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Miryam Astudillo
Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

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Review article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Current Microbiology
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Tuberculosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite decades of efforts to eradicate the disease. Although the immune response controls the infection in most infected individuals (90%), the ability of the bacterium to persist throughout the host’s life leads to a risk of reactivation. Underlying conditions including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, organ transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapies are considered risk factors for progression to active disease. However, many individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may develop clinical disease in the absence of underlying immunosuppression. It is also possible that unknown conditions may drive the progression to disease. The human microbiota can be an important modulator of the immune system; it can not only trigger inflammatory disorders, but also drive the response to other infectious diseases. In developing countries, chronic mucosal infections with Helicobacter pylori and helminths may be particularly important, as these infections frequently coexist throughout the host’s life. However, little is known about the interactions of these pathogens with the immune system and their effects on M. tuberculosis clinical disease, if any. In this review, we discuss the potential effects of H. pylori and helminth co-infections on the immune response to M. tuberculosis. This may contribute to our understanding of host–pathogen interactions and in designing new strategies for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

ACS Style

Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández; María Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz. Effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminth Coinfection on the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current Microbiology 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo, Miryam Astudillo-Hernández, María Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz. Effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminth Coinfection on the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current Microbiology. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández; María Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz. 2021. "Effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminth Coinfection on the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Current Microbiology , no. : 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2020 in Coatings
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Metakaolin-based geopolymer cements were produced by alkaline activation with a potassium hydroxide and potassium silicate solution. To produce the geopolymer composites, 10 wt.% titanium oxide (TiO2) and 5 wt.% copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were used. The geopolymer mortar was prepared using glass waste as fine aggregate. The raw materials and materials produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Likewise, the geopolymer samples were characterized to determine their physical properties, including their density, porosity, and absorption. The photocatalytic activity of the materials was evaluated by activating the nanoparticles in a chamber with UV–Vis light during 24 h; then, different tests were performed to determine the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in nutrient agar for times of up to 24 h. The study results showed that a geopolymer mortar containing glass waste as fine aggregate (GP-G) exhibited a water absorption 56.73% lower than that of the reference geopolymer paste without glass (GP). Likewise, glass particles allowed the material to have a smoother and more homogeneous surface. The pore volume and density of the GP-G were 37.97% lower and 40.36% higher, respectively, than those of the GP. The study with bacteria showed that, after 24 h in the culture media, the GP-G mortars exhibited a high inhibition capacity for the growth of P. aeruginosa from solutions of 10−4 mL and in solutions of 10−6 mL for E. coli and S. aureus. These results indicate the possibility of generating antibacterial surfaces by applying geopolymer composite.

ACS Style

Ruby Gutiérrez; Mónica Villaquirán-Caicedo; Sandra Ramírez-Benavides; Myriam Astudillo; Daniel Mejía. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a Geopolymer Mortar Based on Metakaolin Supplemented with TiO2 and CuO Particles Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate. Coatings 2020, 10, 157 .

AMA Style

Ruby Gutiérrez, Mónica Villaquirán-Caicedo, Sandra Ramírez-Benavides, Myriam Astudillo, Daniel Mejía. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a Geopolymer Mortar Based on Metakaolin Supplemented with TiO2 and CuO Particles Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate. Coatings. 2020; 10 (2):157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruby Gutiérrez; Mónica Villaquirán-Caicedo; Sandra Ramírez-Benavides; Myriam Astudillo; Daniel Mejía. 2020. "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a Geopolymer Mortar Based on Metakaolin Supplemented with TiO2 and CuO Particles Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate." Coatings 10, no. 2: 157.

Comparative study
Published: 01 May 2019 in Biomédica
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Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be one of the main public health problems in the world. Together with the HIV infection, it is one of the main causes of death due to infections worldwide. In 2016, 6.3 million new cases of the disease were reported. Objective: To describe the genetic patterns determined by genotyping using variable-number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR) in the study population and compare them with other studies carried out in Cali, Colombia, and the world. Materials and methods: We genotyped a total of 105 DNA samples extracted from sputum or culture isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which were obtained from pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed patients over the period 2013-2015, in Cali. We performed PCR amplification of 24 loci by MIRU-VNTR on the DNA extracted from the samples. The amplicons were visualized in agarose gel electrophoresis (2%) with SYBR Safe™ staining. Then, the alleles were designated by graphical analysis using the GelAnalyzer 2010 software. These results were analyzed using the UPGMA logarithm and compared with the registers from the MIRU-VNTR plus and SITVITWEB databases. Results: We genotyped 62 of the samples completely and we obtained 58 different MIRU-VNTR profiles. By comparing with the international databases, we determined the following distributions per lineage: LAM, 54.8%; Haarlem,25.8%; S, 14.5%; Beijing, 3.2%, and Cameroon, 1.6%. The MIRU-VNTR patterns corresponded to 17 different MITs; the most frequent were MIT 190 and MIT 110, with 22.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrated previous observations about the predominance of the LAM and Haarlem lineages in the city, and the presence of the MITs found in another city of Colombia.

ACS Style

David Felipe García; Myriam Astudillo. MIRU-VNTR genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a population of patients in Cali, Colombia, 2013-2015. Biomédica 2019, 39, 71 -85.

AMA Style

David Felipe García, Myriam Astudillo. MIRU-VNTR genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a population of patients in Cali, Colombia, 2013-2015. Biomédica. 2019; 39 ():71-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Felipe García; Myriam Astudillo. 2019. "MIRU-VNTR genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a population of patients in Cali, Colombia, 2013-2015." Biomédica 39, no. : 71-85.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Health Research
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Leptospirosis is a disease endemic to both rural and urban areas of tropical countries and resource-poor communities. Little information is available on the presence of Leptospira spp. in urban water sources. A study was conducted to detect pathogenic Leptospira in ornamental water fountains in Cali, Colombia. Twenty-seven water fountains were tested for pathogenic Leptospira using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the secY and the flaB genes. Pathogenic Leptospira was confirmed in 11 (41%) ornamental water fountains. Plazas, building exteriors, and sidewalks presented the highest proportion (67%) of pathogenic Leptospira-positive water fountains. Urban ornamental water fountains might be sources of pathogenic Leptospira and might pose a risk to humans who come into close contact, although relevance from a public health perspective is yet to be established.

ACS Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas; Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira in ornamental water fountains from urban sites in Cali, Colombia. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2018, 29, 107 -115.

AMA Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas, Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo, Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira in ornamental water fountains from urban sites in Cali, Colombia. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2018; 29 (1):107-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas; Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. 2018. "Detection of pathogenic Leptospira in ornamental water fountains from urban sites in Cali, Colombia." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 29, no. 1: 107-115.

Article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Cadernos de Saúde Pública
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Few studies have addressed Leptospira seroprevalence and risk factors in urban populations in Colombia. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in inhabitants of an urban district of Cali, Colombia. We collected sociodemographic and environmental data, as well as blood samples, from 353 subjects selected through a multistage cluster sampling design. We performed microagglutination test for the eight main Leptospira serogroups circulating in the region, considering a cut-off titer of ≥ 1:100. Most participants were female (226, 64.8%), with mean age 41.4 years, and 89 (32.6%) lived in low-low socioeconomic stratum (SES-1). Overall seroprevalence was 12.2% (95%CI: 10.3%-14.4%). Factors associated with Leptospira infection were SES 1, older age, single marital status, ethnic groups (Afro-Colombian and white/mestizo), school students, absence of toilet, barefoot walking, travel outside Cali in the previous month, and absence of skin and mucous-membrane lesions in the previous month. Our study suggests domestic and peridomiciliary transmission of Leptospira likely related to activities of daily living and inadequate environmental conditions. SES-1 is a major factor associated with Leptospira infection (adjusted OR = 4.08; 95%CI: 2.54-6.53; p < 0.001), suggesting that social and environmental conditions are key elements for endemicity of Leptospira infection in the study area. Epidemiological surveillance, improvement of environmental and sanitary conditions in various SES-1 areas, and community educational campaigns are recommended.

ACS Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas; Lyda Osorio; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 2017, 33, e00039216 .

AMA Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas, Lyda Osorio, Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2017; 33 (5):e00039216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Escandón-Vargas; Lyda Osorio; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. 2017. "Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 33, no. 5: e00039216.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2015 in Journal of Medical Entomology
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Leptospirosis cases in Colombia are typically linked to peridomestic rodents; however, empirical data suggest that Leptospira-infected patients with no apparent exposure to these reservoirs are common. Cockroaches (Periplaneta spp.) have equal or greater interaction with humans than rodents, yet their potential role as carriers of Leptospira has not been assessed. We determined if pathogenic Leptospira is harbored by Periplaneta spp. in Cali (Colombia) and the variables influencing this relationship. Fifty-nine cockroaches were captured from seven sites and DNA was extracted from the body surface and digestive tract for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, targeting genes secY and flaB. Logistic regression models and proportion tests showed a higher likelihood for Leptospira to be isolated from body surfaces (P > 0.001) and from individuals inside houses (six times more likely). These findings are the first to demonstrate an association between Periplaneta spp. and Leptospira, suggesting the need to investigate the potential for cockroaches to serve as reservoirs or transport hosts for Leptospira.

ACS Style

Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo; Javier Andres Bustamante-Rengifo; Álvaro Bonilla; Anna Joy J. Lehmicke; Andrés Castillo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Synanthropic Cockroaches (Blattidae:Periplanetaspp.) Harbor PathogenicLeptospirain Colombia. Journal of Medical Entomology 2015, 53, 177 -182.

AMA Style

Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo, Javier Andres Bustamante-Rengifo, Álvaro Bonilla, Anna Joy J. Lehmicke, Andrés Castillo, Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. Synanthropic Cockroaches (Blattidae:Periplanetaspp.) Harbor PathogenicLeptospirain Colombia. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2015; 53 (1):177-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo; Javier Andres Bustamante-Rengifo; Álvaro Bonilla; Anna Joy J. Lehmicke; Andrés Castillo; Miryam Astudillo-Hernández. 2015. "Synanthropic Cockroaches (Blattidae:Periplanetaspp.) Harbor PathogenicLeptospirain Colombia." Journal of Medical Entomology 53, no. 1: 177-182.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2011 in Colombia Medica
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Introduction: Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or convulsive cough, a contagious and immune-preventable disease. It is one of the 10 leading causes of death among children younger than one year of age, when not completely immunized. It is considered reemerging in several countries, with high rates of complications and hospitalizations. Objective: to learn of the proportion of infection by B. pertussis among suspected cases of whooping cough and their household contacts among children from the southeast zone of Cali, a geographic area with great consultation demand due to this infection. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 24 suspected cases and from their 109 household contacts. The samples were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and through culture. Results: The proportion of positivity among the cases via the Q-PCR technique was at 50% (12/24) and at 40% via the culture technique (8/20), with good agreement between both techniques (Kappa 0.61). Regarding the household contacts, 30.3% (33/109) (CI 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) tested positive. The sibling contacts (7/15) and the mothers (7/22) presented the greatest proportion of positivity. Regarding age, 60% were 4 years of age (3/5) and 50% were in the group comprised of individuals 45 to 64 years of age. No significant differences were found among the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence of B. pertussis infection, except for the presence of nasal secretions (runny nose) (27%) and coughing (36%) during the last month. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by B. pertussis among household contacts of children with whooping cough symptomatology and its household transmission. In Cali, health authorities need to review the effectiveness of implemented control strategies and the use of a vaccination scheme that does not cover adolescent and adult populations as a focus of infection control.

ACS Style

Miryam Astudillo; Victoria Eugenia Estrada; Mónica Fernández de Soto; Luz Ángela Moreno. Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007. Colombia Medica 2011, 42, 184 -190.

AMA Style

Miryam Astudillo, Victoria Eugenia Estrada, Mónica Fernández de Soto, Luz Ángela Moreno. Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007. Colombia Medica. 2011; 42 (2):184-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miryam Astudillo; Victoria Eugenia Estrada; Mónica Fernández de Soto; Luz Ángela Moreno. 2011. "Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007." Colombia Medica 42, no. 2: 184-190.