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Coastal Louisiana has the nation's most fragile and valuable wetlands, whose loss represents 80% of the total losses in the United States. The severely restricted mobility of conventional shoreline protection structures makes them impossible to be redeployed. The Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system is a novel technology of high mobility and compatible with existing shoreline protection technologies. Previous laboratory studies on WSSC showed great potential for wave reduction and sediment accumulation. The current study aimed to optimize the design parameters of WSSC using a validated computational model. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated using experimental data from the previous laboratory study. Then, a parametric analysis was conducted with a focus on the performance optimization of wave reduction and sediment collection with respect to pipe diameter and face slope. Simulation results showed that the wave reduction efficiency decreased with increasing pipe diameter and face slope. In contrast, the sediment transport was enhanced by increasing pipe diameter but was not affected significantly by varying face slopes.
Salman Sakib; Grant Besse; Peng Yin; Daniel Gang; Donald Hayes. Sediment transport simulation and design optimization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. International Journal of Sediment Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSalman Sakib, Grant Besse, Peng Yin, Daniel Gang, Donald Hayes. Sediment transport simulation and design optimization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. International Journal of Sediment Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalman Sakib; Grant Besse; Peng Yin; Daniel Gang; Donald Hayes. 2021. "Sediment transport simulation and design optimization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling." International Journal of Sediment Research , no. : 1.
The purpose of this paper is to develop design guidelines for flood control channel height in the vicinity of the confluence of a submerged drainage pipe and a flood control channel. The water exchange in the confluence of an open channel with a lateral drainage pipe produces unique hydraulic characteristics, ultimately affecting the water surface elevation in the channel. An accurate prediction of the water surface elevation is essential in the successful design of a high-velocity channel. By performing several experiments, and utilizing a numerical model (FLOW-3D), this study investigated the impact of submerged lateral drainage pipe discharges into rectangular open channels on flow topology in the confluence hydrodynamics zone (CHZ). The experiments were conducted in different flume and junction configurations and flow conditions. Moreover, the simulations were performed on actual size channels with different channel, pipe, and junction configurations and flow conditions. The flow topology in the CHZ was found to be highly influenced by the junction angle, as well as the momentum ratios of the channel flow and the pipe flow. The findings of this study were used to develop conservative design curves for channel confluences with lateral drainage pipe inlets. The curves can be used to estimate water surface elevation rise in different channel and pipe configurations with different flow conditions to determine the channel wall heights required to contain flows in the vicinity of laterals.
Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian; Moses Karakouzian; Donald Hayes. Flow Topology in the Confluence of an Open Channel with Lateral Drainage Pipe. Hydrology 2020, 7, 57 .
AMA StyleMohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Moses Karakouzian, Donald Hayes. Flow Topology in the Confluence of an Open Channel with Lateral Drainage Pipe. Hydrology. 2020; 7 (3):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Nazari-Sharabian; Moses Karakouzian; Donald Hayes. 2020. "Flow Topology in the Confluence of an Open Channel with Lateral Drainage Pipe." Hydrology 7, no. 3: 57.
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to water quality and environmental aspects related to sediment transport driven by both ambient forcing and human activities
Marcello Di Risio; Donald F. Hayes; Davide Pasquali. Marine Sediments: Processes, Transport and Environmental Aspects. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 243 .
AMA StyleMarcello Di Risio, Donald F. Hayes, Davide Pasquali. Marine Sediments: Processes, Transport and Environmental Aspects. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (4):243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcello Di Risio; Donald F. Hayes; Davide Pasquali. 2020. "Marine Sediments: Processes, Transport and Environmental Aspects." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4: 243.
This study proposes a novel framework to accurately estimate water quality profiles in deep lakes based on parameters measured at the water surface, considering Boulder Basin of Lake Mead as a case study. Hourly-measured meteorological data were used to compute heat exchange between lake and atmosphere. Heat fluxes combined with every 6-hour measured water temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles, from the water surface to a depth of 100 m over a 48-month period, were used to train seven different artificial neural network-based methods for estimating water quality profiles. Effects of different factors influencing lake water quality, including lake-atmosphere interactions, wind-induced mixing, thermocline depth, winter turnover, oxygen depletion and other factors were investigated in different methods. A method employing stationary wavelet transform with a depth-progressive estimation of temperature, conductivity, and DO generated the smallest average relative errors of 0.52%, 0.22%, and 0.62%, respectively in the water column over a 48-month period. Abrupt changes in temperature, conductivity, and DO profiles due to thermal stratification, winter turnover, and oxygen hypoxia increased estimation errors. The largest errors occurred near the interface between the epilimnion and metalimnion, where vertical mixing intensity significantly decreased.
Ali Saber; David E. James; Donald F. Hayes. Estimation of water quality profiles in deep lakes based on easily measurable constituents at the water surface using artificial neural networks coupled with stationary wavelet transform. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 694, 133690 .
AMA StyleAli Saber, David E. James, Donald F. Hayes. Estimation of water quality profiles in deep lakes based on easily measurable constituents at the water surface using artificial neural networks coupled with stationary wavelet transform. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 694 ():133690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Saber; David E. James; Donald F. Hayes. 2019. "Estimation of water quality profiles in deep lakes based on easily measurable constituents at the water surface using artificial neural networks coupled with stationary wavelet transform." Science of The Total Environment 694, no. : 133690.
Bridge deck splashing causes deterioration to a bridge’s structure and renders the bridge unsafe for motorists and pedestrians. The traditional countermeasure for bridge deck splashing has been pier extension. Pier extensions move the pier wave and the associated splash away from the bridge deck, but retrofitting existing bridges with pier extensions is costly. This research evaluates the use of a bulbous added to the pier as an alternative to pier extension. A bulb placed on the upstream side of a bridge pier affects the splashing. The energy in the passing water is redirected from the impact by streamlining the flow. This study proposes a mathematical model for bulbous pier design, based on a model used for a mono-hull ship. Under the mono-hull model, the bulb length extends, reaching the region where viscous resistance is dominant. Unlike wave-making resistance, which is achieved through modeling, the proposed model does not require modeling to calculate pier wave reduction.
Moses Karakouzian; Amilcar Chavez; Donald Hayes; Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian; Nazari- Sharabian. Bulbous Pier: An Alternative to Bridge Pier Extensions as a Countermeasure against Bridge Deck Splashing. Fluids 2019, 4, 140 .
AMA StyleMoses Karakouzian, Amilcar Chavez, Donald Hayes, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Nazari- Sharabian. Bulbous Pier: An Alternative to Bridge Pier Extensions as a Countermeasure against Bridge Deck Splashing. Fluids. 2019; 4 (3):140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoses Karakouzian; Amilcar Chavez; Donald Hayes; Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian; Nazari- Sharabian. 2019. "Bulbous Pier: An Alternative to Bridge Pier Extensions as a Countermeasure against Bridge Deck Splashing." Fluids 4, no. 3: 140.
Accurate vertical diffusivity estimates at different stratification conditions are essential to correctly model vertical mixing of discharges into lakes. This study presents calculated variations in vertical mixing at different depths in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, a deep reservoir over a four-year period using hourly weather data and 6-hourly measured temperature, conductivity, and DO profiles. Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and mixing intensities within Boulder Basin, calculated based on surface heat flux and wind speed were compared to water column stability and diffusivity over the study period. Analysis of surface heat fluxes showed that evaporation and longwave radiation were the main heat loss mechanisms in summer and winter, respectively. The lake showed strong summer stratification with stability numbers N2 > 10−4 s−2, followed by increased water column instability during fall and eventually winter overturn, resulting in gradient Richardson numbers < 0.25 in the water column's top 50 m. The average calculated Wedderburn number was 45 during summer stratification, indicating that local winds were not sufficiently strong to generate upwelling. Burger numbers (S <1) show that the Coriolis force significantly affects vertical mixing in Boulder Basin over the entire annual cycle. Diffusivities seasonally varied by 1 to 1.5 orders of magnitude (typically 5 × 10−5 to 10−3 m2 s−1) in the upper water column, and typically varied by about 1.5 orders of magnitude (typically 3 × 10−6 to 10−4 m2 s−1) in the deeper layers. Increases in winter diffusivities caused deep water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations to increase from 6.0 to 8.5 mg L−1. Analysis of DO profiles and chloride and sulfate concentrations in the epilimnion and deep hypolimnion showed marked differences between epilimnetic and hypolimnetic concentrations during stratification. Similar epilimnetic and hypolimnetic concentrations during January and February confirm increased vertical mixing during these months. Use of hourly-based computed TKEs, and water column vertical diffusivity estimates in stratified and unstratified conditions over the entire annual cycle can help modelers to more accurately predict vertical mixing in large lakes.
Ali Saber; David E. James; Donald F. Hayes. Effects of seasonal fluctuations of surface heat flux and wind stress on mixing and vertical diffusivity of water column in deep lakes. Advances in Water Resources 2018, 119, 150 -163.
AMA StyleAli Saber, David E. James, Donald F. Hayes. Effects of seasonal fluctuations of surface heat flux and wind stress on mixing and vertical diffusivity of water column in deep lakes. Advances in Water Resources. 2018; 119 ():150-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Saber; David E. James; Donald F. Hayes. 2018. "Effects of seasonal fluctuations of surface heat flux and wind stress on mixing and vertical diffusivity of water column in deep lakes." Advances in Water Resources 119, no. : 150-163.
Erosion along shorelines is a major cause in the conversion of shoreline wetlands to open water bodies. Conventional shoreline protection structures are expensive to construct and may impede environmental exchanges essential for connectivity and functionality. A novel marsh shoreline protection technology, the Wave Suppressor and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system, addresses these issues. Laboratory studies were conducted on three WSSC units to determine the governing parameters of sediment collection efficiency of this technology. The three units had varying open areas and pipe sizes which enabled those parameters to be directly compared. Two types of sands with median particle diameters (d50) of 0.43 and 0.34 mm were used to evaluate the effects of particle size on the collection efficiency of the units. A new mathematical model was developed to predict the sediment collection efficiency using Van Rijn’s equation for particle fall velocity, and Ribberink and Al-Salem’s equation for sand concentration distribution in a water column. Results showed that the Unit 1, Unit 2 and Unit 3 are capable of collecting sand at 0.30, 0.21 and 0.21 (kg/h) for sand 1, and at 0.39, 0.29, 0.39 (kg/h) for sand 2 respectively. The mathematical model fit the experimental data well and from the model, mass accumulation coefficient (α) alpha was calculated. Mass accumulation coefficients (α) for sand 1 and sand 2 were- 0.94 and 0.97 for Unit 1, 0.63 and 0.70 for Unit 2 and 0.32 and 0.22 for Unit 3 respectively. A sensitivity study of the mathematical model was also performed to determine the governing factors behind the sand collection. The sensitivity study found that water depth, wave height and particle diameter affected the sand collection efficiency the most. The amount of open area on the units, frequency and wavelength were also found to have some effect on collection efficiency.
Salman Sakib; Daniel Gang; Grant Besse; Bao-Bao Tang; Nicholas McCoy; Donald Hayes. Laboratory study and mathematical modeling of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology for sand collection. Applied Ocean Research 2018, 76, 22 -33.
AMA StyleSalman Sakib, Daniel Gang, Grant Besse, Bao-Bao Tang, Nicholas McCoy, Donald Hayes. Laboratory study and mathematical modeling of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology for sand collection. Applied Ocean Research. 2018; 76 ():22-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalman Sakib; Daniel Gang; Grant Besse; Bao-Bao Tang; Nicholas McCoy; Donald Hayes. 2018. "Laboratory study and mathematical modeling of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology for sand collection." Applied Ocean Research 76, no. : 22-33.
Minimizing coastal wetland loss is a high priority in coastal areas worldwide. Typical shoreline protection consists of hard structures placed near areas affected by wave action. These commonly used protection methods are costly, and may have negative impacts on the surrounding areas. The Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system, made of multiple Wave Robber® units, is an alternative shoreline protection structure. The primary goal of this study is to determine the performance characteristics of the technology in terms of energy coefficients. Experiments were performed on three scaled units within a laboratory wave tank. Performance characterization showed that the units have wave energy reflections of 0.47–0.83, transmission ranging from 0.10 to 0.42, and wave energy dissipation between 0.49 and 0.88, depending upon unit geometry and wave conditions. Performance data were also compared to other studies on shoreline protection structures. WSSC units reflect more wave energy and transmit less energy compared to other breakwater systems. These units could be utilized in coastal marshes with a large fetch, to reduce wave-induced erosion.
Grant Besse; Salman Sakib; Daniel Gang; Donald Hayes. Performance characterization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology: The Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system. Ocean Engineering 2018, 154, 216 -225.
AMA StyleGrant Besse, Salman Sakib, Daniel Gang, Donald Hayes. Performance characterization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology: The Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system. Ocean Engineering. 2018; 154 ():216-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrant Besse; Salman Sakib; Daniel Gang; Donald Hayes. 2018. "Performance characterization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology: The Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection (WSSC) system." Ocean Engineering 154, no. : 216-225.