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Small productive processes (SPPs) are promising drivers that promote the economic use of energy in microgrids (MGs). Both the complex nature of the SPPs and voltage variations make the operation of MGs challenging, since the quality of an energy management system’s (EMS) decisions depend on its characterization. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology for SPPs modeling, and to consider the influence of voltage on load consumption, which has general validity, and can be efficiently integrated into different MG EMS approaches. For this purpose, a novel extended multi-zone ZIP approach for the characterization of SPP loads and sensitivity to voltage changes is proposed. The associated framework herein presented was assessed using actual data collected from SPPs installed near the city of Arica, in northern Chile. The results showed that the proposed methodology was capable of representing the complex load behavior of the SPPs, properly considering the voltage influence. These results were compared with those obtained through common approaches found in the literature. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in representing SPP loads and their sensitivity to voltage changes was verified. The proposed scheme can be efficiently integrated into a wide range of EMS for MGs that include SPPs.
Danny Espín-Sarzosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia. Modeling of Small Productive Processes for the Operation of a Microgrid. Energies 2021, 14, 4162 .
AMA StyleDanny Espín-Sarzosa, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Felipe Valencia. Modeling of Small Productive Processes for the Operation of a Microgrid. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanny Espín-Sarzosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia. 2021. "Modeling of Small Productive Processes for the Operation of a Microgrid." Energies 14, no. 14: 4162.
The Atacama Desert receives the highest levels of solar irradiance in the world with an annual average of 2500 kWh/m2 for the global horizontal irradiance and 3500 kWh/m2 for the direct normal irradiance. One of the challenges is the large portion of ultraviolet light. This part of the spectrum be detrimental for the encapsulant materials, reducing their lifetime. To develop a module adapted to the Atacama Desert conditions, it is imperative to have standardized information from first-hand about the typical faults experienced by photovoltaic modules operating in the desert. This work reports on the design and implementation of the Inspection Data Collection Tool to evaluate crystalline silicon-based moules operating in desert climates. The tool brings together novel features of compatibility with current standards, efficient mobile-type instrumentation (equipment and tools), clear procedures/protocols for non-expert users and low development costs. A total of 95 modules were inspected to characterize failure/degradation issues. Three components of the solar modules were assessed: front cover glass, ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant and solar cells. Seven abnormalities were analyzed: Soiling, front cover glass discoloration, encapsulant delamination, hotspots, partial shading, cell fracture and faulty soldering. Soiling was the most common issue, showing correlation between dust deposition and location.
Pía Vásquez; Ignacia Devoto; Pablo Ferrada; Abel Taquichiri; Carlos Portillo; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Inspection Data Collection Tool for Field Testing of Photovoltaic Modules in the Atacama Desert. Energies 2021, 14, 2409 .
AMA StylePía Vásquez, Ignacia Devoto, Pablo Ferrada, Abel Taquichiri, Carlos Portillo, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Inspection Data Collection Tool for Field Testing of Photovoltaic Modules in the Atacama Desert. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2409.
Chicago/Turabian StylePía Vásquez; Ignacia Devoto; Pablo Ferrada; Abel Taquichiri; Carlos Portillo; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2021. "Inspection Data Collection Tool for Field Testing of Photovoltaic Modules in the Atacama Desert." Energies 14, no. 9: 2409.
To fulfil the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, the solar cooker is one of the key devices. The objective of this work is to propose a new design of solar cooker equipped with internal reflectors and a tracking-type bottom parabolic reflector (TBPR) which may help in attainment of SDGs. The performance of cooker is determined using Cooker Opto-Thermal Ratio (COR) as a Thermal Performance Parameter (TPP) and glycerine as test load. Also, the effectiveness of the booster reflector is estimated using the Effective Concentration Ratio (ECR). First Figure of Merit (F1) and overall cooker efficiency (η) are used to comment on performance of the proposed cooker. The real cooking tests are conducted for family of four people which describes usefulness of the proposed solar cooker. Experimental results depict the mean values of COR for the cooker with and without TBPR as 0.165 and 0.123, respectively. Also, the value of F1 is found to be 0.119 while the value of the ECR for the cooker is 1.34. The overall cooker efficiencies for cooker with and without TBPR are estimated to be 10.7% and 12.5%, respectively. The results show that cooker with TBPR is able attain the intermediate temperatures ~ 140–150 °C. An economic analysis is done using two indicators, Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) and Cooking a Meal (LCCM) and there is a reduction of ~ 44% and 18% in the LCOH and LCCM respectively, for the cooker with TBPR compared to the cooker without TBPR.
M.A. Tawfik; Atul A. Sagade; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Hanan M. El-Shal; W.E. Abd Allah. Solar cooker with tracking-type bottom reflector: An experimental thermal performance evaluation of a new design. Solar Energy 2021, 220, 295 -315.
AMA StyleM.A. Tawfik, Atul A. Sagade, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Hanan M. El-Shal, W.E. Abd Allah. Solar cooker with tracking-type bottom reflector: An experimental thermal performance evaluation of a new design. Solar Energy. 2021; 220 ():295-315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Tawfik; Atul A. Sagade; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Hanan M. El-Shal; W.E. Abd Allah. 2021. "Solar cooker with tracking-type bottom reflector: An experimental thermal performance evaluation of a new design." Solar Energy 220, no. : 295-315.
This paper presents both an extensive literature review and a qualitative and quantitative study conducted on nearly 200 publications from the last six years (based on international experience and a top-down analysis framework with five classification levels) to establish the main trends in the field of centralized energy management systems (EMS) for microgrids. No systematic trend analyses have been observed in this field in previous literature reviews. EMS attributes for several features such as objective functions, resolution techniques, operating models, integration of uncertainties, optimization horizons, and modeling detail levels are considered for main trend identification. The main contribution of this study is the identification of four specific existing research trends: (i) dealing with uncertainties (comprises 33% of the references), (ii) multi-objective strategy (29%), (iii) traditional paradigm (21%), and (iv) P-Q challenge (17%). Each trend is described and analyzed based on the main drive of these separate research fields. The key challenges and the way to cope with them are described based on the rationality of each trend, the results of previous reviews, and the previous experience of the authors. Overall, finding these main trends, together with a complete paper database and their features, serve as a useful outcome for a better understanding of the current research-specific challenges, opportunities, potential barriers, and open questions regarding the creation of future centralized EMS developments. The traditional numerical analysis is insufficient to identify research trends. Therefore, the need of further analyses based on the clustering approach is emphasized.
Danny Espín-Sarzosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Oscar Núñez-Mata. Energy Management Systems for Microgrids: Main Existing Trends in Centralized Control Architectures. Energies 2020, 13, 547 .
AMA StyleDanny Espín-Sarzosa, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Oscar Núñez-Mata. Energy Management Systems for Microgrids: Main Existing Trends in Centralized Control Architectures. Energies. 2020; 13 (3):547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanny Espín-Sarzosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Oscar Núñez-Mata. 2020. "Energy Management Systems for Microgrids: Main Existing Trends in Centralized Control Architectures." Energies 13, no. 3: 547.
This article focused on the estimation of the state of charge (SoC) of a Li-con Cell by carrying out a series of experimental tests at various operating temperatures and SoC. The cell was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, from which the impedance frequency spectrum for different SoC and temperatures was obtained. Indeed, the cell model consisted of a modified Randles circuit type that included a constant phase element so-called Warburg impedance. Each circuit parameter was obtained from the EIS tests. The obtained were been used to develop two numerical models for each parameter, i.e., one based on numerical correlations and the other based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method. A genetic algorithm was used to solve and optimize the numerical models. The accuracy of the models was examined and the results showed that the ANN-based model was more accurate than the correlations-based model. The root mean square relative error (RMSRE) of the parameters Rs, R1, C1 and W for the ANN-based model were: 4.63%, 13.65%, 10.96% and 4.4%, respectively, compared to 7.09%, 27.45%, 34.36% and 7.07% for the correlations-based model, respectively. The SoC was estimated using the extended Kalman filter based on a Randles model, with an estimation RMSRE of about 1.19%.
Victor Pizarro-Carmona; Marcelo Cortés-Carmona; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Williams Calderón-Muñoz; Marcos E. Orchard; Pablo A. Estévez. An Optimized Impedance Model for the Estimation of the State-of-Charge of a Li-Ion Cell: The Case of a LiFePO4 (ANR26650). Energies 2019, 12, 681 .
AMA StyleVictor Pizarro-Carmona, Marcelo Cortés-Carmona, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Williams Calderón-Muñoz, Marcos E. Orchard, Pablo A. Estévez. An Optimized Impedance Model for the Estimation of the State-of-Charge of a Li-Ion Cell: The Case of a LiFePO4 (ANR26650). Energies. 2019; 12 (4):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Pizarro-Carmona; Marcelo Cortés-Carmona; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Williams Calderón-Muñoz; Marcos E. Orchard; Pablo A. Estévez. 2019. "An Optimized Impedance Model for the Estimation of the State-of-Charge of a Li-Ion Cell: The Case of a LiFePO4 (ANR26650)." Energies 12, no. 4: 681.
The fast construction times of projects based on variable generation technologies (VGTs) such as photovoltaic and wind generation, together with growing difficulties for building new transmission lines due to socio-environmental requirements, have opened new challenges in the development of sustainable power systems. Due to the complexity of the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) problem, current models are usually oversimplified and do not always meet the requirements needed for the practical application. Examples of these simplifications are the use of reduced network equivalents, limiting the planning horizon to one or a few years and limiting the expansion options to adding new lines in given corridors. To meet the new challenges and achieve a time-effective increase of the transmission capacity for the integration of VGTs, improved models and algorithms capable of taking into account a higher degree of detail in the TNEP problem are needed. In this article, a novel meta-heuristic multi-year TNEP model based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is presented. One of the main characteristics of the model is that it enables us to consider simultaneously further expansion options such as line reconductoring, voltage uprating, and adding series compensation to lines. We tested the proposed ACO model with the Garver’s 6-bus test system and a modified version of the IEEE 118-bus test system, assuming a significant incorporation of VGTs. The results obtained for a 15-year planning task show (i) an excellent performance of the model in terms of quality of the obtained solution and computational times, compared to the traditional MILP approach, and (ii) including line uprating options within the multi-year TNEP brings significant benefits such as reducing the total investment and congestion costs of the system as well as the number of lines to be built.
R. Alvarez; C. Rahmann; R. Palma-Behnke; P.A. Estévez. A novel meta-heuristic model for the multi-year transmission network expansion planning. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2018, 107, 523 -537.
AMA StyleR. Alvarez, C. Rahmann, R. Palma-Behnke, P.A. Estévez. A novel meta-heuristic model for the multi-year transmission network expansion planning. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2018; 107 ():523-537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Alvarez; C. Rahmann; R. Palma-Behnke; P.A. Estévez. 2018. "A novel meta-heuristic model for the multi-year transmission network expansion planning." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 107, no. : 523-537.
Energy storage systems can cost-effectively balance fluctuations from renewable generation. Also, hydropower dams can provide flexibility, but often cause massive fluctuations in flow releases (hydropeaking), deteriorating the ecology of the downstream rivers. Expanding transmission infrastructure is another flexibility source but is frequently plagued by social opposition and delays. As the decision-making process transcends costs, we developed a multi-objective framework to design a fully renewable power system, such that the tradeoffs between total costs, hydropeaking, and new transmission projects can be assessed from a multi-stakeholder perspective. We planned the Chilean power system for the year 2050 and, based on the obtained trade-off curves (Pareto), we identified the following implications for the different stakeholders. Avoiding new transmission generates little costs (avoiding 30%/100% of transmission costs < 1%/ > 3%), which is positive for planners but negative for transmission companies. Severe hydropeaking can be mitigated for about 1% of additional costs if transmission is deployed. Avoiding both hydropeaking and transmission is the most extreme scenario, costing 11%. The less the transmission and hydropeaking, the more solar and storage technologies are installed. Cheap solar and storage systems enable policymakers to cost-effectively limit hydropeaking and new transmission, which makes the system greener and more socially acceptable.
J. Haas; Wolfgang Nowak; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Multi-objective planning of energy storage technologies for a fully renewable system: Implications for the main stakeholders in Chile. Energy Policy 2018, 126, 494 -506.
AMA StyleJ. Haas, Wolfgang Nowak, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Multi-objective planning of energy storage technologies for a fully renewable system: Implications for the main stakeholders in Chile. Energy Policy. 2018; 126 ():494-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Haas; Wolfgang Nowak; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2018. "Multi-objective planning of energy storage technologies for a fully renewable system: Implications for the main stakeholders in Chile." Energy Policy 126, no. : 494-506.
Energy storage systems (ESS) are a structural solution for the integration of renewable energy systems. To plan the optimal combination of ESS, storage expansion planning approaches are commonly used. They tend to focus on balancing the energy fluctuations from renewable technologies but are usually blind to the need for specific additional services required for dealing with forecast errors. Hence, they underestimate the real operating costs of the future power system and lead to suboptimal investment recommendations. In response, we propose a multi-service storage expansion approach. A linear programming optimization is developed, LEELO, to find the optimal investments in a 100% renewable system (based on solar photovoltaic and wind power) deciding on renewable generators and storage systems. In our formulation, we explicitly model the provisioning of power reserves and energy autonomy as additional services. A case study applies our model to Chile considering four regions and the (existing) hydropower park, for a complete year with an hourly resolution. We systematically assess how our novel multi-service planning differs from conventional energy-based planning in terms of total costs, operation, and investment decisions (with a focus on ESS). Considering power reserves and energy autonomy reveals on average 20% higher costs that otherwise would not be captured in the expansion planning process. Regarding operation, ESS show only slight differences in the two planning models. All ESS participate in the provision of energy. As might be expected, batteries are the main provider of (short-term) power reserves, assisted by pumped-hydro, whereas hydrogen storage is responsible for providing (long-term) energy autonomy. However, the storage investment decisions differ significantly between both models. In our multi-service model, the attained power capacities and energy capacities are up to 1.6 and 3.2 times larger, respectively than in conventional planning. The resulting storage mix changes even more strongly: a general shift towards hydrogen systems is observed. Mainly batteries are substituted, while pumped-hydro capacities stay relatively constant. The trend of the above results is consistent for various scenarios of wind and photovoltaic generation and for sensitivities of service parameters. Our findings underline the importance of modeling multi-services in the planning of renewable-based power systems.
J. Haas; F. Cebulla; Wolfgang Nowak; C. Rahmann; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. A multi-service approach for planning the optimal mix of energy storage technologies in a fully-renewable power supply. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 178, 355 -368.
AMA StyleJ. Haas, F. Cebulla, Wolfgang Nowak, C. Rahmann, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. A multi-service approach for planning the optimal mix of energy storage technologies in a fully-renewable power supply. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 178 ():355-368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Haas; F. Cebulla; Wolfgang Nowak; C. Rahmann; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2018. "A multi-service approach for planning the optimal mix of energy storage technologies in a fully-renewable power supply." Energy Conversion and Management 178, no. : 355-368.
The Energy Center has developed a co-construction methodology to address the challenges of technology transfer-based on distributed generation projects- in the context of energy transitions in isolated locations. Based on the experiences developed between 2010 and 2017, this paper analyses the process of preparing the Co-construction methodology. New tools were identified under the light of a theoretical-methodological reflection and a new version of co-construction methodology is proposed from this discussion. This learning process combines academic research and applied projects. It has provided Energy Center with an improved set of tools for current projects, and also contributed to a theoretical-methodological discussion based on new research activities. The main problems of method faced are presented during interdisciplinary work, such as: common understanding of fundamental concepts (sustainability, participation, community); the domination of one discipline over the others; the different visions of the priorities within the same project. And those problems given by the participation process under the paradox of “framing-overflowing”, where the constraints of actual projects (deadlines, budget, and specific KPIs) could limit the possibility of performing in depth diagnostics and building trust. One of the main challenges identified is that an actual impact on the overall experience is only feasible if lessons can be translated into concrete products (best practices, guidelines, tools), so can be adopted by future project developers.
Marcia Montedonico; Francisca Herrera-Neira; Andrés Marconi; Anahí Urquiza; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Co-construction of energy solutions: Lessons learned from experiences in Chile. Energy Research & Social Science 2018, 45, 173 -183.
AMA StyleMarcia Montedonico, Francisca Herrera-Neira, Andrés Marconi, Anahí Urquiza, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Co-construction of energy solutions: Lessons learned from experiences in Chile. Energy Research & Social Science. 2018; 45 ():173-183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcia Montedonico; Francisca Herrera-Neira; Andrés Marconi; Anahí Urquiza; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2018. "Co-construction of energy solutions: Lessons learned from experiences in Chile." Energy Research & Social Science 45, no. : 173-183.
Current Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) models are usually strongly simplified in order to achieve optimal solutions within reasonable execution times and computational resources. Examples of these simplifications are the use of reduced network equivalents and the consideration of only a few years within the planning horizon. Due to these simplifications, current TNEP models do not always meet the requirements needed for practical applications. This is particularly true in case of power systems with increased use of renewable energies in which case the levels of variability and uncertainty require a better representation of the system. To meet these new challenges and achieve a time-effective increase of the transmission capacity for the integration of renewable energies, models that consider more accurate representations of power systems are needed. These models must also be able to handle realistic-size power systems in order to serve as supporting tool for real planning processes. In this article, a novel heuristic model based on Ant Colony Optimization for the multi-year TNEP is presented. The characteristics of ACO algorithms make the proposed model especially suitable for considering several expansion options, larger planning horizons, and several load-generation profiles. For validating the model, 25 years plans were calculated in the Garver's 6-bus system and in the IEEE 118-bus system. In both cases, several independent simulations were executed and the results were compared with the ones obtained using a traditional MILP approach. The results showed that all runs found the optimal solution within reasonable computation times, which enables us to validate our model.
R. Alvarez; C. Rahmann; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Pablo Estevez; Felipe Valencia. Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the Multiyear Transmission Network Expansion Planning. 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2018, 1 -8.
AMA StyleR. Alvarez, C. Rahmann, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Pablo Estevez, Felipe Valencia. Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the Multiyear Transmission Network Expansion Planning. 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). 2018; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Alvarez; C. Rahmann; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Pablo Estevez; Felipe Valencia. 2018. "Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the Multiyear Transmission Network Expansion Planning." 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) , no. : 1-8.
This paper proposes a set of indicators to quantify the impact of conventional thermal generating unit cycling on its non-fuel variable costs (NFVC) due to generation mix changes in the system. A novel iterative cost adjustment framework is developed to evaluate the proposed indicators in order to assess the impacts of increasing installation of renewable resources on operation costs of the thermal units. The proposed framework allows private investors to estimate NFVC using a minimum level of information without a full knowledge of the system parameters. Additionally, the proposed framework is kept generic, which supports the NFVC adjustment for the conventional thermal units in a changing market environment. The impact of accelerated solar photovoltaic penetration on cycling and operational costs of existing thermal power plants in the Chilean power system is assessed using the indicators and methodology developed. The results suggest that natural gas driven peaking power plants are more susceptible to experiencing increased NFVC from solar photovoltaic growth than coal fired base load power plants.
Vincenzo Bassi; Eduardo Pereira-Bonvallet; Abu Abdullah; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Cycling Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Generation in the Costs of Conventional Generators. Energies 2018, 11, 1640 .
AMA StyleVincenzo Bassi, Eduardo Pereira-Bonvallet, Abu Abdullah, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Cycling Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Generation in the Costs of Conventional Generators. Energies. 2018; 11 (7):1640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Bassi; Eduardo Pereira-Bonvallet; Abu Abdullah; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2018. "Cycling Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Generation in the Costs of Conventional Generators." Energies 11, no. 7: 1640.
The development of a proper protection system is essential for the secure and reliable operation of microgrids. In this paper, a novel adaptive protection system for microgrids is presented. The protection scheme is based on a protective device that includes two directional elements which are operating in an interleaved manner, namely overcurrent and undervoltage elements. The proposed protection scheme can be implemented in microprocessor-based relays. To define the settings of the protective device, a robust programming approach was proposed considering a finite set of fault scenarios. The scenarios are generated based on the predictions about the available energy and the demand. For each decision step, a robust optimization problem is solved online, which is based on forecasting with a confidence band to represent the uncertainty. The system is tested and compared using real data sets from an existing microgrid in northern Chile. To assess the performance of the proposed protection system, fault scenarios not considered in the optimization were taken into account. The results obtained show that the proposed protective device is able to manage those failure scenarios, as well as those included in the tuning of the settings. Practical considerations are also discussed.
Oscar Nunez-Mata; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia; Patricio Mendoza-Araya; Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. Adaptive Protection System for Microgrids Based on a Robust Optimization Strategy. Energies 2018, 11, 308 .
AMA StyleOscar Nunez-Mata, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Felipe Valencia, Patricio Mendoza-Araya, Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. Adaptive Protection System for Microgrids Based on a Robust Optimization Strategy. Energies. 2018; 11 (2):308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOscar Nunez-Mata; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia; Patricio Mendoza-Araya; Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. 2018. "Adaptive Protection System for Microgrids Based on a Robust Optimization Strategy." Energies 11, no. 2: 308.
Jannik Haas; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia; Paz Araya; Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán; Thomas Telsnig; Ludger Eltrop; Manuel Díaz; Sebastián Püschel; Matthias Grandel; Roberto Román; Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. Sunset or sunrise? Understanding the barriers and options for the massive deployment of solar technologies in Chile. Energy Policy 2018, 112, 399 -414.
AMA StyleJannik Haas, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Felipe Valencia, Paz Araya, Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán, Thomas Telsnig, Ludger Eltrop, Manuel Díaz, Sebastián Püschel, Matthias Grandel, Roberto Román, Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. Sunset or sunrise? Understanding the barriers and options for the massive deployment of solar technologies in Chile. Energy Policy. 2018; 112 ():399-414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJannik Haas; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Felipe Valencia; Paz Araya; Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán; Thomas Telsnig; Ludger Eltrop; Manuel Díaz; Sebastián Püschel; Matthias Grandel; Roberto Román; Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez. 2018. "Sunset or sunrise? Understanding the barriers and options for the massive deployment of solar technologies in Chile." Energy Policy 112, no. : 399-414.
G. Pamparana; W. Kracht; J. Haas; G. Díaz-Ferrán; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; R. Román. Integrating photovoltaic solar energy and a battery energy storage system to operate a semi-autogenous grinding mill. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 165, 273 -280.
AMA StyleG. Pamparana, W. Kracht, J. Haas, G. Díaz-Ferrán, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, R. Román. Integrating photovoltaic solar energy and a battery energy storage system to operate a semi-autogenous grinding mill. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 165 ():273-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Pamparana; W. Kracht; J. Haas; G. Díaz-Ferrán; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; R. Román. 2017. "Integrating photovoltaic solar energy and a battery energy storage system to operate a semi-autogenous grinding mill." Journal of Cleaner Production 165, no. : 273-280.
Simón Moreno-Leiva; Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán; Jannik Haas; Thomas Telsnig; Felipe A. Díaz-Alvarado; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Willy Kracht; Roberto Román; Dimitrij Chudinzow; Ludger Eltrop. Towards solar power supply for copper production in Chile: Assessment of global warming potential using a life-cycle approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 164, 242 -249.
AMA StyleSimón Moreno-Leiva, Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán, Jannik Haas, Thomas Telsnig, Felipe A. Díaz-Alvarado, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Willy Kracht, Roberto Román, Dimitrij Chudinzow, Ludger Eltrop. Towards solar power supply for copper production in Chile: Assessment of global warming potential using a life-cycle approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 164 ():242-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimón Moreno-Leiva; Gustavo Díaz-Ferrán; Jannik Haas; Thomas Telsnig; Felipe A. Díaz-Alvarado; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Willy Kracht; Roberto Román; Dimitrij Chudinzow; Ludger Eltrop. 2017. "Towards solar power supply for copper production in Chile: Assessment of global warming potential using a life-cycle approach." Journal of Cleaner Production 164, no. : 242-249.
One of the most noticeable effects on the loss of performance and capacity of thermal systems is caused by the effect of altitude, which causes the density of a compressible fluid and the atmospheric pressure to be considerably reduced, leading to a reduction of power to electrical and thermal systems. In view of this, lithium-ion battery packs that have forced cooling through a compressible fluid are directly affected by environmental conditions, resulting in the loss of cooling capacity of the system, which affects the performance of the package when it works at large altitude. The objective of this research is to quantify the impact of altitude on sea level in the design of a pack of lithium ion batteries with forced cooling.
Marcelo Cortes-Carmona; Abdiel Mallco; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Williams Calderon-Munoz; Jorge Reyes-Marambio. Altitude effect in the design of a lithium-ion battery packing system. 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON) 2017, 1 -7.
AMA StyleMarcelo Cortes-Carmona, Abdiel Mallco, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Williams Calderon-Munoz, Jorge Reyes-Marambio. Altitude effect in the design of a lithium-ion battery packing system. 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON). 2017; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo Cortes-Carmona; Abdiel Mallco; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Williams Calderon-Munoz; Jorge Reyes-Marambio. 2017. "Altitude effect in the design of a lithium-ion battery packing system." 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON) , no. : 1-7.
The task of electrifying isolated zones involves several requirements that must be attended. One option to fulfil this task is by using isolated microgrids to energize zones typically disconnected from the main grid. The high penetration of variable energy resources and their corresponding power-electronics-based interfaces make the operating conditions of isolated microgrids considerably different than the operating conditions of large-scale power systems. Consequently, one of the most important challenges of microgrids is the design of the protection system, i.e., the traditional protection schemes should be rethought to respond adequately to safety requirements of isolated microgrids. In this paper a novel methodology for the protection of photovoltaic-based isolated microgrids is presented. This scheme responds to changes in the operation conditions, adjusting the protection devices settings to deal with fault events and maintain a safe operation. This proposal is tested through an experimental setup and simulations, showing better results than the other protection schemes.
O. Nunez-Mata; R. Palma-Behnke; F. Valencia; P. Mendoza-Araya; J. Cotos. Integrated protection and monitoring system for safe operation of photovoltaic-based isolated microgrids. 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting 2017, 1 -5.
AMA StyleO. Nunez-Mata, R. Palma-Behnke, F. Valencia, P. Mendoza-Araya, J. Cotos. Integrated protection and monitoring system for safe operation of photovoltaic-based isolated microgrids. 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. 2017; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. Nunez-Mata; R. Palma-Behnke; F. Valencia; P. Mendoza-Araya; J. Cotos. 2017. "Integrated protection and monitoring system for safe operation of photovoltaic-based isolated microgrids." 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting , no. : 1-5.
Expansion planning models are often used to support investment decisions in the power sector. Towards the massive insertion of renewable energy sources, expansion planning of energy storage systems (SEP – Storage Expansion Planning) is becoming more popular. However, to date, there is no clear overview of the available SEP models in the literature. To shed light on the existing approaches, this review paper presents a broad classification of SEP, which is used to analyze a database of about 90 publications to identify trends and challenges. The trends we found are that while SEP was born more than four decades ago, only in the last five years increasing research efforts were put into the topic. The planning has evolved from adequacy criteria to broader targets, such as direct costs, mitigation of CO2 emissions, and renewable integration. The modeling of the network, power system, energy storage systems (ESS), and time resolution are becoming more detailed. Uncertainty is often considered and the solution methods are still very diverse. As outstanding challenges, we found that (1) the large diversity of ESS, in contrast to conventional generation technologies, and (2) the complex lifetime and efficiency functions need to be addressed in the models. (3) Only a high temporal and spatial resolution will allow for dimensioning the challenge of integrating renewables and the role of ESS. (4) Although the value of ESS lies beyond shifting energy in time, current SEP is mostly blind to other system services. (5) Today, many flexibility options are available, but they are often assessed separately. In the same line, although cross-sectorial (power, heat, transport, water) SEP is becoming more frequent, there are many open tasks towards an integrated coordination. The planning of future energy systems will be multi-sectorial and multi-objective, consider the multi-services of ESS, and will inherently require interdisciplinary efforts.
J. Haas; F. Cebulla; K. Cao; Wolfgang Nowak; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; C. Rahmann; Pierluigi Mancarella. Challenges and trends of energy storage expansion planning for flexibility provision in low-carbon power systems – a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 80, 603 -619.
AMA StyleJ. Haas, F. Cebulla, K. Cao, Wolfgang Nowak, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, C. Rahmann, Pierluigi Mancarella. Challenges and trends of energy storage expansion planning for flexibility provision in low-carbon power systems – a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 80 ():603-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Haas; F. Cebulla; K. Cao; Wolfgang Nowak; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; C. Rahmann; Pierluigi Mancarella. 2017. "Challenges and trends of energy storage expansion planning for flexibility provision in low-carbon power systems – a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80, no. : 603-619.
Increasing power system resilience at the distribution level is crucial due to the negative social impact of blackouts, as the undesired consequences get worse the longer the system restoration takes. Statistical records demonstrate that system recovery times after high-impact, low-probability events (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods) are often faster for generation and transmission segments than for the distribution system. During the 2010 Chilean earthquake (8.8 Mw on the Richter scale), for example, the distribution system in the most affected area (almost 1.1 million customers) was not totally back in service until two weeks after the first major seismic event. In contrast, the transmission system rapidly recovered, with most of the bulk system buses re-energized by the end of the first day and the remainder during the second day. Additional installed generation capacity and repairing minor damage to most of the affected generation plants allowed for the recovery of most of the supply within a few days. Only 6.1% of the installed generation capacity required major repairs (which took up to six months to complete).
Guillermo Jimenez-Estevez; Alejandro Navarro-Espinosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Luigi Lanuzza; Nicolas Velazquez-Limon. Achieving Resilience at Distribution Level: Learning from Isolated Community Microgrids. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2017, 15, 64 -73.
AMA StyleGuillermo Jimenez-Estevez, Alejandro Navarro-Espinosa, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Luigi Lanuzza, Nicolas Velazquez-Limon. Achieving Resilience at Distribution Level: Learning from Isolated Community Microgrids. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine. 2017; 15 (3):64-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Jimenez-Estevez; Alejandro Navarro-Espinosa; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke; Luigi Lanuzza; Nicolas Velazquez-Limon. 2017. "Achieving Resilience at Distribution Level: Learning from Isolated Community Microgrids." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 15, no. 3: 64-73.
The arid northern regions of Chile are characterized by an intensive mineral mining industry and high solar irradiance levels. Besides Chile’s main mining products, copper, molybdenum and iron, the production of lithium carbonate from lithium containing brines has become strategically important due to the rising demand for battery technologies worldwide. Its energy-intensive production may affect the ecological footprint of the product and the country’s climate targets. Thus, the use of solar technologies for electricity and heat production might constitute an interesting option for CO2 mitigation. This study aims to quantify the impacts of the lithium carbonate production processes in Chile on climate change, and to identify site-specific integration options of solar energy technologies to reduce GHG life-cycle emissions. The considered solar integration options include a parabolic trough power plant with a molten salt storage, a solar tower power plant with molten salt receiver and molten salt storage, a one-axis tracking photovoltaic energy system for electricity, and two solar thermal power plants with Ruths storage (steam accumulator) for thermal heat production. CSP plants were identified as measures with the highest GHG mitigation potential reducing the CO2 emissions for the entire production chain and the lithium production between 16% and 33%. In a scenario that combines solar technologies for electricity and thermal energy generation, up to 59% of the CO2 emissions at the lithium production sites in Chile can be avoided. A comparison of the GHG abatement costs of the proposed solar integration options indicates that the photovoltaic system, the solar thermal plant with limited storage and the solar tower power plant are the most cost effective options.
Thomas Telsnig; Christian Potz; Jannik Haas; Ludger Eltrop; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Opportunities to integrate solar technologies into the Chilean lithium mining industry – reducing process related GHG emissions of a strategic storage resource. AIP Conference Proceedings 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleThomas Telsnig, Christian Potz, Jannik Haas, Ludger Eltrop, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. Opportunities to integrate solar technologies into the Chilean lithium mining industry – reducing process related GHG emissions of a strategic storage resource. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Telsnig; Christian Potz; Jannik Haas; Ludger Eltrop; Rodrigo Palma-Behnke. 2017. "Opportunities to integrate solar technologies into the Chilean lithium mining industry – reducing process related GHG emissions of a strategic storage resource." AIP Conference Proceedings , no. : 1.