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Bentonite is used as a buffer material in most high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository designs. Smectite clay is the main mineral component of bentonite and plays a key role in controlling the buffer’s physical and chemical behaviors. Moreover, the long-term functions of buffer clay could be lost through smectite dehydration under the prevailing temperature stemming from the heat of waste decay. Therefore, the influence of waste decay temperatures on bentonite performance needs to be studied. However, seldom addressed is the influence of the thermo-hydro-chemical (T-H-C) processes on buffer material degradation in the engineered barrier system (EBS) of HLW disposal repositories as related to smectite clay dehydration. Therefore, we adopted the chemical kinetic model of smectite dehydration to calculate the amount of water expelled from smectite clay minerals caused by the higher temperatures of waste decay heat. We determined that the temperature peak of about 91.3 °C occurred at the junction of the canister and buffer material in the sixth year. After approximately 20,000 years, the thermal caused by the release of the canister had dispersed and the temperature had reduced close to the geothermal background level. The modified porosity of bentonite due to the temperature evolution in the buffer zone between 0 and 0.01 m near the canister was 0.321 (1–2 years), 0.435 (3–10 years), and 0.321 (11–20,000 years). In the buffer zone of 0.01–0.35 m, the porosity was 0.321 (1–20,000 years). In the simulation results of near-field radionuclide transport, we determined that the concentration of radionuclides released from the buffer material for the porosity of 0.321 was higher than that for the unmodified porosity of 0.435. It occurs after 1, 1671, 63, and 172 years for the I-129, Ni-59, Sr-90, and Cs137 radionuclides, respectively. The porosity correction model proposed herein can afford a more conservative concentration and approach to the real release concentration of radionuclides, which can be used for the safety assessment of the repository. Smectite clay could cause volume shrinkage because of the interlayer water loss in smectite and cause bentonite buffer compression. Investigation of the expansion pressure of smectite and the confining stress of the surrounding host rock can further elucidate the compression and volume expansion of bentonite. Within 10,000 years, the proportion of smectite transformed to illite is less than 0.05%. The decay heat temperature in the buffer material should be lower than 100 °C, which is a very important EBS design condition for radioactive waste disposal. The results of this study may be used in advanced research on the evolution of bentonite degradation for both performance assessments and safety analyses of final HLW disposal.
Suu-Yan Liang; Wen-Sheng Lin; Gwo-Fong Lin; Chen-Wuing Liu; Chihhao Fan. The Effect of Porosity Change in Bentonite Caused by Decay Heat on Radionuclide Transport through Buffer Material. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7933 .
AMA StyleSuu-Yan Liang, Wen-Sheng Lin, Gwo-Fong Lin, Chen-Wuing Liu, Chihhao Fan. The Effect of Porosity Change in Bentonite Caused by Decay Heat on Radionuclide Transport through Buffer Material. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (17):7933.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuu-Yan Liang; Wen-Sheng Lin; Gwo-Fong Lin; Chen-Wuing Liu; Chihhao Fan. 2021. "The Effect of Porosity Change in Bentonite Caused by Decay Heat on Radionuclide Transport through Buffer Material." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7933.
The ubiquity of microplastics receives an increasing concern due to their threats to the environment and ecology. The environmental sample of microplastics usually consists of a variety of polymer constituents, and the identification of each constituent is critical for pollution control and risk management. While the ambient microplastics were often analyzed considering the collected sample as a whole by measuring its weight and particle number, this study employed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the constituents of the tested microplastic admixture containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon (NY). For each tested microplastic, the characteristic wave number(s) was determined based on its FTIR spectrum. Synthetic admixtures containing various combinations of tested microplastic constituents were analyzed, and the FTIR spectra enabled the identification of their respective plastic constituents. A procedure for microplastic identification was proposed. Additionally, samples from a selected industry and collected from the ambient environment were employed to explore the applicability of the proposed identification procedure. This study is a pioneer demonstration using FTIR to identify the microplastic constituents of an environmental sample
Chihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang; Jhen-Nan Lin; Junwei Li. Microplastic constituent identification from admixtures by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: The use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon (NY) as the model constituents. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2021, 23, 101798 .
AMA StyleChihhao Fan, Ya-Zhen Huang, Jhen-Nan Lin, Junwei Li. Microplastic constituent identification from admixtures by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: The use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon (NY) as the model constituents. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2021; 23 ():101798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang; Jhen-Nan Lin; Junwei Li. 2021. "Microplastic constituent identification from admixtures by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: The use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon (NY) as the model constituents." Environmental Technology & Innovation 23, no. : 101798.
Radionuclides are inorganic substances, and the solubility of inorganic substances is a major factor affecting the disposal of radioactive waste and the release of concentrations of radionuclides. The degree of solubility determines whether a nuclide source migrates to the far field of a radioactive waste disposal site. Therefore, the most effective method for retarding radionuclide migration is to reduce the radionuclide solubility in the aqueous geochemical environment of subsurface systems. In order to assess the performance of disposal facilities, thermodynamic data regarding nuclides in water–rock systems and minerals in geochemical environments are required; the results obtained from the analysis of these data can provide a strong scientific basis for maintaining safety performance to support nuclear waste management. The pH, Eh and time ranges in the environments of disposal sites cannot be controlled, in contrast to those under experimental conditions in laboratories. Using a hypothetical error mechanism for the safety assessment of disposal sites may engender incorrect assessment results. Studies have focused on radionuclide reactions in waste disposal, and have offered evidence suggesting that these reactions are mainly affected by the geochemical environment. However, studies have not examined the thermodynamics of chemical reactions or interactions between water and minerals, such as the surface complexation and adsorption of various nuclide-ion species. Simple coefficient models have usually been applied in order to obtain empirical formulas for deriving Kd to describe nuclide distributions in the solid or liquid phase in water–rock geochemical systems. Accordingly, this study reviewed previous research on the applications of geochemical models, including studies on the development of geochemical models, sources of thermodynamic databases (TDBs) and their applications in programs, the determination of the adequacy of TDBs in surface complexation models and case studies, and the selection and application of activity coefficient equations in geochemical models. In addition, the study conducted case studies and comparisons of the activity coefficients derived by different geochemical models. Three activity coefficient equations, namely the Davies, modified Debye–Hückel, and Pitzer equations, and four geochemical models, namely PHREEQC, MINEQL+, MINTEQA2, and EQ3/6, were used in the study. The results demonstrated that when the solution’s ionic strength was <0.5 m, the differences in the activity coefficients between the Davies and modified Debye–Hückel equations were <5%. The difference between the Pitzer and Davies equations, or between the Pitzer and modified Debye–Hückel equations in terms of the calculated activity coefficients was <8%. The effect of temperature on the activity coefficient slightly influenced the modeling outputs of the Davies and modified Debye–Hückel equations. In the future, the probability distribution and uncertainty of parameters of Kd and the equilibrium constant can be used in geochemical and reactive transport models to simulate the long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal sites. The findings of this study can provide a strong scientific basis for conducting safety assessments of nuclear waste disposal repositories and developing environmental management or remediation schemes to control sites marred by near-surface contamination.
Suu-Yan Liang; Wen-Sheng Lin; Chan-Po Chen; Chen-Wuing Liu; Chihhao Fan. A Review of Geochemical Modeling for the Performance Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal in a Subsurface System. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5879 .
AMA StyleSuu-Yan Liang, Wen-Sheng Lin, Chan-Po Chen, Chen-Wuing Liu, Chihhao Fan. A Review of Geochemical Modeling for the Performance Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal in a Subsurface System. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):5879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuu-Yan Liang; Wen-Sheng Lin; Chan-Po Chen; Chen-Wuing Liu; Chihhao Fan. 2021. "A Review of Geochemical Modeling for the Performance Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal in a Subsurface System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 5879.
Summary A huge amount of agricultural wastes and waste activated-sludge are being generated every year around the world. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) has been considered as an alternative for the utilization of organic matters from such organic wastes by producing bioenergy and biochemicals to realize a circular bioeconomy. Despite recent advancement in AcD processes, the effect of feedstock compositions and operating conditions on the biomethane production processe has not been critically explored. In this paper, we have reviewed the effects of feedstock (organic wastes) characteristics, including particle size, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and pretreatment options, on the performance of an anaerobic digestion process. In addition, we provided an overview of the effect of key control parameters, including retention time, temperature, pH of digestate, volatile fatty acids content, total solids content, and organic loading rate. Lastly, based on the findings from the literature, we have presented several perspectives and prospects on priority research to promote AcD to a steppingstone for a circular bioeconomy.
Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Yen Tsai; Chen-Wuing Liu; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Chihhao Fan. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience 2021, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleShu-Yuan Pan, Cheng-Yen Tsai, Chen-Wuing Liu, Sheng-Wei Wang, Hyunook Kim, Chihhao Fan. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience. 2021; 24 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Yen Tsai; Chen-Wuing Liu; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Chihhao Fan. 2021. "Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy." iScience 24, no. 7: 1.
Due to the growing and diverse demands on water supply, exploitation of non-conventional sources of water has received much attention. Since water consumption for irrigation is the major contributor to total water withdrawal, the utilization of non-conventional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is critical to assuring the sustainability of water resources. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and manage non-conventional water sources, little research has reviewed the suitability of available water technologies for improving water quality, so that water reclaimed from non-conventional supplies could be an alternative water resource for irrigation. This article provides a systematic overview of all aspects of regulation, technology and management to enable the innovative technology, thereby promoting and facilitating the reuse of non-conventional water. The study first reviews the requirements for water quantity and quality (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological parameters) for agricultural irrigation. Five candidate sources of non-conventional water were evaluated in terms of quantity and quality, namely rainfall/stormwater runoff, industrial cooling water, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, process wastewater, and domestic sewage. Water quality issues, such as suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, bacteria, and emerging contaminates, were assessed. Available technologies for improving the quality of non-conventional water were comprehensively investigated. The potential risks to plants, human health, and the environment posed by non-conventional water reuse for irrigation are also discussed. Lastly, three priority research directions, including efficient collection of non-conventional water, design of fit-for-purpose treatment, and deployment of energy-efficient processes, were proposed to provide guidance on the potential for future research.
Chia-Yang Chen; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Shu-Yuan Pan; Chihhao Fan; Yupo J Lin. Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy. Water Research 2021, 199, 117193 .
AMA StyleChia-Yang Chen, Sheng-Wei Wang, Hyunook Kim, Shu-Yuan Pan, Chihhao Fan, Yupo J Lin. Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy. Water Research. 2021; 199 ():117193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Yang Chen; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Shu-Yuan Pan; Chihhao Fan; Yupo J Lin. 2021. "Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy." Water Research 199, no. : 117193.
The carrying capacity of a river was explored through combining use of HEC-RAS and Qual2K and the obtained results were applied to establishing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) system for water quality management, considering three water quality protection (i.e., long-, mid- and short-term) targets and two wastewater reduction strategies (i.e., individual- and group-reductions). Group-reduction control strategy was regarded as a better pollution control measure, in which more pollution reduction in high volume wastewater discharges resulted in a better improvement of river water quality. While many studies statistically investigated the conceptual framework of carrying capacity under the premises of mass balance between pollution sources and sinks, this study quantified the carrying capacity and established a TMDL system based on the respective water quality criteria using water quality modelling.
Chihhao Fan; Kai-Hsuan Chen; Ya-Zhen Huang. Model-based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river water quality management: A case study in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 291, 125251 .
AMA StyleChihhao Fan, Kai-Hsuan Chen, Ya-Zhen Huang. Model-based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river water quality management: A case study in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 291 ():125251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChihhao Fan; Kai-Hsuan Chen; Ya-Zhen Huang. 2020. "Model-based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river water quality management: A case study in Taiwan." Journal of Cleaner Production 291, no. : 125251.
In Taiwan, the good agricultural practices for Bidens pilosa L. (Cobbler’s pegs) had been established due to its pharmacology application. However, the reproduction of this species that may cause phytotoxicity to the subsequent crops has not been investigated extensively. We hypothesized that both the phytotoxicity and canopy shading conditions that were altered by agricultural practices might affect its seed reproduction. Three experiments from laboratory, pot and field were conducted under different light treatments and residue application rates to evaluate the light requirement and phytotoxicity on the germination of Cobbler’s pegs. The results showed that the germination in the laboratory, dark treatments was higher than that of light treatment while it was inhibited in the darkness in the pot experiments (24% of the light treatments). Moreover, some seeds in the pot experiments germinated in the far-red light (FR) pretreated dark treatments. This observation indicated that the germination response of the investigated plant might be a very low fluence response (VLFR). Results also showed that the autotoxicity enhanced the germination reduction in the FR pretreated dark treatment while increasing the residues buried in the field. Accordingly, both autotoxicity and canopy shading may inhibit the reproduction of Cobbler’s pegs, but the application method needs further study.
Ming-Tung Hsueh; Chihhao Fan; Hsiao-Feng Lo; Wen-Lian Chang. Effects of Light and Autotoxicity on the Reproduction of Bidenspilosa L.: From Laboratory to the Field. Agriculture 2020, 10, 555 .
AMA StyleMing-Tung Hsueh, Chihhao Fan, Hsiao-Feng Lo, Wen-Lian Chang. Effects of Light and Autotoxicity on the Reproduction of Bidenspilosa L.: From Laboratory to the Field. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing-Tung Hsueh; Chihhao Fan; Hsiao-Feng Lo; Wen-Lian Chang. 2020. "Effects of Light and Autotoxicity on the Reproduction of Bidenspilosa L.: From Laboratory to the Field." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 555.
The present study aimed to investigate the copper distribution in a river through the integrated utilization of the soil hydrological assessment model and water quality model. The Erren River was selected as the investigated river system because an apparent heavy metal pollution was observed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to estimate the soil flux. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program Model (WASP) was used for water quality simulation. The copper was selected as the model chemical and scenarios of various copper effluent control measures and impacts of the heavy rainfall by climate change on copper concentration were simulated. The results showed that the aqueous copper was adsorbed to suspended solids and the high aqueous copper concentration resulted in a high copper concentration in the sediment. In dry seasons, the aqueous copper concentration increased 215% comparing to the 2006–2016 average (baseline) concentration and a 20% decrease in copper concentration in the sediment was observed due to less wash-out solid. Under the impact of enhanced rainfall by climate change, the aqueous copper concentration decreased due to the increased river flow, which also reduced the copper deposition causing the copper concentration in the sediment lower than that in the baseline condition. In the middle and downstream river sections, the copper concentration in the water and sediment phases decreased around 66% by implementing a more-stringent effluent standard. The suspended solid played a key role for copper movement in a river. The copper accumulation in the sediment might be alleviated by reducing its aqueous concentration.
Yi-Yin Chueh; Chihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang. Copper concentration simulation in a river by SWAT-WASP integration and its application to assessing the impacts of climate change and various remediation strategies. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 279, 111613 .
AMA StyleYi-Yin Chueh, Chihhao Fan, Ya-Zhen Huang. Copper concentration simulation in a river by SWAT-WASP integration and its application to assessing the impacts of climate change and various remediation strategies. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 279 ():111613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi-Yin Chueh; Chihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang. 2020. "Copper concentration simulation in a river by SWAT-WASP integration and its application to assessing the impacts of climate change and various remediation strategies." Journal of Environmental Management 279, no. : 111613.
Despite the wide applications of dry anaerobic digestion (AD), a number of fundamental issues, such as composition-oriented estimation of biogas production and CO2 reduction potential, were not well understood yet. The objective of this study was to establish composition-oriented models for prediction of biogas production and the associated shift of microbial communities. Three important factors regarding feedstock, including loading, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and solid-to-liquid ratio, were found to significantly affect the biogas production. The biogas production and digestion kinetics were evaluated with the response surface methodology. The major contribution to biogas production was found to be hydrogenotrophic methanogens (82.6 ± 0.4%). The net CO2 reduction potential was assessed from the life-cycle approach, and a substantial amount of CO2 generation (i.e., 2.8–6.7 tonne/tonne-VS) could be reduced by AD, compared to incineration, revealing that dry AD for food waste treatment should be one of the essential practices in the portfolio of global CO2 mitigation.
Shu-Yuan Pan; Chun-Wei Li; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Ying-Chieh Tai; Yi-Ling Chen. Composition-oriented estimation of biogas production from major culinary wastes in an anaerobic bioreactor and its associated CO2 reduction potential. Bioresource Technology 2020, 318, 124045 .
AMA StyleShu-Yuan Pan, Chun-Wei Li, Ya-Zhen Huang, Chihhao Fan, Ying-Chieh Tai, Yi-Ling Chen. Composition-oriented estimation of biogas production from major culinary wastes in an anaerobic bioreactor and its associated CO2 reduction potential. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 318 ():124045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Yuan Pan; Chun-Wei Li; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Ying-Chieh Tai; Yi-Ling Chen. 2020. "Composition-oriented estimation of biogas production from major culinary wastes in an anaerobic bioreactor and its associated CO2 reduction potential." Bioresource Technology 318, no. : 124045.
The present study aims to investigate the treatment efficiency of soil flushing using waste lemon extract for samples collected from contaminated farmland, in which the copper concentration was measured as 2487 ± 139 mg/kg. The flushing solution, containing 9.9 g/L citric acid, was prepared from the waste lemon extraction process. The soil-flushing treatment using a solution containing commercial citric acids of 10 g/L was also conducted for comparison. Additionally, the collected soil was mixed with crushed waste lemons and the mixture was subjected to a composting process for subsequent stabilization study. After 120-min batch experiments, the desorbed copper concentration for waste lemon-extract experiment was 36.9 mg/L, which was higher than that (28.6 mg/L) for commercial citric solution experiment. The reduction in soil copper concentration (1504 mg/kg) treated by waste lemon-extract flushing was more than that treated by commercial citric solution (1256 mg/kg) at the comparable citric acid concentration. More metals were removed by waste lemon-extract flushing. This is because the waste lemon-extract solution contains additional co-dissolved organic substances with a longer flushing time, which allows more exchange reactions between adsorbed metals and flushing solution. For the treatment with waste lemon extract, the soil pH values were 4.56, 5.70 and 6.29 before, after flushing and after compost treatment, respectively. The observed variation in soil pH also showed that waste lemon extract might be a better flushing agent, while flushing with commercial citric solution decreased the pH in the soil environment. The plant copper availability dropped from 677 mg/kg to 156 mg/kg after waste lemon-extract flushing and stabilization with composted waste lemon. Therefore, the use of waste lemon extract for soil flushing not only removed toxic metals from the soil but also prevented the occurrence of soil acidification, an often-observed phenomenon using an acidic solution in conventional soil flushing. After soil flushing, the application of composted waste lemon could stabilize the toxic metals and increase the pH to a range suitable for plant growth.
Pei-Wen Zhang; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5751 .
AMA StylePei-Wen Zhang, Ya-Zhen Huang, Chihhao Fan, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5751.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Wen Zhang; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2020. "Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5751.
Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. (BPr) had been found capable of excluding Cyperus rotundus L. (CR) from its vegetation in fallow fields. Both allelopathy and competition of BPr were able to limit the growth of CR, but this has not been extensively investigated. To verify the two effects of BPr on CR management, density-dependent experiments and interspecies competitions with the application of activated carbon were conducted. The effects of BPr soil and its residues on the reproduction of CR were also evaluated. The results showed that the residues of BPr reduced the growth (54–61% of control) and tuber number (58-71% of control) of CR in the 3 plants pot-1 treatment but not in higher density treatments. In the interspecies competition, BPr exhibited an allelopathic but not competitive effect on CR when activated carbon was absent. CR tuber sprouting was significantly suppressed when sowed in the BPr soil. Likewise, BPr residue mulch inhibited the CR plant density by 87% as compared to natural-occurring CR residue mulch in the field. This study revealed that BPr might have potential for use as a cover plant and allelopathic mulch to control CR in the agroecosystem.
Ming-Tung Hsueh; Chihhao Fan; Wen-Lian Chang. Allelopathic Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. on the Tuber Sprouting and Seedling Growth of Cyperus rotundus L. Plants 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleMing-Tung Hsueh, Chihhao Fan, Wen-Lian Chang. Allelopathic Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. on the Tuber Sprouting and Seedling Growth of Cyperus rotundus L. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing-Tung Hsueh; Chihhao Fan; Wen-Lian Chang. 2020. "Allelopathic Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. on the Tuber Sprouting and Seedling Growth of Cyperus rotundus L." Plants 9, no. 6: 1.
The quality-oriented fruit production in well-controlled enclosed hydroponic systems has been greatly enhanced by the technology of precision agriculture. Over-fertilisation has been commonly applied to the traditional hydroponic culture of fruit crops, without considering different nutrient demands during development. Adjusting the nutrient formulations depending on crop developmental stages could enable efficient fertilisation to increase yield quality. In this study, N-reduced and K-modified nutrient solutions were applied for a two-step nutrient manipulation experiment, to improve the fruit quality (Experiment I) and optimise the fertilisation schemes (Experiment II) of hydroponic netted melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus). The N-reduced and K-modified treatments, before fruiting stage in Experiment I, obtained higher fruit quality with increased fruit weight, dry matter ratio, flesh thickness, and total soluble solids. In Experiment II, fruits cultured under treatment II-3 (applied with 100-75-100% N and 100-125-75% K during VG-PYF-FEM) had the highest overall preferences, with ‘rich’ aroma, ‘dense’ texture, and ‘perfect’ sweetness, compared to all other experimental treatments. Our study successfully improved the fertilisation schemes for a hydroponic netted melon with precise N- and K-nutrient formulations specific to different developmental stages. Our study promotes the future advancement of precise fertilisation to improve fruit quality and reduce environmental pollution from farming activities.
Rita S.W. Yam; Yen-Tzu Fan; Jing-Tian Lin; Chihhao Fan; Hsiao-Feng Lo. Quality Improvement of Netted Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) through Precise Nitrogen and Potassium Management in a Hydroponic System. Agronomy 2020, 10, 816 .
AMA StyleRita S.W. Yam, Yen-Tzu Fan, Jing-Tian Lin, Chihhao Fan, Hsiao-Feng Lo. Quality Improvement of Netted Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) through Precise Nitrogen and Potassium Management in a Hydroponic System. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):816.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita S.W. Yam; Yen-Tzu Fan; Jing-Tian Lin; Chihhao Fan; Hsiao-Feng Lo. 2020. "Quality Improvement of Netted Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) through Precise Nitrogen and Potassium Management in a Hydroponic System." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 816.
This study aimed to explore the catalytic effect of co-dissolved organic compounds on the tetracycline degradation by Fenton process both in the acidic and neutral environment. The experiments were carried out at [Fe2+]/[H2O2] of 50 μM/50 μM and 50 μM/100 μM. The humic acid, citrate and α-cyclodextrin were selected as the co-dissolved organic compounds. The best removal efficiency of 71% was observed at [Fe2+]/[H2O2] of 50 μM/100 μM without the presence of co-dissolved organic compounds. In the presence of co-dissolved organic compounds, the competition effect occurred and tetracycline removal efficiency was reduced to different extents depending on the H2O2 concentrations and chemical properties of the co-dissolved organic substances. The mechanistic exploration confirmed that the complex-forming interactions among Fe2+, tetracycline and organic co-dissolved molecules kept the catalytic ferrous/ferric redox cycle operating to generate hydroxyl radicals for tetracycline degradation at neutral condition, and this phenomenon was more obvious when the H2O2 concentration was higher. Complex formation also contributed to the overall tetracycline removal in addition to oxidation reactions. By comparing to the mass spectra of citrate, the α-cyclodextrin having a larger molecular structure might react with hydroxyl radicals at a higher probability, resulting in an apparent difference in degradation efficiency despite of the equality of their existing amount in the beginning of the experiment.
You-Yi Lee; Chihhao Fan. Mechanistic exploration of the catalytic modification by co-dissolved organic molecules for micropollutant degradation during fenton process. Chemosphere 2020, 258, 127338 .
AMA StyleYou-Yi Lee, Chihhao Fan. Mechanistic exploration of the catalytic modification by co-dissolved organic molecules for micropollutant degradation during fenton process. Chemosphere. 2020; 258 ():127338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou-Yi Lee; Chihhao Fan. 2020. "Mechanistic exploration of the catalytic modification by co-dissolved organic molecules for micropollutant degradation during fenton process." Chemosphere 258, no. : 127338.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the waste lemon extract on the flushing treatment of the copper-contaminated soil collected from contaminated farmland, in which the copper concentration was measured as high as 2487 mg/kg. The soil flushing solution was prepared using the extract from collected waste lemons. The soil flushing treatment using the solution containing commercial citric acids was also conducted for comparison. Additionally, the waste lemon was used for soil rehabilitation after composting treatment.
The soil copper concentration treated with the solution containing waste lemon extract decreased more than that treated by the commercial citric acid solution at the comparable citric acid concentration. This is because the waste lemon extract solution contains additional co-dissolved organic substances other than citric acid and the flushing treatment had a higher retention time. For the treatment with lemon extract, the soil pH values were 4.56, 5.70 and 6.29 before, after lemon extract flushing and after compost treatment. The copper plant availability dropped from 677 mg/kg for the soil before flushing to 156 mg/kg after stabilization with composted waste lemon. Therefore, the citric acid flushing combined with stabilization was found effective for heavy metal removal in the soil environment.
Chihhao Fan; Pei-Wen Chang; Ya-Zhen Huang. Application of waste lemon extract to rehabilitate the copper-contaminated farmland through gravitational soil flushing and stabilization. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleChihhao Fan, Pei-Wen Chang, Ya-Zhen Huang. Application of waste lemon extract to rehabilitate the copper-contaminated farmland through gravitational soil flushing and stabilization. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChihhao Fan; Pei-Wen Chang; Ya-Zhen Huang. 2020. "Application of waste lemon extract to rehabilitate the copper-contaminated farmland through gravitational soil flushing and stabilization." , no. : 1.
This study aimed to assess the distribution of spent pesticides in an agro-farming area and to evaluate their impact on the ecological risk for an endangered species combing the health risk assessment concept with the modelling algorithm proposed by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). An agricultural area in western Taiwan was chosen to investigate the ecological risk on Prionailurus bengalensis. Their ecological stability was evaluated in the context of the residuals’ distribution of the spent pesticides in the investigated area. The pesticide residues accumulated and correlated highly to the adverse health impact on the leopard cat. In the present study, 67 pesticides were detected from 79 collected soil samples. The hazard index (HI) was found related to land use patterns and the HI values in Yuanli and Zhuolan were significantly higher than those in the other areas, increasing poisoning probability of the leopard cat. The locations of agro-chemical utilization were highly overlapped with leopard cats’ activity zone, supporting the hypothesis that pesticide residues posed a potential threat to the leopard cats’ health. The proposed risk assessment framework was capable of estimating the risk caused by pesticide residues and no similar study has been reported before.
Jing-Yu Liao; Chihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang; Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei. Distribution of residual agricultural pesticides and their impact assessment on the survival of an endangered species. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 389, 121871 .
AMA StyleJing-Yu Liao, Chihhao Fan, Ya-Zhen Huang, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei. Distribution of residual agricultural pesticides and their impact assessment on the survival of an endangered species. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 389 ():121871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing-Yu Liao; Chihhao Fan; Ya-Zhen Huang; Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei. 2019. "Distribution of residual agricultural pesticides and their impact assessment on the survival of an endangered species." Journal of Hazardous Materials 389, no. : 121871.
The definition of green technologies should be any process, product or service that reduces negative environmental impacts while protecting human health and ecosystem quality
Shu-Yuan Pan; Chihhao Fan; Yu-Pin Lin. Development and Deployment of Green Technologies for Sustainable Environment. Environments 2019, 6, 114 .
AMA StyleShu-Yuan Pan, Chihhao Fan, Yu-Pin Lin. Development and Deployment of Green Technologies for Sustainable Environment. Environments. 2019; 6 (11):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Yuan Pan; Chihhao Fan; Yu-Pin Lin. 2019. "Development and Deployment of Green Technologies for Sustainable Environment." Environments 6, no. 11: 114.
The water⁻energy⁻food (WEF) nexus attracts much attention due to the elevated public concern regarding environmental conservation and sustainability. As we head into a new era of civilization, population increase and modernized lifestyles have led to an increasing need for water, energy, and food. However, severe hydrological precipitation significantly impacts agricultural harvest, and such influence becomes more apparent under the influence of climate change. Meanwhile, the major method of electricity generation (i.e., fossil fuel burning) has a negative impact on the environment. These inevitable threats are crucial and have to be dealt with for a society on the road towards sustainability. In the present study, an integrated evaluation of the WEF nexus was conducted for two areas with different levels of urbanization using empirical multiple linear regression in a simultaneous equation model (SEM). By incorporating the collected data into the SEM, the weighting coefficient of each identified variable was obtained, and the nexus implication was assessed in model simulation at different scenarios considering the population growth, agro-technology advancement, energy structure improvement, and available water resources. In the simulated results, three observations were found: (1) the rural area is more sustainable than the urban one; (2) the sustainability for both the investigated areas is significantly subject to their water supply and demand; and (3) food production was found to have a less important effect on the sustainable development of the urban area. This study identified the key factors in the WEF nexus exploration, which are economically and environmentally important for resource allocation. An empirical model was developed to correlate sustainable achievement with WEF management, as well as strategic policies that should be implemented under the pressure of urbanization.
Chihhao Fan; Chun-Yueh Lin; Ming-Che Hu. Empirical Framework for a Relative Sustainability Evaluation of Urbanization on the Water⁻Energy⁻Food Nexus Using Simultaneous Equation Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 901 .
AMA StyleChihhao Fan, Chun-Yueh Lin, Ming-Che Hu. Empirical Framework for a Relative Sustainability Evaluation of Urbanization on the Water⁻Energy⁻Food Nexus Using Simultaneous Equation Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (6):901.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChihhao Fan; Chun-Yueh Lin; Ming-Che Hu. 2019. "Empirical Framework for a Relative Sustainability Evaluation of Urbanization on the Water⁻Energy⁻Food Nexus Using Simultaneous Equation Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 901.
Urban metabolism analyzes the supply and consumption of nutrition, material, energy, and other resources within cities. Food, water, and energy are critical resources for the human society and have complicated cooperative/competitive influences on each other. The management of interactive resources is essential for supply chain analysis. This research analyzes the food-water-energy system of urban metabolism for sustainable resources management. A system dynamics model is established to investigate the urban metabolism of food, water, and energy resources. This study conducts a case study of Shihmen Reservoir system, hydropower generation, paddy rice irrigation of Taoyuan and Shihmen Irrigation Associations, and water consumption in Taoyuan, New Taipei, and Hsinchu cities. The interactive influence of the food-water-energy nexus is quantified in this study; the uncertainty analysis of food, water, and energy nexus is presented.
Ming-Che Hu; Chihhao Fan; Tailin Huang; Chi-Fang Wang; Yu-Hui Chen. Urban Metabolic Analysis of a Food-Water-Energy System for Sustainable Resources Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 16, 90 .
AMA StyleMing-Che Hu, Chihhao Fan, Tailin Huang, Chi-Fang Wang, Yu-Hui Chen. Urban Metabolic Analysis of a Food-Water-Energy System for Sustainable Resources Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 16 (1):90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing-Che Hu; Chihhao Fan; Tailin Huang; Chi-Fang Wang; Yu-Hui Chen. 2018. "Urban Metabolic Analysis of a Food-Water-Energy System for Sustainable Resources Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1: 90.
Many shipwreck events occur in the neighboring areas of Taiwan due to the volume of maritime traffic and geographical conditions around Taiwan. The oil spills from such events can be devastating for the surrounding sea and coastal areas. The government realized the importance of marine pollution prevention and enforced the Marine Pollution Control Act and the Major Marine Oil Pollution Emergency Response Plan to mitigate the impact of oil spill pollution. The T.S. Taipei shipwreck highlighted the effectiveness of the national marine pollution prevention system. Inter-departmental cooperation and collaboration with private sectors are the keys for effective response. This article is the first detailed documentation of an oil spill response for a maritime incident from the beginning to the final termination of shipwreck removal. It shows the people in Taiwan intend to collaborate with other states to make a significant contribution to marine environment conservation and sustainability.
Chihhao Fan; Cheng-Jui Hsu; Jia-Yu Lin; Yung-Kai Kuan; Chieh-Chung Yang; Jui-Hsiang Liu; Jiunn-Horng Yeh. Taiwan's legal framework for marine pollution control and responses to marine oil spills and its implementation on T.S. Taipei cargo shipwreck salvage. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2018, 136, 84 -91.
AMA StyleChihhao Fan, Cheng-Jui Hsu, Jia-Yu Lin, Yung-Kai Kuan, Chieh-Chung Yang, Jui-Hsiang Liu, Jiunn-Horng Yeh. Taiwan's legal framework for marine pollution control and responses to marine oil spills and its implementation on T.S. Taipei cargo shipwreck salvage. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2018; 136 ():84-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChihhao Fan; Cheng-Jui Hsu; Jia-Yu Lin; Yung-Kai Kuan; Chieh-Chung Yang; Jui-Hsiang Liu; Jiunn-Horng Yeh. 2018. "Taiwan's legal framework for marine pollution control and responses to marine oil spills and its implementation on T.S. Taipei cargo shipwreck salvage." Marine Pollution Bulletin 136, no. : 84-91.
Ran Yin; Chihhao Fan; Jianliang Sun; Chii Shang. Oxidation of iron sulfide and surface-bound iron to regenerate granular ferric hydroxide for in-situ hydrogen sulfide control by persulfate, chlorine and peroxide. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 336, 587 -594.
AMA StyleRan Yin, Chihhao Fan, Jianliang Sun, Chii Shang. Oxidation of iron sulfide and surface-bound iron to regenerate granular ferric hydroxide for in-situ hydrogen sulfide control by persulfate, chlorine and peroxide. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018; 336 ():587-594.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRan Yin; Chihhao Fan; Jianliang Sun; Chii Shang. 2018. "Oxidation of iron sulfide and surface-bound iron to regenerate granular ferric hydroxide for in-situ hydrogen sulfide control by persulfate, chlorine and peroxide." Chemical Engineering Journal 336, no. : 587-594.