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Most palm oil mills adopted conventional ponding system, including anaerobic, aerobic, facultative and algae ponds, for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Only a few mills installed a bio-polishing plant to treat POME further before its final discharge. The present study aims to determine the quality and toxicity levels of POME final discharge from three different mills by using conventional chemical analyses and fish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity (FET) test. The effluent derived from mill A which installed with a bio-polishing plant had lower values of BOD, COD and TSS at 45 mg/L, 104 mg/L, and 27 mg/L, respectively. Only mill A nearly met the industrial effluent discharge standard for BOD. In FET test, effluent from mill A recorded low lethality and most of the embryos were malformed after hatching (half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 20%). The highest toxicity was observed from the effluent of mill B and all embryos were coagulated after 24 h in samples greater than 75% of effluent (38% of half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h). The embryos in the effluent from mill C recorded high mortality after hatching, and the survivors were malformed after 96 h exposure (LC50 = 26%). Elemental analysis of POME final discharge samples showed Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were in the range of 0.10–0.32 mg/L, 0.01–0.99 mg/L, and 0.94–4.54 mg/L, respectively and all values were below the effluent permissible discharge limits. However, the present study found these metals inhibited D. rerio embryonic development at 0.12 mg/L of Cu, and 4.9 mg/L of Fe for 96 h-EC50. The present study found that bio-polishing plant installed in mill A effectively removing pollutants especially BOD and the FET test was a useful method to monitor quality and toxicity of the POME final discharge samples.
Yuya Hashiguchi; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Yoshihito Shirai; Mohd Ali Hassan. Ecotoxicological assessment of palm oil mill effluent final discharge by zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic assay. Environmental Pollution 2021, 277, 116780 .
AMA StyleYuya Hashiguchi, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Maeda Toshinari, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Yoshihito Shirai, Mohd Ali Hassan. Ecotoxicological assessment of palm oil mill effluent final discharge by zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic assay. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 277 ():116780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuya Hashiguchi; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Yoshihito Shirai; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2021. "Ecotoxicological assessment of palm oil mill effluent final discharge by zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic assay." Environmental Pollution 277, no. : 116780.
Biodiesel side stream waste glycerol was identified as a cheap carbon source for rhamnolipids (RLs) production which at the same time could improve the management of waste. The present study aimed to produce RLs by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6 utilizing waste glycerol as a substrate and to evaluate their physico-chemicals properties. Fermentation conditions such as temperature, initial medium pH, waste glycerol concentration, nitrogen sources and concentrations resulted in different compositions of the mono- and di-RLs produced. The maximum RLs production of 2.73 g/L was obtained when P. aeruginosa RS6 was grown in a basal salt medium supplemented with 1% waste glycerol and 0.2 M sodium nitrate at 35 °C and pH 6.5. At optimal fermentation conditions, the emulsification index (E24) values of cooking oil, diesel oil, benzene, olive oil, petroleum, and kerosene were all above E24=50%. The surface tension reduction obtained from 72.13 mN/m to 29.4–30.4 mN/m was better than the surface activity of some chemical-based surfactants. The RLs produced possessed antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with values ranging from 37% to 77% of growth inhibition when 1 mg/mL of RLs was used. Concentrations of RLs below 1500 μg/mL did not induce phytotoxicity effects on the tested seeds (Vigna radiata) compared to the chemical-based- surfactant, SDS. Furthermore, RLs tested on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos only exhibited low acute toxicity with an LC50 value of 72.97 μg/mL at 48 h of exposure suggesting a green and eco-biochemical worthy of future applications to replace chemical-based surfactants.
Shobanah Menon Baskaran; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ahmad Syafiq Mukhlis Ahmad Sabri; Mohd Shamzi Mohamed; Helmi Wasoh; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Ali Hassan; Ibrahim M. Banat. Valorization of biodiesel side stream waste glycerol for rhamnolipids production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6. Environmental Pollution 2021, 276, 116742 .
AMA StyleShobanah Menon Baskaran, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Ahmad Syafiq Mukhlis Ahmad Sabri, Mohd Shamzi Mohamed, Helmi Wasoh, Maeda Toshinari, Mohd Ali Hassan, Ibrahim M. Banat. Valorization of biodiesel side stream waste glycerol for rhamnolipids production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 276 ():116742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShobanah Menon Baskaran; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ahmad Syafiq Mukhlis Ahmad Sabri; Mohd Shamzi Mohamed; Helmi Wasoh; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Ali Hassan; Ibrahim M. Banat. 2021. "Valorization of biodiesel side stream waste glycerol for rhamnolipids production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6." Environmental Pollution 276, no. : 116742.
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains complex and highly biodegradable organic matters so discharging it without appropriate treatment may lead to environmental problems. POME final discharge quality is normally determined based on conventional chemical detection such as by biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The novelty of the present study is that the toxicity effects of the POME final discharge samples were evaluated based on whole effluent toxicity (WET) and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests using Daphnia magna. The toxicity unit (TU) values were recorded to be in the range from TU = 1.1–11 obtained from WET, and the TIE manipulation tests suggested that a substantial amount of toxic compounds was contained in the POME final discharge. Phenol, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- and heavy metals such as Cu and Zn were detected in all the effluents and were recognized as being the main toxicants in the POME final discharge. GC/MS analyses also successfully identified cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes; cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl- (D4), cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- (D5), cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- (D6). D4 was detected at 0.0148–0.0357 mg/L, which could be potentially toxic. The palm oil industry used only water in the form of steam to process the fruits, and the presence of these compounds might be derived from the detergents and grease used in palm oil mill cleaning and maintenance operations. An appropriate treatment process is thus required to eliminate these toxicants from the POME final discharge. It is recommended that two approaches, chemical-based monitoring as well as biological toxicity-based monitoring, should be utilized for achieving an acceptable quality of POME final discharge in the future.
Yuya Hashiguchi; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Toshinari Maeda; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. Toxicity identification and evaluation of palm oil mill effluent and its effects on the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 710, 136277 .
AMA StyleYuya Hashiguchi, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Toshinari Maeda, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yoshihito Shirai. Toxicity identification and evaluation of palm oil mill effluent and its effects on the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 710 ():136277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuya Hashiguchi; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Toshinari Maeda; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. 2019. "Toxicity identification and evaluation of palm oil mill effluent and its effects on the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna." Science of The Total Environment 710, no. : 136277.
A study was conducted to estimate the possible environmental impacts arising from the generation of bioethanol from oil palm frond sugar juice in a theoretical oil palm based biorefinery model. A life cycle assessment (LCA) with the gate-to-gate approach was performed with the aid of SimaPro version 8.0 whereby ten impact categories were evaluated. The scope included frond collection and transportation, frond sugar juice extraction, and bioethanol fermentation and purification. Evaluation on the processes involved indicated that fermentation contributed to the environmental problems the most, with a contribution range of 52% to 97% for all the impact categories. This was due to a substantial usage of nutrient during this process, which consumes high energy for its production thus contributing a significant burden to the surrounding. Nevertheless, the present system offers a great option for biofuel generation as it utilizes sugar juice from the readily available oil palm waste. Not only solving the issue of land utilization for feedstock cultivation, the enzymatic saccharification step, which commonly necessary for lignocellulosic sugar recovery could also be eliminated.
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof; Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan; Khairul Nadiah Ibrahim; Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. Life Cycle Assessment for Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Frond Juice in an Oil Palm Based Biorefinery. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6928 .
AMA StyleSiti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof, Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan, Khairul Nadiah Ibrahim, Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yoshihito Shirai. Life Cycle Assessment for Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Frond Juice in an Oil Palm Based Biorefinery. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof; Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan; Khairul Nadiah Ibrahim; Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. 2019. "Life Cycle Assessment for Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Frond Juice in an Oil Palm Based Biorefinery." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6928.
The global waste generation keeps increasing over the years and it requires innovative solutions to minimize its impacts on environmental quality and public health. A strategic plan must be ascertained to overcome the future challenges of Municipal solid waste (MSW) locally and globally. Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) coined an initiative to demonstrate a showcase pilot plant for green energy production from MSW. The data was obtained from the survey and actual sampling within the UPM compound shows that UPM has generated 5.0–7.0 t/d of MSW generated consist of 30–35% organic fraction. Restaurants are the main source of the organic fraction. Upon separation, the organic fractions were digested into biogas. At a maximum conversion of the organic fraction, 715 kWh of electricity might be generated from the 2.2 t/d of organic waste generated in UPM. In this study, organic components from UPM were proposed to be subsequently used as a substrate via anaerobic digestion to produce green energy in the form of electricity or flammable fuels.
Ahmad Aiman Zulkifli; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Latifah Abd Manaf; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan; Hidayah Ariffin; Yoshihito Shirai; Mohd Ali Hassan. Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Universiti Putra Malaysia and Its Potential for Green Energy Production. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3909 .
AMA StyleAhmad Aiman Zulkifli, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Latifah Abd Manaf, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan, Hidayah Ariffin, Yoshihito Shirai, Mohd Ali Hassan. Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Universiti Putra Malaysia and Its Potential for Green Energy Production. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3909.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Aiman Zulkifli; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Latifah Abd Manaf; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan; Hidayah Ariffin; Yoshihito Shirai; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2019. "Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Universiti Putra Malaysia and Its Potential for Green Energy Production." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3909.
An integrated treatment system which incorporated an anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system (AAWSS) and a convective sludge dryer (CSD) was established to treat highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a shorter retention period and with a smaller area requirement. Before actual treatment, a start-up operation was performed to achieve optimal degradation performance. The strategy involved a stepwise feeding from 0.2 to 1 m3 d-1 at three day intervals for 15 days. During the operation, the lowest hydraulic retention time of 21 days was achieved and the biogas production was gradually increased from 1,442 to 11,028 kg d-1with the increase of organic loads from 0.46 to 2.2 kg m-3 d-1. COD, VSS and VFA were almost completely (99%) removed, whereas the average percentage removals of SS and TN were 96% and 72%, respectively. To demonstrate the plant’s robustness in treating POME, the AAWSS was proceeded with a 360 days operation. A slight deterioration in COD and SS removals were observed from day 225 to day 265 due to an organic shock load. One unanticipated finding was that the AAWSS regained its stability shortly thereafter thus ensuring consistency of the treatment performance for long-term use. Further treatment with CSD was designed to produce a clear effluent that surpassed the industrial effluent discharge limits at low-cost. By referring to mass balance, the production efficiency achieved 95% condensate yield, leaving 7% concentrate and 2% dewatered solids as byproducts.
Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali; Mohd Ridzuan Othman; Izzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Hafif Samsudin; Yoshihito Shirai. A holistic treatment system for palm oil mill effluent by incorporating the anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system and a convective sludge dryer. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 369, 195 -204.
AMA StyleMohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan, Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali, Mohd Ridzuan Othman, Izzudin Ibrahim, Mohd Hafif Samsudin, Yoshihito Shirai. A holistic treatment system for palm oil mill effluent by incorporating the anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system and a convective sludge dryer. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 369 ():195-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali; Mohd Ridzuan Othman; Izzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Hafif Samsudin; Yoshihito Shirai. 2019. "A holistic treatment system for palm oil mill effluent by incorporating the anaerobic-aerobic-wetland sequential system and a convective sludge dryer." Chemical Engineering Journal 369, no. : 195-204.
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) characteristics could be influenced by the pretreatment process during cellulose isolation, and generally pretreatment is conducted using harsh, less eco-efficiency chemical pretreatment. In this study, multi-step pretreatment method was evaluated for its eco-efficiency and compared with the conventional soda pulping method for cellulose isolation from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). CNF developed from the celluloses pretreated by these methods were characterized. Some amount of hemicellulose residue left after the pretreatments whereby multi-step method showed higher amount of hemicellulose residue. This affected the diameter size of CNF obtained in which CNF from multi-step pretreated cellulose had smaller diameter range (13-33 nm) compared to that of soda pulping (18-52 nm). Crystallinity, thermal stability and degree of polymerization of the two CNFs are comparable. The superior characteristics of CNF obtained from multi-step pretreatment method, in addition to its eco-efficiency characteristic as evaluated based on the two key elements of eco-efficiency, namely, process re-engineering and by-products valorization, have recommended multi-step pretreatment method as a promising method for cellulose isolation from lignocellulose.
Liana Noor Megashah; Hidayah Ariffin; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan. Multi-step pretreatment as an eco-efficient pretreatment method for the production of cellulose nanofiber from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 2018, 1 -8.
AMA StyleLiana Noor Megashah, Hidayah Ariffin, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan. Multi-step pretreatment as an eco-efficient pretreatment method for the production of cellulose nanofiber from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. 2018; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiana Noor Megashah; Hidayah Ariffin; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2018. "Multi-step pretreatment as an eco-efficient pretreatment method for the production of cellulose nanofiber from oil palm empty fruit bunch." Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , no. : 1-8.
Pseudogenes in the Escherichia coli genome are assumed to be non-functional. In this study, Keio collection BW25113∆yqiG and YqiG-producing strain (BW25113/pCA24N-YqiG) were used to evaluate the importance of pseudogene yqiG in hydrogen metabolism. Our results show pseudogene protein YqiG was identified as an essential protein in the production of biohydrogen from glucose. The mutant yqiG decreased biohydrogen production from 37 µmol mg−1 protein to 6 µmol mg−1 protein compared to the wild-type strain, and glucose consumption was reduced by 80%. Through transcriptional analysis, we found that the yqiG mutation represses pflB transcription tenfold; pflB encodes pyruvate-formate lyase, one of the key enzymes in the anaerobic metabolism of E. coli. Moreover, production of YqiG stimulated glycolysis and increased biohydrogen productivity 1.5-fold compared to that of the wild-type strain. Thus, YqiG is important for the central glycolysis reaction and is able to influence hydrogen metabolism activity in E. coli.
Muhammad Azman Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Thomas K. Wood; Toshinari Maeda. Pseudogene product YqiG is important for pflB expression and biohydrogen production in Escherichia coli BW25113. 3 Biotech 2018, 8, 435 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Azman Zakaria, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan, Thomas K. Wood, Toshinari Maeda. Pseudogene product YqiG is important for pflB expression and biohydrogen production in Escherichia coli BW25113. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8 (10):435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azman Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Thomas K. Wood; Toshinari Maeda. 2018. "Pseudogene product YqiG is important for pflB expression and biohydrogen production in Escherichia coli BW25113." 3 Biotech 8, no. 10: 435.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a linear polyester produced through the fermentation of sugar or lipid. Biosynthesis of PHA comprises three enzymes known as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB) and PHA synthase (phaC). Comamonas sp. is one of the strains commonly used for PHA production. In order to develop higher PHA production from bacterial respond strategy, PHA biosynthesis operon of Comamonas sp. EB172 was introduced into Escherichia coli BW25113 through a pGEM-T vector. E. coli was chosen due to the complete genome information available and the absence of depolymerisation gene, phaZ. In this study, the deletion of several single genes, which are frdC, gltA, and pta, was found to be associated with PHA metabolism activity in E. coli BW25113. P1 transduction was performed to construct multiple genes knockout. The engineered strain, E. coli BW25113 frdCgltApta::kan/pGEM’-phaCABCo, yielded the highest PHA production at 64 wt.% with 1.4 fold higher than that of control strain of E. coli BW25113/pGEM’-phaCABCo. This strain is potential for industrial application for higher PHA production from E. coli.
Nurhajirah Mohamed Biran; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Toshinari Maeda; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Lian-Ngit Yee; Mohd Ali Hassan. Triple knockout of frdC gltA and pta genes enhanced pHA production in Escherichia coli. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 2018, 11 -18.
AMA StyleNurhajirah Mohamed Biran, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Toshinari Maeda, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Lian-Ngit Yee, Mohd Ali Hassan. Triple knockout of frdC gltA and pta genes enhanced pHA production in Escherichia coli. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. 2018; ():11-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurhajirah Mohamed Biran; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Toshinari Maeda; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Lian-Ngit Yee; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2018. "Triple knockout of frdC gltA and pta genes enhanced pHA production in Escherichia coli." Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , no. : 11-18.
Characteristics of cellulose isolated from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) using multi-step pretreatment methods were determined in this study. It was postulated that the succession of pretreatment steps for cellulose extraction from lignocellulosic biomass may affect the cellulose properties. Pretreatment steps involved in cellulose extraction were superheated steam (SHS) treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline treatment. OPMF was subjected to SHS treatment to open up the fibres wall structure followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using xylanase for effectiveness enhancement the alkaline treatment afterwards. In order to obtain bleached cellulose, peracetic acid, a totally chlorine free (TCF) chemical was used. Cellulose obtained from these multi-step pretreatment methods had purity of 87.5 %, with crystallinity of 69.2 % and thermally stable up to 360°C.
L N Megashah; H Ariffin; M R Zakaria; Y Ando. Characteristics of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fibres extracted by multi-step pretreatment methods. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 368, 012001 .
AMA StyleL N Megashah, H Ariffin, M R Zakaria, Y Ando. Characteristics of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fibres extracted by multi-step pretreatment methods. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 368 (1):012001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL N Megashah; H Ariffin; M R Zakaria; Y Ando. 2018. "Characteristics of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fibres extracted by multi-step pretreatment methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 368, no. 1: 012001.
This study focuses on the characteristics of cellulose extracts from different oil palm biomass namely oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm frond (OPF). Cellulose was obtained from these biomass through soda pulping process followed by a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching step using peracetic acid solution. It was found that the cellulose extract for OPMF, OPEFB and OPF had 88.8%, 93.0% and 94.6% purity. Further analyses on the properties of cellulose in terms of morphology, thermal stability and crystallinity were conducted. The OPF cellulose obtained after pretreatment exhibited the highest crystallinity at 84.5%, followed by OPEFB (82.4%) and OPMF (69.2%). This directly affected the thermal stability of the celluloses, in which OPF cellulose was more thermally stable compared to celluloses from OPEFB and OPMF, as being recorded by a thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA). Results from this study provide new insight not only for fundamental understanding, but also to forecast the potential applications of cellulose extracts from different type of oil palm biomass, based on the performance of the celluloses reported herein.
L N Megashah; H Ariffin; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan. Properties of Cellulose Extract from Different Types of Oil Palm Biomass. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 368, 012049 .
AMA StyleL N Megashah, H Ariffin, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan. Properties of Cellulose Extract from Different Types of Oil Palm Biomass. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 368 (1):012049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL N Megashah; H Ariffin; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2018. "Properties of Cellulose Extract from Different Types of Oil Palm Biomass." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 368, no. 1: 012049.
S J H M Yusof; A M Roslan; K N Ibrahim; S S S Abdullah; M R Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Y Shirai. Environmental performance of bioethanol production from oil palm frond petiole sugars in an integrated palm biomass biorefinery. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 368, 1 .
AMA StyleS J H M Yusof, A M Roslan, K N Ibrahim, S S S Abdullah, M R Zakaria, Mohd Ali Hassan, Y Shirai. Environmental performance of bioethanol production from oil palm frond petiole sugars in an integrated palm biomass biorefinery. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 368 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS J H M Yusof; A M Roslan; K N Ibrahim; S S S Abdullah; M R Zakaria; Mohd Ali Hassan; Y Shirai. 2018. "Environmental performance of bioethanol production from oil palm frond petiole sugars in an integrated palm biomass biorefinery." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 368, no. : 1.
Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer in the world and this industry generates more than 80 million tonnes of biomass every year. When considering the potential of this biomass to be used as a fermentation feedstock, many studies have been conducted to develop a complete process for sugar production. One of the essential processes is the pre-treatment to modify the lignocellulosic components by altering the structural arrangement and/or removing lignin component to expose the internal structure of cellulose and hemicellulose for cellulases to digest it into sugars. Each of the pre-treatment processes that were developed has their own advantages and disadvantages, which are reviewed in this study.
Nur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal; Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Phang Lai Yee; Mohd Ali Hassan. Pre-treatment of Oil Palm Biomass for Fermentable Sugars Production. Molecules 2018, 23, 1381 .
AMA StyleNur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal, Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Suraini Abd-Aziz, Phang Lai Yee, Mohd Ali Hassan. Pre-treatment of Oil Palm Biomass for Fermentable Sugars Production. Molecules. 2018; 23 (6):1381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal; Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Phang Lai Yee; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2018. "Pre-treatment of Oil Palm Biomass for Fermentable Sugars Production." Molecules 23, no. 6: 1381.
The present work aimed to investigate the pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) in subcritical H2O-CO2 at a temperature range from 150–200 °C and 20–180 min with CO2 pressure from 3–5 MPa. The pretreated solids and liquids from this process were separated by filtration and characterized. Xylooligosaccharides (XOs), sugar monomers, acids, furans and phenols in the pretreated liquids were analyzed by using HPLC. XOs with a degree of polymerization X2–X4 comprising xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose were analyzed by using HPAEC-PAD. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on cellulose-rich pretreated solids to observe xylose and glucose production. An optimal condition for XOs production was achieved at 180 °C, 60 min, 3 MPa and the highest XOs obtained was 81.60 mg/g which corresponded to 36.59% of XOs yield from total xylan of OPMF. The highest xylose and glucose yields obtained from pretreated solids were 29.96% and 84.65%, respectively at cellulase loading of 10 FPU/g-substrate.
Norlailiza Ahmad; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Shinji Fujimoto; Hiroyuki Inoue; Hidayah Ariffin; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihoto Shirai. Subcritical Water-Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber for Xylooligosaccharide and Glucose Production. Molecules 2018, 23, 1310 .
AMA StyleNorlailiza Ahmad, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Shinji Fujimoto, Hiroyuki Inoue, Hidayah Ariffin, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yoshihoto Shirai. Subcritical Water-Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber for Xylooligosaccharide and Glucose Production. Molecules. 2018; 23 (6):1310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorlailiza Ahmad; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Shinji Fujimoto; Hiroyuki Inoue; Hidayah Ariffin; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihoto Shirai. 2018. "Subcritical Water-Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber for Xylooligosaccharide and Glucose Production." Molecules 23, no. 6: 1310.
The combination of superheated steam (SHS) with ligninolytic enzyme laccase pretreatment together with size reduction was conducted in order to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm biomass into glucose. The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) were pretreated with SHS and ground using a hammer mill to sizes of 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mm before pretreatment using laccase to remove lignin. This study showed that reduction of size from raw to 0.25 mm plays important role in lignin degradation by laccase that removed 38.7% and 39.6% of the lignin from OPEFB and OPMF, respectively. The subsequent saccharification process of these pretreated OPEFB and OPMF generates glucose yields of 71.5% and 63.0%, which represent a 4.6 and 4.8-fold increase, respectively, as compared to untreated samples. This study showed that the combination of SHS with laccase pretreatment together with size reduction could enhance the glucose yield.
Nur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal; Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ezyana Kamal Bahrin; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Mohd Ali Hassan. Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass. Molecules 2018, 23, 811 .
AMA StyleNur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal, Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Ezyana Kamal Bahrin, Suraini Abd-Aziz, Mohd Ali Hassan. Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass. Molecules. 2018; 23 (4):811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal; Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Ezyana Kamal Bahrin; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2018. "Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass." Molecules 23, no. 4: 811.
Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap; Yoshihito Shirai; Muhamad Yusuf Hasan; Mohd Rafein Zakaria. Waterless purification using oil palm biomass-derived bioadsorbent improved the quality of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 165, 262 -272.
AMA StyleMohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, Yoshihito Shirai, Muhamad Yusuf Hasan, Mohd Rafein Zakaria. Waterless purification using oil palm biomass-derived bioadsorbent improved the quality of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 165 ():262-272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap; Yoshihito Shirai; Muhamad Yusuf Hasan; Mohd Rafein Zakaria. 2017. "Waterless purification using oil palm biomass-derived bioadsorbent improved the quality of biodiesel from waste cooking oil." Journal of Cleaner Production 165, no. : 262-272.
Azam Fikri Taifor; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. Elucidating substrate utilization in biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent by Escherichia coli. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017, 42, 5812 -5819.
AMA StyleAzam Fikri Taifor, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Maeda Toshinari, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yoshihito Shirai. Elucidating substrate utilization in biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent by Escherichia coli. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017; 42 (9):5812-5819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzam Fikri Taifor; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff; Maeda Toshinari; Mohd Ali Hassan; Yoshihito Shirai. 2017. "Elucidating substrate utilization in biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent by Escherichia coli." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 9: 5812-5819.
Izzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Ali Hassan; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Yoshihito Shirai; Yoshito Andou; Mohd Ridzuan Othman; Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali; Mohd Rafein Zakaria. Reduction of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent final discharge by steam activated bioadsorbent from oil palm biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 141, 122 -127.
AMA StyleIzzudin Ibrahim, Mohd Ali Hassan, Suraini Abd-Aziz, Yoshihito Shirai, Yoshito Andou, Mohd Ridzuan Othman, Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali, Mohd Rafein Zakaria. Reduction of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent final discharge by steam activated bioadsorbent from oil palm biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 141 ():122-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Ali Hassan; Suraini Abd-Aziz; Yoshihito Shirai; Yoshito Andou; Mohd Ridzuan Othman; Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali; Mohd Rafein Zakaria. 2017. "Reduction of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent final discharge by steam activated bioadsorbent from oil palm biomass." Journal of Cleaner Production 141, no. : 122-127.
Compost with nutrient-rich organic matter can be produced from renewable biomass materials such as municipal sewage sludge, landscaping waste and others. In this study, co-composting of municipal sewage sludge and landscaping waste as a soil amendment using 10 m3 pilot scale bioreactor system was tested. The temperature, oxygen level, moisture content and pH were monitored throughout the composting process. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the compost were determined for nutrient availability. The matured compost produced has nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 3.01, 0.27 and 0.68 %, respectively, which made it suitable for the growth of ornamental plants. The Solvita® compost maturity kit gave an index result of 7, which indicated that the product was matured. Pathogenicity test of the compost confirmed that coliforms and Escherichia coli were eliminated within 15 days of composting at the thermophilic stage, making the compost safe to be used in the natural environment.
Zulnaim Dzulkurnain; Mohd Ali Hassan; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab; Muhamad Yusuf Hasan; Yoshihito Shirai. Co-composting of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Landscaping Waste: A Pilot Scale Study. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2016, 8, 695 -705.
AMA StyleZulnaim Dzulkurnain, Mohd Ali Hassan, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab, Muhamad Yusuf Hasan, Yoshihito Shirai. Co-composting of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Landscaping Waste: A Pilot Scale Study. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2016; 8 (3):695-705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulnaim Dzulkurnain; Mohd Ali Hassan; Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab; Muhamad Yusuf Hasan; Yoshihito Shirai. 2016. "Co-composting of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Landscaping Waste: A Pilot Scale Study." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 3: 695-705.
Oil palm mesocarp fiber was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The pretreated slurries were separated by filtration, pretreated liquids and solids were characterized. An enzymatic digestibility study was performed for both pretreated slurries and solids to understand the effect of soluble inhibitors generated during the pretreatment process. The highest glucose yield obtained from pretreated slurries was 70.1%, and gradually decreased with higher pretreatment severities. The highest glucose yield obtained in pretreated solids was 100%, after pretreatment at 210°C for 20min. In order to study the inhibitory effects of compounds generated during pretreatment with cellulase, technical grade solutions that mimic the pretreated liquid were prepared and their effect on Acremonium cellulase activity was monitored using Avicel. Xylo-oligomers and tannic acid were identified as powerful inhibitors of Acremonium cellulase, and the lowest hydrolysis rate of Avicel of 0.18g/g-glucose released/L/h was obtained from tannic acid.
Mohd Rafein Zakaria; Satoshi Hirata; Shinji Fujimoto; Izzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Ali Hassan. Soluble inhibitors generated during hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber suppressed the catalytic activity of Acremonium cellulase. Bioresource Technology 2016, 200, 541 -547.
AMA StyleMohd Rafein Zakaria, Satoshi Hirata, Shinji Fujimoto, Izzudin Ibrahim, Mohd Ali Hassan. Soluble inhibitors generated during hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber suppressed the catalytic activity of Acremonium cellulase. Bioresource Technology. 2016; 200 ():541-547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Rafein Zakaria; Satoshi Hirata; Shinji Fujimoto; Izzudin Ibrahim; Mohd Ali Hassan. 2016. "Soluble inhibitors generated during hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber suppressed the catalytic activity of Acremonium cellulase." Bioresource Technology 200, no. : 541-547.