of the energy management with power control of an isolated cluster of DC-Microgrids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 47, 101484 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Amine Hartani, Messaoud Hamouda, Othmane Abdelkhalek, Saad Mekhilef. Impacts assessment of random solar irradiance and temperature on the cooperation of the energy management with power control of an isolated cluster of DC-Microgrids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 47 ():101484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Amine Hartani; Messaoud Hamouda; Othmane Abdelkhalek; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Impacts assessment of random solar irradiance and temperature on the cooperation of the energy management with power control of an isolated cluster of DC-Microgrids." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47, no. : 101484.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Electronics
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This work describes an optimum utilization of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)—wind energy for residential buildings on its occurrence with a newly proposed autonomous fuzzy controller (AuFuCo). In this regard, a virtual model of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and PV system (each rated at 2 kW) are constructed in a MATLAB Simulink environment. An autonomous fuzzy inference system is applied to model primary units of the controller such as load forecasting (LF), grid power selection (GPS) switch, renewable energy management system (REMS), and fuzzy load switch (FLS). The residential load consumption pattern (4 kW of connected load) is allowed to consume energy from the grid and hybrid resources located at the demand side and classified as base, priority, short-term, and schedulable loads. The simulation results identify that the proposed controller manages the demand side management (DSM) techniques for peak load shifting and valley filling effectively with renewable sources. Also, energy costs and savings for the home environment are evaluated using the proposed controller. Further, the energy conservation technique is studied by increasing renewable conversion efficiency (18% to 23% for PV and 35% to 45% for the VAWT model), which reduces the spending of 0.5% in energy cost and a 1.25% reduction in grid demand for 24-time units/day of the simulation study. Additionally, the proposed controller is adapted for computing energy cost (considering the same load pattern) for future demand, and it is exposed that the PV-wind energy cost reduced to 6.9% but 30.6% increase of coal energy cost due to its rise in the Indian energy market by 2030.

ACS Style

MohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Raju Kannadasan; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Abu Jahid; Ayman Aly. Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment. Electronics 2021, 10, 1618 .

AMA Style

MohanaSundaram Anthony, Valsalal Prasad, Raju Kannadasan, Saad Mekhilef, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Abu Jahid, Ayman Aly. Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment. Electronics. 2021; 10 (14):1618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

MohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Raju Kannadasan; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Abu Jahid; Ayman Aly. 2021. "Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment." Electronics 10, no. 14: 1618.

Original paper
Published: 26 June 2021 in International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications
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Multilevel inverters (MLI) have become an integral component in many industrial applications including drive systems and distributed generation grid integrated systems. Efficient and cost-effective MLI topologies are required to enhance the performance of industrial systems. In the present work, an asymmetric double H-bridge MLI is proposed, which incorporates and enhances the attributes of a modified T-type converter and produces a superior output voltage waveform with the lesser component requirement. The proposed MLI can generate a 15-level output. An extendable generalized topology (cascaded) based on the proposed configuration has also been proposed. The topology is compared with recently introduced MLI topologies based on various performance parameters, and results are presented. The output voltage control is achieved using nearest level control which is a low switching frequency modulation technique for lowering the switching losses in the inverter. The hardware is realized, and performance is evaluated under different dynamically changing loading conditions.

ACS Style

Marif Daula Siddique; Atif Iqbal; Adil Sarwar; Saad Mekhilef. Analysis and implementation of a new asymmetric double H‐bridge multilevel inverter. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Marif Daula Siddique, Atif Iqbal, Adil Sarwar, Saad Mekhilef. Analysis and implementation of a new asymmetric double H‐bridge multilevel inverter. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marif Daula Siddique; Atif Iqbal; Adil Sarwar; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Analysis and implementation of a new asymmetric double H‐bridge multilevel inverter." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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In this paper, a voltage track optimizer (VTO)- based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for photovoltaic systems under challenging partial shading conditions (PSC) is presented. The proposed method aims to optimize the operating voltage track while searching for the global maximum power peak (GMPP). This is achieved by bounding the search area by dynamic lower and upper voltage limits. In addition, an improved skipping mechanism is integrated to avoid scanning the unnecessary areas that do not contain the GMPP by exploiting the critical observations in the P-V and I-V curves. Furthermore, the initial operating voltage is exploited to accelerate the tracking speed. By doing so, the voltage track length is drastically reduced, which results in reducing the tracking time. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated against two recent GMPPT methods, namely improved team game optimization and modified maximum power trapezium through MATLAB/Simulink environment. Besides, the simulation results are verified experimentally via a buck-boost converter. The obtained results prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm against the compared algorithms in terms of voltage track length, tracking speed, and transient energy losses.

ACS Style

Houssam Deboucha; Mostefa Kermadi; Saad Mekhilef; Sofia Lalouni. Voltage Track Optimizer Based Maximum Power Point Tracker Under Challenging Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2021, 36, 13817 -13825.

AMA Style

Houssam Deboucha, Mostefa Kermadi, Saad Mekhilef, Sofia Lalouni. Voltage Track Optimizer Based Maximum Power Point Tracker Under Challenging Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; 36 (12):13817-13825.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Houssam Deboucha; Mostefa Kermadi; Saad Mekhilef; Sofia Lalouni. 2021. "Voltage Track Optimizer Based Maximum Power Point Tracker Under Challenging Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 12: 13817-13825.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
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In this paper, an Improved Social Ski Driver based MPPT algorithm (ISSD-MPPT) has been proposed. Single dynamic tuning parameter making the algorithm implementation simpler as compared to the others. Besides, the ISSD-MPPT also increased the convergence speed (CS) by 38.75% compared to the conventional Social Ski Driver algorithm (SSD). Then, a new approach to increase the response speed during load variations, which is applicable in any conventional dc-dc converter, has been proposed. Different complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs) were tested on a buck-boost converter with an average tracking time less than 1s and a tracking efficiency of 99.8%. The MPPT rating through rating computation technique proved the proposed method consists of a higher number of features, with fast CS for irradiance and load variations, along with the low power fluctuations during the tracking state.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2021. "Improved Social Ski Driver-Based MPPT for Partial Shading Conditions Hybridized with Constant Voltage Method for Fast Response to Load Variations." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Original article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems
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It is essential to consider chattering alleviation of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) design along with providing the system convergence regardless of initial states utilizing the fixed-time stability notion. Unknown states and disturbance are two major issues in practical applications, which can be effectively solved by using sliding mode observers. This paper deals with state and disturbance Observers-based Chattering-Free Fixed-time SMC (OCFFSMC) design for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with unknown disturbance, while only the first state is measured physically. A new form of the combined observer-controller is designed to provide estimated data of unknown disturbance and unmeasured states in the control law. The designed disturbance observer-based sliding mode controller is not only capable of estimating unknown disturbance but also capable of alleviating the chattering problem in the control signal. Based on defining a new form of the sliding surface, a new control law is designed to alleviate chattering problem and achieve trajectory tracking in a fixed time independently of initial conditions. The fixed-time stability proof of the closed-loop system is obtained using Lyapunov stability theory. The validity of the proposed control scheme, OCFFSMC, is verified by applying two examples and simulating in Simulink/MATLAB.

ACS Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi; Andrzej Ordys; Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi; Saad Mekhilef; Hemanshu Roy Pota. State and disturbance observers‐based chattering‐free fixed‐time sliding mode control for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems. Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems 2021, e81 .

AMA Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi, Andrzej Ordys, Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi, Saad Mekhilef, Hemanshu Roy Pota. State and disturbance observers‐based chattering‐free fixed‐time sliding mode control for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems. Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems. 2021; ():e81.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi; Andrzej Ordys; Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi; Saad Mekhilef; Hemanshu Roy Pota. 2021. "State and disturbance observers‐based chattering‐free fixed‐time sliding mode control for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems." Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems , no. : e81.

Research article
Published: 30 May 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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The assimilation of wind energy into the conventional grid brings several considerable challenges when uncertainties are considered. The uncertainties, including the occurrence of three-phase fault and lightning fault, are considered to analyze the reliability and performance of the wind energy system. So, a study is a prerequisite for the power system, including wind farm (WF), voltage source converter (VSC), and lightning voltage and current phenomena. Therefore, the present work deals with the generation of lightning envelopes of impulse voltage and current and rectangular pulse current by considering the realistic equivalent circuit. The generated impulse voltage acting as a lightning fault is then implemented on the 3-phase terminals of grid-connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Integrated Power System (WIPS), which includes six wind turbines (WT) of 1.5 MW each and 120 kV, 60 Hz grid. A 3-phase short circuit fault is applied further to compare the output responses of the DFIG-based WIPS. The system's behavior under both faults is observed by determining the controller gain values. The gains, including proportional (kp) and integral (ki) of a sixth-order transfer function for Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), have been determined by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A reliability assessment of VSC considering DC voltage is done using the Monte-Carlo (MC) method, considering the lightning impulse voltage (LIV) as a major cause of converter failure. It is found that the DFIG-based WIPS achieves considerable responses under both types of faults by obtaining the optimal controller values. It has been also observed that the reduction in the number of failures that occurred in VSC during the lightning strike improves the system's reliability.

ACS Style

Sachin Kumar; Kumari Sarita; Ram K. Saket; Dharmendra Kumar Dheer; Ramesh C. Bansal; Saad Mekhilef. Reliability assessment for DFIG ‐based WECS considering the impact of 3‐phase fault and lightning impulse voltage. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12952 .

AMA Style

Sachin Kumar, Kumari Sarita, Ram K. Saket, Dharmendra Kumar Dheer, Ramesh C. Bansal, Saad Mekhilef. Reliability assessment for DFIG ‐based WECS considering the impact of 3‐phase fault and lightning impulse voltage. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (8):e12952.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sachin Kumar; Kumari Sarita; Ram K. Saket; Dharmendra Kumar Dheer; Ramesh C. Bansal; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Reliability assessment for DFIG ‐based WECS considering the impact of 3‐phase fault and lightning impulse voltage." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 8: e12952.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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This work presents a complete bond graph modeling of a hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell-electrolyzer-battery system. These are multi-physics models that will take into account the influence of temperature on the electrochemical parameters. A bond graph modeling of the electrical dynamics of each source will be introduced. The bond graph models were developed to highlight the multi-physics aspect describing the interaction between hydraulic, thermal, electrochemical, thermodynamic, and electrical fields. This will involve using the most generic modeling approach possible for managing the energy flows of the system while taking into account the viability of the system. Another point treated in this work is to propose. In this work, a new strategy for the power flow management of the studied system has been proposed. This strategy aims to improve the overall efficiency of the studied system by optimizing the decisions made when starting and stopping the fuel cell and the electrolyzer. It was verified that the simulation results of the proposed system, when compared to simulation results presented in the literature, that the hydrogen demand is increased by an average of 8%. The developed management algorithm allows reducing the fuel cell degradation by 87% and the electrolyzer degradation by 65%. As for the operating time of the electrolyzer, an increment of 65% was achieved, thus improving the quality of the produced hydrogen. The Fuel Cell's running time has been decreased by 59%. With the ambition to validate the models proposed and the associated commands, the development of this study gave rise to the creation of an experimental platform. Using this high-performance experimental platform, experimental tests were carried out and the results obtained are compared with those obtained by simulation under the same metrological conditions.

ACS Style

Abd Essalam Badoud; Farid Merahi; Belkacem Ould Bouamama; Saad Mekhilef. Bond graph modeling, design and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/fuel cell/ electrolyzer/battery hybrid power system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 24011 -24027.

AMA Style

Abd Essalam Badoud, Farid Merahi, Belkacem Ould Bouamama, Saad Mekhilef. Bond graph modeling, design and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/fuel cell/ electrolyzer/battery hybrid power system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (47):24011-24027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abd Essalam Badoud; Farid Merahi; Belkacem Ould Bouamama; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Bond graph modeling, design and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/fuel cell/ electrolyzer/battery hybrid power system." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 47: 24011-24027.

Conference paper
Published: 25 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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With the growing environmental concern, the demand for electric vehicle is increasing in India. However, the limited existing charging facilities slow down the rate of adoption in the market. Presently, the solar-based charging system is gaining popularity, due to its low greenhouse gas emission. In this study, a case study for different solar charging systems suited in Delhi is presented. The economic and environmental analysis of different solar-based EV charging systems utilized for charging three types of commercial EVs such as 2, 3, and 4-W is explained. The cost of energy required for 100 km drive is lower with vehicle integrating PV charging system; however, it can act as a supportive system for driving range improvement. The analysis shows that the economically solar rooftop charging system is suitable for all types of EVs. The CO2 emission produced by all types of solar-based EV charging systems is lower than coal-based charging systems.

ACS Style

Prashant Shrivastava; TeyKok Soon; Saad Mekhilef; Furkan Ahmad. Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 301 -315.

AMA Style

Prashant Shrivastava, TeyKok Soon, Saad Mekhilef, Furkan Ahmad. Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():301-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prashant Shrivastava; TeyKok Soon; Saad Mekhilef; Furkan Ahmad. 2021. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar-Powered EV Charging System in India—A Case Study." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 301-315.

Conference paper
Published: 25 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers achieve higher importance due to the high expansion rate of photovoltaic systems. The probability of partial shading conditions (PSCs) is also increased which drastically reduced the maximum power extraction capability from PV systems. In this paper, different types of MPPT algorithms using direct control method have been examined under the same test conditions. The current research trend on MPPT controllers has also been highlighted. This paper gives a brief description to engineers and practitioners working in the area of MPPT controllers.

ACS Style

Immad Shams; Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 253 -264.

AMA Style

Immad Shams, Karam Khairullah Mohammed, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey. Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():253-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Immad Shams; Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Saad Mekhilef; Kok Soon Tey. 2021. "Comparative Study for Different Types of MPPT Algorithms Using Direct Control Method." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 253-264.

Chapter
Published: 13 May 2021 in Studies in Infrastructure and Control
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The forecasting of output solar power improves the quality, reliability and stability of power system. The aim of this research is day-ahead prediction of PV output power for 3 solar systems. The three PV systems are polycrystalline, monocrystalline and thin-film systems. A deep learning technique (RNN-LSTM) is proposed for day-ahead prediction of solar power output. The regression [GPR, GPR(PCA) and machine learning [SVR, SVR(PCA)] techniques are also developed. The forecasting accuracy is compared based on accuracy measurement parameters such as RMSE, MSE, correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R2). One-year data for 2016 is considered for analysis. 70% of data is utilized for training and 30% for validation and testing. It is found that deep learning technique has better forecasting accuracy than other developed techniques in terms of lower (RMSE, MSE) and higher (R, R2), for day head forecasting of PV power output.

ACS Style

Muhammad Naveed Akhter; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Munir Azam Muhammad. A Day-Ahead Power Output Forecasting of Three PV Systems Using Regression, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. Studies in Infrastructure and Control 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Muhammad Naveed Akhter, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis, Munir Azam Muhammad. A Day-Ahead Power Output Forecasting of Three PV Systems Using Regression, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. Studies in Infrastructure and Control. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Naveed Akhter; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Munir Azam Muhammad. 2021. "A Day-Ahead Power Output Forecasting of Three PV Systems Using Regression, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques." Studies in Infrastructure and Control , no. : 1-14.

Research article
Published: 11 May 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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This paper proposes a new management algorithm and operation of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) connected to the power system. The whole hybrid system is managed in such a manner that it can produce as much needed by the grid system. The proposed algorithm is used to distribute proportionally the active and reactive power references to the PV source and wind generators according to their ability contribution. Based on the available active powers and the ability on reactive power of each sub‐system, the references are calculated using a proportional distribution algorithm and sent individually by the principal controller to each auxiliary controller. The analysis of the simulation results obtained under Matlab/Simulink shows the effectiveness of the proposed management algorithm and the flexibility of the hybrid renewable energy system studied.

ACS Style

Farid Merahi; Abd Essalam Badoud; Saad Mekhilef. A novel power management strategies in PV‐wind ‐based grid connected hybrid renewable energy system using proportional distribution algorithm. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12931 .

AMA Style

Farid Merahi, Abd Essalam Badoud, Saad Mekhilef. A novel power management strategies in PV‐wind ‐based grid connected hybrid renewable energy system using proportional distribution algorithm. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (7):e12931.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farid Merahi; Abd Essalam Badoud; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "A novel power management strategies in PV‐wind ‐based grid connected hybrid renewable energy system using proportional distribution algorithm." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 7: e12931.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in IEEE Access
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The control problem in wave energy continues to remain an open question. This is mainly attributed to the difficulties associated with developing effective, yet economically viable, wave energy-harnessing control strategies, such as resource irregularity, the multidisciplinary nature of the system, and dynamic model uncertainties and ambiguities. Herein, a maximum energy-capturing approach for heaving wave energy converters (WECs) using an estimator-based finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is proposed. The proposed control strategy utilizes an elaborate nonlinear wave-to-wire model of a heaving WEC. The FCS-MPC is formulated such that a control command trajectory is not required; instead, it searches for the optimum control law—in the form of switching functions—that maximizes the WEC converted electrical energy while imposing soft constraints on the states of the power take-off (PTO) mechanism. Current transducers are deployed to measure the PTO three-phase currents and both mechanical and electrical variables required by the FCS-MPC strategy are estimated using an electrical-based extended Kalman filter (E-EKF). Simulations were performed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Results presented herein clearly show that the proposed referenceless FCS-MPC managed to produce 10%–23% more energy compared with benchmark resistive loading-based techniques with both fixed and variable wave frequency capabilities while utilizing 18%–45% less PTO resources.

ACS Style

Mohammed Jama; Bisni Fahad Mon; Addy Wahyudie; Saad Mekhilef. Maximum Energy Capturing Approach for Heaving Wave Energy Converters Using an Estimator-Based Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 67648 -67659.

AMA Style

Mohammed Jama, Bisni Fahad Mon, Addy Wahyudie, Saad Mekhilef. Maximum Energy Capturing Approach for Heaving Wave Energy Converters Using an Estimator-Based Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():67648-67659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Jama; Bisni Fahad Mon; Addy Wahyudie; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Maximum Energy Capturing Approach for Heaving Wave Energy Converters Using an Estimator-Based Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control." IEEE Access 9, no. : 67648-67659.

Research article
Published: 02 May 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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Voltage source converters are important elements of grid‐connected microgrid, as these integrate distribution generators of microgrid with utility grid. Often due to lack of efficient and flexible control, these converters do not perform as per expectations. Many control methods based on dq current control theory had been developed for grid‐connected microgrids inverters to control power flow between microgrid and grid. However, all these controllers used phase locked loop systems for grid synchronization purposes, which possess slow dynamics and transient response. To overcome these issues, in this article, an improved real and reactive power control method for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid's bidirectional voltage source converter is proposed which is based on the dq current control theory without using phase locked loop system and Park transformation. The proposed power controller has possessed better dynamic performance compared with the conventional power controllers consisted of phase locked loop system. In addition, due to the elimination of phase locked loop system and park transformation not only the computational burden is reduced with the implementation of the proposed power controller, but also steady state performance is enhanced. The control hardware‐in‐loop real time simulation is carried out using real time digital simulator to validate the performance of the proposed power controller during transient state, steady state and power transfer mode by modeling a grid‐connected hybrid microgrid. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the settling time has improved to 0.08 second compared to 0.15 second of conventional controller, power ripples are significantly reduced, and total harmonic distortion of converter output current obtained is 2.226%.

ACS Style

Shameem Ahmad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12922 .

AMA Style

Shameem Ahmad, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis. An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (7):e12922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shameem Ahmad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. 2021. "An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 7: e12922.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Energy
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Microgrids are gaining increasing attention globally and becoming increasingly powered by photovoltaic (PV) systems, thereby requiring high-efficiency control to function as a microgrid distributed generation unit. Accordingly, this study presents an optimal control of a grid-connected Microgrid PV Source (MPVS) under partially shaded conditions. The objective is to ensure the MPVSs ability to rapidly and precisely deliver the amount of power assigned by the supervisory controller. Thus, MPVS must shift rapidly and smoothly between the maximum and intermediate power point modes. The proposed system is composed of PV array, grid emulators, and two converters coupled to a common DC bus. The control strategy of the boost converter is based on the combination of two algorithms: particle swarm optimization algorithm and the proposed intermediate power point tracker algorithm. The voltage source inverter is controlled to keep the DC bus voltage constant and inject the power to the grid, in which the voltage-oriented control technique is applied and combined with the phase-locked loop algorithm for voltage synchronization. Lastly, all control algorithms are implemented in a DSpace 1104 environment and largely tested under various partially shaded patterns.

ACS Style

A. Guichi; S. Mekhilef; E.M. Berkouk; A. Talha. Optimal control of grid-connected microgrid PV-based source under partially shaded conditions. Energy 2021, 230, 120649 .

AMA Style

A. Guichi, S. Mekhilef, E.M. Berkouk, A. Talha. Optimal control of grid-connected microgrid PV-based source under partially shaded conditions. Energy. 2021; 230 ():120649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Guichi; S. Mekhilef; E.M. Berkouk; A. Talha. 2021. "Optimal control of grid-connected microgrid PV-based source under partially shaded conditions." Energy 230, no. : 120649.

Research article
Published: 22 April 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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In this paper, the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for solar maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been proposed for quick and accurate tracking at different weather conditions and different load variations with high efficiency. The solar irradiance sensor does not always give accurate irradiance readings, plus the use of the sensor will be cost‐effective since the PV module is influenced by the solar irradiance. This paper proposed the ANFIS‐based MPPT with the elimination of the irradiance sensor. In addition to minimization of the data training, which leads to less computation burden. To enhance the response time of the system for fast varying load variations, the proposed method was combined with a constant impedance method. The proposed method is evaluated in various weather conditions. Experimental results indicate positive monitoring of the proposed method in all the different cases that were tested. A comparison of the proposed method with well‐established conventional (Perturb and Observe) and soft computing‐based particle swarm optimization methods have been evaluated. The results showed the superiority of the approach proposed in terms of the reduced tracking period. In addition, the proposed method provides fast convergence and obtains a steady state in less than 0.12 second.

ACS Style

Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Salinda Buyamin; Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef. Maximum power point tracking based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems for a photovoltaic system with fast varying load conditions. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12904 .

AMA Style

Karam Khairullah Mohammed, Salinda Buyamin, Immad Shams, Saad Mekhilef. Maximum power point tracking based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems for a photovoltaic system with fast varying load conditions. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (6):e12904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karam Khairullah Mohammed; Salinda Buyamin; Immad Shams; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Maximum power point tracking based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems for a photovoltaic system with fast varying load conditions." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 6: e12904.

Review
Published: 21 April 2021 in Energies
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Energy demand has been overgrowing in developing countries. Moreover, the fluctuation of fuel prices is a primary concern faced by many countries that highly rely on conventional power generation to meet the load demand. Hence, the need to use alternative resources, such as renewable energy, is crucial in order to mitigate fossil fuel dependency, while ensuring reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Algeria—being the largest county in Africa—has experienced a rapid growth in energy demand over the past decade due to the significant increase in residential, commercial, and industry sectors. Currently, the hydrocarbon-rich nation is highly dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation, with renewable energy only having a small contribution to the country’s energy mix. However, the country has massive potential for renewable energy generation, such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower. Therefore, the government aims to diversify away from fossil fuels and promote renewable energy generation through policies and renewable energy-related programs. The country’s Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan focuses on large scale solar, wind generation as well as geothermal and biomass technologies. This paper provides an update on the current energy position and renewable energy status in Algeria. Moreover, this paper discusses renewable energy (RE) policies and programs that aim to increase the country’s renewable energy generation and its implementation status.

ACS Style

Younes Zahraoui; M. Basir Khan; Ibrahim AlHamrouni; Saad Mekhilef; Mahrous Ahmed. Current Status, Scenario, and Prospective of Renewable Energy in Algeria: A Review. Energies 2021, 14, 2354 .

AMA Style

Younes Zahraoui, M. Basir Khan, Ibrahim AlHamrouni, Saad Mekhilef, Mahrous Ahmed. Current Status, Scenario, and Prospective of Renewable Energy in Algeria: A Review. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Younes Zahraoui; M. Basir Khan; Ibrahim AlHamrouni; Saad Mekhilef; Mahrous Ahmed. 2021. "Current Status, Scenario, and Prospective of Renewable Energy in Algeria: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9: 2354.

Article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems
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The chaotic support structures for offshore wind turbines are often subjected to a severe environment. A robust control scheme needs to be considered to maintain them in a safe operational limit. Robust sliding mode control (SMC) scheme can provide an excellent robust controller against this severe and challenging environment for these chaotic structures. This paper proposes a novel fixed-time adaptive sliding mode control scheme with a state observer to synchronize chaotic support structures for offshore wind turbines in the presence of matched parametric uncertainties. The proposed controller is a new integration of adaptive control concept, SMC method, fixed-time stability concept and a state observer. A fixed-time stability concept is used to provide stability for the system within a presented time regardless of initial conditions. The adaptive concept is utilized to provide an online estimator of the uncertain upper bound. Also, a nonlinear observer is employed to provide an online estimator of an unmeasured state in the controller. Lyapunov stability theorem is used to analyze fixed-time stability of the system based on SMC methodology. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller is able to ensure fixed-time synchronization along with providing precise means to estimate the unmeasured state as well as uncertainty upper bound.

ACS Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi; Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi; Saad Mekhilef; Hemanshu Roy Pota. Fixed-Time Adaptive Robust Synchronization with a State Observer of Chaotic Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 2021, 32, 942 -955.

AMA Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi, Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi, Saad Mekhilef, Hemanshu Roy Pota. Fixed-Time Adaptive Robust Synchronization with a State Observer of Chaotic Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems. 2021; 32 (4):942-955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi; Ali Soltani Sharif Abadi; Saad Mekhilef; Hemanshu Roy Pota. 2021. "Fixed-Time Adaptive Robust Synchronization with a State Observer of Chaotic Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines." Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 32, no. 4: 942-955.