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Dr. Islam Sabry Al Zayed
National Water Research Center, Egypt

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0 Remote Sensing
0 Water
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Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The whole Mediterranean is suffering today because of climate changes, with projections of more severe impacts predicted for the coming decades. Egypt, on the southeastern flank of the Mediterranean Sea, is facing many challenges for water and food security, further exacerbated by the arid climate conditions. The Nile River represents the largest freshwater resource for the country, with a minor contribution coming from rainfall and from non-renewable groundwater aquifers. In more recent years, another important source is represented by non-conventional sources, such as treated wastewater reuse and desalination; these water resources are increasingly becoming valuable additional contributors to water availability. Moreover, although rainfall is scarce in Egypt, studies have shown that rainfall and flash floods can become an additional available source of water in the future. While presently rare, heavy rainfalls and flash floods are responsible for huge losses of lives and infrastructure especially in parts of the country, such as in the Sinai Peninsula. Despite the harsh climate, water from these events, when opportunely conveyed and treated, can represent a precious source of freshwater for small communities of Bedouins. In this work, rainfall climatology and flash flood events are presented, together with a discussion about the dynamics of some selected episodes and indications about future climate scenarios. Results can be used to evaluate the water harvesting potential in a region where water is scarce, also providing indications for improving the weather forecast. Basic information needed for identifying possible risks for population and infrastructures, when fed into hydrological models, could help to evaluate the flash flood water volumes at the outlets of the effective watershed(s). This valuable information will help policymakers and local governments to define strategies and measures for water harvesting and/or protection works.

ACS Style

Marina Baldi; Doaa Amin; Islam Al Zayed; Giovannangelo Dalu. Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6186 .

AMA Style

Marina Baldi, Doaa Amin, Islam Al Zayed, Giovannangelo Dalu. Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marina Baldi; Doaa Amin; Islam Al Zayed; Giovannangelo Dalu. 2020. "Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6186.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2019 in Water
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Monitoring of crop water consumption, also known as actual evapotranspiration (ETa), is crucial for the prudent use of limited freshwater resources. Remote-sensing-based algorithms have become a popular approach for providing spatio-temporal information on ETa. Satellite-based ETa products are widely available. However, identifying an adequate product remains a challenge due to validation data scarcity. This study developed an assessment process to identify superior ETa products in agricultural areas in Egypt. The land cover product (MCD12Q1) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was evaluated and used to detect agricultural areas. The performances of three ETa products, namely: Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFlux), USGS-FEWS NET SSEBop ETa monthly product, and MODIS ETa monthly product (MOD16A2), were evaluated. The ETa values of these products were compared to previous ETa observations and evaluated using the integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (iNDVI) on a seasonal and annual basis. Finally, the irrigation efficiency throughout Egypt was calculated based on the annual Relative Water Supply (RWS) index. Results reveal that the SSEBop monthly product has the best performance in Egypt, followed by the MOD16A2. The EEFlux overestimated ETa values by 36%. RWS had a range of 0.96–1.47, indicating high irrigation efficiency. The findings reported herein can assist in improving irrigation water management in Egypt and the Nile Basin.

ACS Style

Saher Ayyad; Islam S. Al Zayed; Van Tran Thi Ha; Lars Ribbe. The Performance of Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Products and the Assessment of Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt. Water 2019, 11, 1913 .

AMA Style

Saher Ayyad, Islam S. Al Zayed, Van Tran Thi Ha, Lars Ribbe. The Performance of Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Products and the Assessment of Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saher Ayyad; Islam S. Al Zayed; Van Tran Thi Ha; Lars Ribbe. 2019. "The Performance of Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Products and the Assessment of Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt." Water 11, no. 9: 1913.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Advances in Water Resources
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ACS Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib. Implications of non-sustainable agricultural water policies for the water-food nexus in large-scale irrigation systems: A remote sensing approach. Advances in Water Resources 2017, 110, 408 -422.

AMA Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed, Nadir Elagib. Implications of non-sustainable agricultural water policies for the water-food nexus in large-scale irrigation systems: A remote sensing approach. Advances in Water Resources. 2017; 110 ():408-422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib. 2017. "Implications of non-sustainable agricultural water policies for the water-food nexus in large-scale irrigation systems: A remote sensing approach." Advances in Water Resources 110, no. : 408-422.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Agricultural Water Management
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Understanding the spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over irrigated agricultural areas helps to manage water. Many remote sensing (RS) methods have been developed recently to estimate ETa. Nevertheless, selecting the suitable method is still a challenge. The objective of this research is to evaluate four RS methods for estimating ETa over the large-scale Gezira Scheme of Sudan. Three methods, namely Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping EvapoTranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB), were applied using Landsat images. Another RS dataset, i.e. ETa product from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite (MOD16A2), was also used in the comparison. The ETa methods were validated using field-scale water balance (WB) estimates during the 2004 crop season. Furthermore, the present study suggested the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and integrated NDVI (iNDVI) as an approach to assessing the performance of the ETa estimates from RS on daily and seasonal scales, respectively. Several performance measures were evaluated, and a score was given for each method in order to extract the most valuable information for water management out of four different methods. Based on ranking criteria, SSEB gave the best performance followed by SEBAL. METRIC is not suitable for estimating ETa where ground-data are limited. MOD16A2 was less sensitive to detection of ETa at field level because of pixel resolution, but it had high score at the scheme level. All methods showed similar spatial patterns of seasonal ETa, with a decreasing ETa gradient from southeast to northeast of the scheme. In conclusion, SSEB and MOD16A2 are seen as suitable operational ETa methods on the regional scale as both methods require less application time compared to the other complex models. SSEB has the advantage of estimating ETa on field scale and on daily basis. The results of this study contribute to improving the understanding of performance of such methods in large irrigation schemes in arid climate zones.

ACS Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib; Lars Ribbe; Jürgen Heinrich. Satellite-based evapotranspiration over Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan: A comparative study. Agricultural Water Management 2016, 177, 66 -76.

AMA Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed, Nadir Elagib, Lars Ribbe, Jürgen Heinrich. Satellite-based evapotranspiration over Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan: A comparative study. Agricultural Water Management. 2016; 177 ():66-76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib; Lars Ribbe; Jürgen Heinrich. 2016. "Satellite-based evapotranspiration over Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan: A comparative study." Agricultural Water Management 177, no. : 66-76.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Er Roseires Dam plays a key role in controlling the Blue Nile flow in Sudan. This study explores the influence of the dam on the hydrological regimes, which in turn have implications for the ecosystem. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) - based on a set of 32 indicators - was applied over the period 1965 to 2014 to establish a safe range of river flow. Moreover, remotely-sensed data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to analyse the spatio-temporal variation of the dam's reservoir area over the period 2000-2014. Significant influence on the dry-season hydrological indicators is expressed by high negative hydrological alteration of the range from -47% to -100%, but the dam contributes positively through flow regulation during the flood season. Impounding water procedure and fluctuation of water flow caused by the dam are found to induce significant alterations. Releasing less water during the dry season and more gradual impounding process, which are not expected to affect the power generation or irrigation practices, are recommended for better ecological restoration. The total surface area of the reservoir has changed post the implementation of the dam heightening project. Since 2012, the lake surface area has expanded by 250%. Relationships between the lake size and the head have been developed to help in the monitoring of the hydrological conditions and, accordingly, in managing the dam operation. A field survey showed that the dam plays a positive social role as the reservoir supports local activities, such as fishery, farming, and collection of wood and fruits. But increased humidity and health problems have also been noted. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) would have a direct effect on Er Roseires Dam and the river flow downstream. High level of coordination among the riparian countries is recommended for better river water management.

ACS Style

Mohammad Taher Alrajoula; Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Ahmed Elagib; Moshrik R. Hamdi. Hydrological, socio-economic and reservoir alterations of Er Roseires Dam in Sudan. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 566-567, 938 -948.

AMA Style

Mohammad Taher Alrajoula, Islam Sabry Al Zayed, Nadir Ahmed Elagib, Moshrik R. Hamdi. Hydrological, socio-economic and reservoir alterations of Er Roseires Dam in Sudan. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 566-567 ():938-948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Taher Alrajoula; Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Ahmed Elagib; Moshrik R. Hamdi. 2016. "Hydrological, socio-economic and reservoir alterations of Er Roseires Dam in Sudan." Science of The Total Environment 566-567, no. : 938-948.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Agricultural Systems
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ACS Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib; Lars Ribbe; Jürgen Heinrich. Spatio-temporal performance of large-scale Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Agricultural Systems 2015, 133, 131 -142.

AMA Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed, Nadir Elagib, Lars Ribbe, Jürgen Heinrich. Spatio-temporal performance of large-scale Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Agricultural Systems. 2015; 133 ():131-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam Sabry Al Zayed; Nadir Elagib; Lars Ribbe; Jürgen Heinrich. 2015. "Spatio-temporal performance of large-scale Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Agricultural Systems 133, no. : 131-142.