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Mr. Mark Janssen
Fontys University of Applied Sciences

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Short Biography

Mark Janssen is both a PhD-Candidate in Department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands and a researcher at Fontys University of Applied Sciences, School of Sport Studies, Netherlands. His research focuses on designing intelligent systems to support recreational runners.

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Physical inactivity has become a major public health concern and, consequently, the awareness of striving for a healthy lifestyle has increased. As a result, the popularity of recreational sports, such as running, has increased. Running is known for its low threshold to start and its attractiveness for a heterogeneous group of people. Yet, one can still observe high drop-out rates among (novice) runners. To understand the reasons for drop-out as perceived by runners, we investigate potential reasons to quit running among short distance runners (5 km and 10 km) (n = 898). Data used in this study were drawn from the standardized online Eindhoven Running Survey 2016 (ERS16). Binary logistic regressions were used to investigate the relation between reasons to quit running and different variables like socio-demographic variables, running habits and attitudes, interests, and opinions (AIOs) on running. Our results indicate that, not only people of different gender and age show significant differences in perceived reasons to quit running, also running habits, (e.g., running context and frequency) and AIOs are related to perceived reasons to quit running too. With insights into these related variables, potential drop-out reasons could help health professionals in understanding and lowering drop-out rates among recreational runners.

ACS Style

Daphne Menheere; Mark Janssen; Mathias Funk; Erik Van Der Spek; Carine Lallemand; Steven Vos. Runner’s Perceptions of Reasons to Quit Running: Influence of Gender, Age and Running-Related Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6046 .

AMA Style

Daphne Menheere, Mark Janssen, Mathias Funk, Erik Van Der Spek, Carine Lallemand, Steven Vos. Runner’s Perceptions of Reasons to Quit Running: Influence of Gender, Age and Running-Related Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6046.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daphne Menheere; Mark Janssen; Mathias Funk; Erik Van Der Spek; Carine Lallemand; Steven Vos. 2020. "Runner’s Perceptions of Reasons to Quit Running: Influence of Gender, Age and Running-Related Characteristics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6046.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2020 in Sensors
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Among runners, there is a high drop-out rate due to injuries and loss of motivation. These runners often lack personalized guidance and support. While there is much potential for sports apps to act as (e-)coaches to help these runners to avoid injuries, set goals, and maintain good intentions, most available running apps primarily focus on persuasive design features like monitoring, they offer few or no features that support personalized guidance (e.g., personalized training schemes). Therefore, we give a detailed description of the working mechanism of Inspirun e-Coach app and on how this app uses a personalized coaching approach with automatic adaptation of training schemes based on biofeedback and GPS-data. We also share insights into how end-users experience this working mechanism. The primary conclusion of this study is that the working mechanism (if provided with accurate data) automatically adapts training sessions to the runners’ physical workload and stimulates runners’ goal perception, motivation, and experienced personalization. With this mechanism, we attempted to make optimal use of the potential of wearable technology to support the large group of novice or less experienced runners and that by providing insight in our working mechanisms, it can be applied in other technologies, wearables, and types of sports.

ACS Style

Mark Janssen; Jos Goudsmit; Coen Lauwerijssen; Aarnout Brombacher; Carine Lallemand; Steven Vos. How Do Runners Experience Personalization of Their Training Scheme: The Inspirun E-Coach? Sensors 2020, 20, 4590 .

AMA Style

Mark Janssen, Jos Goudsmit, Coen Lauwerijssen, Aarnout Brombacher, Carine Lallemand, Steven Vos. How Do Runners Experience Personalization of Their Training Scheme: The Inspirun E-Coach? Sensors. 2020; 20 (16):4590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Janssen; Jos Goudsmit; Coen Lauwerijssen; Aarnout Brombacher; Carine Lallemand; Steven Vos. 2020. "How Do Runners Experience Personalization of Their Training Scheme: The Inspirun E-Coach?" Sensors 20, no. 16: 4590.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aims to help professionals in the field of running and running-related technology (i.e., sports watches and smartphone applications) to address the needs of runners. It investigates the various runner types—in terms of their attitudes, interests, and opinions (AIOs) with regard to running—and studies how they differ in the technology they use. Data used in this study were drawn from the standardized online Eindhoven Running Survey 2016 (ERS2016). In total, 3723 participants completed the questionnaire. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify the different running types, and crosstabs obtained insights into the use of technology between different typologies. Based on the AIOs, four distinct runner types were identified: casual individual, social competitive, individual competitive, and devoted runners. Subsequently, we related the types to their use of sports watches and apps. Our results show a difference in the kinds of technology used by different runner types. Differentiation between types of runners can be useful for health professionals, policymakers involved in public health, engineers, and trainers or coaches to adapt their services to specific segments, in order to make use of the full potential of running-related systems to support runners to stay active and injury-free and contribute to a healthy lifestyle.

ACS Style

Mark Janssen; Ruben Walravens; Erik Thibaut; Jeroen Scheerder; Aarnout Brombacher; Steven Vos. Understanding Different Types of Recreational Runners and How They Use Running-Related Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2276 .

AMA Style

Mark Janssen, Ruben Walravens, Erik Thibaut, Jeroen Scheerder, Aarnout Brombacher, Steven Vos. Understanding Different Types of Recreational Runners and How They Use Running-Related Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Janssen; Ruben Walravens; Erik Thibaut; Jeroen Scheerder; Aarnout Brombacher; Steven Vos. 2020. "Understanding Different Types of Recreational Runners and How They Use Running-Related Technology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2276.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in BMC Public Health
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Running has become one of the most popular sports and has proven benefits for public health. Policy makers are increasingly aware that attractively designed public spaces may promote running. However, little is known about what makes a running environment attractive and restorative for runners and to what extent this depends on characteristics of the runner. This study aims to investigate 1) to what extent intrapersonal characteristics (i.e. motives and attitudes) and perceived environmental characteristics (e.g. quality of the running surface, greenness of the route, feelings of safety and hinderance by other road users) are associated with the perceived attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment and 2) to what extent the number of years of running experience modify these associations. Cross-sectional data were collected through the online Eindhoven Running Survey 2015 (ERS15) among half marathon runners (N = 2477; response rate 26.6%). Linear regression analyses were performed for two outcomes separately (i.e. perceived attractiveness and perceived restorative capacity of the running environment) to investigate their relations with motives and attitudes, perceived environmental characteristics and interactions between perceived environmental characteristics and number of years of running experience. Perceived environmental characteristics, including green and lively routes and a comfortable running surface were more important for runners’ evaluation of the attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment than runners’ motives and attitudes. In contrast to experienced runners, perceived hinder from unleashed dogs and pedestrians positively impacted the attractiveness and restorative capacity for less experienced runners. Perceived environmental characteristics were important determinants of the attractiveness and restorative capacity of the running environment for both novice and experienced runners. However, green and lively elements in the running environment and hinderances by cars were more important for less experienced runners. In order to keep novice runners involved in running it is recommended to design comfortable running tracks and routes and provide good access to attractive, green and lively spaces.

ACS Style

Ineke Deelen; Mark Janssen; Steven Vos; Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis; Dick Ettema. Attractive running environments for all? A cross-sectional study on physical environmental characteristics and runners’ motives and attitudes, in relation to the experience of the running environment. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Ineke Deelen, Mark Janssen, Steven Vos, Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis, Dick Ettema. Attractive running environments for all? A cross-sectional study on physical environmental characteristics and runners’ motives and attitudes, in relation to the experience of the running environment. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ineke Deelen; Mark Janssen; Steven Vos; Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis; Dick Ettema. 2019. "Attractive running environments for all? A cross-sectional study on physical environmental characteristics and runners’ motives and attitudes, in relation to the experience of the running environment." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2018 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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The results show that a variety of features, including design, technical, and behavior change, are considered important for the effectiveness of physical activity-related apps by experts from different fields of expertise. These insights may assist in the development of an improved app rating scale.

ACS Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity–Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2018, 6, e143 .

AMA Style

Joan Dallinga, Mark Janssen, Jet Van Der Werf, Ruben Walravens, Steven Vos, Marije Deutekom. Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity–Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2018; 6 (6):e143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. 2018. "Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity–Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 6, no. 6: e143.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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The scope of technology has expanded towards areas such as sports and vitality, offering significant challenges for engineering designers. However, only little is known about the underlying design and engineering processes used within these fields. Therefore, this paper aims to get an in-depth understanding of these type of processes. During a three-day design competition (Hackathon), three groups of engineers were challenged to develop experience-able prototypes in the field of sports and vitality. Their process was monitored based on the Reflective Transformative Design process (RTD-process) framework, describing the various activities part of the design process. Groups had to keep track of their activities, and six group reflection-sessions were held. Results show that all groups used an open and explorative approach, they frequently swapped between activities, making them able to reflect on their actions. While spending more time on envisioning and creating a clear vision seem to relate to the quality of the design concept.

ACS Style

Mark Janssen; Roy Van Den Heuvel; Carl Megens; Pierre Lévy; Steven Vos. Analysis of the Design and Engineering-Process towards a First Prototype in the Field of Sports and Vitality. Proceedings 2018, 2, 297 .

AMA Style

Mark Janssen, Roy Van Den Heuvel, Carl Megens, Pierre Lévy, Steven Vos. Analysis of the Design and Engineering-Process towards a First Prototype in the Field of Sports and Vitality. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (6):297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Janssen; Roy Van Den Heuvel; Carl Megens; Pierre Lévy; Steven Vos. 2018. "Analysis of the Design and Engineering-Process towards a First Prototype in the Field of Sports and Vitality." Proceedings 2, no. 6: 297.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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The pervasiveness of wearable technology has opened the market for products that analyse running biomechanics and provide feedback to the user. To improve running technique feedback should target specific running biomechanical key points and promote an external focus. Aim for this study was to define and empirically test tailored feedback requirements for optimal motor learning in four consumer available running wearables. First, based on desk research and observations of coaches, a screening protocol was developed. Second, four wearables were tested according to the protocol. Third, results were reviewed, and four experts identified future requirements. Testing and reviewing the selected wearables with the protocol revealed that only two less relevant running biomechanical key points were measured. Provided feedback promotes an external focus of the user. Tailoring was absent in all wearables. These findings indicate that consumer available running wearables have a potential for optimal motor learning but need improvements as well.

ACS Style

Jos Goudsmit; Mark Janssen; Simone Luijten; Steven Vos. Tailored Feedback Requirements for Optimal Motor Learning: A Screening and Validation of Four Consumer Available Running Wearables. Proceedings 2018, 2, 198 .

AMA Style

Jos Goudsmit, Mark Janssen, Simone Luijten, Steven Vos. Tailored Feedback Requirements for Optimal Motor Learning: A Screening and Validation of Four Consumer Available Running Wearables. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (6):198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jos Goudsmit; Mark Janssen; Simone Luijten; Steven Vos. 2018. "Tailored Feedback Requirements for Optimal Motor Learning: A Screening and Validation of Four Consumer Available Running Wearables." Proceedings 2, no. 6: 198.

Preprint
Published: 22 November 2017
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ACS Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. Which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity-related apps? Results of an expert panel approach. 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Joan Dallinga, Mark Janssen, Jet Van Der Werf, Ruben Walravens, Steven Vos, Marije Deutekom. Which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity-related apps? Results of an expert panel approach. . 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. 2017. "Which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity-related apps? Results of an expert panel approach." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 22 November 2017
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BACKGROUND A large number of people participate in individual or unorganized sports on a recreational level. Furthermore, many participants drop out because of injury or lowered motivation. Potentially, physical activity–related apps could motivate people during sport participation and help them to follow and maintain a healthy active lifestyle. It remains unclear what the quality of running, cycling, and walking apps is and how it can be assessed. Quality of these apps was defined as having a positive influence on participation in recreational sports. This information will show which features need to be assessed when rating physical activity–related app quality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify expert perception on which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity–related apps for participation in individual, recreational sports. METHODS Data were gathered via an expert panel approach using the nominal group technique. Two expert panels were organized to identify and rank app features relevant for sport participation. Experts were researchers or professionals in the field of industrial design and information technology (technology expert panel) and in the field of behavior change, health, and human movement sciences who had affinity with physical activity–related apps (health science expert panel). Of the 24 experts who were approached, 11 (46%) agreed to participate. Each panel session consisted of three consultation rounds. The 10 most important features per expert were collected. We calculated the frequency of the top 10 features and the mean importance score per feature (0-100). The sessions were taped and transcribed verbatim; a thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. RESULTS In the technology expert panel, applied feedback and feedforward (91.3) and fun (91.3) were found most important (scale 0-100). Together with flexibility and look and feel, these features were mentioned most often (all n=4 [number of experts]; importance scores=41.3 and 43.8, respectively). The experts in the health science expert panels a and b found instructional feedback (95.0), motivating or challenging (95.0), peer rating and use (92.0), motivating feedback (91.3), and monitoring or statistics (91.0) most important. Most often ranked features were monitoring or statistics, motivating feedback, works good technically, tailoring starting point, fun, usability anticipating or context awareness, and privacy (all n=3-4 [number of experts]; importance scores=16.7-95.0). The qualitative analysis resulted in four overarching themes: (1) combination behavior change, technical, and design features needed; (2) extended feedback and tailoring is advised; (3) theoretical or evidence base as standard; and (4) entry requirements related to app use. CONCLUSIONS The results show that a variety of features, including design, technical, and behavior change, are considered important for the effectiveness of physical activity–related apps by experts from different fields of expertise. These insights may assist in the development of an improved app rating scale.

ACS Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity�Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach (Preprint). 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Joan Dallinga, Mark Janssen, Jet Van Der Werf, Ruben Walravens, Steven Vos, Marije Deutekom. Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity�Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach (Preprint). . 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Dallinga; Mark Janssen; Jet Van Der Werf; Ruben Walravens; Steven Vos; Marije Deutekom. 2017. "Analysis of the Features Important for the Effectiveness of Physical Activity�Related Apps for Recreational Sports: Expert Panel Approach (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 21 July 2017 in PLOS ONE
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Individual and unorganized sports with a health-related focus, such as recreational running, have grown extensively in the last decade. Consistent with this development, there has been an exponential increase in the availability and use of electronic monitoring devices such as smartphone applications (apps) and sports watches. These electronic devices could provide support and monitoring for unorganized runners, who have no access to professional trainers and coaches. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the characteristics of event runners who use running-related apps and sports watches. This knowledge is useful from research, design, and marketing perspectives to adequately address unorganized runners’ needs, and to support them in healthy and sustainable running through personalized technology. Data used in this study are drawn from the standardized online Eindhoven Running Survey 2014 (ERS14). In total, 2,172 participants in the Half Marathon Eindhoven 2014 completed the questionnaire (a response rate of 40.0%). Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the impact of socio-demographic variables, running-related variables, and psychographic characteristics on the use of running-related apps and sports watches. Next, consumer profiles were identified. The results indicate that the use of monitoring devices is affected by socio-demographics as well as sports-related and psychographic variables, and this relationship depends on the type of monitoring device. Therefore, distinctive consumer profiles have been developed to provide a tool for designers and manufacturers of electronic running-related devices to better target (unorganized) runners’ needs through personalized and differentiated approaches. Apps are more likely to be used by younger, less experienced and involved runners. Hence, apps have the potential to target this group of novice, less trained, and unorganized runners. In contrast, sports watches are more likely to be used by a different group of runners, older and more experienced runners with higher involvement. Although apps and sports watches may potentially promote and stimulate sports participation, these electronic devices do require a more differentiated approach to target specific needs of runners. Considerable efforts in terms of personalization and tailoring have to be made to develop the full potential of these electronic devices as drivers for healthy and sustainable sports participation.

ACS Style

Mark Janssen; Jeroen Scheerder; Erik Thibaut; Aarnout Brombacher; Steven Vos. Who uses running apps and sports watches? Determinants and consumer profiles of event runners’ usage of running-related smartphone applications and sports watches. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0181167 .

AMA Style

Mark Janssen, Jeroen Scheerder, Erik Thibaut, Aarnout Brombacher, Steven Vos. Who uses running apps and sports watches? Determinants and consumer profiles of event runners’ usage of running-related smartphone applications and sports watches. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (7):e0181167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Janssen; Jeroen Scheerder; Erik Thibaut; Aarnout Brombacher; Steven Vos. 2017. "Who uses running apps and sports watches? Determinants and consumer profiles of event runners’ usage of running-related smartphone applications and sports watches." PLOS ONE 12, no. 7: e0181167.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Procedia Engineering
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The aim of this paper is to design and test a smartphone application which supports personalized running experiences for less experienced runners. As a result of a multidisciplinary three-step design approach Inspirun was developed. Inspirun is a personalized running-application for Android smartphones that aims to fill the gap between running on your own (static) schedule, and having a personal trainer that accommodates the schedule to your needs and profile. With the use of GPS and Bluetooth heart rate monitor support, a user's progress gets tracked. The application adjusts the training schedule after each training session, motivating the runner without a real life coach. Results from three user studies are promising; participants were very satisfied with the personalized approach, both in the profiling and de adaptation of their training scheme

ACS Style

Steven Vos; Mark Janssen; Jos Goudsmit; Coen Lauwerijssen; Aarnout Brombacher. From Problem to Solution: Developing a Personalized Smartphone Application for Recreational Runners following a Three-step Design Approach. Procedia Engineering 2016, 147, 799 -805.

AMA Style

Steven Vos, Mark Janssen, Jos Goudsmit, Coen Lauwerijssen, Aarnout Brombacher. From Problem to Solution: Developing a Personalized Smartphone Application for Recreational Runners following a Three-step Design Approach. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 147 ():799-805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steven Vos; Mark Janssen; Jos Goudsmit; Coen Lauwerijssen; Aarnout Brombacher. 2016. "From Problem to Solution: Developing a Personalized Smartphone Application for Recreational Runners following a Three-step Design Approach." Procedia Engineering 147, no. : 799-805.