This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Assessment of the effects of crop management practices on soil physical properties is largely limited to soil moisture content, air content or bulk density, which can take considerable time to change. However, soil pore space indices evolve rapidly and could quickly detect changes in soil properties resulting from crop management practices, but they are not often measured. The objective of this study was to investigate how soil pore space indices—relative gas diffusion coefficient (Ds/Do) and pore tortuosity factor (τ)—are affected by tillage system (TL), cover crop (CC) and crop rotation (CR). A study was conducted on silt loam soil at Freeman farm, Lincoln University of Missouri during the 2011 to 2013 growing seasons. The experiment design was a randomized complete block with two tillage systems (no tillage or no-till vs conventional tillage), two cover crops (no rye vs cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)) and four crop rotations (continuous corn (Zea mays L.), continuous soybean (Glycine max L.), corn–soybean and soybean–corn successions). All the treatments were replicated three times for a total of 48 experimental units. Soils were collected from two sampling depths (SD), 0–10 and 10–20 cm, in each treatment and soil physical properties, including bulk density (BD), air-filled porosity (AFP, fa) and total pore space (TPS, Φ), were calculated. Gas diffusivity models following AFP and/or TPS were used to predict Ds/Do and τ values. Results showed that, overall, Ds/Do was significantly increased in no-tilled plots planted to cereal rye in 2012 (p = 0.001) and in 2013 (p = 0.05). No-tilled continuous corn, followed by continuous soybean and no-tilled soybean–corn rotations had the highest Ds/Do values, respectively. In magnitude, Ds/Do was also increased in no-till plots at the lower depth (10–20 cm). No-tilled plots planted with cereal rye significantly reduced τ in 2012 (p = 0.001) and in 2013 (p = 0.05). Finally, at the upper depth (0–10 cm), the no-tilled corn–soybean rotation and the tilled soybean–corn rotation had the lowest τ. However, at the lower depth (10–20 cm), the four crop rotations were not significantly different in their τ values. These results can be useful to quickly assess the changes in soil physical properties because of crop management practices and make necessary changes to enhance agricultural resilience.
Dinesh Panday; Nsalambi Nkongolo. No Tillage Improved Soil Pore Space Indices under Cover Crop and Crop Rotation. Soil Systems 2021, 5, 38 .
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Nsalambi Nkongolo. No Tillage Improved Soil Pore Space Indices under Cover Crop and Crop Rotation. Soil Systems. 2021; 5 (3):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Nsalambi Nkongolo. 2021. "No Tillage Improved Soil Pore Space Indices under Cover Crop and Crop Rotation." Soil Systems 5, no. 3: 38.
Mustang valley in the central Himalaya of Nepal is a unique landscape formed by massive soil mass during a glacial period, which is attributed to a mix of vegetations and long agricultural history. Soil nutrients and their sourcing is highly important to understand the vegetation assemblage and land productivity in this arid zone. Twenty soil samples (from 0 to 20 cm depth) were collected from three landscape positions in Mustang district: valley, ridge, and midslope. We explored nutrient sourcing using natural abundance carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) employing isotope ratio mass spectrophotometry. The results showed that the total soil carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 0.3 to 10.5% and 0.3 to 0.7%, respectively. Similarly, the CN ratio ranged from 0.75 to 15.6, whereas soil pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.5. Valley soil showed higher values of TN, CN, and soil pH than the ridge and midslope soils. The valleys had more positive δ15N signatures than ridge and midslope, which indicates higher inorganic and organic N fertilizer inputs in the valley bottom than in the midslope and ridge. This suggests that a higher nutrient content in the valley bottom likely results from agro-inputs management and the transport of nutrients from the ridge and midslope. Soil pH and CN ratio were a non-limiting factor of nutrient availability in the study regions. These findings are crucial in understanding the nutrient dynamics and management in relation to vegetation and agricultural farming in this unique topography of the Trans-Himalayan zone of Mustang in central Nepal.
Roshan Ojha; Sujata Manandhar; Avishesh Neupane; Dinesh Panday; Achyut Tiwari. Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcing in High Elevation Landscapes of Mustang in Central Nepal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6171 .
AMA StyleRoshan Ojha, Sujata Manandhar, Avishesh Neupane, Dinesh Panday, Achyut Tiwari. Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcing in High Elevation Landscapes of Mustang in Central Nepal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoshan Ojha; Sujata Manandhar; Avishesh Neupane; Dinesh Panday; Achyut Tiwari. 2021. "Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcing in High Elevation Landscapes of Mustang in Central Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6171.
Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics that can help identify steps needed to enhance the research conducted in this field. Therefore, a detailed bibliometric analysis, including investigation of collaboration networks and citation patterns, should be conducted. The updated version of the Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT) database contains information about citation characteristics and publication type. Here, we investigated the impact of the number of authors, the publication type and the selected journal on the number of citations. Generalized boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling was used to evaluate the most relevant variables related to soil erosion modelling. Additionally, bibliometric networks were analysed and visualized. This study revealed that the selection of the soil erosion model has the largest impact on the number of publication citations, followed by the modelling scale and the publication's CiteScore. Some of the other GASEMT database attributes such as model calibration and validation have negligible influence on the number of citations according to the BRT model. Although it is true that studies that conduct calibration, on average, received around 30% more citations, than studies where calibration was not performed. Moreover, the bibliographic coupling and citation networks show a clear continental pattern, although the co-authorship network does not show the same characteristics. Therefore, soil erosion modellers should conduct even more comprehensive review of past studies and focus not just on the research conducted in the same country or continent. Moreover, when evaluating soil erosion models, an additional focus should be given to field measurements, model calibration, performance assessment and uncertainty of modelling results. The results of this study indicate that these GASEMT database attributes had smaller impact on the number of citations, according to the BRT model, than anticipated, which could suggest that these attributes should be given additional attention by the soil erosion modelling community. This study provides a kind of bibliographic benchmark for soil erosion modelling research papers as modellers can estimate the influence of their paper.
Nejc Bezak; Matjaž Mikoš; Pasquale Borrelli; Christine Alewell; Pablo Alvarez; Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache; Jantiene Baartman; Cristiano Ballabio; Marcella Biddoccu; Artemi Cerdà; Devraj Chalise; Songchao Chen; Walter Chen; Anna Maria De Girolamo; Gizaw Desta Gessesse; Detlef Deumlich; Nazzareno Diodato; Nikolaos Efthimiou; Gunay Erpul; Peter Fiener; Michele Freppaz; Francesco Gentile; Andreas Gericke; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Bifeng Hu; Amelie Jeanneau; Konstantinos Kaffas; Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani; Ivan Lizaga Villuendas; Changjia Li; Luigi Lombardo; Manuel López-Vicente; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Michael Maerker; Chiyuan Miao; Sirio Modugno; Markus Möller; Victoria Naipal; Mark Nearing; Stephen Owusu; Dinesh Panday; Edouard Patault; Cristian Valeriu Patriche; Laura Poggio; Raquel Portes; Laura Quijano; Mohammad Reza Rahdari; Mohammed Renima; Giovanni Francesco Ricci; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Sergio Saia; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Calogero Schillaci; Vasileios Syrris; Hyuck Soo Kim; Diogo Noses Spinola; Paulo Tarso Oliveira; Hongfen Teng; Resham Thapa; Konstantinos Vantas; Diana Vieira; Jae E. Yang; Shuiqing Yin; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Guangju Zhao; Panos Panagos. Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis. Environmental Research 2021, 197, 111087 .
AMA StyleNejc Bezak, Matjaž Mikoš, Pasquale Borrelli, Christine Alewell, Pablo Alvarez, Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache, Jantiene Baartman, Cristiano Ballabio, Marcella Biddoccu, Artemi Cerdà, Devraj Chalise, Songchao Chen, Walter Chen, Anna Maria De Girolamo, Gizaw Desta Gessesse, Detlef Deumlich, Nazzareno Diodato, Nikolaos Efthimiou, Gunay Erpul, Peter Fiener, Michele Freppaz, Francesco Gentile, Andreas Gericke, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Bifeng Hu, Amelie Jeanneau, Konstantinos Kaffas, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Ivan Lizaga Villuendas, Changjia Li, Luigi Lombardo, Manuel López-Vicente, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Michael Maerker, Chiyuan Miao, Sirio Modugno, Markus Möller, Victoria Naipal, Mark Nearing, Stephen Owusu, Dinesh Panday, Edouard Patault, Cristian Valeriu Patriche, Laura Poggio, Raquel Portes, Laura Quijano, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, Mohammed Renima, Giovanni Francesco Ricci, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Sergio Saia, Aliakbar Nazari Samani, Calogero Schillaci, Vasileios Syrris, Hyuck Soo Kim, Diogo Noses Spinola, Paulo Tarso Oliveira, Hongfen Teng, Resham Thapa, Konstantinos Vantas, Diana Vieira, Jae E. Yang, Shuiqing Yin, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Guangju Zhao, Panos Panagos. Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis. Environmental Research. 2021; 197 ():111087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNejc Bezak; Matjaž Mikoš; Pasquale Borrelli; Christine Alewell; Pablo Alvarez; Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache; Jantiene Baartman; Cristiano Ballabio; Marcella Biddoccu; Artemi Cerdà; Devraj Chalise; Songchao Chen; Walter Chen; Anna Maria De Girolamo; Gizaw Desta Gessesse; Detlef Deumlich; Nazzareno Diodato; Nikolaos Efthimiou; Gunay Erpul; Peter Fiener; Michele Freppaz; Francesco Gentile; Andreas Gericke; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Bifeng Hu; Amelie Jeanneau; Konstantinos Kaffas; Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani; Ivan Lizaga Villuendas; Changjia Li; Luigi Lombardo; Manuel López-Vicente; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Michael Maerker; Chiyuan Miao; Sirio Modugno; Markus Möller; Victoria Naipal; Mark Nearing; Stephen Owusu; Dinesh Panday; Edouard Patault; Cristian Valeriu Patriche; Laura Poggio; Raquel Portes; Laura Quijano; Mohammad Reza Rahdari; Mohammed Renima; Giovanni Francesco Ricci; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Sergio Saia; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Calogero Schillaci; Vasileios Syrris; Hyuck Soo Kim; Diogo Noses Spinola; Paulo Tarso Oliveira; Hongfen Teng; Resham Thapa; Konstantinos Vantas; Diana Vieira; Jae E. Yang; Shuiqing Yin; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Guangju Zhao; Panos Panagos. 2021. "Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis." Environmental Research 197, no. : 111087.
Most of the soils of Nepal had a higher potassium (K, expressed as K2O) level inherently. Later in 1976, the Government of Nepal has recommended K fertilizer rate at 30 kg K2O ha-1 in rice-wheat cropping systems. However, those crops began showing K deficiency symptoms in recent decades, which could be due to a large portion of soils with depleted K level or the insufficient input of K fertilizer for crop production. This study explored a limitation of K nutrient in the crops by establishing field trials from 2009–2014 at three agro-ecozones i.e., inner-Terai (2009–2010), high-Hills (2011–2012), and Terai (2012–2014) in Nepal. Seven rates of K fertilizer at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 kg K2O ha-1 were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design, where crop yields and yield-attributing parameters of rice-wheat cropping system were recorded. Results revealed that an increase in K rates from 45 to 75 kg K2O ha-1 under inner-Terai and Terai conditions and 45 to 60 kg ha-1 under high-Hills conditions produced significantly higher grain yields compared to the recommended K dose. Economically, the optimum rate of K fertilizer should not exceed 68 kg K2O ha-1 for rice in all agro-ecozones, or 73 kg K2O ha-1 for wheat in inner-Terai and 60 kg K2O ha-1 for wheat in high-Hills and Terai. Our findings suggest to increase potassium application in between 1.5 to 2.5 times of the current K fertilizer rate in rice-wheat cropping system of Nepal that need to be tested further in different locations and crop varieties.
Roshan Babu Ojha; Shova Shrestha; Yajna Gajadhar Khadka; Dinesh Panday. Potassium nutrient response in the rice-wheat cropping system in different agro-ecozones of Nepal. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0248837 .
AMA StyleRoshan Babu Ojha, Shova Shrestha, Yajna Gajadhar Khadka, Dinesh Panday. Potassium nutrient response in the rice-wheat cropping system in different agro-ecozones of Nepal. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (3):e0248837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoshan Babu Ojha; Shova Shrestha; Yajna Gajadhar Khadka; Dinesh Panday. 2021. "Potassium nutrient response in the rice-wheat cropping system in different agro-ecozones of Nepal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3: e0248837.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main greenhouse gases and its emissions from vegetable production systems have brought a sustainability challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of reducing N2O emissions from silt loam soil by mixing nitrogen (N)-rich broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) residue with wheat straw or water-washed wheat straw. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with five treatments; unamended or control (BS), wheat straw (+S), broccoli residue (+CR), broccoli residue and wheat straw (+CR+S) and broccoli residue and washed wheat straw (+CR+Sw) and was replicated four times. The +CR and +S were added at the rate of 3.5 kg and 2.0 kg fresh matter m−2 and their mixtures, +CR+S and +CR+Sw, were incorporated in 3.5 kg of silt loam soil at 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS) and packed in soil microcosms. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured once a day during the 14-day of study period. Daily fluxes of N2O were found to be reduced on +CR+W and +CR+Sw when compared to single-amended +CR treatment. Similarly, N2O fluxes on +CR+Sw (2772 µg N m−2 h−1) were significantly lower than +CR+S (3606 µg N m−2 h−1) soon after the amendment but did not vary significantly thereafter. Moreover, the amendment mixture, +CR+S and +Cr+Sw, resulted in lower net N2O emissions by 73.3% and 74.2%, respectively, relative to +CR treatment. While the results clearly suggest that the +CR+S or +CR+Sw reduced N2O emissions, it necessitated further studies, possibly by increasing the frequency of sampling to clarify if washed wheat straw would further mitigate N2O emissions from the vegetable production system.
Rajan Budhathoki; Dinesh Panday; Perik Seiz; Reiner Ruser; Torsten Müller. Effect of Broccoli Residue and Wheat Straw Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Silt Loam Soil. Nitrogen 2021, 2, 99 -109.
AMA StyleRajan Budhathoki, Dinesh Panday, Perik Seiz, Reiner Ruser, Torsten Müller. Effect of Broccoli Residue and Wheat Straw Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Silt Loam Soil. Nitrogen. 2021; 2 (1):99-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajan Budhathoki; Dinesh Panday; Perik Seiz; Reiner Ruser; Torsten Müller. 2021. "Effect of Broccoli Residue and Wheat Straw Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Silt Loam Soil." Nitrogen 2, no. 1: 99-109.
To gain a better understanding of the global application of soil erosion prediction models, we comprehensively reviewed relevant peer-reviewed research literature on soil-erosion modelling published between 1994 and 2017. We aimed to identify (i) the processes and models most frequently addressed in the literature, (ii) the regions within which models are primarily applied, (iii) the regions which remain unaddressed and why, and (iv) how frequently studies are conducted to validate/evaluate model outcomes relative to measured data. To perform this task, we combined the collective knowledge of 67 soil-erosion scientists from 25 countries. The resulting database, named ‘Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT)’, includes 3030 individual modelling records from 126 countries, encompassing all continents (except Antarctica). Out of the 8471 articles identified as potentially relevant, we reviewed 1697 appropriate articles and systematically evaluated and transferred 42 relevant attributes into the database. This GASEMT database provides comprehensive insights into the state-of-the-art of soil- erosion models and model applications worldwide. This database intends to support the upcoming country-based United Nations global soil-erosion assessment in addition to helping to inform soil erosion research priorities by building a foundation for future targeted, in-depth analyses. GASEMT is an open-source database available to the entire user-community to develop research, rectify errors, and make future expansions.
Pasquale Borrelli; Christine Alewell; Pablo Alvarez; Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache; Jantiene Baartman; Cristiano Ballabio; Nejc Bezak; Marcella Biddoccu; Artemi Cerdà; Devraj Chalise; Songchao Chen; Walter Chen; Anna Maria De Girolamo; Gizaw Desta Gessesse; Detlef Deumlich; Nazzareno Diodato; Nikolaos Efthimiou; Gunay Erpul; Peter Fiener; Michele Freppaz; Francesco Gentile; Andreas Gericke; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Bifeng Hu; Amelie Jeanneau; Konstantinos Kaffas; Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani; Ivan Lizaga Villuendas; Changjia Li; Luigi Lombardo; Manuel López-Vicente; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Michael Märker; Francis Matthews; Chiyuan Miao; Matjaž Mikoš; Sirio Modugno; Markus Möller; Victoria Naipal; Mark Nearing; Stephen Owusu; Dinesh Panday; Edouard Patault; Cristian Valeriu Patriche; Laura Poggio; Raquel Portes; Laura Quijano; Mohammad Reza Rahdari; Mohammed Renima; Giovanni Francesco Ricci; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Sergio Saia; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Calogero Schillaci; Vasileios Syrris; Hyuck Soo Kim; Diogo Noses Spinola; Paulo Tarso Oliveira; Hongfen Teng; Resham Thapa; Konstantinos Vantas; Diana Vieira; Jae E. Yang; Shuiqing Yin; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Guangju Zhao; Panos Panagos. Soil erosion modelling: A global review and statistical analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 780, 146494 .
AMA StylePasquale Borrelli, Christine Alewell, Pablo Alvarez, Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache, Jantiene Baartman, Cristiano Ballabio, Nejc Bezak, Marcella Biddoccu, Artemi Cerdà, Devraj Chalise, Songchao Chen, Walter Chen, Anna Maria De Girolamo, Gizaw Desta Gessesse, Detlef Deumlich, Nazzareno Diodato, Nikolaos Efthimiou, Gunay Erpul, Peter Fiener, Michele Freppaz, Francesco Gentile, Andreas Gericke, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Bifeng Hu, Amelie Jeanneau, Konstantinos Kaffas, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Ivan Lizaga Villuendas, Changjia Li, Luigi Lombardo, Manuel López-Vicente, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Michael Märker, Francis Matthews, Chiyuan Miao, Matjaž Mikoš, Sirio Modugno, Markus Möller, Victoria Naipal, Mark Nearing, Stephen Owusu, Dinesh Panday, Edouard Patault, Cristian Valeriu Patriche, Laura Poggio, Raquel Portes, Laura Quijano, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, Mohammed Renima, Giovanni Francesco Ricci, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Sergio Saia, Aliakbar Nazari Samani, Calogero Schillaci, Vasileios Syrris, Hyuck Soo Kim, Diogo Noses Spinola, Paulo Tarso Oliveira, Hongfen Teng, Resham Thapa, Konstantinos Vantas, Diana Vieira, Jae E. Yang, Shuiqing Yin, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Guangju Zhao, Panos Panagos. Soil erosion modelling: A global review and statistical analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 780 ():146494.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasquale Borrelli; Christine Alewell; Pablo Alvarez; Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache; Jantiene Baartman; Cristiano Ballabio; Nejc Bezak; Marcella Biddoccu; Artemi Cerdà; Devraj Chalise; Songchao Chen; Walter Chen; Anna Maria De Girolamo; Gizaw Desta Gessesse; Detlef Deumlich; Nazzareno Diodato; Nikolaos Efthimiou; Gunay Erpul; Peter Fiener; Michele Freppaz; Francesco Gentile; Andreas Gericke; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Bifeng Hu; Amelie Jeanneau; Konstantinos Kaffas; Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani; Ivan Lizaga Villuendas; Changjia Li; Luigi Lombardo; Manuel López-Vicente; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Michael Märker; Francis Matthews; Chiyuan Miao; Matjaž Mikoš; Sirio Modugno; Markus Möller; Victoria Naipal; Mark Nearing; Stephen Owusu; Dinesh Panday; Edouard Patault; Cristian Valeriu Patriche; Laura Poggio; Raquel Portes; Laura Quijano; Mohammad Reza Rahdari; Mohammed Renima; Giovanni Francesco Ricci; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Sergio Saia; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Calogero Schillaci; Vasileios Syrris; Hyuck Soo Kim; Diogo Noses Spinola; Paulo Tarso Oliveira; Hongfen Teng; Resham Thapa; Konstantinos Vantas; Diana Vieira; Jae E. Yang; Shuiqing Yin; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Guangju Zhao; Panos Panagos. 2021. "Soil erosion modelling: A global review and statistical analysis." Science of The Total Environment 780, no. : 146494.
Nitrogen (N) in the agricultural production system influences many aspects of agroecosystems and several critical ecosystem services widely depend on the N availability in the soil. Cumulative changes in regional ecosystem services may lead to global environmental changes. Thus, the soil N status in agriculture is of critical importance to strategize its most efficient use. Nitrogen is also one of the most susceptible macronutrients to environmental loss, such as ammonia volatilization (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, nitrate leaching (NO3), etc. Any form of N losses from agricultural systems can be major limitations for crop production, soil sustainability, and environmental safeguard. There is a need to focus on mitigation strategies to minimize global N pollution and implement agricultural management practices that encourage regenerative and sustainable agriculture. In this review, we identified the avenues of N loss into the environment caused by current agronomic practices and discussed the potential practices that can be adapted to prevent this N loss in production agriculture. This review also explored the N status in agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic and the existing knowledge gaps and questions that need to be addressed.
Kishan Mahmud; Dinesh Panday; Anaas Mergoum; Ali Missaoui. Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2400 .
AMA StyleKishan Mahmud, Dinesh Panday, Anaas Mergoum, Ali Missaoui. Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKishan Mahmud; Dinesh Panday; Anaas Mergoum; Ali Missaoui. 2021. "Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2400.
Besides a proper agronomic management followed by Nepalese farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has been severely affected by changing climate. There are many interventions, including climate-smart practices, to cope with this situation and possibly enhance crop and soil productivity. Field experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with six treatments (TRT) with four replications in three locations (LOC) during wheat-growing seasons in Nepal from 2014 to 2016. Treatments included (i) Controlled Practice (CP), (ii) Improved Low (IL), (iii) Improved High (IH), (iv) Climate Smart Agriculture Low (CSAL), (v) Climate Smart Agriculture Medium (CSAM), and (vi) Climate Smart Agriculture High (CSAH), whereas those LOC were Banke, Rupandehi and Morang districts. There was a significant main effect of TRT and LOC on grain yield and a significant interactionn effect of TRT × LOC on biomass yield in 2014–2015. About 55.5% additional grain yield was produced from CSAM treatment compared to CP in 2014–2015. Among locations, grain yield was the highest in Banke (3772.35 kg ha−1) followed by Rupandehi (2504.47 kg ha−1) and Morang districts (2504.47 kg ha−1). In 2015–2016, there was a significant interaction effect of TRT × LOC on grain and biomass yields. The highest grain yield was produced from CSAH treatment in Banke district in 2015–2016. Overall, grain yield and other parameters showed a better response with either of the climate-smart interventions (mostly CSAH or CSAM) despite variability in geography, climate, and other environmental factors indicating the potential of climate-smart practices to improve wheat production in southern plains of Nepal.
Janma Jaya Gairhe; Mandeep Adhikari; Deepak Ghimire; Arun Khatri-Chhetri; Dinesh Panday. Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal. Climate 2021, 9, 19 .
AMA StyleJanma Jaya Gairhe, Mandeep Adhikari, Deepak Ghimire, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Dinesh Panday. Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal. Climate. 2021; 9 (2):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanma Jaya Gairhe; Mandeep Adhikari; Deepak Ghimire; Arun Khatri-Chhetri; Dinesh Panday. 2021. "Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal." Climate 9, no. 2: 19.
Applying soil amendments with high C content can potentially improve soil properties and increase crop yields. The objective of this 3-yr field study was to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on soil organic C (SOC), chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake, and crop yields in a low C sandy loam soil near Scottsbluff, NE. The field was planted to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 2017, maize (Zea mays L.) in 2018, and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in 2019. Char at 22.3, 44.6, 66.9, 89.2, and 133.8 Mg ha–1; biochar at 5.6 and 11.2 Mg ha–1; and composted manure and municipal compost each at 33.6 and 67.2 Mg ha–1 were applied and incorporated into the soil. In 1 yr after application, organic amendments increased SOC level in top 20 cm by 7–60%. In the second year, maize leaf tissue Fe was greater with char treatments and high biochar rate compared with the control. Greater Fe uptake in beet leaf tissue or trend for such was observed in amendment treatments at high rates compared with low rates and the control in the third year. Maize yield was enhanced with char, municipal compost, and high compost manure rate. Biochar was applied at lower rates than other amendments, and it had no effects on the parameters studied. Results suggest that locally available organic products can be potential soil amendments to increase SOC and enhance productivity. Care needs to be taken to prevent salt buildup and unwanted toxic material accumulation associated with amendments.
Bijesh Maharjan; Dinesh Panday; Humberto Blanco‐Canqui; Maysoon M. Mikha. Potential amendments for improving productivity of low carbon semiarid soil. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 2021, 4, e20171 .
AMA StyleBijesh Maharjan, Dinesh Panday, Humberto Blanco‐Canqui, Maysoon M. Mikha. Potential amendments for improving productivity of low carbon semiarid soil. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 2021; 4 (3):e20171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBijesh Maharjan; Dinesh Panday; Humberto Blanco‐Canqui; Maysoon M. Mikha. 2021. "Potential amendments for improving productivity of low carbon semiarid soil." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4, no. 3: e20171.
Soil amendments with high carbon (C) content can be effective in semi‐arid regions where soils are characterized by low C. A field study was conducted in 2016–2018 to evaluate the effect of char on soil chemical properties and irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) yields in sandy loam fertilized with urea or composted manure. Carbon‐rich char used was a product of coal combustion residue from a local factory in western Nebraska. The experiment was arranged in a split‐plot randomized complete block design in four replications with char (0, 6.7, 13.4, 20.1, and 26.8 Mg C ha−1) as main and N treatment (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg urea‐N ha−1 and 33.6 and 67.2 Mg ha−1 of composted manure) as subplot factors. A handheld spectral sensor was used to determine normalized difference red edge (NDRE) at growth stages (V6, V8, V10, and R1) in 2017 and 2018. After 2 yr, char increased Fe, reduced pH at lower rates, and increased K and Mg at higher rates in top 20 cm soil but did not affect crop yields. Char applied at ≥13.4 Mg C ha−1 increased soil organic C by ≥8% and composted manure increased soil P and K compared to the control. There was a strong correlation of NDRE with N rates and grain yields at V8 and V10. This study found no adverse effect of char on soil properties. However, more site‐specific research is needed before char can be used as a regular soil amendment in semi‐arid regions.
Dinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Xiaocun Sun; Bijesh Maharjan. Coal char effects on soil chemical properties and maize yields in semi‐arid region. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 2021, 4, e20145 .
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Xiaocun Sun, Bijesh Maharjan. Coal char effects on soil chemical properties and maize yields in semi‐arid region. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 2021; 4 (1):e20145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Xiaocun Sun; Bijesh Maharjan. 2021. "Coal char effects on soil chemical properties and maize yields in semi‐arid region." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4, no. 1: e20145.
Under the new constitution adopted in 2015, Nepal embraced the federal structure of government comprising seven provincial and 753 local governments, each with their own legislative, judicial, and executive powers. Nepal’s agriculture sector provides livelihoods to about 60% of the population. However, its bottlenecks are rooted in poor implementation of agricultural policies and plans, low levels of investment, uncertain political commitment and weak governance, especially a lack of an effective service delivery mechanism to farmers. This study analyzed the impacts of federalism on the institutional arrangements and governance of the agriculture sector through both review of literature and field-level information gathering, particularly focusing on extension service delivery to farmers in Province 2. The findings highlight the impacts of federalism on agricultural governance mainly in functional overlapping, resource allocation, priority setting, coordination, human resource management, and extension service delivery. The lack of coordination and collaboration between the three tiers of government and the line agencies results in less-effective extension service delivery, especially in providing integrated, specialized technical services to farmers which is the main responsibility of local governments. Lack of poor understanding of governance, institutionalization, and human resources management is found to be one of the most serious problems with the provincial and local governments. The consequences are that despite a huge potential to improve service delivery leading to increased production and a market surplus, the province remains food-deficient and lacks food and nutrition security. The study recommends a strong political commitment, better policy and institutional coordination and coherence, and good governance in all tiers of government by providing demand-driven agricultural services leading to higher cropping intensity and productivity potential for which it is well recognized.
Hari Dahal; Madhav Karki; Tamara Jackson; Dinesh Panday. New State Structure and Agriculture Governance: A Case of Service Delivery to Local Farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Nepal. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1874 .
AMA StyleHari Dahal, Madhav Karki, Tamara Jackson, Dinesh Panday. New State Structure and Agriculture Governance: A Case of Service Delivery to Local Farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Nepal. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHari Dahal; Madhav Karki; Tamara Jackson; Dinesh Panday. 2020. "New State Structure and Agriculture Governance: A Case of Service Delivery to Local Farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Nepal." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1874.
Water, energy, and biodiversity are essential components for building a sustainable food system in a developing country like Nepal. Green Revolution technologies and the package of practices largely ignored the role of ecosystem services, leaving a large population of small farmers’ food- and nutrition-insecure. Biodiversity, especially, agrobiodiversity is in decline and this vital cross-cutting element is less discussed and interlinked in nexus literature. The interlinking food system with water–energy–biodiversity nexus, therefore, is essential to achieve a resilient food system. It ensures the vital structures and functions of the ecosystem on which it is dependent are well protected in the face of increasing socio-economic and climatic stress. This paper reviews the food system of Nepal through the lens of the food–water–energy–biodiversity (FWEB) nexus to develop a more robust food system framework. From this approach, food system foresight can benefit from different nature-based solutions such as agro-ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation and climate-resilient agro-ecological production system. We found that the FWEB nexus-based approach is more relevant in the context of Nepal where food and nutrition insecurity prevails among almost half of the population. Improvement in the food system requires the building of synergy and complementary among the components of FWEB nexus. Hence, we proposed a modified framework of food system foresight for developing resilience in a food system, which can be achieved with an integrated and resilient nexus that gives more emphasis to agro-ecological system-based solutions to make the food system more climate resilient. This framework can be useful in addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, and 15 and can also be used as a tool for food system planning based on a broader nexus.
Roshan Subedi; Madhav Karki; Dinesh Panday. Food System and Water–Energy–Biodiversity Nexus in Nepal: A Review. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1129 .
AMA StyleRoshan Subedi, Madhav Karki, Dinesh Panday. Food System and Water–Energy–Biodiversity Nexus in Nepal: A Review. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoshan Subedi; Madhav Karki; Dinesh Panday. 2020. "Food System and Water–Energy–Biodiversity Nexus in Nepal: A Review." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1129.
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization loss adversely affects N availability in soil‐plant systems, reduces crop yield, and negatively impacts environment. Char (coal combustion residue), which contains up to 293 g kg−1 total C by weight, has been shown to reduce NH3 volatilization due to its considerably high surface area and cation exchange capacity. The NH3 loss can be greatly affected by a shift in soil pH or urea hydrolysis. A 21‐d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char on soil pH, N transformations, and subsequent NH3 volatilization in sandy loam soil. Two char rates (0 and 13.4 Mg C ha−1) and two urea rates (0 and 200 kg N ha−1) were mixed in soil in four 2‐way combinations with four replications of each. There were 11 sets of all treatment combinations and each set was analyzed for soil moisture, pH, NH3 volatilization, and residual N (urea, NH4, and NO3) every other day for 3 wk. Char application reduced cumulative NH3 loss in the fertilized treatment. Reduction in NH3 loss due to char addition was evidenced by greater residual NH4–N on certain days in treatments with char compared to treatments without char. Char did not affect urea hydrolysis process but it lowered soil pH in the fertilized treatments in the first week. This study supported our hypothesis that char altered soil pH and thereby reduced NH3 volatilization loss from the fertilized soil.
Dinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Bijesh Maharjan. Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 2020, 3, 1 .
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Bijesh Maharjan. Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 2020; 3 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Bijesh Maharjan. 2020. "Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 3, no. 1: 1.
Fertilizer nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural systems have both economic and environmental implications. Soil amendment with high carbon (C) materials, such as coal char, may mitigate N losses. Char, a coal combustion residue (CCR), obtained from a sugar factory in Scottsbluff, NE, contained 29% C by weight. A 30‐day laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char addition on N losses via nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and nitrate (NO3‐N) leaching from fertilized loam and sandy loam soils. Five different char rates (0, 6.7, 10.1, 13.4, and 26.8 Mg C ha−1; char measured in C equivalent) were applied to soils fertilized with urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 200 kg N ha−1. In addition, there were two negative‐UAN control treatments: no char (no UAN), and char at 26.8 Mg C ha−1 (no UAN). Treatment applied at 6.7 and 10.1 Mg C ha−1 in fertilized sandy loam reduced NH3 volatilization by 26–37% and at 6.7, 10.1, and 13.4 Mg C ha−1 in fertilized loam soils by 24% compared to no char application. Nitrous oxide emissions and NO3‐N leaching loss were greater in fertilized compared to unfertilized soil, but there was no effect of char amendment on these losses. As NO3‐N leaching loss was greater in sandy loam than loam, soil residual N was two‐fold higher in loam than sandy loam. This study suggests that adding coal char at optimal rates may potentially reduce agricultural reactive N to the atmosphere by decreasing NH3 volatilization from fertilized soils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Dinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Harold P. Collins; Virginia L. Jin; Michael Kaiser; Jennifer Cooper; Arindam Malakar; Bijesh Maharjan. Optimum rates of surface‐applied coal char decreased soil ammonia volatilization loss. Journal of Environmental Quality 2019, 49, 256 -267.
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Harold P. Collins, Virginia L. Jin, Michael Kaiser, Jennifer Cooper, Arindam Malakar, Bijesh Maharjan. Optimum rates of surface‐applied coal char decreased soil ammonia volatilization loss. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2019; 49 (2):256-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Maysoon M. Mikha; Harold P. Collins; Virginia L. Jin; Michael Kaiser; Jennifer Cooper; Arindam Malakar; Bijesh Maharjan. 2019. "Optimum rates of surface‐applied coal char decreased soil ammonia volatilization loss." Journal of Environmental Quality 49, no. 2: 256-267.
The area of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production in the Eastern Plains of Nepal is decreasing every year due to several factors, including increasing cost of cultivation, lower yield, lower and delay payment, insect and diseases problems. A study was conducted to analyze the productivity and profitability of sugarcane production in this region, where, a randomly selected 80 sugarcane farmers from Sunsari and Morang districts were administered with the questionnaire to collect data between 2017 and 2018. Results of the study revealed that farmers were male dominant (67.50%) with average landholdings of 1.30 hectares (ha). The dominant age group in the farming community was 51 to 60 years and 58.75% of farmers had a primary level of education. The sugarcane production in the study area was profitable with benefit and cost ratio (B/C) 1.38 and 1.34 for main and ratoon crops, respectively. The net income was NRs. 91369.70 and NRs. 36065.00 for main and ratoon crops, respectively. The coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) was 0.79, which means that variations in the explanatory variable explained 79.80% of the variation in the dependent variable. Lower productivity, unscientific price fixation, and delay payment of the sugarcane by the sugar mills were the major problems found in the study area. Labor expenses constitute half of the total cost of cultivation, so mechanizations are needed to lower the cost and increase the profit. Co-coordination among different stakeholders, including the government entity, is required for scientific pricing and sustainable production of sugarcane.
Dipendra Pokharel; Rajendra Uprety; Suresh Mehata; Hari Krishna Shrestha; Dinesh Panday. Dynamics and Economic Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Eastern Plains of Nepal. Current Agriculture Research Journal 2019, 7, 201 -212.
AMA StyleDipendra Pokharel, Rajendra Uprety, Suresh Mehata, Hari Krishna Shrestha, Dinesh Panday. Dynamics and Economic Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Eastern Plains of Nepal. Current Agriculture Research Journal. 2019; 7 (2):201-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDipendra Pokharel; Rajendra Uprety; Suresh Mehata; Hari Krishna Shrestha; Dinesh Panday. 2019. "Dynamics and Economic Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Eastern Plains of Nepal." Current Agriculture Research Journal 7, no. 2: 201-212.
Roshan Subedi; Laxmi Dutt Bhatta; Erica Udas; Nand Kishor Agrawal; Keshab Datta Joshi; Dinesh Panday. Climate-smart practices for improvement of crop yields in mid-hills of Nepal. Cogent Food & Agriculture 2019, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleRoshan Subedi, Laxmi Dutt Bhatta, Erica Udas, Nand Kishor Agrawal, Keshab Datta Joshi, Dinesh Panday. Climate-smart practices for improvement of crop yields in mid-hills of Nepal. Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2019; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoshan Subedi; Laxmi Dutt Bhatta; Erica Udas; Nand Kishor Agrawal; Keshab Datta Joshi; Dinesh Panday. 2019. "Climate-smart practices for improvement of crop yields in mid-hills of Nepal." Cogent Food & Agriculture 5, no. 1: 1.
Dinesh Panday; Roshan Babu Ojha; Devraj Chalise; Saurav Das; Bikesh Twanabasu. Spatial variability of soil properties under different land use in the Dang district of Nepal. Cogent Food & Agriculture 2019, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Roshan Babu Ojha, Devraj Chalise, Saurav Das, Bikesh Twanabasu. Spatial variability of soil properties under different land use in the Dang district of Nepal. Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2019; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Roshan Babu Ojha; Devraj Chalise; Saurav Das; Bikesh Twanabasu. 2019. "Spatial variability of soil properties under different land use in the Dang district of Nepal." Cogent Food & Agriculture 5, no. 1: 1.
A proper understanding of variability of soil chemical properties over an area is important for identifying the soil nutrients related production constraints. The suggestions for remedial measures and execution of appropriate nutrient management strategies are also based on the good knowledge of variation in soil nutrients. A case study was undertaken with an objective of assessing spatial variability of selected soil chemical properties of agricultural land. Soil samples from the surface (0 to 15 cm) were collected from farmers’ field in the central part of Kavrepalanchowk district of Nepal in February 2018. Soil samples were analyzed for soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Descriptive statistics revealed that the soil in the study area was slightly acidic and contained the low status of TOC, P, and K, while the N content was medium. Coefficient of variation (CV) indicated that soil pH was the least variable (CV= 9.37% with values ranging from 5.3 to 7.7) among the investigated soil samples while N was the most variable (CV= 98.81% with content values ranging from 0.03% to 0.67%). Other selected properties (TOC, P, and K) were found to be highly variable (CV= 49.94%, 94.89%, and 57.53% respectively). These variations in soil chemical properties were mostly related to the different cropping systems and soil management practices, including nutrient management carried out in the study area. Owing to the higher variability of nutrients, the results suggested to take into account various soil and nutrient management practices for sustained soil fertility and enhanced productivity.
Deepak Ghimire; Bandhu Raj Baral; Dinesh Panday. Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical Properties under Small-holder Farmers’ Field: a Case Study from Kavrepalanchowk District of Nepal. Current Agriculture Research Journal 2018, 6, 337 -343.
AMA StyleDeepak Ghimire, Bandhu Raj Baral, Dinesh Panday. Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical Properties under Small-holder Farmers’ Field: a Case Study from Kavrepalanchowk District of Nepal. Current Agriculture Research Journal. 2018; 6 (3):337-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeepak Ghimire; Bandhu Raj Baral; Dinesh Panday. 2018. "Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical Properties under Small-holder Farmers’ Field: a Case Study from Kavrepalanchowk District of Nepal." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 3: 337-343.
A study was carried out in the eastern part of Dang district in Nepal to assess the variability of selected soil properties due to different land use and map their spatial distribution. Considering three land use types (agriculture, agroforestry, and grassland), a total of 120 samples were collected from surface soil (0 to 15 cm depth) in May 2015 and analyzed for soil fertility parameters: pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), boron (B), and zinc (Zn). Results revealed that the average value of soil pH significantly (P<0.05) varied from 7.05 in agroforestry to 7.53 in agriculture land use. Soil OM and N contents were medium in range in all land use with slight variation, the highest average OM and N found in grassland (2.87% and 0.14% respectively), followed by agriculture (2.64% and 0.13% respectively), and agroforestry (2.45% and 0.12% respectively). Further, the results showed significant variation for P among agroforestry (18.99 kg ha-1) and grassland (8.49 kg ha-1) while the K content was the highest for grassland (144 mg kg-1) and lowest for agriculture (120 mg kg-1). Micronutrients- B was low (0.28 to 0.35 mg kg-1) and Zn was very low (0.14 mg kg-1) in all land use. There is a need to add appropriate fertilizer N, P, B, and Zn to the soil in order to increase the fertility status under different land use. Spatial variability maps for soil chemical properties can be used by farmers and local planners to make effective soil management strategies.
Dinesh Panday; Roshan Babu Ojha; Devraj Chalise; Saurav Das; Bikesh Twanabasu. Spatial Variability of Soil Properties under Different Land Use in the Dang District of Nepal. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleDinesh Panday, Roshan Babu Ojha, Devraj Chalise, Saurav Das, Bikesh Twanabasu. Spatial Variability of Soil Properties under Different Land Use in the Dang District of Nepal. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Panday; Roshan Babu Ojha; Devraj Chalise; Saurav Das; Bikesh Twanabasu. 2018. "Spatial Variability of Soil Properties under Different Land Use in the Dang District of Nepal." , no. : 1.
Unscientific land use and cropping techniques have led high soil erosion and degradation of soil quality in the mid-hills of Nepal. To understand the effects of land use systems for selected soil chemical properties in mid-hills, composite soil samples at 0 cm to 20 cm depth were collected from five different land-use systems: Grassland, forest land, upland, lowland, and vegetable farms from Dhading district of Nepal in 2017. Soil samples were analyzed for soil fertility parameters: Soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) and its effect due to different land use systems were compared. Results showed that soil pH was neutral in vegetable farms (6.61), whereas the rest of the land-use systems had acidic soils. Soil OM (3.55%) and N (0.18%) content was significantly higher in forest, but the lowest soil OM (1.26%) and N (0.06%) contents were recorded from upland and lowland farms, respectively. Available P was the highest in the vegetable farm (41.07 mg kg−1) and was the lowest in grazing land (2.89 mg kg−1). The upland farm had significantly higher P levels (39.89 mg kg−1) than the lowland farm (9.02 mg kg−1). Available K was the highest in the vegetable farm (130.2 mg kg−1) and lowest in grazing land (36.8 mg kg−1). These results indicated that the land under traditional mixed cereal-based farming had poor soil health compared with adjacent vegetable, grazing, and forest lands among the study area. The variations in soil fertility parameters suggest the immediate need for improvement in soil health of traditional farmlands.
Sudarshan Kharal; Babu Ram Khanal; Dinesh Panday. Assessment of Soil Fertility under Different Land-Use Systems in Dhading District of Nepal. Soil Systems 2018, 2, 57 .
AMA StyleSudarshan Kharal, Babu Ram Khanal, Dinesh Panday. Assessment of Soil Fertility under Different Land-Use Systems in Dhading District of Nepal. Soil Systems. 2018; 2 (4):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSudarshan Kharal; Babu Ram Khanal; Dinesh Panday. 2018. "Assessment of Soil Fertility under Different Land-Use Systems in Dhading District of Nepal." Soil Systems 2, no. 4: 57.