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Lithium-Ion batteries are used in ever more demanding applications regarding operating range and safety requirements. This work presents a series of high-temperature abuse experiments on a nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC)/graphite lithium-ion battery cell, using advanced in-operando measurement techniques like fast impedance spectroscopy and ultrasonic waves, as well as strain-gauges. the presented results show, that by using these methods degradation effects at elevated temperature can be observed in real-time. These methods have the potential to be integrated into a battery management system in the future. Therefore they make it possible to achieve higher battery safety even under the most demanding operating conditions.
Hendrik Zappen; Georg Fuchs; Alexander Gitis; Dirk Uwe Sauer. In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries. Batteries 2020, 6, 25 .
AMA StyleHendrik Zappen, Georg Fuchs, Alexander Gitis, Dirk Uwe Sauer. In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries. Batteries. 2020; 6 (2):25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHendrik Zappen; Georg Fuchs; Alexander Gitis; Dirk Uwe Sauer. 2020. "In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 6, no. 2: 25.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a valuable tool for the characterization of electrical, thermal and aging behavior of batteries. In this paper, an EIS measurement technique to acquire impedance spectra with high time resolution is examined, which can be used to gather impedance data during dynamic operating conditions. A theoretical analysis of the used multi-sine excitation signals is performed in detail and a practical measurement system is presented and validated. Afterwards, EIS measurements during the charging process of a lithium-ion battery are performed and discussed.
Hendrik Zappen; Florian Ringbeck; Dirk Uwe Sauer. Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization. Batteries 2018, 4, 64 .
AMA StyleHendrik Zappen, Florian Ringbeck, Dirk Uwe Sauer. Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization. Batteries. 2018; 4 (4):64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHendrik Zappen; Florian Ringbeck; Dirk Uwe Sauer. 2018. "Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization." Batteries 4, no. 4: 64.
This paper focuses on the hardware aspects of battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicle and stationary applications. The purpose is giving an overview on existing concepts in state-of-the-art systems and enabling the reader to estimate what has to be considered when designing a BMS for a given application. After a short analysis of general requirements, several possible topologies for battery packs and their consequences for the BMS’ complexity are examined. Four battery packs that were taken from commercially available electric vehicles are shown as examples. Later, implementation aspects regarding measurement of needed physical variables (voltage, current, temperature, etc.) are discussed, as well as balancing issues and strategies. Finally, safety considerations and reliability aspects are investigated.
Markus Lelie; Thomas Braun; Marcus Knips; Hannes Nordmann; Florian Ringbeck; Hendrik Zappen; Dirk Uwe Sauer. Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 534 .
AMA StyleMarkus Lelie, Thomas Braun, Marcus Knips, Hannes Nordmann, Florian Ringbeck, Hendrik Zappen, Dirk Uwe Sauer. Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (4):534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkus Lelie; Thomas Braun; Marcus Knips; Hannes Nordmann; Florian Ringbeck; Hendrik Zappen; Dirk Uwe Sauer. 2018. "Battery Management System Hardware Concepts: An Overview." Applied Sciences 8, no. 4: 534.