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The negative impacts of road salt (primarily NaCl) on freshwater ecosystems and ground and surface waters used for drinking purposes have been extensively documented. Besides direct increases in chloride (Cl−) and sodium (Na+) concentrations in receiving waters, these ions are responsible for a myriad of soil chemical changes and processes resulting in increased corrosivity of water and subsequent leaching of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu); mobilization of heavy metals in soils to ground and surface water including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cu, Pb, nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn); and radionuclide mobilization presenting increased risks to drinking water quality. This article summarizes literature describing the mechanisms and the implications of road salt on water corrosivity and mobilization of both metals and radionuclides on groundwater resources and public health.
Andrew Lazur; Tiffany VanDerwerker; Kevin Koepenick. Review of Implications of Road Salt Use on Groundwater Quality—Corrosivity and Mobilization of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2020, 231, 1 -10.
AMA StyleAndrew Lazur, Tiffany VanDerwerker, Kevin Koepenick. Review of Implications of Road Salt Use on Groundwater Quality—Corrosivity and Mobilization of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2020; 231 (9):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Lazur; Tiffany VanDerwerker; Kevin Koepenick. 2020. "Review of Implications of Road Salt Use on Groundwater Quality—Corrosivity and Mobilization of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231, no. 9: 1-10.
We investigated if geologic factors are linked to elevated arsenic (As) concentrations above 5 μg/L in well water in the state of Virginia, USA. Using geologic unit data mapped within GIS and two datasets of measured As concentrations in well water (one from public wells, the other from private wells), we evaluated occurrences of elevated As (above 5 μg/L) based on geologic unit. We also constructed a logistic regression model to examine statistical relationships between elevated As and geologic units. Two geologic units, including Triassic-aged sedimentary rocks and Triassic-Jurassic intrusives of the Culpeper Basin in north-central Virginia, had higher occurrences of elevated As in well water than other geologic units in Virginia. Model results support these patterns, showing a higher probability for As occurrence above 5 μg/L in well water in these two units. Due to the lack of observations (<5%) having elevated As concentrations in our data set, our model cannot be used to predict As concentrations in other parts of the state. However, our results are useful for identifying areas of Virginia, defined by underlying geology, that are more likely to have elevated As concentrations in well water. Due to the ease of obtaining publicly available data and the accessibility of GIS, this study approach can be applied to other areas with existing datasets of As concentrations in well water and accessible data on geology.
Tiffany Vanderwerker; Lin Zhang; Erin Ling; Brian Benham; Madeline Schreiber. Evaluating Geologic Sources of Arsenic in Well Water in Virginia (USA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 787 .
AMA StyleTiffany Vanderwerker, Lin Zhang, Erin Ling, Brian Benham, Madeline Schreiber. Evaluating Geologic Sources of Arsenic in Well Water in Virginia (USA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (4):787.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiffany Vanderwerker; Lin Zhang; Erin Ling; Brian Benham; Madeline Schreiber. 2018. "Evaluating Geologic Sources of Arsenic in Well Water in Virginia (USA)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 787.