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Dr. Gon Kim
Faculty of Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea

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0 Daylighting
0 Light pollution
0 Building energy
0 sustainable lighting
0 Nightscape Lighting

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Light pollution
Daylighting
sustainable lighting

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Short Biography

Dr. Gon Kim is an Architectural Environmental Engineer and currently a Professor of Architectural Engineering at Kyung Hee University, where he leads the Sustainable Lighting Science Program in South Korea. He earned his doctoral degree from Texas A&M University in the area of sustainable design for all-glazed atrium buildings. His professional life is densely filled with research, practice, publication, and teaching for the growth of environment-friendly architecture with sustainable lighting. His skill in computational analysis of building performance has provided pragmatic knowledge on how to design, develop, evaluate, construct, and operate the healthiest, most productive and energy efficient built environment in Korea. In his teaching role within the Department of Architectural Engineering at Kyung Hee University, he teaches core courses within his areas of interest, sustainable lighting, daylighting, light pollution, energy efficiency, and health design and more advanced methodologies to monitor the already-built environment.

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Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Artificial light is a pollutant with broad implications for society. Consequently, laws and regulations aimed at curbing the improper use of artificial lighting (i.e., light pollution) are becoming common. For such laws to become effective, light pollution must first be evaluated and quantified. Current methods for evaluating lit environments in sports facilities are only applicable after the facilities have been built, making it challenging to prevent light pollution preemptively. Here, a technique to predict light pollution during the planning stage is proposed. To analyze the upward light generated by the large lights found in sports facilities using a computer simulation, a method of defining a virtual horizontal board above the stadium is proposed. To analyze how light trespasses out of the stadium, a method of dividing and analyzing the space outside the stadium by zone is also presented. In addition, a method to predict the formation of high luminance surfaces under outdoor lighting is presented. The proposed methods are validated on two large sports facilities currently being constructed in Korea. As a consequence, horizontal and vertical illuminances are reduced by 74.5% and 72.2%, respectively. The methods are useful to lighting designers with interest in reducing light pollution.

ACS Style

Kwang-Hoon Kim; Gon Kim. Using Simulation-Based Modeling to Evaluate Light Trespass in the Design Stage of Sports Facilities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4725 .

AMA Style

Kwang-Hoon Kim, Gon Kim. Using Simulation-Based Modeling to Evaluate Light Trespass in the Design Stage of Sports Facilities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwang-Hoon Kim; Gon Kim. 2021. "Using Simulation-Based Modeling to Evaluate Light Trespass in the Design Stage of Sports Facilities." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4725.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms depends on the nature of the problem at hand. ML-based modeling, therefore, should employ suitable algorithms where optimum results are desired. The purpose of the current study was to explore the potential applications of ML algorithms in modeling daylight in indoor spaces and ultimately identify the optimum algorithm. We thus developed and compared the performance of four common ML algorithms: generalized linear models, deep neural networks, random forest, and gradient boosting models in predicting the distribution of indoor daylight illuminances. We found that deep neural networks, which showed a determination of coefficient (R2) of 0.99, outperformed the other algorithms. Additionally, we explored the use of long short-term memory to forecast the distribution of daylight at a particular future time. Our results show that long short-term memory is accurate and reliable (R2 = 0.92). Our findings provide a basis for discussions on ML algorithms’ use in modeling daylight in indoor spaces, which may ultimately result in efficient tools for estimating daylight performance in the primary stages of building design and daylight control schemes for energy efficiency.

ACS Style

Jack Ngarambe; Amina Irakoze; Geun Young Yun; Gon Kim. Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Prediction of Indoor Daylight Illuminances. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Jack Ngarambe, Amina Irakoze, Geun Young Yun, Gon Kim. Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Prediction of Indoor Daylight Illuminances. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jack Ngarambe; Amina Irakoze; Geun Young Yun; Gon Kim. 2020. "Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Prediction of Indoor Daylight Illuminances." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 1.

Review
Published: 23 July 2019 in Sustainability
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Light pollution is a serious environmental issue with many adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem as a whole. Accordingly, many countries have issued laws and regulations to limit the effects of artificial lighting at night (ALAN). The Republic of Korea and China are among the few countries that have drafted laws to curb light pollution. In the present study, we gathered data related to light pollution regulations and ordinances in both China and Korea. We then carried out a comparative analysis of the light pollution laws of both countries. We found that, although the two countries share a similar socio-economic background, they have different approaches to the issue of light pollution. The information provided in this study serves as a guideline to countries that wish to develop their own light pollution policies. In addition, the conclusions provided in our study offer potential improvements to local and national light pollution policies in both the Republic of Korea and China.

ACS Style

Wu Guanglei; Jack Ngarambe; Gon Kim. A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3989 .

AMA Style

Wu Guanglei, Jack Ngarambe, Gon Kim. A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu Guanglei; Jack Ngarambe; Gon Kim. 2019. "A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3989.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Light pollution is ranked high among recent forms of environmental degradation. While there have been many studies focusing on the diverse effects of artificial lighting on human health, wild life, etc., studies related to the social-economic impact of light pollution have been neglected. In the current paper, we assessed the relationship between economic development and light pollution. Using collected field data of illuminance levels as a measure of light pollution and land prices as an indicator of economic development, we drew conclusions about the effects of economic development on light pollution. The results did not show an inverted-U relationship between the two variables, hence denouncing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. A regression analysis test showed an R-squared value of 0.322 at p > 0.215. Looking at the obtained results, which show no statistical significance between the two variables, we advise that local light pollution regulation laws and policies be equally stringent throughout districts/cities, regardless of economic status.

ACS Style

Jack Ngarambe; Hong Soo Lim; Gon Kim. Light pollution: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve? Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 42, 337 -343.

AMA Style

Jack Ngarambe, Hong Soo Lim, Gon Kim. Light pollution: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve? Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 42 ():337-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jack Ngarambe; Hong Soo Lim; Gon Kim. 2018. "Light pollution: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve?" Sustainable Cities and Society 42, no. : 337-343.

Article
Published: 29 March 2018 in Sustainability
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We carried out field measurements to determine the contribution of advertisement and decorative lighting to local light pollution in Seoul. We used the lighting limits set by the “Light Pollution Prevention Act”, which regulates light pollution, as measuring criteria. Our results show that both advertisement and decorative lighting are significant contributors to local light pollution in Seoul. Thirty percent of advertisement lighting measured in our study areas exceeded the legal limits. Moreover, we found that certain types of advertisement lighting are more likely to cause light pollution than the others. In addition, 73% of the decorative lighting found in our sample areas exceeded the legal limits. Based on our findings, we suggest that local light pollution policies establish a curfew time when all advertisement and decorative lighting must be completely turned off. Such an approach is essential in reducing lighting levels in outdoor environments. Furthermore, it lessens the burden on law enforcement personnel, who otherwise must ensure that advertisement and decorative lighting levels are kept within the legal limits. In light of the ongoing debate over the role of lighting in public well-being and the sustainability of cities, the present study provides a discussion on the status and management policy of light pollution caused by advertisement and decorative lighting.

ACS Style

Jack Ngarambe; Gon Kim. Sustainable Lighting Policies: The Contribution of Advertisement and Decorative Lighting to Local Light Pollution in Seoul, South Korea. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1007 .

AMA Style

Jack Ngarambe, Gon Kim. Sustainable Lighting Policies: The Contribution of Advertisement and Decorative Lighting to Local Light Pollution in Seoul, South Korea. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jack Ngarambe; Gon Kim. 2018. "Sustainable Lighting Policies: The Contribution of Advertisement and Decorative Lighting to Local Light Pollution in Seoul, South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1007.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2018 in Sustainability
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Light pollution has been receiving increased attention worldwide. Scientific research has provided convincing evidence that ties artificial lighting to health-related issues. Consequently, the involved parties are now leaned towards the implementation of regulations to help limit the use of artificial lighting. Many countries, together with international organizations, have embarked on setting standards and regulations aimed at halting the excessive and improper usage of artificial lighting, there-by eradicating light pollution and its effects. In Korea, outdoor lighting at night is a common phenomenon. Moreover, as the economic development grows even further, the use of artificial lighting is expected to increase making Korea vulnerable to the adverse effects of artificial lighting. In this study, we discuss the issue of light pollution based on field measurements conducted in Seoul, South Korea. The measurements were undertaken to broaden the understanding and assessment of light pollution. During the investigation, we noted that the most severe forms of light pollution were found in developed urban and densely commercialized areas. Currently, there are ongoing light pollution measurement projects around the entire Korea. It would be informative to see how the rest of South Korea compares to the Capital, Seoul in terms of light pollution levels.

ACS Style

Hong Lim; Jack Ngarambe; Jeong Kim; Gon Kim. The Reality of Light Pollution: A Field Survey for the Determination of Lighting Environmental Management Zones in South Korea. Sustainability 2018, 10, 374 .

AMA Style

Hong Lim, Jack Ngarambe, Jeong Kim, Gon Kim. The Reality of Light Pollution: A Field Survey for the Determination of Lighting Environmental Management Zones in South Korea. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Lim; Jack Ngarambe; Jeong Kim; Gon Kim. 2018. "The Reality of Light Pollution: A Field Survey for the Determination of Lighting Environmental Management Zones in South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 374.

Original articles
Published: 06 June 2017 in International Journal of Ventilation
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse correlations between the amount of ventilation, building thermal loads and the operation of windows. The analysis was performed on a Korean high-rise residential building with small openable windows. As a result, polluted indoor air created by residents is not channelled to the outside appropriately due to the lack of natural ventilation. The building also experiences high cooling and heating load owing to the absence of a natural ventilation system. While conducting the analysis, the area of window opening was changed by positioning the window at different angles, and the cooling was analysed at those particular angles. Conclusively, to resolve the issue of building thermal loads as well as to be able to channel out polluted indoor air efficiently, operable windows should be installed at the upper part of the building, and window projection angles should be increased from 20˚ to 30˚.

ACS Style

Hong Soo Lim; Gon Kim. The renovation of window mechanism for natural ventilation in a high-rise residential building. International Journal of Ventilation 2017, 17, 17 -30.

AMA Style

Hong Soo Lim, Gon Kim. The renovation of window mechanism for natural ventilation in a high-rise residential building. International Journal of Ventilation. 2017; 17 (1):17-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Soo Lim; Gon Kim. 2017. "The renovation of window mechanism for natural ventilation in a high-rise residential building." International Journal of Ventilation 17, no. 1: 17-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in International Journal of Engineering and Technology
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ACS Style

Gon Kim; Hong Soo Lim; Jeong Tai Kim. The Impact of Coherent Light Sources On Luminance Measurement. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2015, 7, 339 -342.

AMA Style

Gon Kim, Hong Soo Lim, Jeong Tai Kim. The Impact of Coherent Light Sources On Luminance Measurement. International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2015; 7 (4):339-342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gon Kim; Hong Soo Lim; Jeong Tai Kim. 2015. "The Impact of Coherent Light Sources On Luminance Measurement." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 4: 339-342.

Research article
Published: 28 January 2014 in Indoor and Built Environment
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Design of visual environment is a complex issue involving lighting sources, luminous properties of surfaces, brightness and glare. Digital image processing software can simulate lighting designs to ensure the right amount of light and luminous quality of the visual environment. Even though there are several means about how to determine the quality of the visual environment, this study adopted high dynamic range (HDR) images captured in real-life environment. The HDR imaging has been used for research purposes to analyse discomfort glare and extract luminance on the scene. However, numbers of previous researches reveal that the capacity of HDR imaging technology for luminance acquisition might be dependent upon types of camera and the exposed ranges of images. This paper aims to verify the accuracy and pragmatic reliability of HDR image tools such as LMK and Photolux. The reflectance percentages measured by LMK and Photolux were compared to the absolute values presented by Pantone hue, value and chroma. A series of Pantone colour, yellow, warm red, rubine red, rhodamine red, purple, reflex blue, process blue and green were adopted and with varying the mixture ratio of whiteness. A variation on this type of analysis can be used to validate the design and address visual problem areas such as the detection of potential glare sources.

ACS Style

Hong Soo Lim; Jeong Tai Kim; Gon Kim. Comparative verification of high dynamic range image tools for luminous analysis of visual environment. Indoor and Built Environment 2014, 23, 107 -117.

AMA Style

Hong Soo Lim, Jeong Tai Kim, Gon Kim. Comparative verification of high dynamic range image tools for luminous analysis of visual environment. Indoor and Built Environment. 2014; 23 (1):107-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Soo Lim; Jeong Tai Kim; Gon Kim. 2014. "Comparative verification of high dynamic range image tools for luminous analysis of visual environment." Indoor and Built Environment 23, no. 1: 107-117.

Research article
Published: 07 December 2012 in Indoor and Built Environment
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This paper presents a newly developed mirror sunlighting system approach that would enable architects to consider daylighting goals by engaging the sunlighting system in early design process to make up for the handicaps of lower daylighting availability due to the geographical disadvantage of obstructed location of the building. A mirror sunlighting system was developed and installed in a building complex and its performance was measured in terms of illuminance and luminance with critical meteorological variables. The findings of this study make recommendations for use of appropriate optical daylighting systems for building applications and suggest directions for future development to facilitate wider acceptance of optical systems. The results of the case studies of recently-built examples indicate that the sunlighting system may retain some of the visual qualities of the space's sustainability, such as maximizing daylighting. A series of analysis implied that the sky conditions should be carefully considered in the prediction of daylighting performance of a mirror sunlighting system.

ACS Style

Jeong Tai Kim; Gon Kim. Optical Daylighting Performance of an Active Mirror System for Visual Sustainability of Residential Environment. Indoor and Built Environment 2012, 22, 212 -225.

AMA Style

Jeong Tai Kim, Gon Kim. Optical Daylighting Performance of an Active Mirror System for Visual Sustainability of Residential Environment. Indoor and Built Environment. 2012; 22 (1):212-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeong Tai Kim; Gon Kim. 2012. "Optical Daylighting Performance of an Active Mirror System for Visual Sustainability of Residential Environment." Indoor and Built Environment 22, no. 1: 212-225.