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Regina M. Rochefort
North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Sedro-Woolley, Washington, United States of America

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Dermatology
Published: 14 October 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Dispersal of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), a keystone species of many high-elevation ecosystems in western North America, depends on Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana Wilson), a seed-caching bird with an affinity for whitebark seeds. To the extent that this dependence is mutual, declines in whitebark seed production could cause declines in nutcracker abundance. Whitebark pine is in decline across much of its range due to interacting stressors, including the non-native pathogen white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch.). We used avian point-count data and tree surveys from four national park units to investigate whether trends in whitebark pine can explain trends in Clark’s nutcracker. Spatial trends were modeled using recent data from two parks, while temporal trends were modeled using longer time-series of nutcracker and whitebark data from two additional parks. To assess the potential dependence of nutcrackers on whitebark, we linked a model of nutcracker density (accounting for detection probability) with a model of whitebark trends, using a Bayesian framework to translate uncertainty in whitebark metrics to uncertainty in nutcracker density. In Mount Rainier National Park, temporal models showed dramatic declines in nutcracker density concurrent with significant increases in whitebark crown mortality and trees infected with white pine blister rust. However, nutcrackers did not trend with whitebark metrics in North Cascades National Park Service Complex. In spatial models of data from Yosemite National Park and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park, nutcracker density varied not only with local cover of whitebark but also with elevation and, in Sequoia-Kings Canyon, with cover of another species of white pine. Our results add support for the hypothesis that the mutualism between whitebark pine and Clark’s nutcracker is vulnerable to disruption by blister rust, and our approach integrates data across monitoring programs to explore trends in species interactions.

ACS Style

Chris Ray; Regina M. Rochefort; Jason I. Ransom; Jonathan C. B. Nesmith; Sylvia A. Haultain; Taza D. Schaming; John R. Boetsch; Mandy L. Holmgren; Robert L. Wilkerson; Rodney B. Siegel. Assessing trends and vulnerabilities in the mutualism between whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) in national parks of the Sierra-Cascade region. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0227161 .

AMA Style

Chris Ray, Regina M. Rochefort, Jason I. Ransom, Jonathan C. B. Nesmith, Sylvia A. Haultain, Taza D. Schaming, John R. Boetsch, Mandy L. Holmgren, Robert L. Wilkerson, Rodney B. Siegel. Assessing trends and vulnerabilities in the mutualism between whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) in national parks of the Sierra-Cascade region. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (10):e0227161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Ray; Regina M. Rochefort; Jason I. Ransom; Jonathan C. B. Nesmith; Sylvia A. Haultain; Taza D. Schaming; John R. Boetsch; Mandy L. Holmgren; Robert L. Wilkerson; Rodney B. Siegel. 2020. "Assessing trends and vulnerabilities in the mutualism between whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) in national parks of the Sierra-Cascade region." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10: e0227161.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2018 in Forests
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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) is a key component of subalpine and alpine ecosystems in the northern Cascades. The species’ survival is threatened by white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire exclusion, and climate change. We monitored whitebark pine in permanent plots in two national parks three times between 2004 and 2016. The proportion of live trees showing evidence of blister rust infection increased in North Cascades National Park Service Complex from 32% in 2004 to 51% in 2016 and from 18% to 38% in Mount Rainier National Park. Mortality increased from 7% to 21% in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and 38% to 44% in Mount Rainier National Park. The percent of live infected and dead whitebark pine increased with south and east aspects and mortality decreased with elevation. Annualized mortality rates calculated for the entire study period were 1.5% in Mount Rainier National Park and 2.3% in North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Although these rates decreased between the first time period (2004–2009) and the second time period (2009–2016), the prevalence of infected and dead whitebark pine increased across all park landscapes over time and increased in smaller diameter whitebark pine trees.

ACS Style

Regina M. Rochefort; Shay Howlin; Lacey Jeroue; John R. Boetsch; Lise P. Grace. Whitebark Pine in the Northern Cascades: Tracking the Effects of Blister Rust on Population Health in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and Mount Rainier National Park. Forests 2018, 9, 244 .

AMA Style

Regina M. Rochefort, Shay Howlin, Lacey Jeroue, John R. Boetsch, Lise P. Grace. Whitebark Pine in the Northern Cascades: Tracking the Effects of Blister Rust on Population Health in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and Mount Rainier National Park. Forests. 2018; 9 (5):244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina M. Rochefort; Shay Howlin; Lacey Jeroue; John R. Boetsch; Lise P. Grace. 2018. "Whitebark Pine in the Northern Cascades: Tracking the Effects of Blister Rust on Population Health in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and Mount Rainier National Park." Forests 9, no. 5: 244.

Report
Published: 01 January 2014 in Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington
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ACS Style

Crystal L. Raymond; David L. Peterson; Regina M. Rochefort. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington 2014, 892, 1 .

AMA Style

Crystal L. Raymond, David L. Peterson, Regina M. Rochefort. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington. 2014; 892 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crystal L. Raymond; David L. Peterson; Regina M. Rochefort. 2014. "Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington." Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington 892, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2013 in Sustainability
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The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and National Park Service (NPS) have highlighted climate change as an agency priority and issued direction to administrative units for responding to climate change. In response, the USFS and NPS initiated the North Cascadia Adaptation Partnership (NCAP) in 2010. The goals of the NCAP were to build an inclusive partnership, increase climate change awareness, assess vulnerability, and develop science-based adaptation strategies to reduce these vulnerabilities. The NCAP expanded previous science-management partnerships on federal lands to a larger, more ecologically and geographically complex region and extended the approach to a broader range of stakeholders. The NCAP focused on two national forests and two national parks in the North Cascades Range, Washington (USA), a total land area of 2.4 million ha, making it the largest science-management partnership of its kind. The NCAP assessed climate change vulnerability for four resource sectors (hydrology and access; vegetation and ecological disturbance; wildlife; and fish) and developed adaptation options for each sector. The NCAP process has proven to be a successful approach for implementing climate change adaptation across a region and can be emulated by other land management agencies in North America and beyond.

ACS Style

Crystal L. Raymond; David L. Peterson; Regina M. Rochefort. The North Cascadia Adaptation Partnership: A Science-Management Collaboration for Responding to Climate Change. Sustainability 2013, 5, 136 -159.

AMA Style

Crystal L. Raymond, David L. Peterson, Regina M. Rochefort. The North Cascadia Adaptation Partnership: A Science-Management Collaboration for Responding to Climate Change. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (1):136-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crystal L. Raymond; David L. Peterson; Regina M. Rochefort. 2013. "The North Cascadia Adaptation Partnership: A Science-Management Collaboration for Responding to Climate Change." Sustainability 5, no. 1: 136-159.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2001 in Canadian Journal of Botany
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Genetic and morphological diversity of Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sw.) D. Don and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (hook.) Cov. were surveyed in Mount Rainier National Park in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Paired populations at high and low elevations were sampled at three study areas between 1720- and 2451-m elevation. Allozyme analysis of four polymorphic loci indicates high levels of genetic diversity within populations (P. empetriformis = 94.2% and P. glanduliflora = 93.4% of total diversity) and significant differences in allele frequencies among populations and study areas. Individual populations are composed of multiple clones with high ratios of local to widespread genotypes. The proportion of distinguishable clones ranges from 32 to 83% within individual populations. Within individual populations, 18-67% of genotypes were restricted to one population. Patterns of morphologic variation, estimated through measurements of leaf width, leaf length, stem extension, and plant height paralleled those displayed by allozyme analysis. Significant differences were found in leaf width and stem length for P. empetriformis and among greenhouse populations for leaf width (P. empetriformis) and leaf length (P. glanduliflora). Species conservation strategies for Phyllodoce should concentrate on the maintenance of within-population levels of diversity, protection of adjacent populations, and protection of safe sites for recruitment of new populations.Key words: conservation, Ericaceae, genetic diversity, morphologic variation, Phyllodoce.

ACS Style

Regina M Rochefort; David L Peterson. Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany 2001, 79, 179 -191.

AMA Style

Regina M Rochefort, David L Peterson. Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany. 2001; 79 (2):179-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina M Rochefort; David L Peterson. 2001. "Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 2: 179-191.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2001 in Canadian Journal of Botany
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ACS Style

Regina M. Rochefort; David L. Peterson. Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany 2001, 79, 179 -191.

AMA Style

Regina M. Rochefort, David L. Peterson. Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany. 2001; 79 (2):179-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina M. Rochefort; David L. Peterson. 2001. "Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 2: 179-191.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 1996 in Arctic and Alpine Research
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ACS Style

Regina M. Rochefort; David L. Peterson. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Trees in Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research 1996, 28, 1 .

AMA Style

Regina M. Rochefort, David L. Peterson. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Trees in Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 1996; 28 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Regina M. Rochefort; David L. Peterson. 1996. "Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Trees in Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.A." Arctic and Alpine Research 28, no. 1: 1.