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ABSTRAK Mineral monasit sebagai mineral ikutan penambangan timah di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung mengandung unsur tanah jarang ringan, diantaranya Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), dan Neodymium (Nd). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh konsentrat unsur tanah jarang karbonat melalui proses pengendapan dengan sodium karbonat (Na2CO3), serta menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi dan volume Na2CO3 terhadap recovery pengendapan Ce, La, dan Nd. Persiapan umpan dilakukan dengan mengikuti rute proses pengolahan monasit menggunakan metode basa meliputi tahapan dekomposisi, pelarutan, dan pengendapan unsur radioaktif. Recovery pengendapan tertinggi untuk Ce, La, dan Nd yaitu sebesar 10,84%, 7,81%, dan 2,68% pada penggunaan Na2CO3 dengankonsentrasi 30% wt dan volume 55 mL.ABSTRACT Monazite mineral as associated mineral of tin mining in Bangka Belitung Islands contains light rare earth elements like Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), and Neodymium (Nd). The objective of this study is to obtain the concentrates of rare earth carbonate through the precipitation process with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and determine the effect of concentration and volume of Na2CO3 on the precipitation recovery of Ce, La, and Nd. The preparation of the feed solution was carried out by following the monazite processing route using the alkali method includes the stages of decomposition, dissolution, and precipitation of radioactive elements. The highest precipitation recovery for Ce, La, and Nd are 10.84%, 7.81%, and 2.68% respectively in the use of Na2CO3 with a concentration of 30% wt and a volume of 55 mL.
Kurnia Trinopiawan; Venny Nur Avifa; Yarianto Sugeng Budi Susilo; Ersina Rakhma; Yayat Iman Supriyatna; Iwan Susanto; Sulaksana Permana; Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono. Studi Pendahuluan Pengendapan Cerium, Lanthanum, dan Neodymium dari Larutan Klorida Menggunakan Sodium Karbonat pada Pengolahan Monasit Bangka. EKSPLORIUM 2020, 41, 37 -44.
AMA StyleKurnia Trinopiawan, Venny Nur Avifa, Yarianto Sugeng Budi Susilo, Ersina Rakhma, Yayat Iman Supriyatna, Iwan Susanto, Sulaksana Permana, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono. Studi Pendahuluan Pengendapan Cerium, Lanthanum, dan Neodymium dari Larutan Klorida Menggunakan Sodium Karbonat pada Pengolahan Monasit Bangka. EKSPLORIUM. 2020; 41 (1):37-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurnia Trinopiawan; Venny Nur Avifa; Yarianto Sugeng Budi Susilo; Ersina Rakhma; Yayat Iman Supriyatna; Iwan Susanto; Sulaksana Permana; Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono. 2020. "Studi Pendahuluan Pengendapan Cerium, Lanthanum, dan Neodymium dari Larutan Klorida Menggunakan Sodium Karbonat pada Pengolahan Monasit Bangka." EKSPLORIUM 41, no. 1: 37-44.
Indonesia is rich in tin ores. Slags from processing of tin ores naturally contain substantial amount of valuable metals, in this case tiobium and tantalum. This research explores how niobium and tantalum contents in local Bangka tin slag can be enhanced using NaOH and HClO4leaching reagents. First, Bangka tin slag was NaOH-leached and, then, the slag underwent HClO4leaching. Before undergoing any processes, the contents of niobium and tantalum in Bangka tin slag were 0.47% and 0.23%, respectively. After passing two leaching processes, niobium and tantalum contents reached 1.28% and 0.79%, respectively.
Shiva F Vincia; Sulaksana Permana; Ahmad Maksum; Johny W Soedarsono; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; Badrul Munir. Study to Enhance Tantalum and Niobium Contents in Bangka Tin Slag by NaOH and HClO4 Leaching. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 547, 012049 .
AMA StyleShiva F Vincia, Sulaksana Permana, Ahmad Maksum, Johny W Soedarsono, Kurnia Setiawan Widana, Kurnia Trinopiawan, Badrul Munir. Study to Enhance Tantalum and Niobium Contents in Bangka Tin Slag by NaOH and HClO4 Leaching. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 547 (1):012049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiva F Vincia; Sulaksana Permana; Ahmad Maksum; Johny W Soedarsono; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; Badrul Munir. 2019. "Study to Enhance Tantalum and Niobium Contents in Bangka Tin Slag by NaOH and HClO4 Leaching." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 547, no. 1: 012049.
ABSTRAKAplikasi Logam Tanah Jarang (LTJ) banyak digunakan di berbagai bidang yang berhubungan dengan modernisasi. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak perusahaan mengembangkan teknik pengolahan untuk mengekstraksi LTJ dari deposit mineral tanah jarang. Pengolahan LTJ hidroksida menjadi cerium oksida, lanthanum oksida dan konsentrat neodimium telah dilakukan oleh PSTA-BATAN bekerjasama dengan PTBGN-BATAN. Setelah dilakukan kajian keekonomian, ternyata penggunaan asam nitrat pekat pada proses pelarutan cerium meyebabkan pemakaian ammonia berlebih. Oleh karena itu, inovasi proses perlu dilakukan menggunakan metode kalsinasi dan pelindian hasil kalsinasi dengan HNO3 encer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas proses kalsinasi dan pelindian dengan HNO3 encer. Kalsinasi pada suhu 1000°C dengan parameter yang diamati adalah waktu kalsinasi, konsentrasi HNO3, dan tingkat pelindian. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kalsinasi dapat mengkonversi LTJ hidroksida menjadi LTJ oksida. Semakin lama waktu kalsinasi, LTJ oksida yang terbentuk semakin sempurna. Proses kalsinasi selama tiga jam meningkatkan kadar La, Ce, dan Nd yang semula 7,80%; 28,00%; dan 15,11% menjadi 12,69%; 45,50%; dan 24,45%. Kinetika reaksi kalsinasi LTJ hidroksida mengikuti proses reaksi kimia dengan persamaan y = 0,3145x + 0,0789 dan R2 = 0,9497. Kemudian, LTJ oksida hasil kalsinasi direaksikan dengan HNO3 encer. Semakin besar konsentrasi HNO3 pada berbagai tingkat pelindian, efisiensi pelindian La dan Nd semakin besar sedangkan Ce tidak dapat dilakukan pelindian atau efisiensi pelindian mendekati nol. Proses pelindian optimum pada kondisi pelindian tiga tingkat menggunakan 1 M HNO3. Kinetika reaksi pelindian mengikuti model susut inti reaksi kimia permukaan dengan persamaan y = 0,1732x – 0,2088 dan R2 = 0,9828.ABSTRACTApplication of Rare Earth Elements (REE) uses broadly in various fields related to modernization. It causes many companies are developing processing techniques to extract REE from rare earth mineral deposits. REE hydroxide processing into cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and neodymium concentrates has conducted by PSTA-BATAN in collaboration with PTBGN-BATAN. The previous economic study issued in excessive ammonia caused by the use of concentrated nitric acid in the cerium dissolution process. Therefore, process innovation is necessary to do by calcination and leaching methods using dilute HNO3. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the calcination and leaching process with dilute HNO3. Calcination conducted at 1000°C temperatures with the observing parameters is calcination time, HNO3 concentration, and leaching rate. The result of the study is that calcination can convert REE hydroxide into REE oxide. The longer calcination time, the easier the REE oxide formed. The three hours calcination process enhances the concentration of La, Ce, and Nd from 7.80%, 28.00%, and 15.11% to 12.69%, 45.50%, and 24.45% respectively. The kinetic reaction of the RE(OH)3 calcination reaction follows a chemical reaction process with the equation y = 0.3145x + 0.0789 and R2 = 0.9497. Then, REE oxide from calcination reacted with dilute HNO3. The higher the concentration of HNO3 at various leaching levels, the better the leaching efficiency of La and Nd while Ce is impossible to leach or the leaching efficiency is close to zero. The optimum leaching process on three levels of leaching conditions is using 1 M HNO3. The leach reaction kinetics follows the core shrinkage model of the surface chemical reaction with the equation y = 0.1732x - 0.2088 and R2 = 0.9828.
Kurnia Trinopiawan; Maria Veronica Purwani; Mutia Anggraini; Riesna Prassanti. Pemisahan Cerium dari Logam Tanah Jarang Hidroksida Melalui Kalsinasi dan Pelindian Menggunakan HNO3 Encer. EKSPLORIUM 2019, 40, 63 -74.
AMA StyleKurnia Trinopiawan, Maria Veronica Purwani, Mutia Anggraini, Riesna Prassanti. Pemisahan Cerium dari Logam Tanah Jarang Hidroksida Melalui Kalsinasi dan Pelindian Menggunakan HNO3 Encer. EKSPLORIUM. 2019; 40 (1):63-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurnia Trinopiawan; Maria Veronica Purwani; Mutia Anggraini; Riesna Prassanti. 2019. "Pemisahan Cerium dari Logam Tanah Jarang Hidroksida Melalui Kalsinasi dan Pelindian Menggunakan HNO3 Encer." EKSPLORIUM 40, no. 1: 63-74.
The present work describes the development of an efficient and relatively simple process to obtain high grade Ce(OH)4 from REOH (Rare earth hydroxide). The Rare earth hydroxide was obtained through base digestion of monazite. The steps investigated in the process for obtaining Ce(OH)4 were: (i) dissolution RE hydroxide (REOH) with HNO3 and oxidation of Ce+3 to Ce+4, (ii) selective precipitation of Ce(OH)4 with Na2CO3, (iii) selective precipitation of Nd(OH)3 with ammonium hydroxide (iv) precipitation of La with oxalic acid. The main variables affecting the cerium oxidation were: the ratio of the KMnO4 / REOH, temperature and oxidation time. A ratio of 1.25/10 of KMnO4 / REOH was necessary for full cerium recovery. The recovery of cerium increases as temperature and oxidation time rises, the purity of the product Ce(OH)4 at the pH above 4. The process conditions were achieved in the use of 1.25/10, KMnO4/REOH ratio, at the 120 °C and the oxidation time of 75 minutes. The composition of the final product Ce(OH)4 was 97.98 wt.% Ce(OH)4, in a process yielding a recovery of Ce greater than 93%, were obtained. The composition of the final product Nd(OH)3 was 37 wt.% Nd(OH)3, in a process yielding a recovery of Nd greater than 98%, were obtained. The composition of the final product La2(C2O4)3 was 90 wt.% La2(C2O4)3, in a process yielding a recovery of La greater than 93%, were obtained. The oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ using KMnO4 follows first order reaction. The value of reaction rate constant of Ce was 0.0291 minutes−1.
M V Purwani; Kurnia Trinopiawan; H Poernomo; Suyanti; N D Pusporini; R A Amiliana. Separation of Ce, La and Nd in rare earth hydroxide (REOH) by oxidation with potassium permanganate and precipitation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1198, 032003 .
AMA StyleM V Purwani, Kurnia Trinopiawan, H Poernomo, Suyanti, N D Pusporini, R A Amiliana. Separation of Ce, La and Nd in rare earth hydroxide (REOH) by oxidation with potassium permanganate and precipitation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1198 (3):032003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM V Purwani; Kurnia Trinopiawan; H Poernomo; Suyanti; N D Pusporini; R A Amiliana. 2019. "Separation of Ce, La and Nd in rare earth hydroxide (REOH) by oxidation with potassium permanganate and precipitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1198, no. 3: 032003.
Several researches have informed that air pollution, by-products, and residues in and waste products of natural resources exploitation and consumer goods contain uranium and thorium. In this research, the enhancement of these two metals resulted from the extraction process of Bangka tin slag. To deal with the enhancement of uranium and thorium, Bangka Tin Slag (BTS) was dissolved in Fluoric acid (HF), Chloric acid (HCl), and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The result shows that Bangka tin slag has high contents of uranium, 3,404 ppm, and thorium, 25,850, which were achieved through the dissolution of BTS-roasting-quenching-sieving (BTS-RQS) residues in HF 8%, HCl 6M, and NaOH 10M.
S. Permana; J.W. Soedarsono; A. Rustandi; A. Maksum; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; M. Anggraini. The Enhancement of Uranium and Thorium in Bangka Tin Slag. Atom Indonesia 2018, 44, 37 -42.
AMA StyleS. Permana, J.W. Soedarsono, A. Rustandi, A. Maksum, Kurnia Setiawan Widana, Kurnia Trinopiawan, M. Anggraini. The Enhancement of Uranium and Thorium in Bangka Tin Slag. Atom Indonesia. 2018; 44 (1):37-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Permana; J.W. Soedarsono; A. Rustandi; A. Maksum; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; M. Anggraini. 2018. "The Enhancement of Uranium and Thorium in Bangka Tin Slag." Atom Indonesia 44, no. 1: 37-42.
Tantalum has become one of the 14 types of critical materials where the level of its availability is assumed as the midterm critical metal. Benefits of the element tantalum in the electronics field increased the deficit balance of supply / demand, as more variations of electronic products developed. The tantalum experts calculated the level of availability until 2020. Base on the previous studies, tin slag is a secondary source of tantalum and niobium. This study uses tin slag from Bangka, Indonesia, abbreviated, Bangka Tin Slag (BTS). BTS was roasted, water quenched and sieved, abbreviated BTS-RQS.BTS was roasted, water quenched and sieved, abbreviated BTS-RQS.BTS-RQS was roasted at a temperature 700C given sample code BTS-R700QS, while roasted at 800°C given sample code BTS-R800QS.A variable leaching experiment on BTS-R700QS was solvent concentration variable and on BTS-R800QS was time variable. The entire residue was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and the optimum results are on the BTS-R800QS leaching into 5 M NaOH for 20 min followed by 5M HCl for 50 min, with content of Ta2O5 and Nb2O51.56% and 1.11%, respectively. The result of XRF measurement showed was the increasing of TNO content due to the increasing solvent concentration and time of acid leaching. The discussion of thermodynamics this study used was HSC Chemistry 6 as a supporting data.
J W Soedarsono; S Permana; J K Hutauruk; R Adhyputra; A Rustandi; A Maksum; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; M Anggraini. Upgrading tantalum and niobium oxides content in Bangka tin slag with double leaching. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 316, 012052 .
AMA StyleJ W Soedarsono, S Permana, J K Hutauruk, R Adhyputra, A Rustandi, A Maksum, Kurnia Setiawan Widana, Kurnia Trinopiawan, M Anggraini. Upgrading tantalum and niobium oxides content in Bangka tin slag with double leaching. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 316 (1):012052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ W Soedarsono; S Permana; J K Hutauruk; R Adhyputra; A Rustandi; A Maksum; Kurnia Setiawan Widana; Kurnia Trinopiawan; M Anggraini. 2018. "Upgrading tantalum and niobium oxides content in Bangka tin slag with double leaching." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 316, no. 1: 012052.
A number of primary ores such as phosphate rock, gold-, copper- and rare earth ores contain considerable amounts of accompanying uranium and other critical materials. Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after enrichment and fuel production, to generate greenhouse gas lean energy in a nuclear reactor. Energy neutrality is reached if the energy produced from the extracted uranium is equal to or larger than the energy required for primary ore processing, uranium extraction, -conversion, -enrichment and -fuel production. This work discusses the sustainability of energy neutral mineral processing and provides an overview of the current progress of a multinational research project on that topic conducted under the umbrella of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Frederik Reitsma; Peter Woods; Martin Fairclough; Yongjin Kim; Harikrishnan Tulsidas; Luis Lopez; Yanhua Zheng; Ahmed Hussein; Gerd Brinkmann; Nils Haneklaus; Anand Kacham; Tumuluri Sreenivas; Agus Sumaryanto; Kurnia Trinopiawan; Nahhar Al Khaledi; Ahmad Zahari; Adil El Yahyaoui; Jamil Ahmad; Rolando Reyes; Katarzyna Kiegiel; Noureddine Abbes; Dennis Mwalongo; Eduardo Greaves. On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing. Sustainability 2018, 10, 235 .
AMA StyleFrederik Reitsma, Peter Woods, Martin Fairclough, Yongjin Kim, Harikrishnan Tulsidas, Luis Lopez, Yanhua Zheng, Ahmed Hussein, Gerd Brinkmann, Nils Haneklaus, Anand Kacham, Tumuluri Sreenivas, Agus Sumaryanto, Kurnia Trinopiawan, Nahhar Al Khaledi, Ahmad Zahari, Adil El Yahyaoui, Jamil Ahmad, Rolando Reyes, Katarzyna Kiegiel, Noureddine Abbes, Dennis Mwalongo, Eduardo Greaves. On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrederik Reitsma; Peter Woods; Martin Fairclough; Yongjin Kim; Harikrishnan Tulsidas; Luis Lopez; Yanhua Zheng; Ahmed Hussein; Gerd Brinkmann; Nils Haneklaus; Anand Kacham; Tumuluri Sreenivas; Agus Sumaryanto; Kurnia Trinopiawan; Nahhar Al Khaledi; Ahmad Zahari; Adil El Yahyaoui; Jamil Ahmad; Rolando Reyes; Katarzyna Kiegiel; Noureddine Abbes; Dennis Mwalongo; Eduardo Greaves. 2018. "On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 235.
Sari Terak timah yang merupakan limbah peleburan timah memiliki potensi untuk dapat dimanfaaatkan lebih lanjut dengan mengekstrak logam-logam berharga di dalamnya, seperti logam tanah jarang (LTJ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kondisi optimal pelindian LTJ dari terak timah setelah proses fusi alkali. Struktur silika pada terak menyebabkan pelindian secara langsung menjadi tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu langkah pre-treatment dengan fusi alkali dibutuhkan untuk membuka struktur silika serta meningkatkan porositas terak. Fusi dilakukan selama 2 jam pada temperatur 700oC dengan perbandingan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) : terak = 2 : 1. Kemudian frit yang telah dilindi dengan air dilanjutkan dengan pelindian dengan asam klorida untuk melarutkan LTJ. Persen ekstraksi LTJ sebesar 87,5% diperoleh pada konsentrasi asam klorida (HCl) 2 M, temperatur 40oC, ukuran butiran -325 mesh, S/L = 15 g/100 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm, dan waktu pelindian selama 5 menit. Tin slag, a waste product from tin smelting process, has a potency to be utilized further by extracting the valuable metals inside, such as rare earth elements(REE). The objective of this study is to determine the optimum leaching condition of REE from tin slag after alkali fusion. Silica structure in slag is causing the direct leaching uneffective. Therefore, pre-treatment step using alkali fusion is required to break the structure of silica and to increase the porosity of slag. Fusion is conducted in 2 hours at 700 oC, with ratio of natrium hidroxide (NaOH) : slag = 2 : 1. Later, frit which is leached by water then leached by chloride acid to dissolve REE. As much as 87,5% of REE is dissolved at 2 M on chloride acid (HCl) concentration, in 40o C temperature, -325 mesh particle size, 15g/100ml of S/L, 150 rpm of agitation speed, and 5 minutes of leaching time.
Kurnia Trinopiawan; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; June Mellawati; Budi Yuli Ani. Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali. EKSPLORIUM 2016, 37, 41 .
AMA StyleKurnia Trinopiawan, Mohammad Zaki Mubarok, June Mellawati, Budi Yuli Ani. Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali. EKSPLORIUM. 2016; 37 (1):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurnia Trinopiawan; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; June Mellawati; Budi Yuli Ani. 2016. "Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali." EKSPLORIUM 37, no. 1: 41.