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Dr. Yiji Lu
Durham University (UK)

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Conference paper
Published: 02 June 2021 in Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering
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Waste heat recovery is an important method to reduce the energy consumption and emissions of industrial processes; however, thermal power fluctuations have posed a great challenge on recovering the industrial waste heat due to the fluctuating and intermittent nature of the temperature and flow rate. In this paper, latent thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change material (PCM) is developed and studied to overcome the fluctuation and intermittence of dynamic thermal sources, for the sake of effective and efficient operation of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems. Firstly, a dynamic heat transfer model for the LTES will be established based on the enthalpy method considering the phase change process and natural convection of liquid PCM. Then, charging performance of the LTES under different fluctuation thermal boundary conditions will be evaluated considering the varying amplitude, frequency and initial temperature. Finally, heat transfer enhancement techniques including geometrical design of fins and multiple PCM layouts will be explored and developed to improve the charging performance of LTES, because of the low thermal conductivity of commonly used TES materials. The developed LTES with optimized heat transfer enhancement techniques is promising to achieve high techno-economic performance under dynamic thermal sources, which is potential to be applied to the organic Rankine cycle systems for industrial waste heat recovery.

ACS Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Numerical Study on Charging Process of Latent Thermal Energy Storage Under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions. Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering 2021, 879 -882.

AMA Style

Zhi Li, Yiji Lu, Xiaoli Yu, Rui Huang, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Numerical Study on Charging Process of Latent Thermal Energy Storage Under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions. Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. 2021; ():879-882.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2021. "Numerical Study on Charging Process of Latent Thermal Energy Storage Under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions." Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering , no. : 879-882.

Editorial
Published: 25 February 2021 in Energy Reports
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ACS Style

Yiji Lu; Haisheng Chen; Liwei Wang; Zitao Yu; Yuqi Huang; Xiaoli Yu; Yaodong Wang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Energy Storage driving towards a clean energy future. Energy Reports 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Yiji Lu, Haisheng Chen, Liwei Wang, Zitao Yu, Yuqi Huang, Xiaoli Yu, Yaodong Wang, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Energy Storage driving towards a clean energy future. Energy Reports. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiji Lu; Haisheng Chen; Liwei Wang; Zitao Yu; Yuqi Huang; Xiaoli Yu; Yaodong Wang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2021. "Energy Storage driving towards a clean energy future." Energy Reports , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Previous studies on phase change material (PCM) selection for latent thermal energy storage (LTES) mainly focused on steady heat source conditions without considering the effects of thermal fluctuation of real heat sources, and how fluctuating heat sources will affect the charging performance of LTES and material selection is still unclear. This study aims to compare the difference in material selection for a shell-and-tube LTES under steady and fluctuating heat sources, which comprehensively considers the effects of PCM thermophysical properties including the melting temperature, density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and latent heat, as well as their interaction effects. By taking heat storage capacity and charging rate as objectives, orthogonal experiment design and stepwise regression analysis have been conducted to specify the significant factors among these parameters under steady and fluctuating heat source conditions. To further investigate the difference in the ranking of candidate PCMs under two conditions, fourteen pre-screened PCMs are ranked under steady and fluctuating heat sources. The results show that the order of prominent factors for heat storage capacity is ρ·Cp, followed by ρ·L under both conditions. However, when considering the charging rate, temperature fluctuation will weaken the effect of melting temperature, and strengthen the effect of specific heat capacity and latent heat. The order of prominent factors for charging rate is λ·Cp and Cp·L under fluctuating heat source. According to the ranking results, LiNO3-NaNO2 within the melting temperature of 100–200 °C has an excellent comprehensive charging performance under both conditions.

ACS Style

Xiaoli Yu; Jinwei Chang; Rui Huang; Yan Huang; Yiji Lu; Zhi Li; Lei Wang. Sensitivity analysis of thermophysical properties on PCM selection under steady and fluctuating heat sources: A comparative study. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 186, 116527 .

AMA Style

Xiaoli Yu, Jinwei Chang, Rui Huang, Yan Huang, Yiji Lu, Zhi Li, Lei Wang. Sensitivity analysis of thermophysical properties on PCM selection under steady and fluctuating heat sources: A comparative study. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 186 ():116527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoli Yu; Jinwei Chang; Rui Huang; Yan Huang; Yiji Lu; Zhi Li; Lei Wang. 2021. "Sensitivity analysis of thermophysical properties on PCM selection under steady and fluctuating heat sources: A comparative study." Applied Thermal Engineering 186, no. : 116527.

Review
Published: 25 December 2020 in Energy Strategy Reviews
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Emission free compressed air powered energy system can be used as the main power source or as an auxiliary power unit in vehicular transportation with advantages of zero carbon emissions and improved the overall energy efficiency of the integrated energy system. This work presented a detailed technological development of compressed-air energy systems. The studies on compressed-air powered powertrain in transport sector are summarised including the design of new valve technologies, prototype developments, and integration of the system. Furthermore, compressed-air based hybrid technologies using different pneumatic hybridisation methods are comprehensively presented aiming to provide in-depth insight on the advantages and limitations of different pneumatic hybridisation. The opportunities and challenges for the compressed-air based technology in transport application are discussed. It can be expected the transformation of energy systems to a cleaner and more sustainable future would promote the technological development and implementation of Zero-Emission compressed air solutions.

ACS Style

Yidong Fang; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. A review of compressed air energy systems in vehicle transport. Energy Strategy Reviews 2020, 33, 100583 .

AMA Style

Yidong Fang, Yiji Lu, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Xiaoli Yu. A review of compressed air energy systems in vehicle transport. Energy Strategy Reviews. 2020; 33 ():100583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yidong Fang; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. 2020. "A review of compressed air energy systems in vehicle transport." Energy Strategy Reviews 33, no. : 100583.

Research article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Applied Energy
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Thermal energy storage (TES) technology is considered to have the greatest potential to balance the demand and supply overcoming the intermittency and fluctuation nature of real-world heat sources, making a more flexible, highly efficient and reliable thermal energy system. This article provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of latent thermal energy storage (LTES) technology with a particular focus on medium-high temperature phase change materials for heat recovery, storage and utilisation. This review aims to identify potential methods to design and optimise LTES heat exchangers for heat recovery and storage, bridging the knowledge gap between the present studies and future technological developments. The key focuses of current work can be described as follows: (1) Insight into moderate-high temperature phase change materials and thermal conductivity enhancement methods. (2) Various configurations of latent thermal energy storage heat exchangers and relevant heat transfer enhancement techniques (3) Applications of latent thermal energy storage heat exchangers with different thermal sources, including solar energy, industrial waste heat and engine waste heat, are discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Jinwei Chang; Xiaonan Yu; Ruicheng Jiang; Xiaoli Yu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Applications and technological challenges for heat recovery, storage and utilisation with latent thermal energy storage. Applied Energy 2020, 283, 116277 .

AMA Style

Zhi Li, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Jinwei Chang, Xiaonan Yu, Ruicheng Jiang, Xiaoli Yu, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Applications and technological challenges for heat recovery, storage and utilisation with latent thermal energy storage. Applied Energy. 2020; 283 ():116277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Jinwei Chang; Xiaonan Yu; Ruicheng Jiang; Xiaoli Yu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2020. "Applications and technological challenges for heat recovery, storage and utilisation with latent thermal energy storage." Applied Energy 283, no. : 116277.

Editorial article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Frontiers in Energy Research
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Editorial: Organic Rankine Cycle for Efficiency Improvement of Industrial Processes and Urban Systems

ACS Style

Enhua Wang; Christos N. Markides; Yiji Lu; Vincent Lemort. Editorial: Organic Rankine Cycle for Efficiency Improvement of Industrial Processes and Urban Systems. Frontiers in Energy Research 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Enhua Wang, Christos N. Markides, Yiji Lu, Vincent Lemort. Editorial: Organic Rankine Cycle for Efficiency Improvement of Industrial Processes and Urban Systems. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enhua Wang; Christos N. Markides; Yiji Lu; Vincent Lemort. 2020. "Editorial: Organic Rankine Cycle for Efficiency Improvement of Industrial Processes and Urban Systems." Frontiers in Energy Research 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The intermittent and fluctuating nature of thermal sources such as solar, geothermal, industrial processes and waste heat from internal combustion engines is one of the most challenging research areas and currently limits the implementation of heat recovery systems such as Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology. Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) using Phase Change Material (PCM) is a promising solution to mitigate fluctuations of thermal sources and maintaining the heat recovery systems under designed conditions. However, the melting process significantly affects the energy storage performance, as well as the design and optimisation of the LTES system under fluctuating thermal conditions. In this study, the melting process of a shell-and-tube LTES unit, under a sinusoidal heat source, is numerically investigated in order to consider the effects of period and amplitude. Then, the effects of PCM thermal conductivity, with and without nanoparticles, were simulated and the heat transfer coefficient of sinusoidal heat source on the melting process is separately analysed under the sinusoidal heat source condition. The parametric study of thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient is conducted to evaluate whether these parameters affect the period and amplitude of sinusoidal heat sources on the melting process of LTES. The results indicate an overall trend of the total melting time and heat storage capacity of LTES decreasing whilst there is an increase of period and amplitude of the fluctuating heat source.

ACS Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Lei Wang; Ruicheng Jiang; Xiaonan Yu; Xiaoli Yu. Parametric study on melting process of a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage under fluctuating thermal conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020, 180, 115898 .

AMA Style

Zhi Li, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Lei Wang, Ruicheng Jiang, Xiaonan Yu, Xiaoli Yu. Parametric study on melting process of a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage under fluctuating thermal conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020; 180 ():115898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Lei Wang; Ruicheng Jiang; Xiaonan Yu; Xiaoli Yu. 2020. "Parametric study on melting process of a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage under fluctuating thermal conditions." Applied Thermal Engineering 180, no. : 115898.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The research on battery thermal management systems in a transient and ultimate perspective is important to maintain the battery temperature within a reasonable range and save energy. In the present study, the transient and ultimate behaviors in a battery module consisting of 48 cells cooled by liquid are considered as the main focus. A lumped mass model with cold plate cooling design is developed to simulate battery module cooling performance. The results suggest that there is a cooling cap upper limit for a cold plate cooling system. When the inlet mass flow rate of the cold plate reaches a certain range, the cooling effect will not be improved obviously any more. The optimal Reynolds number for the designed cold plate and module is 475. In addition, there is a cooling hysteresis time for the indirect cooling structure. When the inlet flow rate increases suddenly, the surface temperature of the cells does not immediately decrease. For example, even with the discharge rate is 1C, the delay time is up to 66.37 s. Therefore, when considering precise control strategies of a battery thermal management system, the dynamic empirical correlations proposed by this study can offer some useful guidance.

ACS Style

Yuqi Huang; Shun Wang; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu. Study on a liquid cooled battery thermal management system pertaining to the transient regime. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020, 180, 115793 .

AMA Style

Yuqi Huang, Shun Wang, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Xiaoli Yu. Study on a liquid cooled battery thermal management system pertaining to the transient regime. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020; 180 ():115793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuqi Huang; Shun Wang; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu. 2020. "Study on a liquid cooled battery thermal management system pertaining to the transient regime." Applied Thermal Engineering 180, no. : 115793.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Research interest in thermocell technology has been increasingly occurring due to its large Seebeck coefficient (~1 mV/K) and flexible structure, which are its unique advantages for use in wearable devices directly converting thermal energy into electricity. It is timely and critical to investigate the technology to potentially overcome the technological drawbacks of thermocell such as its relatively low power density and limited overall energy efficiency. In this paper, the correlation between the performance of a Fe(CN)63−/4− thermocell and ion concentrations are studied through factorial experiments. Solubility tests are conducted to obtain the maximum concentration. Activity coefficient is found non-negligible in the Nernst equation. The saturation line calculated through concentration solubility product shows relatively close agreement with experimental results. Total concentration, as well as the concentration ratio of ions, have a significant effect on the thermocell performance. At the optimised concentration point on the saturation line, power density, Seebeck coefficient and efficiency respectively increase by 7.38%, 8.93% and 5.69%. And the mass of solute decreases by 12.64%, compared with the widely used 1:1 concentration ratio. Results demonstrate to improve the power density of thermocell, the solution needs to be saturated and the ion concentration ratio should be taken into account.

ACS Style

Gao Qian; Xiaoli Yu; Zhi Li; Jiarong Wu; Rui Huang; Yiji Lu. Experimental investigation of a U-tube thermocell under various Fe(CN)63−/4− concentration. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 217, 113005 .

AMA Style

Gao Qian, Xiaoli Yu, Zhi Li, Jiarong Wu, Rui Huang, Yiji Lu. Experimental investigation of a U-tube thermocell under various Fe(CN)63−/4− concentration. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 217 ():113005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao Qian; Xiaoli Yu; Zhi Li; Jiarong Wu; Rui Huang; Yiji Lu. 2020. "Experimental investigation of a U-tube thermocell under various Fe(CN)63−/4− concentration." Energy Conversion and Management 217, no. : 113005.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Energy
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ACS Style

Zhi Li; Xiaoli Yu; Lei Wang; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Jinwei Chang; Ruicheng Jiang. Effects of fluctuating thermal sources on a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage during charging process. Energy 2020, 199, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhi Li, Xiaoli Yu, Lei Wang, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Jinwei Chang, Ruicheng Jiang. Effects of fluctuating thermal sources on a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage during charging process. Energy. 2020; 199 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Li; Xiaoli Yu; Lei Wang; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Jinwei Chang; Ruicheng Jiang. 2020. "Effects of fluctuating thermal sources on a shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage during charging process." Energy 199, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Energy
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ACS Style

Longfei Chen; Guangze Li; Dongqi Huang; Zhichao Zhang; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Experimental and numerical study on the initial tip structure evolution of diesel fuel spray under various injection and ambient pressures. Energy 2019, 186, 1 .

AMA Style

Longfei Chen, Guangze Li, Dongqi Huang, Zhichao Zhang, Yiji Lu, Xiaoli Yu, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Experimental and numerical study on the initial tip structure evolution of diesel fuel spray under various injection and ambient pressures. Energy. 2019; 186 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longfei Chen; Guangze Li; Dongqi Huang; Zhichao Zhang; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2019. "Experimental and numerical study on the initial tip structure evolution of diesel fuel spray under various injection and ambient pressures." Energy 186, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Fuel
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ACS Style

Zhichao Zhang; Yiji Lu; Yaodong Wang; Xiaoli Yu; Andrew Smallbone; Chenxuan Dong; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Comparative study of using multi-wall carbon nanotube and two different sizes of cerium oxide nanopowders as fuel additives under various diesel engine conditions. Fuel 2019, 256, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhichao Zhang, Yiji Lu, Yaodong Wang, Xiaoli Yu, Andrew Smallbone, Chenxuan Dong, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Comparative study of using multi-wall carbon nanotube and two different sizes of cerium oxide nanopowders as fuel additives under various diesel engine conditions. Fuel. 2019; 256 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhichao Zhang; Yiji Lu; Yaodong Wang; Xiaoli Yu; Andrew Smallbone; Chenxuan Dong; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2019. "Comparative study of using multi-wall carbon nanotube and two different sizes of cerium oxide nanopowders as fuel additives under various diesel engine conditions." Fuel 256, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 01 July 2019 in International Journal of Engine Research
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In this study, a new form of hybrid pneumatic combustion engine based on compressed air injection boosting is proposed. The hybrid pneumatic combustion engine regenerates the wasted energy during engine brake to improve the engine performance achieving better fuel economy. The mathematic model of the hybrid pneumatic combustion engine including a supercharged engine and the compressed air tank has been established. The steady-state and transient performance of the engine are analysed. Results show that the air injection boosting system can effectively improve the steady-state performance. Under the speed of 1900 r/min and 100% load, the engine torque and power can be increased from 1039 N m, 206.9 kW to 1057 N m, 210 kW by adopting air injection boosting with the injection pressure of 0.5 MPa. Effects of air injection parameters are also studied, showing that better performance can be achieved under higher air tank pressure and larger injection hole diameter. In addition, a transient analysis is completed under the speed of 1100 r/min. The result shows that when air injection boosting is used, the responding time of the engine to an instant load increase can be potentially reduced from 5.5 to 3.5 s under the injection pressure and duration of 0.5 MPa and 3 s. Meanwhile, the tank pressure has limited influence on the transient performance of the engine.

ACS Style

Yidong Fang; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Lin Su; Zhipeng Fan; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Study of a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine under steady-state and transient conditions for transport application. International Journal of Engine Research 2019, 22, 528 -539.

AMA Style

Yidong Fang, Yiji Lu, Xiaoli Yu, Lin Su, Zhipeng Fan, Rui Huang, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Study of a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine under steady-state and transient conditions for transport application. International Journal of Engine Research. 2019; 22 (2):528-539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yidong Fang; Yiji Lu; Xiaoli Yu; Lin Su; Zhipeng Fan; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2019. "Study of a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine under steady-state and transient conditions for transport application." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 2: 528-539.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2019 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The mini-channel cooling plate has been widely used in the Lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles. The technology development of high efficiency and good temperature uniformity cooling plate can promote the application of electric vehicles by improving the lifespan of the battery. In this study, streamline concept, which is commonly used for the external design of car, aerospace and submarine system to improve the system performance, has been introduced to design and optimise the performance of inner mini channel cooling plate. The flow resistance was proved to be minimised when the streamline shape design was adopted. Moreover, the results have proven the novel designed mini channel cooling plate can keep the heat exchange ability within the acceptable level. The maximum improvement of the heat exchanger efficiency with streamline shape design could be as high as 44.52 %. Results indicated the temperature uniformity could also be effectively improved. The streamline shape mini channel cooling plate could be a promising solution for Lithium-ion battery thermal management.

ACS Style

Yuqi Huang; Pan Mei; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu; Zhuolie Chen; Anthony Paul Roskilly. A novel approach for Lithium-ion battery thermal management with streamline shape mini channel cooling plates. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019, 157, 113623 .

AMA Style

Yuqi Huang, Pan Mei, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Xiaoli Yu, Zhuolie Chen, Anthony Paul Roskilly. A novel approach for Lithium-ion battery thermal management with streamline shape mini channel cooling plates. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019; 157 ():113623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuqi Huang; Pan Mei; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu; Zhuolie Chen; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2019. "A novel approach for Lithium-ion battery thermal management with streamline shape mini channel cooling plates." Applied Thermal Engineering 157, no. : 113623.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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The paper proposes a novel hybrid refrigeration system to convert industrial waste heat into refrigeration. The proposed system integrates Organic Rankine cycle, vapour compression cycle and liquid desiccant technology. The performance evaluation of the system recovering the waste heat from an industrial STACK has been conducted. The hybrid refrigeration system can potentially be used to convert industrial waste heat into refrigeration in the form of sensible cooling effect from vapour compression cycle and latent cooling effect from liquid desiccant unit. Results indicated under 200 kWth, the system can generate around 50 kW sensible cooling and 132 kW latent cooling effect, when the n-butane is the working fluid under 140 oC evaporating temperature. When the ORC condensation temperature is at 80 oC, the overall system COP ranges from 0.8 to 0.96.

ACS Style

Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu. Study of a novel hybrid refrigeration system for industrial waste heat recovery. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 2196 -2201.

AMA Style

Yiji Lu, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Rui Huang, Xiaoli Yu. Study of a novel hybrid refrigeration system for industrial waste heat recovery. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():2196-2201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Rui Huang; Xiaoli Yu. 2019. "Study of a novel hybrid refrigeration system for industrial waste heat recovery." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 2196-2201.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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A combined Trilateral Cycle-Organic Rankine Cycle (TLC-ORC) system for waste heat recovery is proposed in this paper in order to obtain a better matching performance between the heat source and working fluid. Working fluid selection including Cyclohexane, Toluene, Benzene and water for the high temperature cycle is analyzed based on thermodynamic model under different evaporating temperature of high temperature cycle and low temperature cycle. Results show that Toluene has the best performance among the studied four high temperature working fluid. The net power output, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increases with Tevap,HT or Tevap,LT increasing at any a high temperature working fluid. The maximum net power output 11.3 kW, thermal efficiency 24.2% and exergy efficiency 63.2% are achieved by Toluene at Tevap,HT =530 K and Tevap,LT =373 K at the same time. It is also found that evaporator 1 has the largest exergy destruction while condenser 1 has the smallest one among all the components. Meanwhile, the condenser 2 has the lowest exergy efficiency while condenser 1 has the highest one. These results show us the direction to optimize the system parameters to improve the total efficiency of the whole system.

ACS Style

Zhi Li; Rui Huang; Yiji Lu; Antony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. Analysis of a combined trilateral cycle - organic Rankine cycle (TLC-ORC) system for waste heat recovery. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 1786 -1791.

AMA Style

Zhi Li, Rui Huang, Yiji Lu, Antony Paul Roskilly, Xiaoli Yu. Analysis of a combined trilateral cycle - organic Rankine cycle (TLC-ORC) system for waste heat recovery. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():1786-1791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Li; Rui Huang; Yiji Lu; Antony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. 2019. "Analysis of a combined trilateral cycle - organic Rankine cycle (TLC-ORC) system for waste heat recovery." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 1786-1791.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
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Thermal characteristics such as thermal conductivity, permeability, and sorption kinetics, which determines the overall sorbent performance, play as the critical roles in the sorption refrigeration system. In this paper, composite strontium chloride (SrCl2) developed with a host matrix of Expanded Natural Graphite (ENG) has been comprehensively investigated under different densities and mass ratios of salt. Results indicate that the composite sorbent has overall good heat and mass transfer performance. The highest thermal conductivity is 3.07 W/(m.K), which is 15 times higher than normal granular SrCl2. The permeability of composite sorbent ranges from 9.5×10-10 to 9.36×10-14 m2. Sorption performance of composite SrCl2 has also been tested, and the results showed that for the sorption amount ranged between 400 to 700 (g/kg SrCl2) ammonia at 40 minutes in the adsorption process. These quantitative results obtained from this study can be used as crucial parameters to conduct the simulation modelling for the SrCl2-ENG sorption system.

ACS Style

Ke Tang; Yiji Lu; Long Jiang; Liwei Wang; Yaodong Wang; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. Investigation of thermal characteristics of strontium chloride composite sorbent for sorption refrigeration. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2019, 10, 179 -185.

AMA Style

Ke Tang, Yiji Lu, Long Jiang, Liwei Wang, Yaodong Wang, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Xiaoli Yu. Investigation of thermal characteristics of strontium chloride composite sorbent for sorption refrigeration. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2019; 10 ():179-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Tang; Yiji Lu; Long Jiang; Liwei Wang; Yaodong Wang; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu. 2019. "Investigation of thermal characteristics of strontium chloride composite sorbent for sorption refrigeration." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 10, no. : 179-185.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2019 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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The demand of increasing power density of the Internal Combustion Engine promotes the technology development using internal cooling gallery of the piston. The oil flow and heat transfer performance of the piston internal cooling gallery have great influence on the cooling performance, which affects the thermal conditions of the piston and of the entire engine. The experimental study using visualising method is therefore critical and important to observe the flow patterns inside the piston gallery. In this paper, we presented the visualised study of two-phase flow patterns within an open cooling gallery by using a high-speed camera at various crank angles. The effects of motor speed both on the flow patterns and temperature distribution were investigated and the heat transfer mechanisms in gas-liquid two-phase flow during reciprocating motion were explored. Based on the study, the period-doubling phenomenon, which represented the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow, was observed when the speed was around 400–500 rpm. Results indicated the increase of motor speed can effectively improve the cooling performance. Results also showed when the speed was higher than 600 rpm, the reduction of temperatures was quite close, which proven the existence of optimal or minimum requirement of motor speed to achieve good quality cooling performance. The results obtained in this study could be used as a critical reference for numerical studies and important experimental reference to further investigate the design and optimisation of engine cooling gallery for vehicle application.

ACS Style

Xiaoli Yu; Dong Yi; Yuqi Huang; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Experimental investigation of two-phase flow and heat transfer performance in a cooling gallery under forced oscillation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2019, 132, 1306 -1318.

AMA Style

Xiaoli Yu, Dong Yi, Yuqi Huang, Yiji Lu, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Experimental investigation of two-phase flow and heat transfer performance in a cooling gallery under forced oscillation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2019; 132 ():1306-1318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoli Yu; Dong Yi; Yuqi Huang; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2019. "Experimental investigation of two-phase flow and heat transfer performance in a cooling gallery under forced oscillation." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 132, no. : 1306-1318.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2018 in Energy
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In this work, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) integrated with Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) system for engine waste heat recovery has been proposed and investigated to potentially overcome the intermittent and fluctuating operational conditions for vehicle applications. A melting-solidification model has been established to investigate and compare the performance of twelve Phase Change Materials (PCMs) under different heat source conditions. Among the twelve PCMs, LiNO3-KCl-NaNO3 is identified as the optimal PCM for engine exhaust heat recovery. The performance of the ORC system integrating with different volume of LTES using LiNO3-KCl-NaNO3 under dynamic heat source simulating vehicle conditions is studied. Results illustrate the fluctuation of engine exhaust heat can be potentially overcome by using the proposed solution. The condition of 100 L LTES provides 30.4% larger total output work than that of 50 L LTES, while it is merely 1.5% larger than that of 90 L LTES. The performance of three different LTES-ORC scenarios are compared and results show ORC combining with double LTES delivers 17.2% larger total power output than that of single LTES (100 L) under the same operational conditions.

ACS Style

Xiaoli Yu; Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. Investigation of organic Rankine cycle integrated with double latent thermal energy storage for engine waste heat recovery. Energy 2018, 170, 1098 -1112.

AMA Style

Xiaoli Yu, Zhi Li, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang, Anthony Paul Roskilly. Investigation of organic Rankine cycle integrated with double latent thermal energy storage for engine waste heat recovery. Energy. 2018; 170 ():1098-1112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoli Yu; Zhi Li; Yiji Lu; Rui Huang; Anthony Paul Roskilly. 2018. "Investigation of organic Rankine cycle integrated with double latent thermal energy storage for engine waste heat recovery." Energy 170, no. : 1098-1112.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Fuel
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This paper reports the experimental study on lean ignition (LI) and lean blow-off (LB) behaviour of butyl butyrate-based biofuels in a gas turbine combustor. The butyl butyrate-based biofuels were formulated (butyl butyrate–ethanol blends with the volume percentage of ethanol 0, 10%, 30%, 50% respectively, named BE-0, BE-10, BE-30, BE-50). The aviation kerosene RP-3 was also tested as a reference fuel. A combustor of an aero-engine was fabricated to conduct experiments on these fuels. The statistic method Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to correlate LI and LB with fuel properties and operating conditions, and then analyse the significance of these experimental variables. The results indicated that all test biofuels had lower equivalence ratio of LI than RP-3, but the LB between RP-3 and the biofuels of high ethanol fraction (30% and 50%) had no appreciable difference at low air flow rate. The results also demonstrated that fuels with high ethanol fractions tended to ignite and blow off the flame at higher equivalence ratios. Meanwhile, the equivalence ratio of both LI and LB decreased at high inlet air flow rate for all the test fuels. RP-3 could combust under a larger range of air conditions yet its stability was more sensitive to air flow rate than test biofuels. Two predictive equations of LI and LB were obtained via Design of Experiments (DoE) and demonstrated that the lower heating value (LHV) of fuels, air pressure drop in the combustor, fuel pressure and inlet air pressure of the combustor were the main factors influencing LI and LB.

ACS Style

Zhichao Zhang; Longfei Chen; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu; Andrew Smallbone; Yaodong Wang. Lean ignition and blow-off behaviour of butyl butyrate and ethanol blends in a gas turbine combustor. Fuel 2018, 239, 1351 -1362.

AMA Style

Zhichao Zhang, Longfei Chen, Yiji Lu, Anthony Paul Roskilly, Xiaoli Yu, Andrew Smallbone, Yaodong Wang. Lean ignition and blow-off behaviour of butyl butyrate and ethanol blends in a gas turbine combustor. Fuel. 2018; 239 ():1351-1362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhichao Zhang; Longfei Chen; Yiji Lu; Anthony Paul Roskilly; Xiaoli Yu; Andrew Smallbone; Yaodong Wang. 2018. "Lean ignition and blow-off behaviour of butyl butyrate and ethanol blends in a gas turbine combustor." Fuel 239, no. : 1351-1362.