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Prof. Dr. Carlos Mestanza-Ramón
Research Group YASUNI-SDC, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, El Coca, Orellana EC220001, Ecuador

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Short Biography

Environmental Engineer, Diploma in Quality, Safety and Environmental Systems, Master in Conservation and Management of the Natural Environment and PhD in Conservation and Management of the Sea. Research Associate 3 qualified by the Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (Senescyt). Reviewer of high-impact Web of Science (JCR) Q1 and Q2 journals. He has published 26 high impact and regional articles, as a result of his participation as director in seven research projects. Editor-in-chief and founder of the Green World Journal ISSN 2737-6109, indexed in Latindex. He is currently a doctoral student at the University of Calabria (Italy) in Science and Engineering for the Environment, Construction and Energy; and a doctoral student at the University of Seville (Spain) in Tourism.

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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Land
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Tourism in natural areas attracts people seeking contact with pristine ecosystems as opposed to a polluted urban habitat and a stressful pace of life. An adequate tourist route and itinerary guarantees a high level of tourist satisfaction. The objective of this study was to focus on the design of a tourist route and itinerary in the Altar Volcano, Sangay National Park, central Ecuador, by integrating tourist attractions and facilities. Within the methodological process, the main tourist attractions of the area were identified and georeferenced; then, a thematic map was elaborated using ArcGIS 10.5® software. Distances were determined by considering the transportation alternatives in relation to the base camps. Finally, the itinerary was structured by considering the possible tourist activities of each place or attraction. As a result, a tourist route was obtained that included 19 attractions and an itinerary that interacts with various activities in the study area. This research will strengthen tourism activities in the Altar Volcano, allowing for an increase in the number of visitors and the development of sustainable tourism thanks to proper planning in the use of a new tourist route.

ACS Style

Alex Vinicio Gavilanes Montoya; José Fernando Esparza Parra; Carlos Renato Chávez Velásquez; Paúl Eduardo Tito Guanuche; Grace Maribel Parra Vintimilla; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete. A Nature Tourism Route through GIS to Improve the Visibility of the Natural Resources of the Altar Volcano, Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Land 2021, 10, 884 .

AMA Style

Alex Vinicio Gavilanes Montoya, José Fernando Esparza Parra, Carlos Renato Chávez Velásquez, Paúl Eduardo Tito Guanuche, Grace Maribel Parra Vintimilla, Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete. A Nature Tourism Route through GIS to Improve the Visibility of the Natural Resources of the Altar Volcano, Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Land. 2021; 10 (8):884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alex Vinicio Gavilanes Montoya; José Fernando Esparza Parra; Carlos Renato Chávez Velásquez; Paúl Eduardo Tito Guanuche; Grace Maribel Parra Vintimilla; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete. 2021. "A Nature Tourism Route through GIS to Improve the Visibility of the Natural Resources of the Altar Volcano, Sangay National Park, Ecuador." Land 10, no. 8: 884.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The design of new routes is a specific strategy to improve tourism management and to increase the attractiveness of landscape features, promoting activities as a part of sustainable development. This study proposes the design of alternative multi-parameter tourist routes in the Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve based on spatial network analysis implemented in ArcGIS 10.5® software. Tourist interest points were identified and mapped using spatial analysis software, then two routes for bicycles and hiking were defined as being the most efficient, based on the most frequented tourist attractions. The main contribution of this study is the identification of optimal routes for vehicular, bicycling, and hiking traffic through tourist attractions, considering variables such as the time, distance, average circulation speed, road state, and tourist facilities. As a result, two routes were identified. Route one includes 17 tourist attractions, five lodging establishments, four food centers, and one health center. On the other hand, route two includes 11 tourist attractions, two lodging and food establishments, and one health center. The final contribution of this research is to maximize tour satisfaction by presenting new routes of visiting tourist attractions due to the growing demand in the Chimborazo Reserve.

ACS Style

Danny Castillo-Vizuete; Alex Gavilanes-Montoya; Carlos Chávez-Velásquez; Paúl Benalcázar-Vergara; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. Design of Nature Tourism Route in Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5293 .

AMA Style

Danny Castillo-Vizuete, Alex Gavilanes-Montoya, Carlos Chávez-Velásquez, Paúl Benalcázar-Vergara, Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. Design of Nature Tourism Route in Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danny Castillo-Vizuete; Alex Gavilanes-Montoya; Carlos Chávez-Velásquez; Paúl Benalcázar-Vergara; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. 2021. "Design of Nature Tourism Route in Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5293.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Global conflicts can severely affect a nation’s tourism activities. Tourism can also be seriously affected by health problems such as epidemics or pandemics. It is important to establish strategies to be prepared for adverse situations. The objective of this study focused on analyzing nature tourism from a post-conflict and post-COVID-19 situation in the Amazonian border of Colombia (Department of Putumayo) and Ecuador (Province of Sucumbíos), which will contribute to establishing future strategic management scenarios. In order to respond to this objective, a systematic bibliographic review was carried out, accompanied by fieldwork (interviews). The results indicate that in the face of adverse situations, the tourism industry has the capacity to be resilient. The success of its recovery will be directly proportional to its capacity to create policies and strategies that allow it to take advantage of natural resources and turn them into an opportunity for the socioeconomic development of its population.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; José Jiménez-Caballero. Nature Tourism on the Colombian—Ecuadorian Amazonian Border: History, Current Situation, and Challenges. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4432 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, José Jiménez-Caballero. Nature Tourism on the Colombian—Ecuadorian Amazonian Border: History, Current Situation, and Challenges. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; José Jiménez-Caballero. 2021. "Nature Tourism on the Colombian—Ecuadorian Amazonian Border: History, Current Situation, and Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4432.

Review
Published: 17 August 2020 in Diversity
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Biodiversity is vital for the stability of the planet; its ecosystem services provide essential elements for our survival and well-being. This review analyzes the national biodiversity policies and describes the main strategies for biodiversity conservation in Ecuador, one of the “mega-diverse” countries in the world with the highest species density. It deepens an analysis of in-situ and ex-situ conservation processes. Ecuador has six clear policies for biodiversity conservation. These policies strengthen biodiversity conservation through mechanisms that improve the well-being of wildlife by ensuring human, wildlife and ecosystem health. It promotes actions for the welfare of wildlife, through technical, administrative and legal tools. The National System of Protected Areas, with 60 protected areas, is the most effective in-situ conservation instrument at the country level. Several ex-situ conservation and management means for the conservation of wild species are being utilized, including nurseries, botanical gardens, zoos, germplasm banks, aquariums, species reproduction and rehabilitation centers. Ecuador is making slow progress on ex-situ conservation despite the availability of a sound policy framework, possibly due to financial, infrastructural, and/or technological challenges, and knowledge gaps. We propose fostering international research collaborations and establishing fully funded small-scale captive breeding programs at zoos, aquariums and university research facilities to help recovery of at-risk species of reptiles, amphibians, fish and species beyond Galapagos region. We recommend utilizing citizen science programs to fill the gaps of biodiversity information and increasing efforts to revive the ex-situ conservation strategies in protecting the unique biodiversity of Ecuador.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara; Paola Vásconez Duchicela; Yadira Vargas Tierras; Maritza Sánchez Capa; Diana Constante Mejía; Mirian Jimenez Gutierrez; Manuel Charco Guamán; Paúl Mestanza Ramón. In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in Ecuador: A Review of Policies, Actions and Challenges. Diversity 2020, 12, 315 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara, Paola Vásconez Duchicela, Yadira Vargas Tierras, Maritza Sánchez Capa, Diana Constante Mejía, Mirian Jimenez Gutierrez, Manuel Charco Guamán, Paúl Mestanza Ramón. In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in Ecuador: A Review of Policies, Actions and Challenges. Diversity. 2020; 12 (8):315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara; Paola Vásconez Duchicela; Yadira Vargas Tierras; Maritza Sánchez Capa; Diana Constante Mejía; Mirian Jimenez Gutierrez; Manuel Charco Guamán; Paúl Mestanza Ramón. 2020. "In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in Ecuador: A Review of Policies, Actions and Challenges." Diversity 12, no. 8: 315.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The scenery, safety, facilities, water quality and litter quantities in coastal areas are relevant and determining elements in the choice of a tourist destination. This paper focused on the evaluation of coastal scenic value in 55 and 12 sites respectively located in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The information obtained gives public administrators and coastal managers the relevant data to avoid further environmental degradation and suggests measures to improve the present scenic value of tourist destinations. The methodology used was based on the analysis of 26 physical/human factors and applied fuzzy logic analysis and weighting matrices that allowed the sites to be classified into five classes, from Class I (natural areas with superior scenic characteristics) to Class V (poor scenic areas with relevant impact of human interventions). The most attractive beaches were in the Galapagos Islands due to the magnificent physical and environmental characteristics, while the Esmeraldas province presented sites of lower scenic beauty due to the low natural scenic value and the increase of human impacts. In total, 22% (15 out of 67) of the beaches investigated belonged to Class I, 12% (8) to Class II and 15% (10) to Class III. The last two classes included 51% of the beaches (i.e. 34 out of 67), of which 31% (21) was in Class IV and 20% (13) in Class V. Such results provide local managers and planners a solid inventory on coastal scenic characteristics and baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plan.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Giorgio Anfuso; J. Chica-Ruiz; Alexis Mooser; Camilo Botero; Enzo Pranzini. Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 468 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Giorgio Anfuso, J. Chica-Ruiz, Alexis Mooser, Camilo Botero, Enzo Pranzini. Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (6):468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Giorgio Anfuso; J. Chica-Ruiz; Alexis Mooser; Camilo Botero; Enzo Pranzini. 2020. "Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6: 468.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Water
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Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation. The results highlight four aspects as strengths (Policies, Responsibilities, Institutions and Citizen Participation), while the most notable weaknesses were Regulations and Education for sustainability. Strategies and Instruments, as well as Information, were identified as opportunities to stand out. The main threats were Economic Resources and Training. Ecuador does not have clearly established public policies that would allow for the integrated management of 3S tourism and be considered as productive, valuable alternatives. It is necessary to consolidate and promote 3S tourism as a State policy and as a means to improve the economies in coastal areas. Finally, Ecuador needs to overcome negative changes in the macroeconomic environment and reverse its current deteriorated image.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Giorgio Anfuso; Alexis Mooser; Camilo M. Botero; Enzo Pranzini. Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective. Water 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz, Giorgio Anfuso, Alexis Mooser, Camilo M. Botero, Enzo Pranzini. Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Giorgio Anfuso; Alexis Mooser; Camilo M. Botero; Enzo Pranzini. 2020. "Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective." Water 12, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2020 in Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía
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El objetivo de la investigación se concentró en analizar la prevalencia de hemoparásitos en bovinos de doble propósito en el cantón Pallatanga, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. En base al análisis de laboratorio, la finca Capata tuvo la mayor incidencia de hemoparásitos 38.46%, la finca Lugmapata tuvo menor incidencia parasitaria con un 14.29%, definiéndose que la mayor incidencia hemoparasitaria corresponde a los animales mayores a 2 años de edad y la menor de 6 a 12 meses. Los animales menores a 2 años fueron los más afectados y los de menor edad 1 a 2 años, mientras que en los bovinos Brahman y cruzados no se determinó afectación. De todas las explotaciones investigadas, solamente una lleva registros y la respectiva identificación en los animales por lo que se dificultó la toma de datos.

ACS Style

Glenda Elizabeth Sghirla-Herrería; Fabián Segundo Guamán-Quinche; Raúl Lorenzo González-Marcillo; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. Prevalencia de hemoparásitos en bovinos de doble propósito en el Cantón Pallatanga, Ecuador. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía 2020, 5, 893 -903.

AMA Style

Glenda Elizabeth Sghirla-Herrería, Fabián Segundo Guamán-Quinche, Raúl Lorenzo González-Marcillo, Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. Prevalencia de hemoparásitos en bovinos de doble propósito en el Cantón Pallatanga, Ecuador. Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía. 2020; 5 (10):893-903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Glenda Elizabeth Sghirla-Herrería; Fabián Segundo Guamán-Quinche; Raúl Lorenzo González-Marcillo; Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. 2020. "Prevalencia de hemoparásitos en bovinos de doble propósito en el Cantón Pallatanga, Ecuador." Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria Koinonía 5, no. 10: 893-903.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Sustainability
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Sea, Sun, and Sand (3S) are relevant and determining elements for choosing a tourist destination in Ecuador, a country with about 1200 km of coast along the Pacific Ocean. This study analyzed the market potential of the 3S in 64 beaches, 10 located in the Galapagos and 54 in the continental zone (of Ecuador). The methodology used was exploratory and bibliographical, complemented by a descriptive analysis. The color of the water was assessed by direct observation, sand samples were taken to a laboratory for color analysis, and information on the hours of light was obtained from international archive data. The data obtained were compared with other world famous 3S tourism destinations. The Galapagos had the best results, with attractive white sand beaches, sea blue water color, and an elevated sunshine time; meanwhile, the continental zone presented poor beaches with dark sand and unattractive water color. To strengthen 3S tourism, managers should work on the enhancement of complementary aspects such as culture, gastronomy, and architecture, promoting the creation of new coastal tourist routes and destinations.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Enzo Pranzini; Giorgio Anfuso; Camilo M. Botero; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Alexis Mooser. An Attempt to Characterize the “3S” (Sea, Sun, and Sand) Parameters: Application to the Galapagos Islands and Continental Ecuadorian Beaches. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3468 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Enzo Pranzini, Giorgio Anfuso, Camilo M. Botero, J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz, Alexis Mooser. An Attempt to Characterize the “3S” (Sea, Sun, and Sand) Parameters: Application to the Galapagos Islands and Continental Ecuadorian Beaches. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Enzo Pranzini; Giorgio Anfuso; Camilo M. Botero; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Alexis Mooser. 2020. "An Attempt to Characterize the “3S” (Sea, Sun, and Sand) Parameters: Application to the Galapagos Islands and Continental Ecuadorian Beaches." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3468.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2019 in Tierra Infinita
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La capacidad de carga ha emergido como un parámetro importante a considerar para manejo efectivo de áreas naturales protegidas de tal manera que la experiencia del turista promedio sigue siendo satisfactoria cuando se ejerce un impacto "aceptable" o mínimo. La Reserva de Producción de Fauna Cuyabeno (RPFC) es una de las 56 áreas protegidas de Ecuador, es considerada estratégica por albergar ecosistemas únicos y representativos de la región Amazónica, se ubica en las provincias de Orellana y Sucumbíos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la Capacidad de Carga Turística en los senderos de uso público de la reserva, dotando de una herramienta de gestión a los administradores para evitar impactos ambientales que atenten contra aspectos de conservación y sostenibilidad. La metodología se basó en el análisis de la Capacidad de Carga Física, Real y Efectiva. La Capacidad de Carga Real (CCR) consideró seis factores de corrección: social, accesibilidad, erodabilidad, anegamiento, vegetación y fauna. En el análisis de la Capacidad de Carga Efectiva (CCE) se consideró la Capacidad de Manejo (CM) |de la zona de estudio. Los resultados demuestran una saturación en la capacidad de carga en temporada alta. La implementación de la capacidad de carga llevó no solo a mantener el uso equilibrado de los recursos en el parque sino también, junto con otros programas, a promover proyectos como la restauración de los senderos, lo que mejoró la relevancia de la aplicación de capacidad de carga para el uso sostenible de las zonas de uso público de la reserva.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza. Capacidad de carga turística para el desarrollo sostenible en senderos de uso público: un caso especial en la reserva de producción de fauna Cuyabeno, Ecuador. Tierra Infinita 2019, 5, 5 -22.

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza. Capacidad de carga turística para el desarrollo sostenible en senderos de uso público: un caso especial en la reserva de producción de fauna Cuyabeno, Ecuador. Tierra Infinita. 2019; 5 (1):5-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza. 2019. "Capacidad de carga turística para el desarrollo sostenible en senderos de uso público: un caso especial en la reserva de producción de fauna Cuyabeno, Ecuador." Tierra Infinita 5, no. 1: 5-22.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2019 in Sustainability
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The objective of the study is to analyze integrated coastal zone management in mainland Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, and to discuss its challenges and opportunities in the face of constant changes in tourism and economic realities. The methodology used is based on the analysis of ten key elements to analyze national coastal management: policies, regulations, institutions, strategies, instruments, information, education, resources, managers, and participation. The main results indicate that Ecuador received support in terms of training and international financing for ICZM, but this has not been sufficient to guarantee correct management, due to a high discontinuity in economic and administrative political factors. All this has harmed the development of tourism and the dynamization of the economy in coastal areas. It is advisable to apply new policies where gastronomic and cultural aspects are strengthened.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Maritza Sanchez Capa; Hilter Figueroa Saavedra; Juana Rojas Paredes. Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Tourism and Economic Context. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6386 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón, Maritza Sanchez Capa, Hilter Figueroa Saavedra, Juana Rojas Paredes. Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Tourism and Economic Context. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Maritza Sanchez Capa; Hilter Figueroa Saavedra; Juana Rojas Paredes. 2019. "Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Tourism and Economic Context." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6386.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2019 in Polo del Conocimiento
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Las áreas protegidas representan espacios de gran valor ambiental y social. Su buen manejo puede permitir tanto la protección de la biodiversidad como el crecimiento del interés de los turistas. Con respecto a la gobernanza de estas áreas, se discute frecuentemente la posibilidad de cobrar a los visitantes por su disfrute. Este problema es muy pertinente en el Parque Turístico Nueva Loja, Sucumbíos, Ecuador, donde los presupuestos gubernamentales para su gestión son cada vez más escasos. Entre las áreas protegidas de Sucumbíos, el parque Turístico Nueva Loja es una zona con características naturales y representaciones culturales extraordinarias y una importante atracción turística cuyo valor ha sido reconocido recientemente a nivel local, nacional e internacional. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la disposición de los visitantes a pagar una entrada en el Parque Turístico Nueva Loja. Después de algunas reflexiones sobre la importancia de las áreas protegidas, se presentan los resultados de una encuesta que analiza la impresión de los visitantes y sus opiniones sobre la posible introducción de un boleto de acceso al parque. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan datos útiles para apoyar a los tomadores de decisiones con respecto a la elección y el valor relativo de un boleto.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza; Ángel Edberto Cunalata-García; Miriam Yolanda Jiménez-Gutiérrez; Alexandra Nataly Chacha-Bolaños. Disposición a pagar por el ingreso a zonas de uso público en el Parque Turístico “Nueva Loja”, Sucumbíos- Ecuador. Polo del Conocimiento 2019, 4, 67 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza, Ángel Edberto Cunalata-García, Miriam Yolanda Jiménez-Gutiérrez, Alexandra Nataly Chacha-Bolaños. Disposición a pagar por el ingreso a zonas de uso público en el Parque Turístico “Nueva Loja”, Sucumbíos- Ecuador. Polo del Conocimiento. 2019; 4 (2):67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza; Ángel Edberto Cunalata-García; Miriam Yolanda Jiménez-Gutiérrez; Alexandra Nataly Chacha-Bolaños. 2019. "Disposición a pagar por el ingreso a zonas de uso público en el Parque Turístico “Nueva Loja”, Sucumbíos- Ecuador." Polo del Conocimiento 4, no. 2: 67.

Short communication
Published: 14 February 2019 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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The presence and characterization of beach litter was investigated, according to the EA/NALG (2000) methodology, at 59 sites along four provinces of Ecuador, i.e., three continental and the Galapagos Islands Province. The methodology, which has been verified in several countries, was used to classify beaches into four grades (from “A” – excellent to “D” – poor) according to the content of nine types of litter. Twenty-two sites (i.e., 37% of total) obtained Grade “C”, 18 (31%) Grade “B”, 12 (20%) Grade “A”, and 7 (12%) Grade “D”. The province that showed excellent litter grades was the Galapagos Islands where 88% of beaches obtained Grade “A”, whereas Santa Elena and Esmeraldas provinces presented the worst beaches in terms of litter content and abundance. Environmental authorities should focus more attention on continental beaches by improving adequate cleaning operations to make them more attractive to national and international tourism.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza; Camilo M. Botero; Giorgio Anfuso; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Enzo Pranzini; Alexis Mooser. Beach litter in Ecuador and the Galapagos islands: A baseline to enhance environmental conservation and sustainable beach tourism. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019, 140, 573 -578.

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza, Camilo M. Botero, Giorgio Anfuso, J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz, Enzo Pranzini, Alexis Mooser. Beach litter in Ecuador and the Galapagos islands: A baseline to enhance environmental conservation and sustainable beach tourism. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2019; 140 ():573-578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza; Camilo M. Botero; Giorgio Anfuso; J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz; Enzo Pranzini; Alexis Mooser. 2019. "Beach litter in Ecuador and the Galapagos islands: A baseline to enhance environmental conservation and sustainable beach tourism." Marine Pollution Bulletin 140, no. : 573-578.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2018 in Sustainability
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Conflicts and ecological impacts in natural protected areas can arise for various reasons. The behavior of social stakeholders in the face of conflict is the object of study. Their reactions can be varied according to the personal interests of the parties. Conflicts can cause changes in the communities, incomprehensibly affecting the environment and ultimately transforming their lives. Although the environmental impacts have generally been well studied in protected areas, after reviewing the literature, it was observed that very few studies exist on the local economic conflicts that frequently arise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-ecological conflicts and impacts generated by the filming of the American reality series Naked and Afraid, produced by the Discovery Channel in the Ecuadorian Amazon—a special case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve. The data was gathered from numerous primary sources, including field interviews with the regional stakeholders involved and a video analysis of the Discovery Channels’ Naked and Afraid. The results of our study conclude several interesting insights into various social and ecological conflicts and their resulting impacts on the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve. The first of these concerns the high impacts mainly associated with biotic components in the Reserve. The second set of interesting findings are social conflicts that were caused by the discontent of the Indigenous communities in relation to royalties and compensations left by the filming.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza; Hilter Figueroa Saavedra; Isabel Domínguez Gaibor; Manuel Abarca Zaquinaula; Rita Lara Váscones; Oswaldo Malla Pacheco. Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability 2018, 11, 50 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza, Hilter Figueroa Saavedra, Isabel Domínguez Gaibor, Manuel Abarca Zaquinaula, Rita Lara Váscones, Oswaldo Malla Pacheco. Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza; Hilter Figueroa Saavedra; Isabel Domínguez Gaibor; Manuel Abarca Zaquinaula; Rita Lara Váscones; Oswaldo Malla Pacheco. 2018. "Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 50.

Review
Published: 04 July 2018 in Water
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Analysis of written documents, projects and historical cartography of the 17th and 18th centuries allows reconstruction of the shore protection works performed at Callao (Peru) to defend the settlements and its boundary wall from storm waves and tsunamis. Groins appeared for the first time in early 18th century maps, together with gently sloping revetments in an unrealized project of the same period. Comparisons between Callao projects and those performed in Europe in the same centuries show a uniformity in design and construction materials that overpasses the environmental differences of the sites. Successes and failures followed each other and, although an understanding of coastal dynamics and the positive and negative effects of the various works were known, it was not possible to guarantee the stability of the walls and consequently the safety of the city from sea attack. A strategic retreat was even considered.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza; Marco Piccardi; Enzo Pranzini. Coastal Erosion Management at Callao (Peru) in the 17th and 18th Centuries: The First Groin Field in South America? Water 2018, 10, 891 .

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza, Marco Piccardi, Enzo Pranzini. Coastal Erosion Management at Callao (Peru) in the 17th and 18th Centuries: The First Groin Field in South America? Water. 2018; 10 (7):891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza; Marco Piccardi; Enzo Pranzini. 2018. "Coastal Erosion Management at Callao (Peru) in the 17th and 18th Centuries: The First Groin Field in South America?" Water 10, no. 7: 891.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2018 in Sustainability
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A coastal scenery assessment was carried out at 50 sites along the 910 km long Andalusia coast (SW Spain) using a checklist of 26 natural and human parameters, parameter weighting matrices, and fuzzy logic. A scenic classification was utilised that can rate sites as Class I (natural areas of great scenic beauty) to Class V (urbanised areas of poor scenic interest), but, for this study, only natural sites of great scenic value were investigated; 41 sites were included in Class I, 9 in Class II and, apart from four, all of the sites were under some feature of protection—managed by the Andalusia Environmental Agency (RENPA, in Spanish). Sites belong to the Natural Park Cabo de Gata-Nijar (24% of sites), the Natural Park of Gibraltar Strait (18%), the Natural Place Acantilado de Maro-Cerro Gordo (12%), and the Natural and National parks of Doñana (8%). Results obtained by means of scenic evaluation constitute a sound scientific basis for any envisaged management plan for investigated coastal areas preservation/conservation and responsible future developments, especially for natural protected areas, which represent the most attractive coastal tourist destinations. With respect to natural parameters, excellent scenic values appeared to be linked to the geological setting and the presence of mountainous landscapes related to the Betic Chain. Human parameters usually show good scores because null or extremely reduced human impacts are recorded, but, at places, conflicts arose between conservation and recreational activities because visitors are often interested in beach activities more so than ecotourism. Low scores of human parameters were often related to litter presence or the unsuitable emplacement of utilities, such as informative panels, litter bins, etc.

ACS Style

Alexis Mooser; Giorgio Anfuso; Carlos Mestanza; Allan Thomas Williams. Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain). Sustainability 2018, 10, 1328 .

AMA Style

Alexis Mooser, Giorgio Anfuso, Carlos Mestanza, Allan Thomas Williams. Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain). Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexis Mooser; Giorgio Anfuso; Carlos Mestanza; Allan Thomas Williams. 2018. "Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1328.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2013 in Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas
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La Artritis Reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria sistémica que afecta del 0.5 hasta el 2 % de la población mundial. En el Ecuador, la prevalencia reportada es del 0.9 %. Recientemente se han estudiado los polimorfismos en varios genes con el fin de encontrar su relación con la enfermedad. Dos de los polimorfismos más estudiados son el -308 y el -238 del gen TNF-α. Nosotros analizamos la presencia de estos polimorfismos en cuarenta individuos previamente diagnosticados con AR y veinticinco individuos sanos mediante la RCP-TR (endpoint genotyping). Se empleó ELISA para medio los niveles de marcadores de AR. La actividad de la enfermedad fue medida mediante DAS 28. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron de acuerdo con la declaración de Helsinki. No se establecieron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de ambos polimorfismos entre los individuos sanos y los pacientes con AR. El 69 % de los individuos con el polimorfismo -238GA presentaron una baja actividad de la enfermedad (SB DAS 28), mientras que el 67 % y 57 % de individuos con los polimorfismos -238GG y -238AA respectivamente, presentaron una actividad media (SM DAS 28). Nuestro trabajo es el primero que relaciona AR y polimorfismos genéticos que se realiza en el Ecuador. Nuestros resultados sugieren que hay una asociación de -238GG con una mayor actividad de la enfermedad, que ha sido reportado previamente.

ACS Style

Carlos Mestanza; Camilo Zurita Salinas; Estefanía Espín; David Ortega Paredes; Marcelo Mora; Carlos Vallejo; Rómulo Villacís; Marilú Mestanza Peralta. Asociación entre los polimorfismos -308 y -238 del gen TNF-α y la artritis reumatoide (datos preliminares). Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas 2013, 34, 205 -214.

AMA Style

Carlos Mestanza, Camilo Zurita Salinas, Estefanía Espín, David Ortega Paredes, Marcelo Mora, Carlos Vallejo, Rómulo Villacís, Marilú Mestanza Peralta. Asociación entre los polimorfismos -308 y -238 del gen TNF-α y la artritis reumatoide (datos preliminares). Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas. 2013; 34 (1-2):205-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Mestanza; Camilo Zurita Salinas; Estefanía Espín; David Ortega Paredes; Marcelo Mora; Carlos Vallejo; Rómulo Villacís; Marilú Mestanza Peralta. 2013. "Asociación entre los polimorfismos -308 y -238 del gen TNF-α y la artritis reumatoide (datos preliminares)." Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas 34, no. 1-2: 205-214.