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Prof. Dr. Takahiko Miyazaki
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga koen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan

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0 Adsorption
0 Air Conditioning
0 Optimization
0 Desiccant
0 Refrigerant

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Journal article
Published: 18 August 2021 in Energies
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This study investigates the input–output energy-flow patterns and CO2 emissions from the wheat–rice crop rotation system. In this regard, an arid region of Punjab, Pakistan was selected as the study area, comprising 4150 km2. Farmers were interviewed to collect data and information on input/output sources during the 2020 work season. The total energy from these sources was calculated using appropriate energy equivalents. Three energy indices, including energy use efficiency (ηe), energy productivity (ηp), and net energy (ρ), were defined and calculated to investigate overall energy efficiency. Moreover, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique was used to optimize the input energy in wheat and rice production. Finally, CO2 emissions was calculated using emissions equivalents from peer-reviewed published literature. Results showed that the average total energy consumption in rice production was twice the energy consumed in wheat production. However, the values of ηe, ηp, and ρ were higher in wheat production and calculated as 5.68, 202.3 kg/GJ, and 100.12 GJ/ha, respectively. The DEA showed the highest reduction potential in machinery energy for both crops, calculated as −42.97% in rice production and −17.48% in wheat production. The highest CO2 emissions were found in rice production and calculated as 1762.5 kg-CO2/ha. Our conclusion indicates that energy consumption and CO2 emissions from wheat–rice cropping systems can be minimized using optimized energy inputs.

ACS Style

Muhammad N. Ashraf; Muhammad H. Mahmood; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Sobhy M. Ibrahim. Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming. Energies 2021, 14, 5094 .

AMA Style

Muhammad N. Ashraf, Muhammad H. Mahmood, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond R. Shamshiri, Sobhy M. Ibrahim. Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5094.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad N. Ashraf; Muhammad H. Mahmood; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Sobhy M. Ibrahim. 2021. "Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming." Energies 14, no. 16: 5094.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in International Journal of Refrigeration
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Prepared activated carbon has better dehumidification performance than silica gel under humid ambient air conditions. Prepared activated carbon can be utilized as desiccant material with a regeneration temperature of lower than 60°C. The water isotherm shape of prepared activated carbon gives an advantage to the dehumidification performance. Indoor air humidity plays a vital role in determining occupants’ health and industrial product quality. Removing excess humidity by adsorption dehumidification is still facing a challenge in finding a suitable material with high adsorption capacity and low regeneration temperature. In this study, the theoretical dehumidification capacity of prepared acorn nutshell-based activated carbons was calculated and compared with silica gel type RD and RD-2060. The calculation was based on the outdoor air condition in two Asian capital cities: Jakarta and Tokyo. The theoretical study found that prepared activated carbon has better dehumidification performance under Jakarta conditions using regeneration temperatures of less than 60°C. Under Tokyo conditions, activated carbon shows auspicious performance during the summer season. Compared with silica gels, acorn nutshell-based activated carbon has a better dehumidification capacity to process high humidity ambient air with a lower regeneration temperature.

ACS Style

Chairunnisa Zainuri Somad; Frantisek Miksik; Takahiko Miyazaki; Kyaw Thu; Jin Miyawaki; Koji Nakabayashi; Agung Tri Wijayanta; Fitria Rahmawati. Theoretical dehumidification capacity of acorn nutshell-based activated carbon under two Asian urban cities’ ambient air condition. International Journal of Refrigeration 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Chairunnisa Zainuri Somad, Frantisek Miksik, Takahiko Miyazaki, Kyaw Thu, Jin Miyawaki, Koji Nakabayashi, Agung Tri Wijayanta, Fitria Rahmawati. Theoretical dehumidification capacity of acorn nutshell-based activated carbon under two Asian urban cities’ ambient air condition. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chairunnisa Zainuri Somad; Frantisek Miksik; Takahiko Miyazaki; Kyaw Thu; Jin Miyawaki; Koji Nakabayashi; Agung Tri Wijayanta; Fitria Rahmawati. 2021. "Theoretical dehumidification capacity of acorn nutshell-based activated carbon under two Asian urban cities’ ambient air condition." International Journal of Refrigeration , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Foods
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The purpose of this study was to develop an in-vitro digestion protocol to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the peptides found in processed cheddar cheese using digestion enzymes. We first studied antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activities of processed cheddar cheese with the addition of spices e.g., cumin, clove, and black pepper made from buffalo milk and ripened for 9 months. Then we conducted an in vitro digestion of processed cheddar cheese by gastric and duodenal enzymes. Freeze-dried water (WSE) and ethanol-soluble fractions (ESE) of processed cheddar cheese were also monitored for their ACE inhibition activity and antioxidant activities. In our preliminary experiments, different levels of spices (cumin, clove, and black pepper) were tested into a cheese matrix and only one level 0.2 g/100 g (0.2%) based on cheese weight was considered good after sensory evaluation. Findings of the present study revealed that ACE-inhibitory potential was the highest in processed cheese made from buffalo milk with the addition of 0.2% cumin, clove, and black pepper. A significant increase in ACE-inhibition (%) of processed cheddar cheese, as well as its WSE and ESE, was obtained. Lower IC50 values were found after duodenal phase digestion compared to oral phase digestion.

ACS Style

Amal Shaukat; Muhammad Nadeem; Tahir Qureshi; Rabia Kanwal; Muhammad Sultan; Olivier Kashongwe; Redmond Shamshiri; Mian Murtaza. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese. Foods 2021, 10, 1661 .

AMA Style

Amal Shaukat, Muhammad Nadeem, Tahir Qureshi, Rabia Kanwal, Muhammad Sultan, Olivier Kashongwe, Redmond Shamshiri, Mian Murtaza. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal Shaukat; Muhammad Nadeem; Tahir Qureshi; Rabia Kanwal; Muhammad Sultan; Olivier Kashongwe; Redmond Shamshiri; Mian Murtaza. 2021. "Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese." Foods 10, no. 7: 1661.

Review
Published: 06 July 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Previous researchers found that bulk coal combustion for heating was considered as one of the most important sources of air pollution, and the replacement of coal combustion resulted in significant air quality improvement, health benefits and the reduction of CO2 emission. The clean heating forms an essential part of the energy revolution, thereby significantly influencing the rural lifestyle. The pilot program for clean heating has been launched recently. However, various challenges have remained which cannot be ignored. This study critically reviews the implications, research situation, technology, and methods associated with clean heating during winter season in Northern China. The status, technical routes, and various clean heating technologies in Northern China was introduced. The authors analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and economics of various heating systems/methods, such as the air-source heat pumps, electric heating system, wall-mounted natural gas heater system, biomass pyrolysis cogeneration clean heating. The environmental benefits of clean heating options during winter in Northern China were evaluated based on the extensive analysis. The suggestions were presented regarding the promotion of clean heating technology.

ACS Style

Zongxi Zhang; Yuguang Zhou; Nan Zhao; Huan Li; Bahargul Tohniyaz; Philbert Mperejekumana; Quan Hong; Rucong Wu; Gang Li; Muhammad Sultan; Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Zayan; Jinxin Cao; Riaz Ahmad; Renjie Dong. Clean heating during winter season in Northern China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 149, 111339 .

AMA Style

Zongxi Zhang, Yuguang Zhou, Nan Zhao, Huan Li, Bahargul Tohniyaz, Philbert Mperejekumana, Quan Hong, Rucong Wu, Gang Li, Muhammad Sultan, Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Zayan, Jinxin Cao, Riaz Ahmad, Renjie Dong. Clean heating during winter season in Northern China: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 149 ():111339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zongxi Zhang; Yuguang Zhou; Nan Zhao; Huan Li; Bahargul Tohniyaz; Philbert Mperejekumana; Quan Hong; Rucong Wu; Gang Li; Muhammad Sultan; Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Zayan; Jinxin Cao; Riaz Ahmad; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Clean heating during winter season in Northern China: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149, no. : 111339.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Energies
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The present study reports the development of a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting the thermal performance of evaporative cooling systems, which are widely used for thermal comfort in different applications. The existing, conventional methods for the analysis of evaporation-assisted cooling systems rely on experimental, mathematical, and empirical approaches in order to determine their thermal performance, which limits their applications in diverse and ambient spatiotemporal conditions. The objective of this research was to predict the thermal performance of three evaporation-assisted air-conditioning systems—direct, indirect, and Maisotsenko evaporative cooling systems—by using an AI approach. For this purpose, a deep learning algorithm was developed and lumped hyperparameters were initially chosen. A correlation analysis was performed prior to the development of the AI model in order to identify the input features that could be the most influential for the prediction efficiency. The deep learning algorithm was then optimized to increase the learning rate and predictive accuracy with respect to experimental data by tuning the hyperparameters, such as by manipulating the activation functions, the number of hidden layers, and the neurons in each layer by incorporating optimizers, including Adam and RMsprop. The results confirmed the applicability of the method with an overall value of R2 = 0.987 between the input data and ground-truth data, showing that the most competent model could predict the designated output features (Toutdb, wout, and Eoutair). The suggested method is straightforward and was found to be practical in the evaluation of the thermal performance of deployed air conditioning systems under different conditions. The results supported the hypothesis that the proposed deep learning AI algorithm has the potential to explore the feasibility of the three evaporative cooling systems in dynamic ambient conditions for various agricultural and livestock applications.

ACS Style

Hafiz Asfahan; Uzair Sajjad; Muhammad Sultan; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Mubasher Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang; Redmond Shamshiri; Muhammad Khan. Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of the Thermal Performance of Evaporative Cooling Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 3946 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Asfahan, Uzair Sajjad, Muhammad Sultan, Imtiyaz Hussain, Khalid Hamid, Mubasher Ali, Chi-Chuan Wang, Redmond Shamshiri, Muhammad Khan. Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of the Thermal Performance of Evaporative Cooling Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Asfahan; Uzair Sajjad; Muhammad Sultan; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Mubasher Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang; Redmond Shamshiri; Muhammad Khan. 2021. "Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of the Thermal Performance of Evaporative Cooling Systems." Energies 14, no. 13: 3946.

Review article
Published: 26 June 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Energy-efficient alternative desalination and cooling systems are pivotal in addressing the incredible increase in energy and water demands worldwide. Sorption-based technology is a unique system that could help in solving the energy and water crisis and cut down the overall carbon footprint. Such systems’ performance relies on the adsorption characteristics of the employed nanoporous adsorbent. Although different nanoporous materials were developed, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are fast becoming a key working substance in water capture applications due to their interesting adsorption characteristics. Owing to the chemical tunability of MOFs, scientists developed thousands of MOFs in the last few decades. With the increasing interest in MOFs, this review paper provides a comprehensive survey of MOFs adsorbents and their roles in cooling and water desalination systems. Herein, three aspects are covered, the synthesis processes, the adsorption characteristics, and the implementation of MOFs at the system level. Many challenges are discussed, such as mass production, the energy demand for synthesis, and the chemical modulation of MOFs to enhance their adsorption characteristics. Many MOFs are presented, but the sorption characteristics of most of them have not been tested yet. Subsequently, a small number of the presented MOFs have been employed in sorption applications. Accordingly, a gap should be filled to test and employ the MOFs in sorption applications.

ACS Style

Ramy H. Mohammed; Ahmed Rezk; Ahmed Askalany; Ehab S. Ali; A.E. Zohir; Muhammad Sultan; Mohamed Ghazy; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; A.G. Olabi. Metal-organic frameworks in cooling and water desalination: Synthesis and application. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 149, 111362 .

AMA Style

Ramy H. Mohammed, Ahmed Rezk, Ahmed Askalany, Ehab S. Ali, A.E. Zohir, Muhammad Sultan, Mohamed Ghazy, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, A.G. Olabi. Metal-organic frameworks in cooling and water desalination: Synthesis and application. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 149 ():111362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramy H. Mohammed; Ahmed Rezk; Ahmed Askalany; Ehab S. Ali; A.E. Zohir; Muhammad Sultan; Mohamed Ghazy; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; A.G. Olabi. 2021. "Metal-organic frameworks in cooling and water desalination: Synthesis and application." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149, no. : 111362.

Preprint
Published: 22 June 2021
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The purpose of this study was to develop an in-vitro digestion protocol to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the peptides found in processed cheddar cheese using digestion enzymes. We studied first antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activities of processed cheddar cheese with the addition of spices e.g. cumin, clove and black pepper made from buffalo milk and ripened for 9 months. Then we conducted an in vitro digestion of processed cheddar cheese by gastric and duodenal enzymes. Freeze dried water (WSE) and ethanol soluble fractions (ESE) of processed cheddar cheese were also monitored for their ACE inhibition activity and antioxidant activities. In our preliminary experiments, different levels of spices (cumin, clove and black pepper) were tested into cheese matrix and only one level 0.2g/100g (0.2%) on the basis of cheese weight was considered good concerning sensory evaluation. Significant increase in ACE-inhibition (%) of processed Cheddar cheese as well as its WSE and ESE was obtained. Lower IC50 values were found after duodenal phase digestion compared to oral phase digestion.

ACS Style

Amal Shaukat; Muhammad Nadeem; Tahir Mahmood Qureshi; Rabiak Kanwal; Muhammad Sultan; Olivier Basole Kashongwe; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Mian Anjum Murtaza. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Amal Shaukat, Muhammad Nadeem, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi, Rabiak Kanwal, Muhammad Sultan, Olivier Basole Kashongwe, Redmond R. Shamshiri, Mian Anjum Murtaza. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal Shaukat; Muhammad Nadeem; Tahir Mahmood Qureshi; Rabiak Kanwal; Muhammad Sultan; Olivier Basole Kashongwe; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Mian Anjum Murtaza. 2021. "Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese." , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 16 June 2021 in Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security
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Temperature and humidity control are crucial in next generation greenhouses. Plants require optimum temperature/humidity and vapor pressure deficit conditions inside the greenhouse for optimum yield. In this regard, an air-conditioning system could provide the required conditions in harsh climatic regions. In this study, the authors have summarized their published work on different desiccant and evaporative cooling options for greenhouse air-conditioning. The direct, indirect, and Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooling systems, and multi-stage evaporative cooling systems have been summarized in this study. Different desiccant materials i.e., silica-gels, activated carbons (powder and fiber), polymer sorbents, and metal organic frameworks have also been summarized in this study along with different desiccant air-conditioning options. However, different high-performance zeolites and molecular sieves are extensively studied in literature. The authors conclude that solar operated desiccant based evaporative cooling systems could be an alternate option for next generation greenhouse air-conditioning.

ACS Style

Muhammad Sultan; Hadeed Ashraf; Takahiko Miyazaki; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Ibrahim A. Hameed. Temperature and Humidity Control for the Next Generation Greenhouses: Overview of Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling Systems. Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Sultan, Hadeed Ashraf, Takahiko Miyazaki, Redmond R. Shamshiri, Ibrahim A. Hameed. Temperature and Humidity Control for the Next Generation Greenhouses: Overview of Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling Systems. Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Sultan; Hadeed Ashraf; Takahiko Miyazaki; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Ibrahim A. Hameed. 2021. "Temperature and Humidity Control for the Next Generation Greenhouses: Overview of Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling Systems." Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis due to its heavy dependency on the import of costly fossil fuels, which ultimately leads to expansive electricity generation, a low power supply, and interruptive load shedding. In this regard, the utilization of available renewable energy resources within the country for production of electricity can lessen this energy crisis. Livestock waste/manure is considered the most renewable and abundant material for biogas generation. Pakistan is primarily an agricultural country, and livestock is widely kept by the farming community, in order to meet their needs. According to the 2016–2018 data on the livestock population, poultry held the largest share at 45.8%, followed by buffaloes (20.6%), cattle (12.7%), goats (10.8%), sheep (8.4%), asses (1.3%), camels (0.25%), horses (0.1%), and mules (0.05%). Different animals produce different amounts of manure, based upon their size, weight, age, feed, and type. The most manure is produced by cattle (10–20 kg/day), while poultry produce the least (0.08–0.1 kg/day). Large quantities of livestock manure are produced from each province of Pakistan; Punjab province was the highest contributor (51%) of livestock manure in 2018. The potential livestock manure production in Pakistan was 417.3 million tons (Mt) in 2018, from which 26,871.35 million m3 of biogas could be generated—with a production potential of 492.6 petajoules (PJ) of heat energy and 5521.5 MW of electricity. Due to its favorable conditions for biodigester technologies, and through the appropriate development of anaerobic digestion, the currently prevailing energy crises in Pakistan could be eliminated.

ACS Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6751 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Sultan, Ihsanullah Sohoo, Prakash Ghimire, Azlan Zahid, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Peyman Abdeshahian, Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. 2021. "Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6751.

Conference paper
Published: 02 June 2021 in Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering
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Adsorption heat pumps can be driven by low-grade thermal energy, such as jacket cooling water of engines. Even though electrification of automobiles will reduce waste heat from engines, internal heat recovery within electric or hybrid vehicles is considered important to improve the mileage because considerable amount of energy is consumed for cabin cooling and heating. In fact, electric devices of electric or hybrid vehicles, such as batteries, inverters/converters, motors, require temperature control so that the devices work efficiently. For this purpose, adsorption heat pumps can provide cooling, heating and thermal storage within the thermal management system of the vehicle.

ACS Style

Takahiko Miyazaki; Nami Takeda; Yuta Aki; Kyaw Thu; Nobuo Takata; Shinnosuke Maeda; Tomohiro Maruyama. Performance Analysis on Compact Heat Exchangers for Activated Carbon-Ethanol Adsorption Heat Pump/Thermal Storage. Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering 2021, 641 -644.

AMA Style

Takahiko Miyazaki, Nami Takeda, Yuta Aki, Kyaw Thu, Nobuo Takata, Shinnosuke Maeda, Tomohiro Maruyama. Performance Analysis on Compact Heat Exchangers for Activated Carbon-Ethanol Adsorption Heat Pump/Thermal Storage. Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. 2021; ():641-644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takahiko Miyazaki; Nami Takeda; Yuta Aki; Kyaw Thu; Nobuo Takata; Shinnosuke Maeda; Tomohiro Maruyama. 2021. "Performance Analysis on Compact Heat Exchangers for Activated Carbon-Ethanol Adsorption Heat Pump/Thermal Storage." Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering , no. : 641-644.

Review
Published: 19 May 2021 in Sustainability
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As the world human population and industrialization keep growing, the water availability issue has forced scientists, engineers, and legislators of water supply industries to better manage water resources. Pollutant removals from wastewaters are crucial to ensure qualities of available water resources (including natural water bodies or reclaimed waters). Diverse techniques have been developed to deal with water quality concerns. Carbon based nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their high specific surface area and associated adsorption sites, have drawn a special focus in environmental applications, especially water and wastewater treatment. This critical review summarizes recent developments and adsorption behaviors of CNTs used to remove organics or heavy metal ions from contaminated waters via adsorption and inactivation of biological species associated with CNTs. Foci include CNTs synthesis, purification, and surface modifications or functionalization, followed by their characterization methods and the effect of water chemistry on adsorption capacities and removal mechanisms. Functionalized CNTs have been proven to be promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of waters due to their high adsorption capacity. However, most of the functional CNT applications are limited to lab-scale experiments only. Feasibility of their large-scale/industrial applications with cost-effective ways of synthesis and assessments of their toxicity with better simulating adsorption mechanisms still need to be studied.

ACS Style

Mian Aslam; Hsion-Wen Kuo; Walter Den; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Sultan; Hadeed Ashraf. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5717 .

AMA Style

Mian Aslam, Hsion-Wen Kuo, Walter Den, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Sultan, Hadeed Ashraf. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mian Aslam; Hsion-Wen Kuo; Walter Den; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Sultan; Hadeed Ashraf. 2021. "Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5717.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in Water
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Pakistan is among the countries that have already crossed the water scarcity line, and the situation is worsened due to the recent pandemic. This is because the major budget of the country is shifted to primary healthcare activities from other development projects that included water treatment and transportation infrastructure. Consequently, water-borne diseases have increased drastically in the past few months. Therefore, there is a dire need to address this issue on a priority basis to ameliorate the worsening situation. One possible solution is to shift the focus/load from mega-projects that require a plethora of resources, money, and time to small domestic-scale systems for water treatment. For this purpose, domestic-scale solar stills are designed, fabricated, and tested in one of the harshest climatic condition areas of Pakistan, Rahim Yar Khan. A comprehensive overview of the regional climatology, including wind speed, solar potential, and ambient temperature is presented for the whole year. The analysis shows that the proposed system can adequately resolve the drinking water problems of deprived areas of Pakistan. The average water productivity of 1.5 L/d/m2 is achieved with a total investment of PKR 3000 (<$20). This real site testing data will serve as a guideline for similar system design in other arid areas globally.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Farooq; Yew Teoh; Ben Xu; Khamid Mahkamov; Muhammad Sultan; Kim Ng; Muhammad Shahzad. Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan. Water 2021, 13, 1070 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jamil, Haseeb Yaqoob, Muhammad Farooq, Yew Teoh, Ben Xu, Khamid Mahkamov, Muhammad Sultan, Kim Ng, Muhammad Shahzad. Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Farooq; Yew Teoh; Ben Xu; Khamid Mahkamov; Muhammad Sultan; Kim Ng; Muhammad Shahzad. 2021. "Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan." Water 13, no. 8: 1070.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in Sustainability
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In Pakistan, many subsurface (SS) drainage projects were launched by the Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) to deal with twin problems (waterlogging and salinity). In some cases, sump pumps were installed for the disposal of SS effluent into surface drainage channels. Presently, sump pumps have become dysfunctional due to social and financial constraints. This study evaluates the alternate design of the Paharang drainage system that could permit the discharge of the SS drainage system in the response of gravity. The proposed design was completed after many successive trials in terms of lowering the bed level and decreasing the channel bed slope. Interconnected MS-Excel worksheets were developed to design the L-section and X-section. Design continuity of the drainage system was achieved by ensuring the bed and water levels of the receiving drain were lower than the outfalling drain. The drain cross-section was set within the present row with a few changes on the service roadside. The channel side slope was taken as 1:1.5 and the spoil bank inner and outer slopes were kept as 1:2 for the entire design. The earthwork was calculated in terms of excavation for lowering the bed level and increasing the drain section to place the excavated materials in a specific manner. The study showed that modification in the design of the Paharang drainage system is technically admissible and allows for the continuous discharge of SS drainage effluent from the area.

ACS Style

Muhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4080 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Imran, Jinlan Xu, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Naveed Ahmed, Qaiser Javed, Hafiz Asfahan, Yasir Latif, Muhammad Usman, Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4080.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. 2021. "Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4080.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
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Adsorption-based heat transformation systems are studied from the twentieth century; however, their performance is low to replace conventional systems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are providing a new class of micro- and nano-porous organic adsorbents. These have adjustable geometry/topology with a large surface area and pore volume. A comparison of the coefficient of performance (COP) between the MOFs and conventional adsorbents-based cooling systems is made for the years 1975–2020. Conventional adsorbents achieve COP of 0.85, whereas it is improved to 2.00 in the case of MOFs. The main bottleneck in the lower COP level is the low adsorption equilibrium amount. This study is aimed to provide comprehensive detail of water-vapor adsorption equilibrium and physicochemical properties of hydrophilic MOFs. Zn based MOFs are not stable in the presence of water-vapors, whereas MIL series, Zr, Ni, and Cu based MOFs are relatively more stable. Among the studied MOFs, MIL-101(Cr) possesses the highest adsorption uptake of 1.45 kg/kg at 25 °C (saturation condition) and outperformed for heat transformation applications. Its uptake can be increased to 1.60 kg/kg by coating with graphite oxide. For water desalination, MIL-53(Al) exhibits specific daily water production of 25.5 m3/ton.day (maximum) with a specific cooling power of 789.4 W/kg. Both MIL adsorbents are found promising which can be considered for various adsorption applications.

ACS Style

Sahrish Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Majid Bahrami; Claire McCague; Muhammad W. Shahzad; Mohammad Amani; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. Recent progress on water vapor adsorption equilibrium by metal-organic frameworks for heat transformation applications. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2021, 124, 105242 .

AMA Style

Sahrish Ashraf, Muhammad Sultan, Majid Bahrami, Claire McCague, Muhammad W. Shahzad, Mohammad Amani, Redmond R. Shamshiri, Hafiz Muhammad Ali. Recent progress on water vapor adsorption equilibrium by metal-organic frameworks for heat transformation applications. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021; 124 ():105242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sahrish Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Majid Bahrami; Claire McCague; Muhammad W. Shahzad; Mohammad Amani; Redmond R. Shamshiri; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. 2021. "Recent progress on water vapor adsorption equilibrium by metal-organic frameworks for heat transformation applications." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 124, no. : 105242.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

ACS Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability 2021, 13, 2836 .

AMA Style

Khawar Shahzad, Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Bilal, Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Farooq, Takahiko Miyazaki, Uzair Sajjad, Imran Ali, Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. 2021. "Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2836.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, we evaluated the performance of low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234yf on the activated carbon (MSC-30) for adsorption heating applications. The adsorption isotherms of MSC-30/R1234yf were measured using a constant-volume–variable-pressure (CVVP) method from very low relative pressure to the practical operating ranges. The data were fitted with several isotherm models using non-linear curve fitting. An improved equilibrium model was employed to investigate the influence of dead thermal masses, i.e., the heat exchanger assembly and the non-adsorbing part of the adsorbent. The model employed the model for the isosteric heat of adsorption where the adsorbed phase volume was accounted for. The performance of the heat pump was compared with MSC-30/R134a pair using the data from the literature. The analysis covered the desorption temperature ranging from 60 °C to 90 °C, with the evaporation temperature at 5 °C and the adsorption temperature and condensation temperature set to 30 °C. It was observed that the adsorption isotherms of R1234yf on MSC-30 were relatively lower than those of R134a by approximately 12%. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the selected pair was found to vary from 0.03 to 0.35 depending on the heat source temperature. We demonstrated that due to lower latent heat, MSC-30/R1234yf pair exhibits slightly lower cycle performance compared to the MSC-30/R134a pair. However, the widespread adaptation of environmentally friendly R1234yf in automobile heat pump systems may call for the implementation of adsorption systems such as the direct hybridization using a single refrigerant. The isotherm and performance data presented in this work will be essential for such applications.

ACS Style

Sangwon Seo; František Mikšík; Yuta Maeshiro; Kyaw Thu; Takahiko Miyazaki. Performance Evaluation of an Adsorption Heat Pump System Using MSC-30/R1234yf Pair with the Impact of Thermal Masses. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2279 .

AMA Style

Sangwon Seo, František Mikšík, Yuta Maeshiro, Kyaw Thu, Takahiko Miyazaki. Performance Evaluation of an Adsorption Heat Pump System Using MSC-30/R1234yf Pair with the Impact of Thermal Masses. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sangwon Seo; František Mikšík; Yuta Maeshiro; Kyaw Thu; Takahiko Miyazaki. 2021. "Performance Evaluation of an Adsorption Heat Pump System Using MSC-30/R1234yf Pair with the Impact of Thermal Masses." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2279.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Energies
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This study provides insights into the feasibility of a desiccant dehumidification-based Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooling (M-DAC) system for greenhouse air-conditioning application. Conventional cooling techniques include direct evaporative cooling, refrigeration systems, and passive/active ventilation. which are commonly used in Pakistan; however, they are either not feasible due to their energy cost, or they cannot efficiently provide an optimum microclimate depending on the regions, the growing seasons, and the crop being cultivated. The M-DAC system was therefore proposed and evaluated as an alternative solution for air conditioning to achieve optimum levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for greenhouse crop production. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system from the viewpoints of the temperature gradient, relative humidity level, VPD, and dehumidification gradient. Results showed that the standalone desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system created maximum dehumidification gradient (i.e., 16.8 g/kg) and maximum temperature gradient (i.e., 8.4 °C) at 24.3 g/kg and 38.6 °C ambient air conditions, respectively. The DAC coupled with a heat exchanger (DAC+HX) created a temperature gradient nearly equal to ambient air conditions, which is not in the optimal range for greenhouse growing conditions. Analysis of the M-DAC system showed that a maximum air temperature gradient, i.e., 21.9 °C at 39.2 °C ambient air condition, can be achieved, and is considered optimal for most greenhouse crops. Results were validated with two microclimate models (OptDeg and Cft) by taking into account the optimality of VPD at different growth stages of tomato plants. This study suggests that the M-DAC system is a feasible method to be considered as an efficient solution for greenhouse air-conditioning under the climate conditions of Multan (Pakistan).

ACS Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies 2021, 14, 1097 .

AMA Style

Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Farrukh Abbas, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Hafiz Md-Tahir, Muhammad Mahmood, Fiaz Ahmad, Yousaf Taseer, Aamir Shahzad, Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. 2021. "Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Energies 14, no. 4: 1097.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Low-temperature refrigeration (aka, deep-freezing) have an essential role in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering environmental and economic concerns, Carbon Dioxide (R744) has presented itself as a competent refrigerant. Even though many researchers performed extensive investigations on the performance of the low-temperature refrigeration cycles, the innovations in this field still exist, and refinement and examination of new layouts remain a hot topic, among which coupling an ejector with the cycle is a popular method that has shown promising results. This article proposes a new layout for low-temperature refrigeration together with the thermodynamic studies on the effects of changing pressures before and after the ejector by introducing an additional compressor, gas cooler, and turboexpander to the conventional layout of transcritical CO2 ejector cycle. The coefficient of performance (COP) around 1.4 was obtained for evaporation at −45 °C. The first law analysis of the cycle was conducted, and optimal values for pressures before and after the ejector were identified. It was found that using a compressor and a gas cooler before the secondary entrance of the ejector is beneficial to COP, and the expansion process right after the ejector will affect the COP. It was discovered that the instant expansion after ejector is unnecessary at optimum conditions, and the phase condition of the ejector’s discharge has a huge impact on the performance. Optimization and parametric analysis of the cycle was conducted, and the effects of efficiencies of the cycle’s components on COP were investigated. A simple and comprehensive second Law analysis of the proposed system is included, and the performance of the setup was briefly compared with other cycles in low-temperature refrigeration. It was revealed that this single-refrigerant proposed cycle not only can reach a reasonable performance for deep-freezing applications, but also it has 10% less compression ratio than its R744 counterparts.

ACS Style

Mojtaba Purjam; Kyaw Thu; Takahiko Miyazaki. Thermodynamic modeling of an improved transcritical carbon dioxide cycle with ejector: Aiming low-temperature refrigeration. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 188, 116531 .

AMA Style

Mojtaba Purjam, Kyaw Thu, Takahiko Miyazaki. Thermodynamic modeling of an improved transcritical carbon dioxide cycle with ejector: Aiming low-temperature refrigeration. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 188 ():116531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mojtaba Purjam; Kyaw Thu; Takahiko Miyazaki. 2021. "Thermodynamic modeling of an improved transcritical carbon dioxide cycle with ejector: Aiming low-temperature refrigeration." Applied Thermal Engineering 188, no. : 116531.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Agronomy
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Farm tractors in cultivation consume a big amount of fossil fuels and emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Improving traction performance and power transfer indices of wheeled tractors and field terrain soil with higher traction (pull ability) at optimal travel reduction (TR) can optimize energy utilization. This study compares the traction performance, fuel consumption, and field productivity, of a farm tractor equipped with a new drive wheel “rigid lugged wheel (RLW)” and conventional tire wheel (CTW) in field tillage operations. Tractor with RLW resulted 24.6 kN drawbar pull and 6.6 km.h−1 travel speed at 80% tractive efficiency and 15.6% TR. While with CTW, the drawbar pull and the travel speed were 23.2 kN and 6.0 km h−1 respectively at 68% tractive efficiency and 36.3% TR. The RLW resulted in improved traction performance with similar equipment weight. Tractor with RLW also resulted 220.5% lower TR, 14.8% higher field productivity, and 15.4% lower fuel consumption. RLW can control equipment weight and field traffic intensity with the improved traction performance of wheeled tractors and will make the field operations more energy-efficient and economical. For enhanced field drivability of RLW, further work is required to test for diverse field conditions and differently sized tractors.

ACS Style

Hafiz Md-Tahir; Jumin Zhang; Junfang Xia; Yong Zhou; Hua Zhou; Jun Du; Muhammad Sultan; Hafiza Mamona. Experimental Investigation of Traction Power Transfer Indices of Farm-Tractors for Efficient Energy Utilization in Soil Tillage and Cultivation Operations. Agronomy 2021, 11, 168 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Md-Tahir, Jumin Zhang, Junfang Xia, Yong Zhou, Hua Zhou, Jun Du, Muhammad Sultan, Hafiza Mamona. Experimental Investigation of Traction Power Transfer Indices of Farm-Tractors for Efficient Energy Utilization in Soil Tillage and Cultivation Operations. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Md-Tahir; Jumin Zhang; Junfang Xia; Yong Zhou; Hua Zhou; Jun Du; Muhammad Sultan; Hafiza Mamona. 2021. "Experimental Investigation of Traction Power Transfer Indices of Farm-Tractors for Efficient Energy Utilization in Soil Tillage and Cultivation Operations." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 168.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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This research work reports on the potential of bagasse, a solid waste from sugar factories, to produce activated-carbon (AC) as an adsorbent. The activation was conducted under 500, 600, and 700 °C using steam as the activation agent to produce AC500, AC600, and AC700, respectively. The prepared-materials were characterized to understand their elemental content, surface morphology, thermal properties, functional groups identification, surface area, and pore size. AC700 provided the highest surface area of 592.36 m2/g and indicated the contribution of mesopores distributes along 1.5–8.0 nm of pore size. Therefore, an adsorption test was conducted with AC700 as adsorbent. The results show that methylene blue (MB) adsorption reached equilibrium after 30 min of adsorption time. The adsorption isotherm applied to a monolayer Langmuir isotherm was fitted by linearization, resulting in a constant R2 of 0.999. The MB adsorption to AC700 favorably occurred, as proven by the Freundlich parameter 1/n of 0.881, which is less than 1. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm confirmed that the adsorption proceeded through physical interaction with adsorption energy of 3.536 kJ/mol.

ACS Style

Fitria Rahmawati; Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri; Chairunnisa; Agung Tri Wijayanta; Koji Nakabayashi; Jin Miyawaki; Takahiko Miyazaki. Carbon from Bagasse Activated with Water Vapor and Its Adsorption Performance for Methylene Blue. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 678 .

AMA Style

Fitria Rahmawati, Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri, Chairunnisa, Agung Tri Wijayanta, Koji Nakabayashi, Jin Miyawaki, Takahiko Miyazaki. Carbon from Bagasse Activated with Water Vapor and Its Adsorption Performance for Methylene Blue. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fitria Rahmawati; Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri; Chairunnisa; Agung Tri Wijayanta; Koji Nakabayashi; Jin Miyawaki; Takahiko Miyazaki. 2021. "Carbon from Bagasse Activated with Water Vapor and Its Adsorption Performance for Methylene Blue." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 678.