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The field green ICT focuses on the greening of ICT and using ICT to optimise the energy footprint of the ICT-supported processes. For organisations, applying green ICT in the broadest sense presents them with challenges. In this paper we explore what factors are influencing the adoption of green ICT. We follow three organisations that used a green ICT tool, the SURF Green ICT Maturity Model, to identify such factors. Tools like the maturity model help organisations identify the what and how. We found other factors, such as strategic alignment, culture and leadership, determine the why. As ICT is a general purpose technology, it potentially affects all processes in an organisation. To have a greening impact, the main challenge for green ICT is to take a systemic approach and involve all (relevant) parties. ICT departments often position themselves as support (followers, not leaders); this proves to be a big hurdle in the adoption of green ICT.
Albert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. Green ICT Adoption Using a Maturity Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7163 .
AMA StyleAlbert Hankel, Gaston Heimeriks, Patricia Lago. Green ICT Adoption Using a Maturity Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. 2019. "Green ICT Adoption Using a Maturity Model." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7163.
Context: Many publications have described, measured, tracked or assessed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) activities that impact the environment. A complete conceptual view of the environmental impact of ICT can be described in three orders of effect: Direct, indirect and systemic. Objective: The goal of this study is to find out how the existing literature contributes towards our understanding of the environmental impact of ICT. We approach this question by identifying factors that can be of influence on the environmental impact and map these factors onto a conceptual framework of Green ICT. Method: We used a systematic literature review to collect factors of influence regarding the environmental impact of ICT. Results: From the data we collected and the analyses made, we created a taxonomy, and report on the frequencies of the factors of influence in the primary studies as well as gaps and additions compared to the conceptual framework. We found five main classes of influence that can form a continuous cycle, but noted that the research field is strongly focused on the direct impact of ICT. Conclusion: Our study contributes towards a better understanding of the environmental impact of ICT by framing factors of influence in a conceptual framework. The taxonomy we create and the analysis of the studies could be helpful in defining a research agenda, to further enable the full potential of Green ICT. In addition, the taxonomy can be used as a starting point for a practical tool, for organizations that wish to apply Green ICT to its full extent.
Albert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. A Systematic Literature Review of the Factors of Influence on the Environmental Impact of ICT. Technologies 2018, 6, 85 .
AMA StyleAlbert Hankel, Gaston Heimeriks, Patricia Lago. A Systematic Literature Review of the Factors of Influence on the Environmental Impact of ICT. Technologies. 2018; 6 (3):85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. 2018. "A Systematic Literature Review of the Factors of Influence on the Environmental Impact of ICT." Technologies 6, no. 3: 85.
Maturity models have become a common tool for organisations to assess their capabilities in a variety of domains. However, for fields that have not yet been researched thoroughly, it can be difficult to create and evolve a maturity model that features all the important aspects in that field. It takes time and many iterative improvements for a maturity model to come of age. This is the case for Green ICT maturity models, whose aim is typically to either provide insight on the important aspects an organisation or a researcher should take into account when trying to improve the social or environmental impact of ICT, or to assist in the auditing of such aspects. In fact, when we were commissioned a comprehensive ICT-sustainability auditing for Utrecht University, we not only faced the need of selecting a Green ICT maturity model, but also to ensure that it covered as many organisational aspects as possible, extending the model if needed. This paper reports on the comparison we carried out of several Green ICT maturity models, how we extended our preferred model with needed constructs, and how we applied the resulting model during the ICT-sustainability auditing.
David Lautenschutz; Sergio España; Albert Hankel; Sietse Overbeek; Patricia Lago. A Comparative Analysis of Green ICT Maturity Models. ICT4S2018. 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleDavid Lautenschutz, Sergio España, Albert Hankel, Sietse Overbeek, Patricia Lago. A Comparative Analysis of Green ICT Maturity Models. ICT4S2018. 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lautenschutz; Sergio España; Albert Hankel; Sietse Overbeek; Patricia Lago. 2018. "A Comparative Analysis of Green ICT Maturity Models." ICT4S2018. 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability , no. : 1.
Green ICT Assessment for Organisations
Albert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. Green ICT Assessment for Organisations. Journal of ICT Standardization 2017, 4, 87 -110.
AMA StyleAlbert Hankel, Gaston Heimeriks, Patricia Lago. Green ICT Assessment for Organisations. Journal of ICT Standardization. 2017; 4 (2):87-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbert Hankel; Gaston Heimeriks; Patricia Lago. 2017. "Green ICT Assessment for Organisations." Journal of ICT Standardization 4, no. 2: 87-110.