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Background: Consumer demand for organic spelt wheat has increased rapidly and production has expanded into semi-arid regions, where it was not traditionally grown. Methods: Here, we report the results of a factorial field experiment designed to compare the performance of four spelt varieties grown in rain-fed and irrigated, conventional and organic production systems in a semi-arid environment. Results: Irrigation resulted in 2.5-fold higher grain yields, a reduction in grain protein, taller plants and an increase in stem lodging. While yields of all varieties were similar and low in rain-fed production, the variety Züricher Oberländer Rotkorn (ZOR) produced the highest, Filderstolz and Oberkulmer intermediate and the variety Rubiota the lowest grain yields in irrigated systems. Organic production with chicken or sheep manure as fertilizer resulted in 15% higher yields that mineral NPK fertilizer-based conventional production protocols. Conclusions: Rain-fed spelt production results in very low yields and is therefore unlikely to be commercially viable. Results suggest that organic fertilization regimes and the variety ZOR will result in the highest yields in irrigated systems, while the two traditional spelt varieties Filderstolz and Oberkulmer will more reliably produce grain protein levels that comply with bread-making quality standards.
Juan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Recep Korkut; Hassan Kalee; Liza Wood; Paul Bilsborrow; Dagmar Janovska; Alice Leifert; Sarah Winter; Adam Willson; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos; Nikolaos Volakakis. Performance of Modern and Traditional Spelt Wheat (Triticum spelta) Varieties in Rain-Fed and Irrigated, Organic and Conventional Production Systems in a Semi-Arid Environment; Results from Exploratory Field Experiments in Crete, Greece. Agronomy 2021, 11, 890 .
AMA StyleJuan Wang, Marcin Baranski, Recep Korkut, Hassan Kalee, Liza Wood, Paul Bilsborrow, Dagmar Janovska, Alice Leifert, Sarah Winter, Adam Willson, Bronwyn Barkla, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos, Nikolaos Volakakis. Performance of Modern and Traditional Spelt Wheat (Triticum spelta) Varieties in Rain-Fed and Irrigated, Organic and Conventional Production Systems in a Semi-Arid Environment; Results from Exploratory Field Experiments in Crete, Greece. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Recep Korkut; Hassan Kalee; Liza Wood; Paul Bilsborrow; Dagmar Janovska; Alice Leifert; Sarah Winter; Adam Willson; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos; Nikolaos Volakakis. 2021. "Performance of Modern and Traditional Spelt Wheat (Triticum spelta) Varieties in Rain-Fed and Irrigated, Organic and Conventional Production Systems in a Semi-Arid Environment; Results from Exploratory Field Experiments in Crete, Greece." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 890.
Here we report the results of a three-year replicated field trial on the effects of novel clover- and alfalfa-based fertilizer products (Ekofert® K and Ekofert® L), with the input levels equivalent to 120, 180, or 240 kg N ha−1, on the yield and selected sensory and nutritional quality parameters of onion. The study showed that Ekofert fertilizer applied at all three levels produced similar or higher yields than the standard fertilization regimes used in conventional farming in all three seasons. Significant differences in onion composition profiles between fertilization treatments were detected within individual seasons; however, due to substantial interseasonal variation, no consistent differences could be detected between (i) mineral N and Ekofert fertilizer treatments, (ii) the two different Ekofert products, and (iii) contrasting Ekofert input levels. Results demonstrate that clover- and alfalfa-based pelleted organic fertilizer products are a suitable alternative for intensive organic field vegetable production.
Renata Kazimierczak; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Marcin Barański; Ewelina Hallmann; Rita Góralska-Walczak; Klaudia Kopczyńska; Ewa Rembiałkowska; Jan Górski; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos; Stanisław Kaniszewski. The Effect of Different Fertilization Regimes on Yield, Selected Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds Profiles of Onion. Agronomy 2021, 11, 883 .
AMA StyleRenata Kazimierczak, Dominika Średnicka-Tober, Marcin Barański, Ewelina Hallmann, Rita Góralska-Walczak, Klaudia Kopczyńska, Ewa Rembiałkowska, Jan Górski, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos, Stanisław Kaniszewski. The Effect of Different Fertilization Regimes on Yield, Selected Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds Profiles of Onion. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenata Kazimierczak; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Marcin Barański; Ewelina Hallmann; Rita Góralska-Walczak; Klaudia Kopczyńska; Ewa Rembiałkowska; Jan Górski; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos; Stanisław Kaniszewski. 2021. "The Effect of Different Fertilization Regimes on Yield, Selected Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds Profiles of Onion." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 883.
The antioxidants found in grapes and wine have been linked to health benefits in humans, but may be affected by agronomic parameters, grape type/variety, and processing. Here, we report results of a farm survey which investigated the effects of production system (organic vs. conventional) and grape variety on fruit yield, total antioxidant activity/capacity (TAA, assessed by the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays), and total concentrations of total phenolics (TPC) and anthocyanins (TAC) in grapes of one red (Kotsifali) and two white (Villana and/or Vidiano) traditional Cretan grape varieties. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that grape variety choice had a more substantial effect on TPC, TAA, and TAC than primary production protocols, and significant interactions were identified between production system and grape variety choice for TAATEAC. Specifically, TAATEAC was significantly (57%) higher in organic than conventional Vidiano grapes, while there was no significant effect of production system on TAATEAC in Kotsifali and Villana grapes. As expected from previous studies, the TAC was substantially higher in red Kotsifali grapes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified grape variety as the only strong explanatory variable/driver for yield, TPC, TAA, and TAC of table grapes, and positive associations were detected between the variety Vidiano and both TPC and TAATEAC. All other explanatory variables included in the RDA (including supplementary irrigation, orchard orientation, production system, soil type, vineyard age, plant density, and fertiliser inputs) explained only a small proportion of the additional variation.
Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Eleni Chatzidimitrou; Juan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Nikolaos Volakakis; Panagiotis Pakos; Chris Seal; Eduardo Rosa; Emilia Markellou; Per Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Adam Willson; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of Organic and Conventional Production Methods on Fruit Yield and Nutritional Quality Parameters in Three Traditional Cretan Grape Varieties: Results from a Farm Survey. Foods 2021, 10, 476 .
AMA StyleGultakin Hasanaliyeva, Eleni Chatzidimitrou, Juan Wang, Marcin Baranski, Nikolaos Volakakis, Panagiotis Pakos, Chris Seal, Eduardo Rosa, Emilia Markellou, Per Iversen, Vanessa Vigar, Adam Willson, Bronwyn Barkla, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of Organic and Conventional Production Methods on Fruit Yield and Nutritional Quality Parameters in Three Traditional Cretan Grape Varieties: Results from a Farm Survey. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGultakin Hasanaliyeva; Eleni Chatzidimitrou; Juan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Nikolaos Volakakis; Panagiotis Pakos; Chris Seal; Eduardo Rosa; Emilia Markellou; Per Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Adam Willson; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2021. "Effect of Organic and Conventional Production Methods on Fruit Yield and Nutritional Quality Parameters in Three Traditional Cretan Grape Varieties: Results from a Farm Survey." Foods 10, no. 2: 476.
Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of “adaptive” phenotypes and should be investigated further.
Marcin Barański; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Leonidas Rempelos; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska; Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta; Tomasz Królikowski; Ewa Rembiałkowska; Jana Hajslova; Vera Schulzova; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Ewelina Hallmann; Chris Seal; Per Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert. Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 377 .
AMA StyleMarcin Barański, Dominika Średnicka-Tober, Leonidas Rempelos, Gultakin Hasanaliyeva, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta, Tomasz Królikowski, Ewa Rembiałkowska, Jana Hajslova, Vera Schulzova, Ismail Cakmak, Levent Ozturk, Ewelina Hallmann, Chris Seal, Per Iversen, Vanessa Vigar, Carlo Leifert. Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Barański; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Leonidas Rempelos; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska; Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta; Tomasz Królikowski; Ewa Rembiałkowska; Jana Hajslova; Vera Schulzova; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Ewelina Hallmann; Chris Seal; Per Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert. 2021. "Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 377.
Grapes contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites and antioxidants that have been linked to a reduction of several chronic diseases. Here, we report results of a UK retail survey, which investigated the effect of the production region (Mediterranean vs. South Africa), grape type (white vs. red vs. black) and variety, and production system (organic vs. conventional) on antioxidant activity and concentrations of phenolic compounds in table grapes. Black grapes had ~180% total antioxidant activity (TAA), ~60% higher total phenolic content (TPC) and ~40 times higher anthocyanin concentrations (TAC) than white grapes, while red grapes had intermediate levels of TAA, TPC and TAC. The effects of season and production system and differences between varieties of the same grape type were substantially smaller. Grapes imported from Mediterranean countries in summer had a 14% higher TPC and ~20% higher TAA than grapes imported from South Africa in winter, and organic grapes had a 16% higher TPC and 22% higher TAA, but ~30% lower TAC than conventional grapes. Significant differences in TPC, TAA and/or TAC between organic and conventional grapes could only be detected for specific grape types, varieties and/or sampling years.
Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Eleni Chatzidimitrou; Juan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Nikolaos Volakakis; Chris Seal; Eduardo A. S. Rosa; Per Ole Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effects of Production Region, Production Systems and Grape Type/Variety on Nutritional Quality Parameters of Table Grapes; Results from a UK Retail Survey. Foods 2020, 9, 1874 .
AMA StyleGultakin Hasanaliyeva, Eleni Chatzidimitrou, Juan Wang, Marcin Baranski, Nikolaos Volakakis, Chris Seal, Eduardo A. S. Rosa, Per Ole Iversen, Vanessa Vigar, Bronwyn Barkla, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effects of Production Region, Production Systems and Grape Type/Variety on Nutritional Quality Parameters of Table Grapes; Results from a UK Retail Survey. Foods. 2020; 9 (12):1874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGultakin Hasanaliyeva; Eleni Chatzidimitrou; Juan Wang; Marcin Baranski; Nikolaos Volakakis; Chris Seal; Eduardo A. S. Rosa; Per Ole Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Bronwyn Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2020. "Effects of Production Region, Production Systems and Grape Type/Variety on Nutritional Quality Parameters of Table Grapes; Results from a UK Retail Survey." Foods 9, no. 12: 1874.
It has been frequently suggested that varieties bred/selected under conventional farming conditions lack important traits required for optimum performance under low agrochemical input conditions. However, there is limited scientific information about interactions between cultivars bred/selected for the low input vs conventional farming sector and innovative crop agronomic strategies on crop health, yield and quality parameters to support this hypothesis. The main objective of this pilot study was therefore to compare the effect of contrasting fertilisation and crop protection regimes used in organic and conventional farming on crop health and performance parameter in two wheat varieties developed for organic/low input and conventional farming systems respectively. Results indicate that both leaf phenolic and flavonoid compounds, were positively associated with use of the ‘long straw’ variety Aszita and to a lesser extent composted FYM fertiliser inputs, while they were negatively associated with mineral N-fertiliser inputs, plant N uptake and use of the ‘short straw’ variety Solstice. On the other hand foliar and ear disease severity were positively associated with plant N uptake, use of the variety Solstice and the use of mineral fertilisers, while they were negatively associated with composted FYM fertiliser inputs, leaf phenolic/flavonoid concentrations and the use of the variety Aszita. Overall findings suggest that low input farming-focused breeding programmes might deliver varieties such as Aszita that have lower yield potential, but have higher grain protein, leaf phenolic concentrations, and foliar disease resistance under low-input conditions. Future studies should investigate whether the higher foliar phenolic levels found in low input varieties are linked to disease resistance and if they are also expressed in the grain.
Leonidas Rempelos; Mohammed Saleh Bady Almuayrifi; Marcin Baranski; Catherine Tetard-Jones; Bronwyn Barkla; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Julia Cooper; Nikolaos Volakakis; Gavin Hall; Bingqiang Zhao; Terry J. Rose; Juan Wang; Hassan A. Kalee; Enas Sufar; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Paul Bilsborrow; Carlo Leifert. The effect of agronomic factors on crop health and performance of winter wheat varieties bred for the conventional and the low input farming sector. Field Crops Research 2020, 254, 107822 .
AMA StyleLeonidas Rempelos, Mohammed Saleh Bady Almuayrifi, Marcin Baranski, Catherine Tetard-Jones, Bronwyn Barkla, Ismail Cakmak, Levent Ozturk, Julia Cooper, Nikolaos Volakakis, Gavin Hall, Bingqiang Zhao, Terry J. Rose, Juan Wang, Hassan A. Kalee, Enas Sufar, Gultakin Hasanaliyeva, Paul Bilsborrow, Carlo Leifert. The effect of agronomic factors on crop health and performance of winter wheat varieties bred for the conventional and the low input farming sector. Field Crops Research. 2020; 254 ():107822.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonidas Rempelos; Mohammed Saleh Bady Almuayrifi; Marcin Baranski; Catherine Tetard-Jones; Bronwyn Barkla; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Julia Cooper; Nikolaos Volakakis; Gavin Hall; Bingqiang Zhao; Terry J. Rose; Juan Wang; Hassan A. Kalee; Enas Sufar; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Paul Bilsborrow; Carlo Leifert. 2020. "The effect of agronomic factors on crop health and performance of winter wheat varieties bred for the conventional and the low input farming sector." Field Crops Research 254, no. : 107822.
Wheat is one of the main dietary sources for mycotoxins that can cause adverse health effects in humans. Here we report results of a 3-year survey which compared the effects of flour type (whole-grain vs white), wheat species (common vs spelt), and farming system (organic vs conventional) on mycotoxin concentrations in UK and German wheat flour brands. Wholegrain, conventional and organic flour contained 124, 31 and 9% higher concentrations of T-2/HT-2, DON and ZEA respectively, but concentrations of the three Fusarium mycotoxins assessed were ~10 times lower than the EC-maximum contamination levels (MCL). Thirty one percent of flour samples had Ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations above the MCL (3 µg/kg), but OTA levels were no affected by wheat species, farming system and flour type. Results suggest that both organic and conventional primary production methods and postharvest quality assurance systems are effective for maintaining Fusarium mycotoxins, but not OTA concentrations, below the MCL.
Juan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood.; Emilia Markellou.; Per Ole Iversen; Aksel Bernhoft; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski.; Vanessa Vigar; Laura Ernst; Adam Willson; Bronwyn J. Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour; results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 1. Mycotoxin content. Food Chemistry 2020, 327, 127011 .
AMA StyleJuan Wang, Gultakin Hasanalieva, Liza Wood., Emilia Markellou., Per Ole Iversen, Aksel Bernhoft, Chris Seal, Marcin Baranski., Vanessa Vigar, Laura Ernst, Adam Willson, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour; results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 1. Mycotoxin content. Food Chemistry. 2020; 327 ():127011.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood.; Emilia Markellou.; Per Ole Iversen; Aksel Bernhoft; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski.; Vanessa Vigar; Laura Ernst; Adam Willson; Bronwyn J. Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2020. "Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour; results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 1. Mycotoxin content." Food Chemistry 327, no. : 127011.
There is strong evidence for health benefits from whole-grain wheat consumption and these have been linked to their higher fibre, antioxidant/(poly)phenolic and mineral contents. However, there is still scientific controversy about the relative effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta) and production methods (conventional vs organic) on the nutritional composition of wheat. The retail survey reported here showed that, the use of spelt varieties and organic production results in significantly higher (between 10 and 64%) levels of phenolics and some minerals in wheat flour. However, the relative effect of removing the outer bran and germ during milling was substantially larger; levels of antioxidant activity, and many phenolic compounds and mineral nutrients were 2–5 times higher in whole-grain than white flour. Organic flour contained higher concentrations of the undesirable metals Al and Ni (12% and 81% respectively), and spelt flour had 28% higher concentrations of the toxic metal Cd.
Juan Wang; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Liza Wood; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Laura Ernst; Adam Willson; Manisha Thapa; Bronwyn J. Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 2. Antioxidant activity, and phenolic and mineral content. Food Chemistry: X 2020, 6, 100091 .
AMA StyleJuan Wang, Eleni Chatzidimitriou, Liza Wood, Gultakin Hasanalieva, Emilia Markellou, Per Ole Iversen, Chris Seal, Marcin Baranski, Vanessa Vigar, Laura Ernst, Adam Willson, Manisha Thapa, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 2. Antioxidant activity, and phenolic and mineral content. Food Chemistry: X. 2020; 6 ():100091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Wang; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Liza Wood; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Laura Ernst; Adam Willson; Manisha Thapa; Bronwyn J. Barkla; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2020. "Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 2. Antioxidant activity, and phenolic and mineral content." Food Chemistry: X 6, no. : 100091.
Researching the distinguishing factors of nutritional milk quality is key to sustainable production and addresses increasing media and scientific scrutiny regarding human health effects and ecological impacts of dairy products. Modern Western diets have high omega-6 relative to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) consumption. This ratio in milk can be manipulated by management practices; increasing forage in dairy diets raises omega-3 in milk. Whilst studies identify higher concentrations of nutritionally beneficial FAs in organic dairy, milk from 100% forage-fed cows in the UK has not been investigated. This study explores differences in FA composition between supermarket conventional and organic and Pasture for Life Association (PFLA) milk, collected in April, July and October, 2017. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (+94%) and omega-3 (+92%) than conventional milk. Additionally, concentrations of palmitic acid (+11%), omega-6 (+69%) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (+201%) were higher in conventional than PFLA milk. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid (+39%), conjugated linoleic acid (+30%) and omega-3 (+21%) and lower concentrations of omega-6 (−36%) and a lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (−44%) than organic milk. This supports previous studies and demonstrates the scope to improve milk FA profiles further for potential health benefits through pasture-based management.
Hannah Davis; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Carlo Leifert; Gillian Butler. Evidence That Forage-Fed Cows Can Enhance Milk Quality. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3688 .
AMA StyleHannah Davis, Eleni Chatzidimitriou, Carlo Leifert, Gillian Butler. Evidence That Forage-Fed Cows Can Enhance Milk Quality. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3688.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHannah Davis; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Carlo Leifert; Gillian Butler. 2020. "Evidence That Forage-Fed Cows Can Enhance Milk Quality." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3688.
Wheat is a major component of the Northern European diet and contributes significantly to dietary pesticide exposure. Here we report results of a 2-year retail survey, which compared pesticide residues in organic and conventional, whole-grain and white, common and Spelt wheat flour brands available in the UK and Germany. Pesticide residues were detected significantly more frequently in conventional (87%) than organic (25%) flour samples. Chlormequat, a plant growth regulator, was the most frequently detected compound. Total concentrations of pesticide residues were (a) ~4 times higher in conventional than organic, (b) ~100% higher in common than Spelt wheat flour and (c) ~110% higher in conventional whole-grain than white flour samples, but (d) not significantly different in organic whole-grain and white flour. Results suggest that the use of organic wheat products allows increased whole-grain cereal consumption in line with nutritional recommendations, without an increase in dietary pesticide intake.
Juan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Georgios Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Maroula Kiousi; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content. Food Chemistry: X 2020, 7, 100089 .
AMA StyleJuan Wang, Gultakin Hasanalieva, Liza Wood, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Georgios Ampadogiannis, Eleftheria Bempelou, Maroula Kiousi, Emilia Markellou, Per Ole Iversen, Chris Seal, Marcin Baranski, Vanessa Vigar, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content. Food Chemistry: X. 2020; 7 ():100089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Georgios Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Maroula Kiousi; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2020. "Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content." Food Chemistry: X 7, no. : 100089.
We would like to thank Di Renzo et al
Vanessa Vigar; Christopher Oliver; Carlo Leifert; Stephen P Myers. Reply to “Comment on: A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients 2020, 12, 7”. Nutrients 2020, 12, 695 .
AMA StyleVanessa Vigar, Christopher Oliver, Carlo Leifert, Stephen P Myers. Reply to “Comment on: A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients 2020, 12, 7”. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (3):695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Vigar; Christopher Oliver; Carlo Leifert; Stephen P Myers. 2020. "Reply to “Comment on: A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients 2020, 12, 7”." Nutrients 12, no. 3: 695.
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is one of the most important courgette diseases with high yield losses and is currently controlled by fungicides and sulphur applications in conventional and organic production. Plant derived elicitors/inducers of resistance are natural compounds that induce resistance to pathogen attack and promote a faster and/or more robust activation of plant defense responses. Giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis, RS) extract is a known elicitor of plant defenses but its mode of action remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of foliar RS applications and how these affect PM severity and crop performance when used alone or in combination with genetic resistance. RS foliar treatments significantly reduced conidial germination and PM severity on both an intermediate resistance (IR) and a susceptible (S) genotype. RS application triggered plant defense responses, which induced the formation of callose papillae, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and the Salicylic acid (SA) - dependent pathway. Increased SA production was detected along with increased p-coumaric and caffeic acid concentrations. These findings clearly indicate that RS elicits plant defenses notably as a consequence of SA pathway induction.
Theoni Margaritopoulou; Eleftheria Toufexi; Dimosthenis Kizis; George Balayiannis; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Andreas Theocharis; Leonidas Rempelos; Yerasimos Troyanos; Carlo Leifert; Emilia Markellou. Reynoutria sachalinensis extract elicits SA-dependent defense responses in courgette genotypes against powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -17.
AMA StyleTheoni Margaritopoulou, Eleftheria Toufexi, Dimosthenis Kizis, George Balayiannis, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Andreas Theocharis, Leonidas Rempelos, Yerasimos Troyanos, Carlo Leifert, Emilia Markellou. Reynoutria sachalinensis extract elicits SA-dependent defense responses in courgette genotypes against powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheoni Margaritopoulou; Eleftheria Toufexi; Dimosthenis Kizis; George Balayiannis; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Andreas Theocharis; Leonidas Rempelos; Yerasimos Troyanos; Carlo Leifert; Emilia Markellou. 2020. "Reynoutria sachalinensis extract elicits SA-dependent defense responses in courgette genotypes against powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-17.
Intensifying agricultural production alters food composition, but this is often ignored when assessing system sustainability. However, this could compromise consumer health and influence the concept of “sustainable diets”. Here, we consider the milk composition of Mediterranean dairy sheep, finding inferior fatty acid (FA) profiles with respect to consumer health as a result of a more intensive system of production. Semi-intensive management produced 57% more milk per ewe, with a 20% lower fat content (but inferior fat composition). The milk had a nutritionally poorer fatty acid (FA) profile, with an 18% lower omega-3 FA concentration (n-3) (19% fewer long-chain n-3s) and a 7% lower monounsaturated FA concentration but a 3% higher saturated FA (9% higher in C14:0) concentration compared to ewes under traditional, extensive management. A redundancy analysis identified close associations between fat composition and animal diets—particularly concentrate supplementation and cultivated pasture grazing—and n-3 was associated with grazing in diverse, native mountain pastures. This paper questions if identifying such key elements in traditional systems could be deployed for “sustainable intensification” to maintain food quality while increasing output.
Nikolaos Voutzourakis; Nikolaos Tzanidakis; Sokratis Stergiadis; Leonidas Rempelos; Mick Eyre; Ioanna Atsali; Enrica Franceschin; Carlo Leifert; Alexandros Stefanakis; Smaragda Sotiraki; Gillian Butler. Sustainable Intensification? Increased Production Diminishes Omega-3 Content of Sheep Milk. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1228 .
AMA StyleNikolaos Voutzourakis, Nikolaos Tzanidakis, Sokratis Stergiadis, Leonidas Rempelos, Mick Eyre, Ioanna Atsali, Enrica Franceschin, Carlo Leifert, Alexandros Stefanakis, Smaragda Sotiraki, Gillian Butler. Sustainable Intensification? Increased Production Diminishes Omega-3 Content of Sheep Milk. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Voutzourakis; Nikolaos Tzanidakis; Sokratis Stergiadis; Leonidas Rempelos; Mick Eyre; Ioanna Atsali; Enrica Franceschin; Carlo Leifert; Alexandros Stefanakis; Smaragda Sotiraki; Gillian Butler. 2020. "Sustainable Intensification? Increased Production Diminishes Omega-3 Content of Sheep Milk." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1228.
The current review aims to systematically assess the evidence related to human health outcomes when an organic diet is consumed in comparison to its conventional counterpart. Relevant databases were searched for articles published to January 2019. Clinical trials and observational research studies were included where they provided comparative results on direct or indirect health outcomes. Thirty-five papers met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Few clinical trials assessed direct improvements in health outcomes associated with organic food consumption; most assessed either differences in pesticide exposure or other indirect measures. Significant positive outcomes were seen in longitudinal studies where increased organic intake was associated with reduced incidence of infertility, birth defects, allergic sensitisation, otitis media, pre-eclampsia, metabolic syndrome, high BMI, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The current evidence base does not allow a definitive statement on the health benefits of organic dietary intake. However, a growing number of important findings are being reported from observational research linking demonstrable health benefits with organic food consumption. Future clinical research should focus on using long-term whole-diet substitution with certified organic interventions as this approach is more likely to determine whether or not true measurable health benefits exist.
Vanessa Vigar; Stephen Myers; Christopher Oliver; Jacinta Arellano; Shelley Robinson; Carlo Leifert. A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients 2019, 12, 7 .
AMA StyleVanessa Vigar, Stephen Myers, Christopher Oliver, Jacinta Arellano, Shelley Robinson, Carlo Leifert. A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health? Nutrients. 2019; 12 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Vigar; Stephen Myers; Christopher Oliver; Jacinta Arellano; Shelley Robinson; Carlo Leifert. 2019. "A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health?" Nutrients 12, no. 1: 7.
Dairy products are often considered challenging for health due to their saturated fatty acid content, yet they also provide beneficial nutrients, some unique to ruminants. The degree of fat saturation is influenced by cows’ diets; grazing pasture enhances unsaturated fatty acids in milk compared with conserved forages. These benefits can be partially mimicked by feeding oilseeds and here we consider the impact on milk composition in a 2 × 2 trial, feeding rapeseed to both conventional and organic cows, finding very differing lipid metabolism in the 4 experimental groups. For milk fat, benefits of organic rather than conventional management (+39% PUFA, +24% long chain omega-3 and +12% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)) appear complementary to those from feeding rape (+43% MUFA, +10% PUFA, +40% CLA), combining to produce milk 16% lower SFA and higher in MUFA (43%), PUFA (55%) and CLA (59%). Organic and rape feeding provide less omega-3 PUFA than the conventional and control diets, yet contrary to expectations, together they almost doubled (+94%) the omega-3 concentration in milk, implying a 3.8 fold increase in net transfer from diet into milk. Organic and rape feeding also gave lower trace-elements and antioxidants in milk. Greater understanding of these phenomena might enhance the sustainability of dairying.
Gillian Butler; Sokratis Stergiadis; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Enrica Franceschin; Hannah R. Davis; Carlo Leifert; Håvard Steinshamn. Differing responses in milk composition from introducing rapeseed and naked oats to conventional and organic dairy diets. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -12.
AMA StyleGillian Butler, Sokratis Stergiadis, Eleni Chatzidimitriou, Enrica Franceschin, Hannah R. Davis, Carlo Leifert, Håvard Steinshamn. Differing responses in milk composition from introducing rapeseed and naked oats to conventional and organic dairy diets. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGillian Butler; Sokratis Stergiadis; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Enrica Franceschin; Hannah R. Davis; Carlo Leifert; Håvard Steinshamn. 2019. "Differing responses in milk composition from introducing rapeseed and naked oats to conventional and organic dairy diets." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-12.
Agricultural intensification over the last 40 years has increased cereal yields, but there is very limited information on the effects of intensification practices (e.g. non-diverse rotations, mineral NPK fertiliser and pesticides) on crop health and quality. Results from the study reported here suggest that the use of mineral NPK fertilisers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves, and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs. In contrast, the use of herbicides, fungicides and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity, but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations. The use of composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction and not substantially reduced the severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoria, which remain a major yield limiting factor unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become available.
Leonidas Rempelos; Abujawad Mohammed Almuayrifi; Marcin Baranski; Catherine Tetard-Jones; Mick Eyre; Peter Shotton; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Julia Mary Cooper; Nikolaos Volakakis; Christoph Schmidt; Enas Sufar; Juan Wang; Andrew Wilkinson; Eduardo A. S. Rosa; Bingqiang Zhao; Terry Rose; Carlo Leifert; Paul Bilsborrow. Effects of Agronomic Management and Climate on Leaf Phenolic Profiles, Disease Severity, and Grain Yield in Organic and Conventional Wheat Production Systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2018, 66, 10369 -10379.
AMA StyleLeonidas Rempelos, Abujawad Mohammed Almuayrifi, Marcin Baranski, Catherine Tetard-Jones, Mick Eyre, Peter Shotton, Ismail Cakmak, Levent Ozturk, Julia Mary Cooper, Nikolaos Volakakis, Christoph Schmidt, Enas Sufar, Juan Wang, Andrew Wilkinson, Eduardo A. S. Rosa, Bingqiang Zhao, Terry Rose, Carlo Leifert, Paul Bilsborrow. Effects of Agronomic Management and Climate on Leaf Phenolic Profiles, Disease Severity, and Grain Yield in Organic and Conventional Wheat Production Systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2018; 66 (40):10369-10379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonidas Rempelos; Abujawad Mohammed Almuayrifi; Marcin Baranski; Catherine Tetard-Jones; Mick Eyre; Peter Shotton; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Julia Mary Cooper; Nikolaos Volakakis; Christoph Schmidt; Enas Sufar; Juan Wang; Andrew Wilkinson; Eduardo A. S. Rosa; Bingqiang Zhao; Terry Rose; Carlo Leifert; Paul Bilsborrow. 2018. "Effects of Agronomic Management and Climate on Leaf Phenolic Profiles, Disease Severity, and Grain Yield in Organic and Conventional Wheat Production Systems." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 40: 10369-10379.
This study investigated the effect of, and interactions between, US Brown Swiss (BS) genetics and season on milk yield, basic composition and fatty acid profiles, from cows on low-input farms in Switzerland. Milk samples (n=1,976) were collected from 1,220 crossbreed cows with differing proportions of BS, Braunvieh and Original Braunvieh genetics on 40 farms during winter-housing and summer-grazing. Cows with more BS genetics produced more milk in winter but not in summer, possibly because of underfeeding potentially high-yielding cows on low-input pasture-based diets. Cows with more Original Braunvieh genetics produced milk with more (i) nutritionally desirable eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, throughout the year, and (ii) vaccenic and α-linolenic acids, total omega-3 fatty acid concentrations and a higher omega-3/omega-6 ratio only during summer-grazing. This suggests that overall milk quality could be improved by re-focussing breeding strategies on cows’ ability to respond to local dietary environments and seasonal dietary changes.
Sokratis Stergiadis; Anna Bieber; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Enrica Franceschin; Anne Isensee; Leonidas Rempelos; Marcin Baranski; Veronika Maurer; Giulio Cozzi; Beat Bapst; Gillian Butler; Carlo Leifert. Impact of US Brown Swiss genetics on milk quality from low-input herds in Switzerland: Interactions with season. Food Chemistry 2018, 251, 93 -102.
AMA StyleSokratis Stergiadis, Anna Bieber, Eleni Chatzidimitriou, Enrica Franceschin, Anne Isensee, Leonidas Rempelos, Marcin Baranski, Veronika Maurer, Giulio Cozzi, Beat Bapst, Gillian Butler, Carlo Leifert. Impact of US Brown Swiss genetics on milk quality from low-input herds in Switzerland: Interactions with season. Food Chemistry. 2018; 251 ():93-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSokratis Stergiadis; Anna Bieber; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Enrica Franceschin; Anne Isensee; Leonidas Rempelos; Marcin Baranski; Veronika Maurer; Giulio Cozzi; Beat Bapst; Gillian Butler; Carlo Leifert. 2018. "Impact of US Brown Swiss genetics on milk quality from low-input herds in Switzerland: Interactions with season." Food Chemistry 251, no. : 93-102.
Consumers have increasing demands for healthy, nutritious, and innovative food produced sustainably. Minor cereals can address these points, as well as contributing to feed and non-food markets. However, they have been hardly developed as commercial varieties, with no major investment to exploit genetic diversity in breeding programmes, and have low yields. There has been little research to optimise agronomy, food processing and marketing. HealthyMinorCereals will apply state of the art methods for genetic characterisation and phenotyping of >800 genotypes of 5 minor cereal species (spelt, rye, oat, einkorn and emmer). The project will select traits related to yield, nutritional quality and disease resistance, especially targeting important and emerging crop diseases, to identify well characterised genotypes for development of minor cereal varieties and cross breeding. Field experiments in 4 contrasting climatic zones in Europe will optimise agronomy within the organic and low-input sector, addressing gene x environment interactions, fertilization and potential benefits of agronomic management suited to improve yields in each country, and culminating with innovative on-farm trials. The project will investigate variation in nutritional quality of selected genotypes and analyse biological effects of seed extracts in human cell lines. Parameters of grain important for food manufacture will be investigated with optimisation of milling and other processes to maximise nutritional quality. Food industry partners will use selected minor cereal grains to develop new food products that will be demonstrated with production trials, standardisation and sensory analysis. A study on market potential will investigate factors involved in the development of minor cereals in various European markets and develop a framework for enhancing this potential. The project consortium has a major involvement of SME partners involved in breeding, farming, and food production with minor cereals.
Dagmar Janovská; Jana Chrpová; Martina Eiseltová; Martin Huta; Vlastimil Chour; Paul Bilsborrow; Carlo Leifert; Andrew Wilkinson; Ismail Cakmak; Heidrun Moschitz; Bernadette Oehen; Peter Kunz; Nikolaos Volakakis; Ilmar Tamm; Heinrich Grausgruber; János Petrusán; Reiner Stolzenberger; Gunter Backes; Tomasz Lasocki; Dóra Drexler. An integrated approach to diversify the genetic base, improve stress resistance, agronomic management and nutritional/processing quality of minor cereal crops for human nutrition in Europe. Impact 2017, 2017, 72 -74.
AMA StyleDagmar Janovská, Jana Chrpová, Martina Eiseltová, Martin Huta, Vlastimil Chour, Paul Bilsborrow, Carlo Leifert, Andrew Wilkinson, Ismail Cakmak, Heidrun Moschitz, Bernadette Oehen, Peter Kunz, Nikolaos Volakakis, Ilmar Tamm, Heinrich Grausgruber, János Petrusán, Reiner Stolzenberger, Gunter Backes, Tomasz Lasocki, Dóra Drexler. An integrated approach to diversify the genetic base, improve stress resistance, agronomic management and nutritional/processing quality of minor cereal crops for human nutrition in Europe. Impact. 2017; 2017 (7):72-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDagmar Janovská; Jana Chrpová; Martina Eiseltová; Martin Huta; Vlastimil Chour; Paul Bilsborrow; Carlo Leifert; Andrew Wilkinson; Ismail Cakmak; Heidrun Moschitz; Bernadette Oehen; Peter Kunz; Nikolaos Volakakis; Ilmar Tamm; Heinrich Grausgruber; János Petrusán; Reiner Stolzenberger; Gunter Backes; Tomasz Lasocki; Dóra Drexler. 2017. "An integrated approach to diversify the genetic base, improve stress resistance, agronomic management and nutritional/processing quality of minor cereal crops for human nutrition in Europe." Impact 2017, no. 7: 72-74.
Nikolaos Volakakis; Emmanouil Kabourakis; Carlo Leifert. Conventional and organic cultivation and their effect on the functional composition of olive oil. Olives and Olive Oil as Functional Foods 2017, 35 -43.
AMA StyleNikolaos Volakakis, Emmanouil Kabourakis, Carlo Leifert. Conventional and organic cultivation and their effect on the functional composition of olive oil. Olives and Olive Oil as Functional Foods. 2017; ():35-43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Volakakis; Emmanouil Kabourakis; Carlo Leifert. 2017. "Conventional and organic cultivation and their effect on the functional composition of olive oil." Olives and Olive Oil as Functional Foods , no. : 35-43.
Israel F. N. Domingos; Marcin Baranski; Carlo Leifert; Ismail Cakmak; Zed Rengel; Paul E. Bilsborrow; Gavin B. Stewart. PROTOCOL: Agronomic biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc concentrations for improved nutritional quality of wheat, maize and rice: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2017, 13, 1 -16.
AMA StyleIsrael F. N. Domingos, Marcin Baranski, Carlo Leifert, Ismail Cakmak, Zed Rengel, Paul E. Bilsborrow, Gavin B. Stewart. PROTOCOL: Agronomic biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc concentrations for improved nutritional quality of wheat, maize and rice: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 2017; 13 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsrael F. N. Domingos; Marcin Baranski; Carlo Leifert; Ismail Cakmak; Zed Rengel; Paul E. Bilsborrow; Gavin B. Stewart. 2017. "PROTOCOL: Agronomic biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc concentrations for improved nutritional quality of wheat, maize and rice: a systematic review." Campbell Systematic Reviews 13, no. 1: 1-16.