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Dr. JOSÉ LUIS MARIN-MUÑIZ
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0 Biotechnology
0 Constructed Wetlands
0 Wastewater Treatment
0 carbon balance in wetlands
0 pollutant removal

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Constructed Wetlands
Wastewater Treatment
pollutant removal
carbon balance in wetlands

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Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Conventional aquaculture (ACUA-C) in Mexico is an activity that maintains an annual growth rate of 6%. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture is the predominant aquaculture in the country with 4623 farms, most of which operate with semi-intensive (SIS) and extensive (ES) production systems, discharging untreated wastewater that negatively impacts the environment. To address this problem, new ecotechnologies such as biofloc (BFT), recirculation systems for aquaculture (RAS), constructed wetlands (CWs) for water treatment, and aquaponics (AS) have emerged to mitigate the environmental impacts of untreated wastewater. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of tilapia farming with BFT, RAS, CW, and AS ecotechnologies through an economic and financial feasibility analysis, considering their environmental and social implications in a Mexican aquaculture farm located in the state of Veracruz. Open interviews, direct observation, and diagnosis of the semi-intensive tilapia system was carried out between 15 May 2019 and 15 February 2020 in order to calculate, design, and theoretically evaluate the four ecotechnological alternatives (TBF, RAS, CW, and AS). Economic (13), environmental (10), and social (5) variables were applied, making use of the same facilities. The results reveal that the four ecotechnologies implemented in an SIS are economically viable and environmentally acceptable, especially in water management, in addition to being socially feasible. It is concluded that BFT offers an alternative to the producer by having a lower additional cost to improve problems, despite the possible complexity of operation and energy requirements to manage wastewater treatment. The technological transition to BFT is recommended to solve the problem of sustainable water management.

ACS Style

Erick Betanzo-Torres; María Piñar-Álvarez; Celia Sierra-Carmona; Luis Santamaria; Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía; José Marín-Muñiz; Luis Sandoval Herazo. Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6853 .

AMA Style

Erick Betanzo-Torres, María Piñar-Álvarez, Celia Sierra-Carmona, Luis Santamaria, Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía, José Marín-Muñiz, Luis Sandoval Herazo. Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6853.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erick Betanzo-Torres; María Piñar-Álvarez; Celia Sierra-Carmona; Luis Santamaria; Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía; José Marín-Muñiz; Luis Sandoval Herazo. 2021. "Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6853.

Review
Published: 01 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Sustainable development implies the proper use of natural resources, such as water resources, but the environmental, economic, and social benefits should also be considered. In the water sector, for example, sanitation is one of the challenges that arise in rural localities. However, issues related to it may be solved with the use of constructed wetlands (CWs), which may allow the cultivation of ornamental plants with phytoremediation properties. Through a content analysis, the environmental, economic, and social potential of ornamental species used in Mexico for phytoremediation in CWs is documented in this study. The environmental potential of the plants was considered based on their phytoremediation properties. The economic potential was determined from research articles and from the National Agri-Food Information System. The social potential was analyzed considering the ornamental and artisanal use of the plants. In total, 21 species of phytoremediation plants were identified. Anthurium andreanum and Zantedeschia aethiopica stand out for their commercial value, reported in 2018 to be 272,875 and 30,318 USD, respectively, at the national level. The social potential was identified by the ornamental or artisanal use for flower arrangements and weaving. This study reveals that the use of CWs with ornamental vegetation is a sustainable option to clean wastewater, reuse water, and generate economic incentives. Thus, it is essential to provide the community with adequate training for the management of CWs in those sites that lack treatment systems.

ACS Style

Irma Zitácuaro-Contreras; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; María Hernández Y Orduña; Sergio Zamora-Castro; Erick Betanzo-Torres; José Marín-Muñíz; Luis Sandoval-Herazo. Environmental, Economic, and Social Potentialities of Ornamental Vegetation Cultivated in Constructed Wetlands of Mexico. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6267 .

AMA Style

Irma Zitácuaro-Contreras, Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez, María Hernández Y Orduña, Sergio Zamora-Castro, Erick Betanzo-Torres, José Marín-Muñíz, Luis Sandoval-Herazo. Environmental, Economic, and Social Potentialities of Ornamental Vegetation Cultivated in Constructed Wetlands of Mexico. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irma Zitácuaro-Contreras; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; María Hernández Y Orduña; Sergio Zamora-Castro; Erick Betanzo-Torres; José Marín-Muñíz; Luis Sandoval-Herazo. 2021. "Environmental, Economic, and Social Potentialities of Ornamental Vegetation Cultivated in Constructed Wetlands of Mexico." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6267.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Water
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Energy production in constructed wetlands is a little-known field, as is the operation of vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands (VPS-CWs) that promote both aerobic and anaerobic microbial interactions. By doing so, bacterial degradation is increased, becoming the main mechanism of pollutant removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). For the first time, the generation of bioelectricity, together with the production of ornamental plants in vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands during the treatment of domestic wastewater, was evaluated. Six VPS-CW systems functioned as bioelectricity generators, where the systems were filled with red volcanic gravel and activated carbon as anode and cathode. Three systems were planted with Zantedeschia aethiopica and three with Canna hybrids plants. The development was measured through mother plants and shoots produced every 60 days. The input and output of each VPS-CW was monitored using control parameters such as BOD5, phosphates (P-PO4), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Bioelectricity, power, voltage, and current measurements were performed every 15 days for a period of 7 months. It was found that the VPS-CWs used as biobatteries in combination with the use of domestic wastewater as a substrate improved the development of the two evaluated plant species and stimulated growth and germination of new shoots. No significant differences were found between the different treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, an average efficient removal of BOD5 (98%) for both systems without statistical differences was observed (p ≤ 0.05), but for TKN and P-PO4, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between systems planted with Z. aethiopica (TKN: 65%; P-PO4: 20%) and Canna hybrids (TKN: 69%; P-PO4: 27%). This method of water treatment and bioelectricity production with Canna hybrids was an efficient system that generated a great electric current (140 mA/m2), voltage (750 mV), and electric power (15 mW/m2), compared with those observed in systems with Z. aethiopica (60 mA/m2, 500 mV, 9 mA/m2).

ACS Style

Humberto Raymundo González-Moreno; José Luis Marín-Muníz; Eddy Sánchez-Dela-Cruz; Carlos Nakase; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; David Reyes-Gonzalez; Noemí Nava-Valente; Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo. Bioelectricity Generation and Production of Ornamental Plants in Vertical Partially Saturated Constructed Wetlands. Water 2021, 13, 143 .

AMA Style

Humberto Raymundo González-Moreno, José Luis Marín-Muníz, Eddy Sánchez-Dela-Cruz, Carlos Nakase, Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel, David Reyes-Gonzalez, Noemí Nava-Valente, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo. Bioelectricity Generation and Production of Ornamental Plants in Vertical Partially Saturated Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2021; 13 (2):143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Humberto Raymundo González-Moreno; José Luis Marín-Muníz; Eddy Sánchez-Dela-Cruz; Carlos Nakase; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; David Reyes-Gonzalez; Noemí Nava-Valente; Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo. 2021. "Bioelectricity Generation and Production of Ornamental Plants in Vertical Partially Saturated Constructed Wetlands." Water 13, no. 2: 143.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Molecules
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Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a priority around the world; conventional treatments are not widely used in rural areas owing to the high operating and maintenance costs. In Mexico, for instance, only 40% of wastewater is treated. One sustainable option for WWT is through the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) technology, which may remove pollutants using cells filled with porous material and vegetation that works as a natural filter. Knowing the optimal material and density of plants used per square meter in CWs would allow improving their WWT effect. In this study, the effect of material media (plastic/mineral) and plant density on the removal of organic/inorganic pollutants was evaluated. Low (three plants), medium (six plants) and high (nine plants) densities were compared in a surface area of 0.3 m2 of ornamental plants (Alpinia purpurata, Canna hybrids and Hedychium coronarium) used in polycultures at the mesocosm level of household wetlands, planted on the two different substrates. Regarding the removal of contaminants, no significant differences were found between substrates (p ≥ 0.05), indicating the use of plastic residues (reusable) is an economical option compared to typical mineral materials. However, differences (p = 0.001) in removal of pollutants were found between different plant densities. For both substrates, the high density planted CWs were able to remove COD in a range of 86–90%, PO4-P 22–33%, NH4-N in 84–90%, NO3-N 25–28% and NO2-N 38–42%. At medium density, removals of 79–81%, 26–32, 80–82%, 24–26%, and 39–41%, were observed, whereas in CWs with low density, the detected removals were 65–68%, 20–26%, 79–80%, 24–26% and 31–40%, respectively. These results revealed that higher COD and ammonia were removed at high plant density than at medium or low densities. Other pollutants were removed similarly in all plant densities (22–42%), indicating the necessity of hybrid CWs to increase the elimination of PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N. Moreover, high density favored 10 to 20% more the removal of pollutants than other plant densities. In addition, in cells with high density of plants and smaller planting distance, the development of new plant shoots was limited. Thus, it is suggested that the appropriate distance for this type of polyculture plants should be from 40 to 50 cm in expansion to real-scale systems in order to take advantage of the harvesting of species in these and allow species of greater foliage, favoring its growth and new shoots with the appropriate distance to compensate, in the short time, the removal of nutrients.

ACS Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman; María Cristina López-Méndez; Albino Martínez-Sibaja; Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre; Sergio Zamora-Castro; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology. Molecules 2020, 25, 5273 .

AMA Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman, María Cristina López-Méndez, Albino Martínez-Sibaja, Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre, Sergio Zamora-Castro, José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology. Molecules. 2020; 25 (22):5273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman; María Cristina López-Méndez; Albino Martínez-Sibaja; Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre; Sergio Zamora-Castro; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. 2020. "Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology." Molecules 25, no. 22: 5273.

Review
Published: 09 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Wetland soils are important stores of soil carbon (C) in the biosphere, and play an important role in global carbon cycles in the response strategy to climate change. However, there areknowledge gaps in our understanding of the quantity and distribution in tropical regions. Specifically, Mexican wetlands have not been considered in global carbon budgets or carbon balances for a number of reasons, such as: (1) the lack of data, (2) Spanish publications have not been selected, or (3) because such balances are mainly made in the English language. This study analyzes the literature regarding carbon stocks, sequestration and fluxes in Mexican forested wetlands (Forest-W). Soil carbon stocks of 8, 24.5 and 40.1 kg cm−2 were detected for flooded palms, mangroves, and freshwater or swamps (FW) wetland soils, respectively, indicating that FW soils are the Forest-W with more potential for carbon sinks (p = 0.023), compared to mangroves and flooded palm soils. While these assessments of carbon sequestration were ranged from 36 to 920 g-C m−2 year−1, C emitted as methane was also tabulated (0.6–196 g-C m−2 year−1). Subtracting the C emitted of the C sequestered, 318.2 g-C m−2 year−1 were obtained. Such data revealed that Forest-W function is mainly as carbon sink, and not C source. This review can help to inform practitioners in future decisions regarding sustainable projects, restoration, conservation or creation of wetlands. Finally, it is concluded that Forest-W could be key ecosystems in strategies addressing the mitigation of climate change through carbon storage. However, new studies in this research line and public policies that protect these essential carbon sinks are necessary in order to, hopefully, elaborate global models to make more accurate predictions about future climate.

ACS Style

Sergio Zamora; Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Gastón Ballut-Dajud; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; Erick Arturo Betanzo-Torres; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Carbon Fluxes and Stocks by Mexican Tropical Forested Wetland Soils: A Critical Review of Its Role for Climate Change Mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7372 .

AMA Style

Sergio Zamora, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Gastón Ballut-Dajud, Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel, Erick Arturo Betanzo-Torres, José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Carbon Fluxes and Stocks by Mexican Tropical Forested Wetland Soils: A Critical Review of Its Role for Climate Change Mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (20):7372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Zamora; Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Gastón Ballut-Dajud; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; Erick Arturo Betanzo-Torres; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. 2020. "Carbon Fluxes and Stocks by Mexican Tropical Forested Wetland Soils: A Critical Review of Its Role for Climate Change Mitigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7372.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Journal of Water and Health
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In this study, the effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen (IB) and conventional pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) is reported; this, through its use as an emergent vegetation in fully saturated (FS) constructed wetlands (CWs) at mesocosm level treating polluted river water. With the exception of TP and COD, it was found that for TN (12%), NH4+-N (11%), TSS (19%), and IB (23%), the removals in systems with vegetation were superior to systems without vegetation (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the importance of the species S. blandum, in particular, for the removal of ibuprofen, which is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly found in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Thus, the results obtained provide information that can be used for the design of future efficient large-scale systems using a new ornamental species, mainly under tropical climatic conditions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

ACS Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz; Jacel Adame-García; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; Florentina Zurita. Effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen and conventional pollutants from polluted river water, in fully saturated constructed wetlands at mesocosm level. Journal of Water and Health 2020, 18, 224 -228.

AMA Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz, Jacel Adame-García, Gregorio Fernández-Lambert, Florentina Zurita. Effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen and conventional pollutants from polluted river water, in fully saturated constructed wetlands at mesocosm level. Journal of Water and Health. 2020; 18 (2):224-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz; Jacel Adame-García; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; Florentina Zurita. 2020. "Effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen and conventional pollutants from polluted river water, in fully saturated constructed wetlands at mesocosm level." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 2: 224-228.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Ecological Engineering
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This study investigated pollutants (fluoride, chloride, nitrate, ammonia, phosphates, sulphate and total and volatile solids) removal efficiency from domestic wastewater and plant growth during 195 days in domiciliary constructed wetland (DCWs) microcosms. DCWs were planted with monoculture of Canna hybrid, Alpinia purpurata and Hedychium coronarium and polyculture of the same ornamental flowering plants (OFP), having river rock as a porous substrate. All OFP survived in the DCWs conditions without physical damage. C. hybrid showed the highest length and volume of roots and the highest height and number of flowers than other species in both, mono and polyculture systems. H. coronarium, did not produce flowers. A. purpurata grew better in monoculture than polyculture. Ammonia nitrogen removal was significantly higher in DCW microcosms with monocultures of C. hybrid than with monocultures of A. purpurata (p = .037), but no significantly different than monocultures of H. coronarium (p = .466), Contrary, removal efficiency of this ion was significantly higher in polyculture than mocultures of A. purpurata (p = .024) and H. coronarium (p = .0.032) but no significantly different than monoculture of C. hybrid.The other parameters were removed similarly in both cultures of plants (20–81%; p > .05). Polycultures of OFP are a good option for wastewater treatment in DCWs.

ACS Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; M. Paz Gallegos-Pérez; Sol Iveth Amaya-Tejeda. Plant growth and pollutant removal from wastewater in domiciliary constructed wetland microcosms with monoculture and polyculture of tropical ornamental plants. Ecological Engineering 2020, 147, 105658 .

AMA Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz, María E. Hernández, M. Paz Gallegos-Pérez, Sol Iveth Amaya-Tejeda. Plant growth and pollutant removal from wastewater in domiciliary constructed wetland microcosms with monoculture and polyculture of tropical ornamental plants. Ecological Engineering. 2020; 147 ():105658.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; M. Paz Gallegos-Pérez; Sol Iveth Amaya-Tejeda. 2020. "Plant growth and pollutant removal from wastewater in domiciliary constructed wetland microcosms with monoculture and polyculture of tropical ornamental plants." Ecological Engineering 147, no. : 105658.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Water Science and Technology
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a new species of plant (Spathiphyllum blandum) in the elimination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms (FCs) in mesocosms of wetlands with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and tezontle substrates under a tropical climate. The experiments were developed at the mesocosm level in 20 experimental units; 10 were planted with Spathiphyllum blandum, five in PET substrates and five in tezontle, and 10 more were used as controls without vegetation, of which five contained tezontle and five contained PET. The systems were fed with contaminated water from the river Sordo, with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days for 12 months; samples were taken in the influent and effluents of the mesocosms every 2 weeks, with the purpose of evaluating the removal of contaminants. The results showed that presence of this species tended to improve or significantly improved the removal of COD, NH4-N, PO4-P, and FCs by 7%, 16%, 29% and 12%, respectively. It was also possible to confirm that the presence of this species reduced the rate of denitrification. These results confirm that in developing countries it is feasible to find new wetland species to be used for wastewater phytoremediation.

ACS Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Florentina Zurita; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; Jacel Adame-García; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. Influence of a new ornamental species (Spathiphyllum blandum) on the removal of COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms: a mesocosm wetland study with PET and tezontle substrates. Water Science and Technology 2020, 81, 961 -970.

AMA Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Florentina Zurita, Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel, Jacel Adame-García, Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. Influence of a new ornamental species (Spathiphyllum blandum) on the removal of COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms: a mesocosm wetland study with PET and tezontle substrates. Water Science and Technology. 2020; 81 (5):961-970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Florentina Zurita; Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel; Jacel Adame-García; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. 2020. "Influence of a new ornamental species (Spathiphyllum blandum) on the removal of COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms: a mesocosm wetland study with PET and tezontle substrates." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 5: 961-970.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Water
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are sustainable technologies where the channels are filled with porous material and plants, which collectively remove pollutants, depending on the type of substrate and vegetation. This study evaluated CWs and their functionality by comparing three ornamental plants (Canna indica, Cyperus papyrus, and Hedychium coronarium) as a phytoremediation process of wastewater, in CWs filled with layers of porous stone–tepezil–plastic residues–soil (S-A), or in microcosms with layers of porous stone–tepezil–soil without the presence of plastic (S-B). The findings during 180 days showed that the removals of pollutants (chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids suspended (TSS), nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4), as nitrate (N-NO3), and phosphate (P-PO4) were 20%–60% higher in microcosms with plants than in the absence of plants. Statistical differences were not observed when comparing removal effects among S-A and S-B, indicating that plastic residues as filter material in CWs did not affect the pollutant removal, growth, flowering, and shoots of plants. The use of plastic residues as filter may represent a less costly alternative in CW establishments. Dependence on N-NH4 and TSS removal was observed according to plant species. The three species used are suitable for using in CWs as wastewater treatment. In addition, the ornamental plants could generate interest for a commercial option.

ACS Style

Sergio Zamora; J. Luis Marín-Muñíz; Carlos Nakase-Rodríguez; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; Luis Sandoval. Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetland Eco-Technology: Influence of Mineral and Plastic Materials as Filter Media and Tropical Ornamental Plants. Water 2019, 11, 2344 .

AMA Style

Sergio Zamora, J. Luis Marín-Muñíz, Carlos Nakase-Rodríguez, Gregorio Fernández-Lambert, Luis Sandoval. Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetland Eco-Technology: Influence of Mineral and Plastic Materials as Filter Media and Tropical Ornamental Plants. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Zamora; J. Luis Marín-Muñíz; Carlos Nakase-Rodríguez; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; Luis Sandoval. 2019. "Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetland Eco-Technology: Influence of Mineral and Plastic Materials as Filter Media and Tropical Ornamental Plants." Water 11, no. 11: 2344.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2019 in Processes
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Improving water quality is a relevant environmental aspect, and using constructed wetlands (CWs) is a sustainable option for this; both porous material filled cells and plants that collectively remove contaminants must be readily available and inexpensive. This study evaluated CWs and their functionality by comparing two ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii and Hedychium coronarium) planted in experimental mesocosm units filled with layers of porous river rock, tepezil, and soil, or in mesocosms with layers of porous river rock, and tepezil, without the presence of soil. The findings during the experiments (180 days), showed that the removal of pollutants (chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids suspended (TSS), nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4), as nitrate (N-NO3), and phosphate (P-PO4) was 20–50% higher in mesocosms with vegetation that in the absence of this, and those mesocosms with the soil layer between 33–45% favored removal of P-PO4. Differences regarding of vegetation removal were only observed for N-NH4, being 25–45% higher in CWs with H. coronarium, compared with S. wallisii. Both species are suitable for using in CWs, for its functionality as phytoremediation, and aesthetic advantages could generate interest for wastewater treatment in rural communities, parks, schools or in domiciliary levels like floral flower boxes in the backyard. The study also revealed that a soil layer in CWs is necessary to increase the removal of P-PO4, an ion hardly eliminated in water treatment.

ACS Style

Sergio Zamora; Luis Sandoval; J. Luis Marín-Muñíz; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; M. Graciela Hernández-Orduña. Impact of Ornamental Vegetation Type and Different Substrate Layers on Pollutant Removal in Constructed Wetland Mesocosms Treating Rural Community Wastewater. Processes 2019, 7, 531 .

AMA Style

Sergio Zamora, Luis Sandoval, J. Luis Marín-Muñíz, Gregorio Fernández-Lambert, M. Graciela Hernández-Orduña. Impact of Ornamental Vegetation Type and Different Substrate Layers on Pollutant Removal in Constructed Wetland Mesocosms Treating Rural Community Wastewater. Processes. 2019; 7 (8):531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Zamora; Luis Sandoval; J. Luis Marín-Muñíz; Gregorio Fernández-Lambert; M. Graciela Hernández-Orduña. 2019. "Impact of Ornamental Vegetation Type and Different Substrate Layers on Pollutant Removal in Constructed Wetland Mesocosms Treating Rural Community Wastewater." Processes 7, no. 8: 531.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2019 in Botanical Sciences
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Background: Radial oxygen release by wetland plants is a process that creates aerobic conditions in the sediment that enhance aerobic microbial activity. Such activity has a big impact on wetland environmental services. Little is known about radial oxygen release by native macrophytes of tropical wetlands.Study site: Veracruz, MexicoResearch Questions: Which of the most abundant native macrophytes from tropical wetlands have the higher radial oxygen release? What is the effect of hydrological condition on radial oxygen release of the most abundant native wetlands plants of tropical wetlands?Methods: Root production, root porosity and Oxygen radial release were measured in 7 native macrophytes of tropical wetlands in Veracruz. The macrophytes were grown under three hydrological conditions: capillarity, saturation and flooding.Results: The species that produced more weight and volume of root (Pontederia Sagittata, Sagitaria lancifolia y Thalia geniculata) showed low radial oxygen released base on dry weight. Under flooding conditions, radial oxygen release per plant showed significant differences between the species, being Typha dominguensis the specie with the highest oxygen radial release (148 ±46 µmol O2 d-1) and Leersia ligularis the plant with the lowest radial oxygen release (22 ±46 µmol O2 d-1).Conclusion: Flooding conditions decreased root volume and weight of native macrophytes from Veracruz wetlands, also increased root porosity and in general stimulated higher radial oxygen release per plant, with significant differences among the studied plants, indicating that radial oxygen release depend of plant phenological characteristics and the hydrological conditions.

ACS Style

Evelyn Sánchez-Olivares; José Luis Marin-Muñiz; Maria Elizabeth Hernandez-Alarcón. Liberación de oxígeno radial por las raíces de las plantas nativas de humedales tropicales costeros de Veracruz en respuesta a diferentes condiciones de inundación. Botanical Sciences 2019, 97, 202 -210.

AMA Style

Evelyn Sánchez-Olivares, José Luis Marin-Muñiz, Maria Elizabeth Hernandez-Alarcón. Liberación de oxígeno radial por las raíces de las plantas nativas de humedales tropicales costeros de Veracruz en respuesta a diferentes condiciones de inundación. Botanical Sciences. 2019; 97 (2):202-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Evelyn Sánchez-Olivares; José Luis Marin-Muñiz; Maria Elizabeth Hernandez-Alarcón. 2019. "Liberación de oxígeno radial por las raíces de las plantas nativas de humedales tropicales costeros de Veracruz en respuesta a diferentes condiciones de inundación." Botanical Sciences 97, no. 2: 202-210.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2019 in Sustainability
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The effects of Canna indica (P1), Pontederia sagittata (P2), and Spathiphyllum wallisii (P3) growing in different filter media materials (12 using porous river rock and 12 using tepezyl) on the seasonal removal of pollutants of wastewater using fill-and-drain constructed wetlands (FD-CWs) were investigated during 12 months. Three units of every media were planted with one plant of P1, P2, and P3, and three were kept unplanted. C. indica was the plant with higher growth than the other species, in both filter media. The species with more flower production were: C. indica > P. sagittate > S. wallisii. Reflecting similarly in the biomass of the plants, C. indica and P. sagittata showed more quantity of aerial and below ground biomass productivity than S. wallisii. With respect to the removal efficiency, both porous media were efficient in terms of pollutant removal performance (p > 0.05). However, removal efficiency showed a dependence on ornamental plants. The higher removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrates (NO3−-N), ammonium (NH4+-N), and phosphates (PO4−3-P) oscillated between 81% to 83%, 80% to 84%, 61% to 69%, 61% to 68%, 65% to 71%, 62% to 68%, and 66% to 69%, respectively, in P1 and P2, removals 15% to 30% higher than P3. The removal in planted microcosms was significantly higher than the unplanted control units (p = 0.023). Nitrogen and phosphorous compounds were highly removed (60%–80%) because in typical CWs, such pollutant removals are usually smaller, indicating the importance of FD-CWs on wastewater treatments using porous river rock and tepezyl as porous filter media. (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), (NO3−-N), (NH4+-N), (TKN), and (PO4−3-P).

ACS Style

Sergio A. Zamora-Castro; José Luis Marín-Muñiz; Luis Sandoval; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; Juan Manuel Carrión-Delgado. Effect of Ornamental Plants, Seasonality, and Filter Media Material in Fill-and-Drain Constructed Wetlands Treating Rural Community Wastewater. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2350 .

AMA Style

Sergio A. Zamora-Castro, José Luis Marín-Muñiz, Luis Sandoval, Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez, Juan Manuel Carrión-Delgado. Effect of Ornamental Plants, Seasonality, and Filter Media Material in Fill-and-Drain Constructed Wetlands Treating Rural Community Wastewater. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio A. Zamora-Castro; José Luis Marín-Muñiz; Luis Sandoval; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; Juan Manuel Carrión-Delgado. 2019. "Effect of Ornamental Plants, Seasonality, and Filter Media Material in Fill-and-Drain Constructed Wetlands Treating Rural Community Wastewater." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2350.

Review
Published: 17 February 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments; such importance in CWs is described here. A literature survey of 87 CWs from 21 countries showed that the four most commonly used flowering ornamental vegetation genera were Canna, Iris, Heliconia and Zantedeschia. In terms of geographical location, Canna spp. is commonly found in Asia, Zantedeschia spp. is frequent in Mexico (a country in North America), Iris is most commonly used in Asia, Europe and North America, and species of the Heliconia genus are commonly used in Asia and parts of the Americas (Mexico, Central and South America). This review also compares the use of ornamental plants versus natural wetland plants and systems without plants for removing pollutants (organic matter, nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds). The removal efficiency was similar between flowering ornamental and natural wetland plants. However, pollutant removal was better when using ornamental plants than in unplanted CWs. The use of ornamental flowering plants in CWs is an excellent option, and efforts should be made to increase the adoption of these system types and use them in domiciliary, rural and urban areas.

ACS Style

Luis Sandoval; Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 685 .

AMA Style

Luis Sandoval, Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro, Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez, José Luis Marín-Muñiz. Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (4):685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Sandoval; Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro; Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez; José Luis Marín-Muñiz. 2019. "Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4: 685.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The current knowledge about the role terrestrial ornamental plants play in constructed wetlands (CWs) has scarcely been evaluated. Likewise, little attention has been given towards the use of new support or fill media for subsurface flow CWs, which may result in the reduction of costs when implemented on a large scale. This study evaluated, during nine months, the effect of three terrestrial ornamental plants and two substrates on the elimination of pollutants in wastewaters by using fill-and-drain vertical subsurface flow CWs (FD-CWs). Sixteen microcosms were used, nine filled with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nine with porous river stone (PRS). For each type of substrate, duplicates of microcosms were used, utilizing Anthurium sp., Zantedeschia aethiopica, and Spathiphyllum wallisii as vegetation and two other CWs without vegetation as controls. The environmental conditions, number of flowers, and height of the plants were registered. The results revealed that both substrates in the FD-CWs were efficient in removing pollutants. The average removal of pollutants in systems with vegetation revealed a positive effect on the reduction of the biochemical oxygen demand (55–70%), nitrates (28–44%), phosphates (25–45%), and fecal coliforms (52–65%). Meanwhile, in units without vegetation, the reduction of pollutants was nearly 40–50% less than in those with vegetation. The use of PET as a filling substrate in CWs did not affect the growth and/or the flowering of the species; therefore, its use combined with the species studied in CWs may be replicated in villages with similar wastewater problems. This may represent a reduction in implementation costs when utilizing PET recycled wastes and PRS as substrates in these systems in comparison with the typical substrates used in CWs. More studies are needed to better understand the interactions among these novel support media and the commercial terrestrial ornamental plants.

ACS Style

Luis Sandoval; José Luis Marín-Muñiz; Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman. Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 167 .

AMA Style

Luis Sandoval, José Luis Marín-Muñiz, Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro, Fabiola Sandoval-Salas, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman. Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (2):167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Sandoval; José Luis Marín-Muñiz; Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman. 2019. "Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 167.

Review
Published: 09 October 2018
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The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments; such importance in CWs is described here. A literature survey of 87 CWs from 21 countries showed that the four most commonly used flowering ornamental vegetation genera were Canna, Iris, Heliconia and Zantedeschia. In terms of geographical location, Canna spp. is commonly found in Asia, Zantedeschia spp. is frequent in Mexico (a country in North America), Iris is most commonly used in Asia, Europe and North America, and species of the Heliconia genus are commonly used in Asia and parts of the Americas (Mexico, Central and South America). This review also compares the use of ornamental plants versus natural wetland plants and systems without plants for removing pollutants (COD, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds). The removal efficiency was similar between flowering ornamental and natural wetland plants. However, pollutant removal was better when using ornamental plants than in unplanted CWs. The use of ornamental flowering plants in CWs is an excellent option, and efforts should be made to increase the adoption of these system types and use them in domiciliary, rural and urban areas.

ACS Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Josè Luis Marín-Muñiz; María Graciela Hernández Y Orduñas; Antonio Janoary Aleman-Chang. Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Josè Luis Marín-Muñiz, María Graciela Hernández Y Orduñas, Antonio Janoary Aleman-Chang. Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo; Josè Luis Marín-Muñiz; María Graciela Hernández Y Orduñas; Antonio Janoary Aleman-Chang. 2018. "Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2018 in Sustainability
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The high costs involved in treating wastewater are problems that developing countries confront, mainly in rural areas. Therefore, Constructed Wetlands (CWs), which are composed of substrate, vegetation, and microorganisms, are an economically and ecologically viable option for wastewater treatment in these places. There is a wide variety of possibilities for substrates and ornamental plants that have not yet been evaluated to be implemented in future CW designs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the process of adaptation and removal of wastewater pollutants in CW microcosms using different terrestrial ornamental plants (Lavandula sp., Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Zantedeschia aethiopica). Those plants were sown in two types of substrate: red volcanic gravel (RVG) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). CWs with vegetation reduced 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) by 68% with RVG substrate and 63% with PET substrate, nitrates 50% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, phosphates 38% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, and fecal coliforms 64% in RVG and 59% in PET substrate). In control microcosms without vegetation, reductions were significantly lower than those in the presence of plants, with reduction of BOD5 by 61% in RVG substrate and 55% in PET substrate, nitrates 26% in RVG substrate and 22% in PET substrate, phosphates 27% in RVG substrate and 25% in PET substrate. Concerning fecal coliforms 62% were removed in RVG substrate and 59% in PET substrate. Regarding the production of flowers, Lavandula sp. did not manage to adapt and died 45 days after sowing and did not produce flowers. Spathiphyllum wallisii produced 12 flowers in RVG and nine flowers in PET, while Zantedeschia aethiopica produced 10 in RVG and 7 in PET. These results showed that the use of substrates made of RVG and PET is a viable alternative to be implemented in CWs. In addition, the reuse of PET is an option that decreases pollution by garbage. The plants Spathiphyllum wallisii and Zantedeschia aethiopica remarkably contribute in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. Additionally, the use of ornamental plants, with commercial interest such as those evaluated, enables an added value to the CW to be given, which can be used for flower production purposes on a larger scale and favor its acceptance within rural communities.

ACS Style

Luis Sandoval-Herazo; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman; José Marín-Muñiz; Juan Méndez-Contreras; Sergio Zamora. Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1594 .

AMA Style

Luis Sandoval-Herazo, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman, José Marín-Muñiz, Juan Méndez-Contreras, Sergio Zamora. Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Sandoval-Herazo; Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman; José Marín-Muñiz; Juan Méndez-Contreras; Sergio Zamora. 2018. "Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1594.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2016 in Madera y Bosques
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Este estudio indaga las percepciones de los habitantes de Monte Gordo, Veracruz sobre los servicios ambientales que proveen los humedales arbóreos. Se recolectaron opiniones de informantes clave de la comunidad mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los datos se analizaron y reforzaron con las percepciones obtenidas durante una prueba piloto y estos últimos se categorizaron de acuerdo con la población productiva (PP) y jóvenes estudiantes (PE). El análisis de percepciones incluyó las reflexiones de jóvenes y adultos (generacional). Se encontró que las percepciones sobre los servicios ambientales de los humedales (hábitat de vida silvestre y tratamientos naturales de agua) y uso de los humedales (áreas de basureros) variaron significativamente entre los grupos de PP y PE al igual que el análisis reflexivo de nivel generacional. Los informantes clave percibieron que los principales servicios ambientales que los humedales proveen son: productos alimenticios, materia prima para construcción y como atracción turística. La función de humedales como sitios de protección a inundaciones y costas no fue claramente percibida. La pérdida de humedales se percibió como una situación que ha incrementado a través del tiempo en la comunidad, sin embargo, las situaciones que lo han provocado y su importancia a nivel local varió entre los entrevistados con respecto a sus actividades. Los recursos alimenticios y otros servicios de los humedales les atañen de forma colectiva por lo que se requieren iniciativas locales de acción colectiva en donde se integre a los habitantes del pueblo, autoridades municipales y a dueños de terrenos de las zonas más altas a la comunidad cuyas actividades también repercuten en la situación actual de los humedales de Monte Gordo.

ACS Style

José Luis Marin-Muñiz; María E. Hernández Alarcón; Evodia Silva Rivera; Patricia Moreno-Casasola. Percepciones sobre servicios ambientales y pérdida de humedales arbóreos en la comunidad de Monte Gordo, Veracruz. Madera y Bosques 2016, 22, 1 .

AMA Style

José Luis Marin-Muñiz, María E. Hernández Alarcón, Evodia Silva Rivera, Patricia Moreno-Casasola. Percepciones sobre servicios ambientales y pérdida de humedales arbóreos en la comunidad de Monte Gordo, Veracruz. Madera y Bosques. 2016; 22 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Marin-Muñiz; María E. Hernández Alarcón; Evodia Silva Rivera; Patricia Moreno-Casasola. 2016. "Percepciones sobre servicios ambientales y pérdida de humedales arbóreos en la comunidad de Monte Gordo, Veracruz." Madera y Bosques 22, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2015 in Water Policy
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Historically, water sanitation has not been a priority for any sector of society in Mexico, and substantial technical and ecological problems exist in this country's wastewater treatment systems. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have proven to be an exceptional alternative, particularly for rural areas in developing countries. This paper identifies the status of research on CWs in Mexico, and discusses the possibilities for their use. Our review showed that interest in CWs in Mexico is growing exponentially, particularly in academic institutions. Consequently, published documents are mostly on experimental wetlands, although there are a few experienced groups devoted to producing technology and providing training needed to apply CWs. CWs are generally used for domestic wastewater treatment, disregarding other pollution sources such as agriculture and industry. Rural communities have the most potential to obtain and apply this technology, but unfortunately their degree of use of these systems is still very low. The current status of research and application of CWs leads to a few options discussed in this paper to promote their use in Mexico, taking into account that the success of these alternatives can only be achieved by partnering with governments, water treatment companies, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and rural communities.

ACS Style

P. L. García-García; L. Ruelas-Monjardín; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. Constructed wetlands: a solution to water quality issues in Mexico? Water Policy 2015, 18, 654 -669.

AMA Style

P. L. García-García, L. Ruelas-Monjardín, Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. Constructed wetlands: a solution to water quality issues in Mexico? Water Policy. 2015; 18 (3):654-669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. L. García-García; L. Ruelas-Monjardín; Jose Luis Marin-Muñiz. 2015. "Constructed wetlands: a solution to water quality issues in Mexico?" Water Policy 18, no. 3: 654-669.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Atmospheric Environment
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ACS Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; Patricia Moreno Casasola. Greenhouse gas emissions from coastal freshwater wetlands in Veracruz Mexico: Effect of plant community and seasonal dynamics. Atmospheric Environment 2015, 107, 107 -117.

AMA Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz, María E. Hernández, Patricia Moreno Casasola. Greenhouse gas emissions from coastal freshwater wetlands in Veracruz Mexico: Effect of plant community and seasonal dynamics. Atmospheric Environment. 2015; 107 ():107-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; Patricia Moreno Casasola. 2015. "Greenhouse gas emissions from coastal freshwater wetlands in Veracruz Mexico: Effect of plant community and seasonal dynamics." Atmospheric Environment 107, no. : 107-117.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2014 in Plant and Soil
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Wetlands are important carbon sinks across the planet. However, soil carbon sequestration in tropical freshwater wetlands has been studied less than its counterpart in temperate wetlands. We compared carbon stocks and carbon sequestration in freshwater wetlands with various geomorphic features (estuarine, perilacustrine and depressional) and various plant communities (marshes and swamps) on the tropical coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. These swamps are dominated by Ficus insipida, Pachira aquatic and Annona glabra and the marshes by Typha domingensis, Thalia geniculata, Cyperus giganteus, and Pontederia sagittata. The soil carbon concentration and bulk density were measured every 2 cm along 80 cm soil profiles in five swamps and five marshes. Short-term sediment accretion rates were measured during a year using horizontal makers in three of the five swamps and marshes, the carbon sequestration was calculated using the accretion rates, and the bulk density and the percentage of organic carbon in the surficial layer was measured. The average carbon concentration ranged from 50 to 150 gC kg−1 in the marshes and 50 to 225 gC kg−1 in the swamps. When the wetlands were grouped according to their geomorphic features, no significant differences in the carbon stock (P = 0.095) were found (estuarine (25.50 ± 2.26 kgC m−2), perilacustrine (28.33 ± 2.74 kgC m−2) and depressional wetlands (34.93 ± 4.56 kgC m−2)). However, the carbon stock was significantly higher (P = 0.030) in the swamps (34.96 ± 1.3 kgC m−2) than in the marshes (25.85 ± 1.19 kgC m−2). The average sediment accretion rates were 1.55 ± 0.09 cm yr−1 in the swamps and 0.84 ± 0.02 cm yr−1 in the marshes with significant differences (P = 0.040). The rate of carbon sequestration was higher (P = 0.001) in swamp soils (0.92 ± 0.12 kgC m−2 yr−1) than marsh soils (0.31 ± 0.08 kgC m−2 yr−1). Differences in the rates of carbon sequestration associated with geomorphic features were found between the swamp ecosystems (P P P = 0.324) in carbon sequestration rates were found between the marsh and swamp areas of the depressional site. Swamp soils are more important contributors to the carbon stock and sequestration than are marsh soils, resulting in a reduction in global warming, which suggests that the plant community is an important factor that needs to be considered in global carbon budgets and projects of restoration and conservation of wetlands.

ACS Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; Patricia Moreno-Casasola. Comparing soil carbon sequestration in coastal freshwater wetlands with various geomorphic features and plant communities in Veracruz, Mexico. Plant and Soil 2014, 378, 189 -203.

AMA Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz, María E. Hernández, Patricia Moreno-Casasola. Comparing soil carbon sequestration in coastal freshwater wetlands with various geomorphic features and plant communities in Veracruz, Mexico. Plant and Soil. 2014; 378 (1-2):189-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Marín-Muñiz; María E. Hernández; Patricia Moreno-Casasola. 2014. "Comparing soil carbon sequestration in coastal freshwater wetlands with various geomorphic features and plant communities in Veracruz, Mexico." Plant and Soil 378, no. 1-2: 189-203.