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Kumju Hwang
Department of Business Administration, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Entrepreneurial failure is prevalent, and particularly when the COVID−19 crisis exacerbates the economic recession, it becomes even more prevalent. Entrepreneurs experience an intensive emotional crisis when their ventures fail, and this deleterious impact, including stress and emotional pain, may prevent failed entrepreneurs (FEs) from restarting; hence, how they cope with failure has received increased attention in recent years. However, most of the extant literature focuses on success rather than failure, and there is very limited literature on how FEs cope with the psychological and emotional crisis caused by failure. This study focuses on FEs’ use of optimism and defensive pessimism as coping strategies within the mental simulation theory with respect to their re-entry intentions. It examines the impact of career ambition and public self-awareness on optimism, of the fear of failure (FoF) and self-doubt, on defensive pessimism, and of coping humor as a moderator. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data of 277 Korean FEs who have actual entrepreneurial failure experiences and actively prepared for their re-entry. The results show that career ambitions and public self-awareness have an impact on optimism, and FoF and self-doubt lead to defensive pessimism. Coping humor also has a moderating effect on the path from defensive pessimism to the intention to re-enter. This study advances the literature on coping mechanisms that FEs employ to manage the negative impact of failure and prepare for their subsequent re-entry. Its theoretical model, based on the mental simulation theory combined with social comparison theory, provides a possible integrative framework that includes both the pervasively held view of entrepreneurs’ optimism related to overconfidence and their defensive pessimism related to their vulnerability due to their ventures’ failure. Thus, this study makes theoretical contributions to the literature of entrepreneurial failure, as well as practical implications for policymakers and educators who assist FEs in successfully coping with entrepreneurial failure and re-entry.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Jinsook Choi. How Do Failed Entrepreneurs Cope with Their Prior Failure When They Seek Subsequent Re-Entry into Serial Entrepreneurship? Failed Entrepreneurs’ Optimism and Defensive Pessimism and Coping Humor as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7021 .

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Jinsook Choi. How Do Failed Entrepreneurs Cope with Their Prior Failure When They Seek Subsequent Re-Entry into Serial Entrepreneurship? Failed Entrepreneurs’ Optimism and Defensive Pessimism and Coping Humor as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):7021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Jinsook Choi. 2021. "How Do Failed Entrepreneurs Cope with Their Prior Failure When They Seek Subsequent Re-Entry into Serial Entrepreneurship? Failed Entrepreneurs’ Optimism and Defensive Pessimism and Coping Humor as a Moderator." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7021.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Sustainability
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In public areas, employees are both consumers and producers in information. For sustainable usage of information, employees should be aware of information systems security (ISS). Information systems security (ISS) is critical in further developing public sector information systems, such as e-government. Most ISS breaches are committed by insiders rather than outsiders. This study investigates the applicability of adult social bond theory, which proposes social controls in the form of social bonds that provide deterrence based on the potential shame an employee would feel from committing an ISS breach. The proposed research model consists of four antecedents for adult social bonds: commitment, attachment, belief and job stability. Individual ISS compliance is set as the dependent variance and deterrence and shame are set as the mediators between social bonds and compliance. Analysis of 672 data points largely supports the research model, proving the applicability to ISS of social bonds and social control. Belief seems to have the strongest effect on individual compliance. Implications are discussed and further studies are proposed.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Hyemi Um. Social Controls and Bonds of Public Information Consumer on Sustainable Utilization and Provision for Computing. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5263 .

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Hyemi Um. Social Controls and Bonds of Public Information Consumer on Sustainable Utilization and Provision for Computing. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Hyemi Um. 2021. "Social Controls and Bonds of Public Information Consumer on Sustainable Utilization and Provision for Computing." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5263.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Sustainability
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This study explored green restaurant consumers’ self-actualization and self-transcendence motivations that drive customer citizenship behavior (CCB). A survey of green restaurant consumers was administered, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed. The findings indicate the presence of positive associations between pride and self-actualization, and healthy social narcissism and self-transcendence. This study also found a positive relationship between self-actualization and self-transcendence, and they are positively associated with CCB. Interestingly, the findings suggest that green restaurant consumers’ pride, self-actualization and CCB path is more dominant path vis-à-vis the path from healthy social narcissism mediated by self-transcendence to CCB.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Bora Lee; Juhee Hahn. Green Restaurant Consumers' Pride and Social Healthy Narcissism Influencing Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence That Drive Customer Citizenship Behavior. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10339 .

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Bora Lee, Juhee Hahn. Green Restaurant Consumers' Pride and Social Healthy Narcissism Influencing Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence That Drive Customer Citizenship Behavior. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Bora Lee; Juhee Hahn. 2020. "Green Restaurant Consumers' Pride and Social Healthy Narcissism Influencing Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence That Drive Customer Citizenship Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10339.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in Sustainability
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This study explores teacher identities of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) based on interview data collected from twenty teachers who teach English to young learners in South Korean primary schools. The participants comprised ten NESTs and ten NNESTs. Bourdieu’s concept of three pillars was used to explore hegemonic relations between NESTs and NNESTs. The interview analysis showed that two different types of symbolic capital—one specified as native-speakerism and the other concretized as qualified tenured teacher positions—shape the dynamic nature of hegemonic relations that have constructed an antagonistic collective habitus between NESTs and NNESTs. This study revealed that power fluctuations and lack of institutional cultural capital shaped NESTs and NNESTs’ fragmented teacher identities which increased their dissatisfaction with their current roles. Bourdieu’s concepts provide a sociological vocabulary for understanding NESTs and NNESTs’ teacher identities and social status trajectories. This study provides an important theoretical and policy implication that English education practices and policies based on the ideology of native-speakerism fortify students’ preference for native English and negative attitudes towards localized variants of English which threatens the sustainability of linguistic and cultural diversities of localized variants of English.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Su Yon Yim. The Negative Influence of Native-Speakerism on the Sustainability of Linguistic and Cultural Diversities of Localized Variants of English: A Study of Local and Expatriate Teachers in South Korea. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6723 .

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Su Yon Yim. The Negative Influence of Native-Speakerism on the Sustainability of Linguistic and Cultural Diversities of Localized Variants of English: A Study of Local and Expatriate Teachers in South Korea. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Su Yon Yim. 2019. "The Negative Influence of Native-Speakerism on the Sustainability of Linguistic and Cultural Diversities of Localized Variants of English: A Study of Local and Expatriate Teachers in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6723.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in Sustainability
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This study illustrates how partnerships in asymmetric power relationships, such as social enterprises and large established firms, can be made in the context of social partnership. We acknowledge that partnerships with large corporations can help social enterprises to overcome several structural barriers they may encounter in forming and sustaining their business models. However, these partnerships can be situated in asymmetric power relationships as resource dependence unfolds. Thus, paradoxically, a partnership with a large corporation can be another challenge to the social enterprise. In absorbing these constraints, we propose that a social enterprise should come up with a stylized social partnership model, utilizing their social capital when engaging in the formation of such a power-imbalanced partnership. We conducted an in-depth case study which presents how a small and young social enterprise can achieve a viable partnership with a large, established firm. Our findings show that social enterprises can form and develop long-term sustainable partnerships with large corporations using a stylized platform strategy with social capital and relational governance in the process of collective value creation.

ACS Style

Jaehong Park; Kumju Hwang; Sang-Joon Kim. Forming a Social Partnership between a Small Social Enterprise and a Large Corporation: A Case of the Joint Platform, H-JUMP. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3612 .

AMA Style

Jaehong Park, Kumju Hwang, Sang-Joon Kim. Forming a Social Partnership between a Small Social Enterprise and a Large Corporation: A Case of the Joint Platform, H-JUMP. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaehong Park; Kumju Hwang; Sang-Joon Kim. 2018. "Forming a Social Partnership between a Small Social Enterprise and a Large Corporation: A Case of the Joint Platform, H-JUMP." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3612.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2018 in Computers in Human Behavior
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Marketers recognize digital celebrities' advertising power and effectiveness, making them influential models of social media advertising. The concept of parasocial relationships may elucidate relationships between digital celebrities and their followers and explain the former's persuasion power over the latter. This study explores how parasocial relationships affect followers' purchase and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intentions and investigates the effect of empathy, loneliness, and low social self-esteem on parasocial relationships within Uses and Gratification Theory. Additionally, it examines whether followers' parasocial relationships can reduce their persuasion knowledge. A survey was administered three hundred eighty-nine Chinese SNS users following digital celebrities; valid data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Empathy and low self-esteem positively influenced parasocial relationships; however, loneliness did not. Parasocial relationships positively affected followers' purchase and eWOM intentions. The second model investigated the negative effects of persuasion knowledge on followers' purchase and eWOM intentions. The results indicate that parasocial relationship moderates the paths between followers' persuasion knowledge and purchase intentions and between followers' persuasion knowledge and eWOM intentions. This study sheds light on how digital celebrities have an advertising influence on their SNS followers with the concept of parasocial relationships and is notable given the dearth of empirical studies on digital celebrities’ SNS advertising.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Qi Zhang. Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior 2018, 87, 155 -173.

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Qi Zhang. Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior. 2018; 87 ():155-173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Qi Zhang. 2018. "Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge." Computers in Human Behavior 87, no. : 155-173.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2018 in Sustainability
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This study investigated information systems security (ISS) as one of the important issues of e-government for sustainable development. ISS is becoming increasingly important in the discourse on information technology-related organizational transformation, and governments need to undergo organizational transformation to establish an effective ISS system for advancing e-government capacity which plays a vital role in achieving sustainability. Furthermore, ISS breaches are becoming the norm rather than the exception, but ISS can only be achieved when employees fully and firmly embrace the concept by changing their behavior to comply with advanced ISS technologies. A research model is theoretically developed in this context based on institution theory, which proposes a dual path model consisting of legitimacy-leading organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and organizational cynicism-causing counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) in the process of innovating ISS for e-government. This dual-path model is empirically tested against 388 data collected from information security managers in 30 departments and councils within Korea’s central government. A structural model evaluation of the collected data principally validates the research model. The results indicate that the path through legitimacy, influenced by normative and coercive isomorphism, is stronger than that through organizational cynicism. The data largely supports the proposed research model, confirming the applicability of institutional theory in explaining the institutionalization processes in effective ISS compliance at the organizational and individual levels. The implications of these findings are then discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Myeonggil Choi; Jungwoo Lee; Kumju Hwang. Information Systems Security (ISS) of E-Government for Sustainability: A Dual Path Model of ISS Influenced by Institutional Isomorphism. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1555 .

AMA Style

Myeonggil Choi, Jungwoo Lee, Kumju Hwang. Information Systems Security (ISS) of E-Government for Sustainability: A Dual Path Model of ISS Influenced by Institutional Isomorphism. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myeonggil Choi; Jungwoo Lee; Kumju Hwang. 2018. "Information Systems Security (ISS) of E-Government for Sustainability: A Dual Path Model of ISS Influenced by Institutional Isomorphism." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1555.

Article
Published: 13 March 2018 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents related to why tourists engage in ecotourism and the consequences of ecotourism behavior. This study examined the concept of self-construal as a social aspect of self that influences different levels of ecological beliefs, which, in turn, affect ecotourism behavior. To address the unsatisfactory predictive power of the belief/attitude-behavior model, this study included the willingness to pay (WTP) for ecotourism between the ecological belief and ecotourism behavior relationships. Finally, this study examined the impact of ecotourism on tourists’ satisfaction with life as a result of ecotourism behavior. A structural equation model was constructed to test the proposed model. We found significant impacts of self-construals in explaining ecological beliefs. Significant relationships were found between ecological belief and WTP for ecotourism services which influenced ecotourism behavior, and between ecological belief and ecotourism behavior which affected satisfaction with life. The moderating effect of gender was only found on the path between WTP and ecotourism behavior. The findings of this study offer some implications for industry and policymakers to develop effective ecotourism programs.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang; Jieun Lee. Antecedents and Consequences of Ecotourism Behavior: Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals, Ecological Belief, Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Services and Satisfaction with Life. Sustainability 2018, 10, 789 .

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang, Jieun Lee. Antecedents and Consequences of Ecotourism Behavior: Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals, Ecological Belief, Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Services and Satisfaction with Life. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):789.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang; Jieun Lee. 2018. "Antecedents and Consequences of Ecotourism Behavior: Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals, Ecological Belief, Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Services and Satisfaction with Life." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 789.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2012 in Science Communication
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This article investigates how the language barrier influences technical communication, behavior in the workplace, and communication among international collaborators by studying a case of international collaboration between R&D laboratories—one European based and the other a major Korean company. This study finds that the language barrier is a critical handicap not only to non–English-speaking partners but also to English speakers in scientific collaboration. The language barrier hinders organizational integrity by fostering polarized attitudes toward collaboration. This study reveals a “shadow structure” in the Korean company that contributes to structural deformation due to the language barrier and that Korean engineers often suffer from identity conflicts derived from tension between their professional identity as members of the international scientific community and their lack of proficiency in English.

ACS Style

Kumju Hwang. Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Interorganizational Relationships. Science Communication 2012, 35, 3 -31.

AMA Style

Kumju Hwang. Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Interorganizational Relationships. Science Communication. 2012; 35 (1):3-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumju Hwang. 2012. "Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Interorganizational Relationships." Science Communication 35, no. 1: 3-31.