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PATRICIO VALDIVIESO (Ph.D., Katholische Universitaet Eichstaett-Ingoldstadt, 1995). My research focuses on environmental governance, local governments, and social capital in low- and middle-income countries. My research results have been published in some 60 peer-reviewed journal articles and books (orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-6041). My work has been supported by grants from the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of Chile (FONDECYT), Institute for Research in Market Imperfections and Public Policy (MIPP), as well as German Academic Exchange Service, Alexander von Humboldt, Carolina, and Heiwa Nakajima Foundation. In 2008, I was awarded the Georg Forster Research Fellowship in Social Sciences (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) by Freie Universitaet Berlin in Germany. I currently serve as Professor (full) at the Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Instituto de Administración.
Project Goal: The purpose of this project is to analyze institutional conditions that increase the likelihood of local government effectiveness in responding to the threats of climatic change, extreme weather events, and disaster risks. The main focus is to find institutional settings and factors that foster proactive local governments’ interventions in the environmental impact assessment system (EIAS), and investments in critical public infrastructure and maintenance (IIM) (e.g. roads, bridges, drinking water, storm water, sewage systems).
Current Stage: field work, analysis
Project Goal: A novel framework that connects municipal institutional arrangements, linking social capital and polycentric relationships regarding disaster risk reduction and climatic change adaptation; rigorous mixed methodologies (e.g. qualitative analysis and comparison, multisystem approach, dynamic longitudinal analysis, counterfactual simulations); formation of a highly competent interdisciplinary team to work with mixed research methods
Current Stage: follow up research
This research article investigates the causes and consequences of municipal institutional arrangements for the provision of resilient critical infrastructure in municipalities. The study explains how the municipal organizational robustness and external institutional dynamics moderate the relation between capacities, leadership, and local government investment decisions. We examine hypotheses on moderating effects with regression methods, using data from 345 Chilean municipalities over a nine-year period, and analyzing the evidence with support of qualitative data. Our results reveal that municipal organizational robustness—operational rules, planning, managerial flexibility and integration, and accountability—is the most quantitatively outstanding moderating factor. The evidence leads us to deduce that efforts to support local governments in the emerging policy domain of resilient critical infrastructure require special attention to the robustness of municipal institutional arrangements. The results are valid for countries where the local governments have responsibilities to fulfill and their decisions have consequences for the adaptation. Since one of the objectives of the Special Issue “Bringing Governance Back Home—Lessons for Local Government Regarding Rapid Climate Action” is to explore how action is enabled or constrained by institutional relations in which the actors are embedded, this study contributes to achieving the goal.
Patricio Valdivieso; Pablo Neudorfer; Krister Andersson. Causes and Consequences of Local Government Efforts to Reduce Risk and Adapt to Extreme Weather Events: Municipal Organizational Robustness. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7980 .
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Pablo Neudorfer, Krister Andersson. Causes and Consequences of Local Government Efforts to Reduce Risk and Adapt to Extreme Weather Events: Municipal Organizational Robustness. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7980.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Pablo Neudorfer; Krister Andersson. 2021. "Causes and Consequences of Local Government Efforts to Reduce Risk and Adapt to Extreme Weather Events: Municipal Organizational Robustness." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7980.
In this study, we identify institutional factors and processes that foster local government decisions about disaster risk reduction, especially critical infrastructure investments and maintenance. We propose that municipal institutional capacities, organization, leadership, and multilevel governance will affect critical infrastructure investments by local governments. To examine these ideas, we employ qualitative analysis to compare two representative medium–sized cities in Chile. Our results suggest that there are two main institutional factors that constitute the foundation for improvements in critical infrastructure in Chile: municipal institutional context and the local administration’s links with decision makers at higher levels of governance. These results imply that future interventions to strengthen local government efforts for disaster risk reduction in terms of critical infrastructures would benefit from a pre-intervention diagnosis of the target location’s existing institutional context and linkages with external governance actors.
Patricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson. What Motivates Local Governments to Invest in Critical Infrastructure? Lessons from Chile. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3808 .
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Krister P. Andersson. What Motivates Local Governments to Invest in Critical Infrastructure? Lessons from Chile. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3808.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson. 2018. "What Motivates Local Governments to Invest in Critical Infrastructure? Lessons from Chile." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3808.
Patricio Valdivieso; Rodrigo Stumpf González. Presentación. Revista Debates 2018, 12, 9 -12.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Rodrigo Stumpf González. Presentación. Revista Debates. 2018; 12 (2):9-12.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Rodrigo Stumpf González. 2018. "Presentación." Revista Debates 12, no. 2: 9-12.
Este artigo explora a importância dos fatores e processos institucionais na redução do risco de desastres e no desenvolvimento sustentável. Especificamente, o estudo está focado nas decisões dos governos municipais para responder aos riscos percebidos de desastres naturais, mudanças climáticas e necessidades de adaptação. Com o apoio da literatura, utiliza-se uma conceituação e um projeto de pesquisa que inclui análise comparativa dos quatro municípios ou estudos de caso, o estudo explora efeitos de arranjos institucionais nas decisões dos governos locais sobre os orçamentos para a prevenção, investimentos infraestruturas críticas e na redução da vulnerabilidade. Os resultados da análise sugerem que fatores institucionais são combinados, eles não operam de forma isolada ou com efeitos lineares e, portanto, é necessário avançar para uma perspectiva multi-sistémica relativa ao estabelecimento de condições institucionais que as decisões de forma para suportar esforços municípios na redução do risco de desastres e, em um sentido mais amplo, no desenvolvimento sustentável.
Patricio Valdivieso. Reducción de riesgos de desastres y desarrollo sustentable en la escala municipal: relaciones entre factores institucionales, decisiones y resultados. Revista Debates 2018, 12, 121 -167.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. Reducción de riesgos de desastres y desarrollo sustentable en la escala municipal: relaciones entre factores institucionales, decisiones y resultados. Revista Debates. 2018; 12 (2):121-167.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2018. "Reducción de riesgos de desastres y desarrollo sustentable en la escala municipal: relaciones entre factores institucionales, decisiones y resultados." Revista Debates 12, no. 2: 121-167.
We propose a new application of inexpensive LED-based Sun photometers, consisting of measuring the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) with high resolution within metropolitan scales. Previously, these instruments have been used at continental scales by the GLOBE program, but this extension is already covered by more expensive and higher precision instruments of the AERONET global network. For this we built an open source two channeled LED based sun photometer based on previous developments, with improvements in the hardware, software and modifications on the calibration procedure. Among these we highlight the use of MODTRAN to characterize the effect introduced by using LED sensors in the AOT retrieval, an open design available for the scientific community and a calibration procedure that takes advantage of a CIMEL sun photometer located within the city, enables the inter-comparison of several LED sun photometers with a common reference. We estimated the root mean square error in the AOT retrieved by the prototypes as 0.006 at the 564 nm and 0.009 at the 408 nm. This error is way under the magnitude of the AOT daily cycle variability measured by us in our campaigns, even for distances closer than 15 km. In addition to inner city campaigns, we also show aerosol tracing applications by measuring AOT variations from the city of Santiago to the Andes glaciers. Measuring AOT at high spatial resolution in urban areas can improve our understanding of urban scale aerosol circulation, providing information for solar energy planning, health policies and climatological studies, among others.
Felipe Toledo; C. Garrido; M. Díaz; R. Rondanelli; S. Jorquera; Patricio Valdivieso. AOT Retrieval Procedure for Distributed Measurements With Low‐Cost Sun Photometers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2018, 123, 1113 -1131.
AMA StyleFelipe Toledo, C. Garrido, M. Díaz, R. Rondanelli, S. Jorquera, Patricio Valdivieso. AOT Retrieval Procedure for Distributed Measurements With Low‐Cost Sun Photometers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2018; 123 (2):1113-1131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelipe Toledo; C. Garrido; M. Díaz; R. Rondanelli; S. Jorquera; Patricio Valdivieso. 2018. "AOT Retrieval Procedure for Distributed Measurements With Low‐Cost Sun Photometers." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 2: 1113-1131.
Resumen El contexto latinoamericano de exposición a riesgos medioambientales demanda un mayor entendimiento de los factores institucionales que tienen impacto en la gestión medioambiental local. Con el apoyo de métodos mixtos de investigación, este estudio examina hipótesis sobre relaciones entre factores políticos, institucionales, sociales y la gestión medioambiental municipal, en el contexto empírico de municipalidades chilenas. Los resultados sugieren que la combinación de factores políticos, arreglos y capacidades institucionales, y relaciones con la sociedad explican diferentes comportamientos municipales.
Patricio Valdivieso. Facilitadores institucionales y sociales para la gobernanza local de los riesgos medioambientales. Análisis empírico con municipios chilenos. Opinião Pública 2017, 23, 538 -579.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. Facilitadores institucionales y sociales para la gobernanza local de los riesgos medioambientales. Análisis empírico con municipios chilenos. Opinião Pública. 2017; 23 (3):538-579.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2017. "Facilitadores institucionales y sociales para la gobernanza local de los riesgos medioambientales. Análisis empírico con municipios chilenos." Opinião Pública 23, no. 3: 538-579.
We study how the local institutional context shapes local government decisions about responses to perceived threats of natural disasters and climatic change. We draw on institutional theories and field observations to develop hypotheses about the effects of municipal institutional arrangements, social capital, and multilevel governance. To test these ideas, we analyze a unique dataset with over-time observations for almost all local governments in Chile. Our analysis shows multiple institutional conditions supporting proactive local adaptation: municipalities with relatively robust institutional settings tend to devote more resources to environmental risk management and adaptation. We use our quantitative model to show that altering institutional settings can make a difference for increasing local government investments in this area. Although few local governments in Chile currently enjoy favorable institutional conditions for risk reduction and adaptation, our findings identify ways through which external actors may contribute to a more propitious institutional climate.
Patricio Valdivieso; Krister P Andersson; Benjamin Villena-Roldán. Institutional drivers of adaptation in local government decision-making: evidence from Chile. Climatic Change 2017, 143, 157 -171.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Krister P Andersson, Benjamin Villena-Roldán. Institutional drivers of adaptation in local government decision-making: evidence from Chile. Climatic Change. 2017; 143 (1):157-171.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Krister P Andersson; Benjamin Villena-Roldán. 2017. "Institutional drivers of adaptation in local government decision-making: evidence from Chile." Climatic Change 143, no. 1: 157-171.
We draw on neo-institutional theories to understand the impact of local governance performance, government decisions, social capital, and their role in driving local efforts to reduce risks associated with climate change and future disasters. We propose that institutional municipal arrangements and characteristics such as national policies, multilevel governance dynamics, availability of internal regulations, organisational structure, personnel, transparency, social participation and synergistic relationships between social organisations and the municipality influence the balance of costs and benefits, and local government decisions and investments. Using data from Chilean municipalities during 2009 – 2014, we test our hypotheses. Our results show that municipalities with strong political alignment with upper-level government, inclusive decision-making, and multilevel-governance incentives tend to devote more resources to disaster risk reduction.
Patricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. Municipal Governance, Environmental Management and Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries: Comparative Analysis and Lessons from Chile. SSRN Electronic Journal 2017, 1 .
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Krister P. Andersson, Benjamin Villena-Roldan. Municipal Governance, Environmental Management and Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries: Comparative Analysis and Lessons from Chile. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. 2017. "Municipal Governance, Environmental Management and Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries: Comparative Analysis and Lessons from Chile." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
Why do some local governments successfully address issues related to environmental disaster risk management (EDRM), while others do not? This research contributes to a growing literature about the relationships between institutions, multilevel governance, and EDRM at the local level in developing countries. Supported by the frameworks of institutional analysis and polycentric governance, as well as an in-depth case study of three municipalities in Chile (Cauquenes, Lebu, and Panguipulli) with data from primary sources (e.g., interviews, surveys applied to representative samples of householders, and archival research), this study identifies the types of institutional responses that appear to improve governance outcomes. The analysis reveals that municipal operational rules combined with representation, municipal structures, institutional trajectories, and polycentric relationships between municipal governing councils and society are influential factors for successful EDRM.
Patricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson. Local Politics of Environmental Disaster Risk Management. The Journal of Environment & Development 2017, 26, 51 -81.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Krister P. Andersson. Local Politics of Environmental Disaster Risk Management. The Journal of Environment & Development. 2017; 26 (1):51-81.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Krister P. Andersson. 2017. "Local Politics of Environmental Disaster Risk Management." The Journal of Environment & Development 26, no. 1: 51-81.
UNA MIRADA CONSTRUCTIVA PARA LA POLÍTICA DE «TRANSPARENCIA ACTIVA», CASO CHILENO
Patricio Valdivieso; Jillian Bernas; Francisco Ganga. UNA MIRADA CONSTRUCTIVA PARA LA POLÍTICA DE «TRANSPARENCIA ACTIVA», CASO CHILENO. Documentos y Aportes en Administración Pública y Gestion Estatal 2014, 1, 45 -70.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Jillian Bernas, Francisco Ganga. UNA MIRADA CONSTRUCTIVA PARA LA POLÍTICA DE «TRANSPARENCIA ACTIVA», CASO CHILENO. Documentos y Aportes en Administración Pública y Gestion Estatal. 2014; 1 (22):45-70.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Jillian Bernas; Francisco Ganga. 2014. "UNA MIRADA CONSTRUCTIVA PARA LA POLÍTICA DE «TRANSPARENCIA ACTIVA», CASO CHILENO." Documentos y Aportes en Administración Pública y Gestion Estatal 1, no. 22: 45-70.
El presente estudio aborda las complejidades que deben enfrentar las políticas públicas para dar respuestas satisfactorias en el contexto de sociedades funcionalmente diferenciadas. Desde la aproximación de la teoría de sistemas sociales, argumenta a favor de políticas públicas de segundo orden que faciliten los procesos de transformación de sistemas y actores sociales que operan según sus propias lógicas de funcionamiento. Ilustra los problemas derivados de las aproximaciones de primer orden, de comando y control, con la experiencia latinoamericana y chilena en particular.
Arturo Vallejos-Romero; Patricio Valdivieso. Hacia políticas públicas de segundo orden en América latina. Andamios, Revista de Investigación Social 2014, 11, 323 -352.
AMA StyleArturo Vallejos-Romero, Patricio Valdivieso. Hacia políticas públicas de segundo orden en América latina. Andamios, Revista de Investigación Social. 2014; 11 (26):323-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArturo Vallejos-Romero; Patricio Valdivieso. 2014. "Hacia políticas públicas de segundo orden en América latina." Andamios, Revista de Investigación Social 11, no. 26: 323-352.
Este estudio evalúa e interpreta las dificultades que ha encontrado la política chilena de transparencia en los municipios con el apoyo de la teoría de los sistemas sociales. Argumenta que, en el contexto latinoamericano actual, las políticas públicas deben dar respuesta a una sociedad crecientemente compleja y diversificada, con una aproximación de persuasión, dialogo y facilitación. Explica que la política de transparencia, en cuanto intervención de primer orden, ha sido una política de comando y control, y que en su reformulación debiese considerar lo que entienden por transparencia los ciudadanos y los funcionarios municipales.
Patricio Valdivieso; Arturo Vallejos-Romero. Intervenciones politicas de primer orden: el caso de la política chilena de la transparencia. Caderno CRH 2014, 27, 313 -328.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Arturo Vallejos-Romero. Intervenciones politicas de primer orden: el caso de la política chilena de la transparencia. Caderno CRH. 2014; 27 (71):313-328.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Arturo Vallejos-Romero. 2014. "Intervenciones politicas de primer orden: el caso de la política chilena de la transparencia." Caderno CRH 27, no. 71: 313-328.
This paper introduces a rational choice model for multiple kinds of participation to empirically investigate several theoretical determinants of social capital (SC) formation. The framework is rich enough to investigate the importance of individual variables, social/peer effects, endogenous trust, political-institutional, and inequality factors as sources of participation. We show that the aforementioned contextual factors explain SC formation for Chile, but their relative importance varies for each kind of participation. Our second application compares individual-level determinants of SC formation among the largest democracies in the Americas. Gender, age, education, and race show heterogeneous effects across countries. Overall, negative interpersonal trust shocks generate participation increments, and possibly motivate engagement in trustworthy networks. Idiosyncratic factors behind participation and trust are positively correlated, suggesting a common SC stem that manifests in multiple ways. Hence, our empirical approach to SC formation uncovers factors hidden by assumptions in some previous literature.
Patricio Valdivieso; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. Opening the Black Box of Social Capital Formation. American Political Science Review 2014, 108, 121 -143.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso, Benjamin Villena-Roldan. Opening the Black Box of Social Capital Formation. American Political Science Review. 2014; 108 (1):121-143.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. 2014. "Opening the Black Box of Social Capital Formation." American Political Science Review 108, no. 1: 121-143.
Proposers strategically formulate legislative bills before voting takes place. However, spatial voting models that estimate legislator's ideological preferences do not explicitly consider this fact. In our model, proposers determine the ideology and valence of legislative bills to maximize their objective functions. Approaching to the median legislator ideology and increasing costly valence increases the passing probability, but usually decreases the proposer's payoff. Using quantile utility proposer preferences, the model becomes tractable and estimable. In this way, we deal with the bill sample selection problem to estimate legislator's preferences and also, the ideology of proposers, the proposed valence change, and the ideological stance of the status quo in a common scale. Using Chilean Senate 2009-2011 roll call data, our results suggests that (1) political party affiliation significantly affects Senators' ideology, (2) popular, young and male Senators are more extremist, and (3) proposers during Bachelet and Piñera's terms have similar ideologies.
Matteo Triossi; Patricio Valdivieso; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. A Spatial Model of Voting with Endogenous Proposals: Theory and Evidence from the Chilean Senate. SSRN Electronic Journal 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleMatteo Triossi, Patricio Valdivieso, Benjamin Villena-Roldan. A Spatial Model of Voting with Endogenous Proposals: Theory and Evidence from the Chilean Senate. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Triossi; Patricio Valdivieso; Benjamin Villena-Roldan. 2013. "A Spatial Model of Voting with Endogenous Proposals: Theory and Evidence from the Chilean Senate." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
Patricio Valdivieso. Capital Social en Chile mediciones y especificaciones. Revista Política 2012, 48, 1 .
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. Capital Social en Chile mediciones y especificaciones. Revista Política. 2012; 48 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2012. "Capital Social en Chile mediciones y especificaciones." Revista Política 48, no. : 1.
En este estudio presento evidencias sobre la participación ciudadana y el Capital Social (CS) en tres casos sudamericanos - Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile-, con el propósito de revitalizar el debate sobre la opinión pública, cultura política y CS. El estudio parte de los siguientes supuestos: el CS es el resultado de decisiones racionales de las personas, y los diseños políticos, las instituciones y la cultura política tienen efectos en esas decisiones. Con ayuda de un modelo de utilidad, datos de encuestas e información complementaria, analizo información sobre asociativismo y confianza, y otras variables socio-económicas, demográficas y políticas relacionadas. Las conclusiones son: a mediados de la década del 2000, Montevideo, Porto Alegre y Santiago de Chile disponían de un stock de CS equivalente al de sociedades desarrolladas; en esas ciudades, y por extensión en los países, los factores político-institucionales y de cultura política tuvieron efectos en la confianza y la disposición de las personas a participar, operando de forma variada, en relación con distintos contextos y situaciones de participación. En el análisis más desagregado del caso de Chile en el nivel municipal, se observan las mismas relaciones.
Patricio Valdivieso. Capital social y participación,una perspectiva desde el Cono Sur de América: Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile. Opinião Pública 2012, 18, 129 -153.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. Capital social y participación,una perspectiva desde el Cono Sur de América: Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile. Opinião Pública. 2012; 18 (1):129-153.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2012. "Capital social y participación,una perspectiva desde el Cono Sur de América: Porto Alegre, Montevideo y Santiago de Chile." Opinião Pública 18, no. 1: 129-153.
Alcanzadas ciertas condiciones mínimas para que la participación ciudadana sea posible, tales como son el imperio del orden político democrático y la superación de las desigualdades más extremas, es posible perfeccionar políticas e instrumentos que incrementen la calidad de la participación y promuevan el Capital Social. Mi principal hipótesis en este estudio es que los estados latinoamericanos disponen de instrumentos de participación ciudadana que podrían ser perfeccionados a fin de lograr una mayor integración y sinergia, especialmente en los espacios locales. A partir del análisis del caso de Chile, en este estudio ofrezco un diagnostico sobre los avances y obstáculos, y propuestas para la discusión y el progreso en las políticas de participación en el nivel local.
Patricio Valdivieso. POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA Y CAPITAL SOCIAL EN CHILE. Revista Debates 2012, 6, 149 .
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA Y CAPITAL SOCIAL EN CHILE. Revista Debates. 2012; 6 (1):149.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2012. "POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA Y CAPITAL SOCIAL EN CHILE." Revista Debates 6, no. 1: 149.
In Chile, the structure of the state has become modernised and decentralised, and the municipalities play an important role in this development. As a result, there are expectations of policies for participation that direct the concerns of citizens with respect to public policies at a local level. Similar to other states in Latin America, Chile enjoys policies that could be perfected in an effort to achieve better integration and synergy among them, especially in the municipalities. This article presents arguments and evidence in the case of Chile in respect of mechanisms of participation, associative life and confidence in the municipalities, as well as proposing ways to perfect public policies for local participation.
Patricio Valdivieso. Policies for Participation, Life in Association and Confidence, Implications in the Case of Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research 2012, 31, 336 -351.
AMA StylePatricio Valdivieso. Policies for Participation, Life in Association and Confidence, Implications in the Case of Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 2012; 31 (3):336-351.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Valdivieso. 2012. "Policies for Participation, Life in Association and Confidence, Implications in the Case of Chile." Bulletin of Latin American Research 31, no. 3: 336-351.