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This paper is a first attempt to propose a multidimensional study of overtourism and undertourism in Majorca, a Spanish island and one of the world’s leading mass tourist destinations. The study was conducted before and after the pandemic started through a survey to local stakeholders. They were asked for their perceptions of overtourism and undertourism, what problems these phenomena generate, which sustainability indicator might be used to measure each problem, and, lastly, what solutions they suggest. Three main dimensions were taken (economy and demography, culture, and ecology) to classify the problems, sustainability indicators, and solutions. The main conclusion is the stakeholders’ consensus that both situations are the outcome of an economy based on a tourism monoculture and they view the stoppage brought about by the pandemic as being an opportunity to restructure the current tourism model, mainly by tackling labor conditions, the wellbeing of local residents, and ecological resilience. The sustainability indicators proposed by the respondents could contribute to the establishment of a monitoring system of the problems generated by overtourism and undertourism. Most of these indicators are available in official statistics, but there are others that need to be developed ad hoc.
Macià Blázquez-Salom; Magdalena Cladera; Maria Sard. Identifying the sustainability indicators of overtourism and undertourism in Majorca. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2021, 1 -25.
AMA StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom, Magdalena Cladera, Maria Sard. Identifying the sustainability indicators of overtourism and undertourism in Majorca. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2021; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom; Magdalena Cladera; Maria Sard. 2021. "Identifying the sustainability indicators of overtourism and undertourism in Majorca." Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-25.
For scientific headway to be made in the field of social science today, direct contact with analysed phenomena is all-important. The research hypothesis we put forward is that, just like practical laboratory work, fieldwork is an indispensable tool in tourism geography in guaranteeing rigorous scientific studies. The aim of this paper is: 1) to help demonstrate the usefulness of fieldwork in tourism geography in enriching the taught theory and concepts; 2) to design useful methodological tools for planning student-driven, enquiry-based learning processes; 3) to use Mallorca as a case study in a direct analysis of the complex spatial consequences of the Anthropocene on the tourist industry. Our teaching and research experience in tourism geography, particularly in relation to global change during the Anthropocene, are fundamental in achieving these objectives. We conclude that fieldwork helps students to develop important skills and competences, facilitating meaningful learning. Through the students’ active participation, the teacher is no longer a transmitter of theoretical knowledge, but a facilitator in the learning process.
Macià Blázquez-Salom; Asunción Blanco-Romero. Fieldwork in Ground Zero, Mallorca. A Methodological Fieldwork Proposal for a Geographical Analysis of Tourist Areas. Investigaciones Geográficas 2021, 43 .
AMA StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom, Asunción Blanco-Romero. Fieldwork in Ground Zero, Mallorca. A Methodological Fieldwork Proposal for a Geographical Analysis of Tourist Areas. Investigaciones Geográficas. 2021; (75):43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom; Asunción Blanco-Romero. 2021. "Fieldwork in Ground Zero, Mallorca. A Methodological Fieldwork Proposal for a Geographical Analysis of Tourist Areas." Investigaciones Geográficas , no. 75: 43.
La irrupción del alquiler turístico, como el ofertado en Airbnb, ha provocado profundos cambios en torno a la vivienda y en los espacios urbanos. Así, Madrid se ha convertido de la mano del alquiler turístico, en una exitosa ciudad turística. En este artículo se analiza la proliferación del alquiler turístico en el distrito Centro de Madrid y su incidencia sobre el alquiler residencial. En este caso, como en otras ciudades europeas y norteamericanas, la explotación turística de las viviendas ha abierto la brecha de renta, mientras que el alquiler de las viviendas se ha disparado. The irruption of the tourist rental, like the one offered on Airbnb, has brought profound changes around housing and urban spaces. Madrid has become the hand of the tourist rental, among other reasons, in a successful touristic city. This article analyses the proliferation of tourist rentals in the Central district of Madrid and its impact on residential rentals. In this case, as in other European and North American cities, the tourist exploitation of the houses has allowed to open the rent gap, while the rental price of the houses has skyrocketed.
María Antonia Martínez-Caldentey; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Ivan Murray. HABITABILIDAD Y AIRBNB: EL ALQUILER DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL DISTRITO CENTRO DE MADRID. Cuadernos de Turismo 2020, 367 -393.
AMA StyleMaría Antonia Martínez-Caldentey, Macià Blázquez-Salom, Ivan Murray. HABITABILIDAD Y AIRBNB: EL ALQUILER DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL DISTRITO CENTRO DE MADRID. Cuadernos de Turismo. 2020; (46):367-393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Antonia Martínez-Caldentey; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Ivan Murray. 2020. "HABITABILIDAD Y AIRBNB: EL ALQUILER DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL DISTRITO CENTRO DE MADRID." Cuadernos de Turismo , no. 46: 367-393.
Globalization today is characterized by territorial polarization resulting from unequal geographical development (urban vs. rural spaces and coastal vs. inland areas) or from spatial segregation by reason of social class, ethnicity or gender, among others. The diverse problems lead to different diagnoses and alternative proposals: from degrowth in saturated spaces to the contribution of resilience for inland spaces as well as for impoverished countries. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reflection on tourism scenarios and alternatives in territories made disparate by unequal geographical development and are thus experiencing conditions of undertourism. Our results reveal, on the one hand, alternatives such as degrowth in scenarios that suffer from overtourism and, on the other, demands for new development opportunities that also favor resilience over the abandonment of disadvantaged spaces. Socio-territorial resilience is a specific, two-fold response to undertourism: it demands degrowth in saturated destinations while stimulating tourism activity in spaces that need it.
Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom. Inland Territorial and Tourism Resilience in a Polarized World. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 1886 -1896.
AMA StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero, Macià Blázquez-Salom. Inland Territorial and Tourism Resilience in a Polarized World. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():1886-1896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom. 2020. "Inland Territorial and Tourism Resilience in a Polarized World." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 1886-1896.
Desde el estallido de la crisis global en 2008, la turistización de la economía española se ha intensificado. La ciudad de Madrid, en este contexto, también ha ganado poder como espacio turístico. Este artículo analiza las tensiones entre el alquiler turístico y el alquiler residencial en la ciudad de Madrid. Este estudio se ha realizado mediante técnicas de análisis espacial, estadísticas y cartográficas, que nos permiten visualizar y cuantificar las variables relacionadas con el alquiler turístico y residencial en la ciudad. Aunque es cierto que en la actualidad la oferta de alquiler turístico está presente en cada uno de los distritos de Madrid, siguiendo un patrón espacial en forma de mancha de aceite, es en el casco histórico donde se concentran más de la mitad del total de ofertas gestionadas mediante Airbnb. Este artículo tiene como objetivos: 1) establecer los patrones espaciales del alquiler turístico, basados en el análisis de una muestra de ofertas de Airbnb en la ciudad de Madrid; 2) estimar la distribución espacial del alquiler residencial, así como, donde se enfrenta con el alquiler turístico; 3) evaluar los efectos de las medidas regulatorias del uso turístico de viviendas. El estudio ha concluido que el alquiler turístico llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Madrid sigue un patrón de explotación intensiva, donde el casco histórico es el núcleo de dicha actividad, siendo donde existe la mayor confrontación entre el alquiler residencial y el alquiler turístico.
María Antonia Martínez Caldentey; Ivan Murray; Macià Blázquez Salom. En la ciudad de Madrid todos los caminos conducen a Airbnb. Investigaciones Turísticas 2020, 1 -27.
AMA StyleMaría Antonia Martínez Caldentey, Ivan Murray, Macià Blázquez Salom. En la ciudad de Madrid todos los caminos conducen a Airbnb. Investigaciones Turísticas. 2020; (19):1-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Antonia Martínez Caldentey; Ivan Murray; Macià Blázquez Salom. 2020. "En la ciudad de Madrid todos los caminos conducen a Airbnb." Investigaciones Turísticas , no. 19: 1-27.
La ciudad de Palma, en Mallorca, representa uno de los principales destinos de playa del Mediterráneo español, por lo que se incorporan nuevos espacios que permiten la expansión turística. Este es el caso del barrio El Molinar, que ha sido objeto de severos procesos de reconversión urbana para crear áreas dedicadas al consumo. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de un proceso gradual de reconfiguración del espacio, razón por la cual se profundiza en las manifestaciones socioespaciales y en los intentos de remodelación de su puerto marítimo. Como referente teórico y metodológico, se utilizó la tesis de la producción del espacio de Henri Lefebvre. Se concluye que la producción del espacio turístico en El Molinar ha desencadenado diversas alteraciones en el tejido social y en la estructura urbana del barrio, producto de la dualidad Estado-capitales, para incorporarlo en el mercado turístico global como un espacio elitista de consumo.
Alma Ivonne Marín Marín; Macia Blázquez-Salom; Mariel Verónica Massé Magaña; Valeria Reyes Canseco; Lilia Zizumbo Villarreal. La producción del espacio turístico en El Molinar de Levante (Mallorca). Turismo y Sociedad 2020, 27, 21 -41.
AMA StyleAlma Ivonne Marín Marín, Macia Blázquez-Salom, Mariel Verónica Massé Magaña, Valeria Reyes Canseco, Lilia Zizumbo Villarreal. La producción del espacio turístico en El Molinar de Levante (Mallorca). Turismo y Sociedad. 2020; 27 ():21-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlma Ivonne Marín Marín; Macia Blázquez-Salom; Mariel Verónica Massé Magaña; Valeria Reyes Canseco; Lilia Zizumbo Villarreal. 2020. "La producción del espacio turístico en El Molinar de Levante (Mallorca)." Turismo y Sociedad 27, no. : 21-41.
Tourism development affects prominent city centres worldwide, causing social unrest that has been labelled “tourism-phobia.” This article problematizes the recent appearance of this term by unravelling the links between the materiality of contemporary urban tourism and the response it receives from social movements opposing its expansion. We endeavour to understand the meaning that different actors involved in the city's touristification attach to this term, and in particular the perceptions of citizens’ movements that claim to espouse not tourism-phobia but urban-philia. To analyze these dynamics, we draw on Lefebvre’s discussion of the “right to the city” to highlight the extractive productive relations characterizing the tourism industry and the contestations such relations trigger. Taking the example of two Spanish cities (Barcelona and Palma), our findings indicate that the social malaise found in tourist oversaturation is due to the disruption it causes to everyday life, including price increases and rising rents. Consequently, the discomfort popular mobilisations have generated among the ruling class has led the latter to disqualify and even criminalise the former’s legitimate claims under the label of tourism-phobia. To conclude, we call for a future research agenda in pursuit of social justice and equity around re-touristification, de-touristification or even tourist degrowth.
Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blàzquez-Salom; Marc Morell; Robert Fletcher. Not tourism-phobia but urban-philia: understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of urban touristification. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero, Macià Blàzquez-Salom, Marc Morell, Robert Fletcher. Not tourism-phobia but urban-philia: understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of urban touristification. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles. 2019; (83):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blàzquez-Salom; Marc Morell; Robert Fletcher. 2019. "Not tourism-phobia but urban-philia: understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of urban touristification." Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles , no. 83: 1.
This article outlines a conceptual framework and research agenda for exploring the relationship between tourism and degrowth. Rapid and uneven expansion of tourism as a response to the 2008 economic crisis has proceeded in parallel with the rise of social discontent concerning so-called “overtourism.” Despite decades of concerted global effort to achieve sustainable development, meanwhile, socioecological conflicts and inequality have rarely reversed, but in fact increased in many places. Degrowth, understood as both social theory and social movement, has emerged within the context of this global crisis. Yet thus far the vibrant degrowth discussion has yet to engage systematically with the tourism industry in particular, while by the same token tourism research has largely neglected explicit discussion of degrowth. We bring the two discussions together here to interrogate their complementarity. Identifying a growth imperative in the basic structure of the capitalist economy, we contend that mounting critique of overtourism can be understood as a structural response to the ravages of capitalist development more broadly. Debate concerning overtourism thus offers a valuable opportunity to re-politicize discussion of tourism development generally. We contribute to this discussion by exploring of the potential for degrowth to facilitate a truly sustainable tourism.
Robert Fletcher; Ivan Murray Mas; Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macia Blázquez-Salom. Tourism and degrowth: an emerging agenda for research and praxis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2019, 27, 1745 -1763.
AMA StyleRobert Fletcher, Ivan Murray Mas, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Macia Blázquez-Salom. Tourism and degrowth: an emerging agenda for research and praxis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2019; 27 (12):1745-1763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Fletcher; Ivan Murray Mas; Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macia Blázquez-Salom. 2019. "Tourism and degrowth: an emerging agenda for research and praxis." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27, no. 12: 1745-1763.
Tourism saturation and unsustainability have been studied in urban political ecology. Both of these problems are inseparable from tourism planning and they have resulted in proposed solutions based on growth containment and even degrowth. These types of measures have been applied to varying degrees in mature coastal destinations in Spain since the 1990s, and they are currently being used for the country's main urban destinations due to problems generated by tourism saturation. This study examines the progressive incorporation of these measures in territorial tourism planning in Spain and it points out that the traditional emphasis on urban-tourism growth is declining and that more restrictive policies are now being implemented. This shift is illustrated through the analysis of three innovative territorial tourism planning instruments in Barcelona, the Balearic Islands and the Autonomous Region of Valencia. These ostensibly progressive processes suffer from crippling contradictions due to their inability to directly confront the capitalist accumulation model underlying the tourism growth they address. Consequently, much stronger measures capable of transcending this accumulation model in pursuit of genuine, and fair degrowth without systemic constraints are needed.
Macià Blázquez-Salom; Asunción Blanco-Romero; Fernando Vera-Rebollo; Josep Ivars-Baidal. Territorial tourism planning in Spain: from boosterism to tourism degrowth? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2019, 27, 1764 -1785.
AMA StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Fernando Vera-Rebollo, Josep Ivars-Baidal. Territorial tourism planning in Spain: from boosterism to tourism degrowth? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2019; 27 (12):1764-1785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacià Blázquez-Salom; Asunción Blanco-Romero; Fernando Vera-Rebollo; Josep Ivars-Baidal. 2019. "Territorial tourism planning in Spain: from boosterism to tourism degrowth?" Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27, no. 12: 1764-1785.
The Balearic Islands are a major Mediterranean tourist destination that features one of the greatest swimming pool densities within Europe. In this paper, standard meteorological data were combined with a diachronic swimming pool inventory to estimate water evaporation from swimming pools over the Balearic archipelago. Evaporation was estimated using an empirical equation designed for open-water surfaces. Results revealed a 32% increase in swimming pools’ water use by 2015. Evaporation from swimming pools added 9.6 L of water to touristic consumption per guest night and person, and represented 4.9% of the total urban water consumption. In 2015, almost 5 hm3 (5 billion L) were lost from pools across the Balearic Islands. In several densely urbanized areas, evaporative water loss from pools exceeded four million litres per square kilometre and year. The water needed to refill the total of 62,599 swimming pools and to counteract evaporative water loss is equivalent to 1.2 pools per year. Swimming pools have rapidly proliferated across the islands. We have expounded on this development in view of much-needed responsible water management across the islands.
Angela Hof; Enrique Morán-Tejeda; Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz; Macià Blázquez-Salom. Swimming Pool Evaporative Water Loss and Water Use in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Water 2018, 10, 1883 .
AMA StyleAngela Hof, Enrique Morán-Tejeda, Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz, Macià Blázquez-Salom. Swimming Pool Evaporative Water Loss and Water Use in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Water. 2018; 10 (12):1883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Hof; Enrique Morán-Tejeda; Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz; Macià Blázquez-Salom. 2018. "Swimming Pool Evaporative Water Loss and Water Use in the Balearic Islands (Spain)." Water 10, no. 12: 1883.
L’appropriation et la commercialisation de l’espace urbain sont un des mécanismes qui permettent aux villes de surmonter la crise économique. Ces phénomènes transforment de nombreux domaines de la vie urbaine : le logement, le commerce et l’espace public s’utilisent et s’échangent et deviennent ainsi la matière à partir de laquelle se développe l’activité touristique. Barcelone, comme d’autres villes touristiques, connaît une « bulle immobilière » qui trouve son origine, principalement, dans la dette, dans les expulsions, la spéculation et dans les mutations du régime foncier et immobilier. Cette situation lourde de conflits est dénoncée par la mobilisation citoyenne, accusée de « tourismophobie ». Aussi, l’administration locale a initié un processus de régulation touristique et de planification urbaine pour pallier des effets néfastes, parmi lesquels la raréfaction de l’offre locative et la saturation touristique.
Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom. Marchandisation touristique du logement et planification urbaine à Barcelone. Sud-Ouest européen 2018, 9 -22.
AMA StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero, Macià Blázquez-Salom. Marchandisation touristique du logement et planification urbaine à Barcelone. Sud-Ouest européen. 2018; (46):9-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom. 2018. "Marchandisation touristique du logement et planification urbaine à Barcelone." Sud-Ouest européen , no. 46: 9-22.
Ten years after the housing bubble burst, Barcelona has experienced an increase in rental prices. This increase in prices is due to a combination of factors such as household debt, urban entrepreneurialism and the marketing of the city, evictions, investment by speculative capital, changes in tenancy and an increase in rental housing for tourists. Overcrowding from tourists is gaining ground as a concern in multifunctional cities. Through an analysis of statistics and in-depth interviews with qualified agents, it is possible to observe how social struggles and unsustainability have outraged citizens and pitted them against overcrowding from tourism and the commodification of the city. The local administration of Barcelona has tried to respond to the situation by initiating a process of regulation through urban and tourism planning. Our analysis shows that these actions are of great importance but are not enough to alleviate some of the drawbacks, such as the shortage of rental housing and an excess of hotel beds.
Asunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Gemma Cànoves. Barcelona, Housing Rent Bubble in a Tourist City. Social Responses and Local Policies. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2043 .
AMA StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero, Macià Blázquez-Salom, Gemma Cànoves. Barcelona, Housing Rent Bubble in a Tourist City. Social Responses and Local Policies. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):2043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsunción Blanco-Romero; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Gemma Cànoves. 2018. "Barcelona, Housing Rent Bubble in a Tourist City. Social Responses and Local Policies." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 2043.
En las últimas décadas, se han aplicado a lo largo del litoral del estado español diferentes técnicas de gestión litoral con el fin de restaurar, mantener y proteger los sistemas playa-duna. Estas técnicas se han basado en la emulación artificial de los procesos naturales que favorecen la recuperación del sistema, mientras en otras se ha basado en la instalación de servicios que evitan la frecuentación y pisoteo de los sistemas dunares. La falta de criterios geomorfológicos en algunas actuaciones realizadas en las islas Baleares han generado y agravado procesos erosivos sobre aquellos que se pretendían recuperar, o bien se han fijado de forma artificial sistemas dinámicos. Este trabajo ejemplifica algunas técnicas aplicadas sin criterios geomorfológicos sobre sistemas dunares.
Francesc Xavier Roig-Munar; José Ángel Martín Prieto; Antonio Rodríguez Perea; Macià Blàzquez Salom. Restauración de sistemas dunares en las islas Baleares (2000-2017): una visión crítica. Investigaciones Geográficas 2018, 119 .
AMA StyleFrancesc Xavier Roig-Munar, José Ángel Martín Prieto, Antonio Rodríguez Perea, Macià Blàzquez Salom. Restauración de sistemas dunares en las islas Baleares (2000-2017): una visión crítica. Investigaciones Geográficas. 2018; (69):119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesc Xavier Roig-Munar; José Ángel Martín Prieto; Antonio Rodríguez Perea; Macià Blàzquez Salom. 2018. "Restauración de sistemas dunares en las islas Baleares (2000-2017): una visión crítica." Investigaciones Geográficas , no. 69: 119.
Water rate structures were analysed to assess water prices per unit of water consumed in the domestic urban sector. Water prices and variability are set in spatial context and patterns are analysed on the background of municipal urban and tourist profiles. In addition, scenario calculations reveal that the block rate is not sufficiently progressive and prices are too low, in particular where low density housing with lawns and swimming pools dominates. Finally, we look at the institutional framework for establishing water prices and for managing water resources more sustainably.
Angela Hof; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Joana Maria Garau. Domestic urban water rate structure and water prices in Mallorca, Balearic Islands. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 2018, 52 -79.
AMA StyleAngela Hof, Macià Blázquez-Salom, Joana Maria Garau. Domestic urban water rate structure and water prices in Mallorca, Balearic Islands. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles. 2018; (77):52-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Hof; Macià Blázquez-Salom; Joana Maria Garau. 2018. "Domestic urban water rate structure and water prices in Mallorca, Balearic Islands." Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles , no. 77: 52-79.
Macia Blázquez-Salom. Turismo de interior en España. Productos y dinámicas territoriales. Gemma Cànoves, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Josep Maria Prat y Montserrat Villarino (eds.). València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València. Colección de Desarrollo Territorial, número 19, dirigida por Joan Romero. 2017. ISBN: 978-84-9134-193-2, 308 páginas. Investigaciones Turísticas 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMacia Blázquez-Salom. Turismo de interior en España. Productos y dinámicas territoriales. Gemma Cànoves, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Josep Maria Prat y Montserrat Villarino (eds.). València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València. Colección de Desarrollo Territorial, número 19, dirigida por Joan Romero. 2017. ISBN: 978-84-9134-193-2, 308 páginas. Investigaciones Turísticas. 2018; (15):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacia Blázquez-Salom. 2018. "Turismo de interior en España. Productos y dinámicas territoriales. Gemma Cànoves, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Josep Maria Prat y Montserrat Villarino (eds.). València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València. Colección de Desarrollo Territorial, número 19, dirigida por Joan Romero. 2017. ISBN: 978-84-9134-193-2, 308 páginas." Investigaciones Turísticas , no. 15: 1.
Ivan Murray Mas; Ismael Yrigoy Cadena; Macia Blázquez-Salom. The role of crises in the production, destruction and restructuring of tourist spaces. The case of the Balearic Islands. Investigaciones Turísticas 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleIvan Murray Mas, Ismael Yrigoy Cadena, Macia Blázquez-Salom. The role of crises in the production, destruction and restructuring of tourist spaces. The case of the Balearic Islands. Investigaciones Turísticas. 2017; (13):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Murray Mas; Ismael Yrigoy Cadena; Macia Blázquez-Salom. 2017. "The role of crises in the production, destruction and restructuring of tourist spaces. The case of the Balearic Islands." Investigaciones Turísticas , no. 13: 1.
Mallorca, la mayor de las Islas Baleares, es conocida internacionalmente como destino de vacaciones de verano, lugar de relax y meta ideal para el disfrute del sol y el mar. Esta mirada turística que aparece en las postales es resultado de una promoción publicitaria a la que contribuyó el cine desde sus orígenes, a través de documentales y películas de ficción. Dicha iconografía se origina en la Mallorca de los filmes de las décadas 1920 y 1930 reflejando el mito de la “isla de la calma”. En cambio, las películas de las décadas 1950 y 1960 se basan en la exhibición de nuevos estereotipos, fruto de la explosión turística. Las playas de arena blanca, las montañas y todos los paisajes que aparecen en las películas de las primeras décadas del siglo XX son sustituidos por playas llenas de hamacas, sombrillas y chiringuitos. Los monumentos, los paisajes rurales y las tradiciones populares dejan paso a los grandes hoteles y locales de diversión nocturna. Es el reflejo de la transformación que experimenta Mallorca, sometida a un proceso de estandarización, como el común de los destinos turísticos de sol y playa, reconstruyendo su identidad sobre los cimientos de la “modernidad”. Pese a que el proceso de “balearización” no ha cesado, en la actualidad el cine sobre Mallorca vuelve a publicitar el estereotipo de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado, bajo el mito de “la isla de la calma”. Esta identidad singular hace que la isla sea más rentable para el capital que busca la diferenciación socio-espacial en tiempos postfordistas.
M. Magdalena Brotons Capó; Ivan Murria-Mas; Macia Blázquez-Salom. Viaje de ida y vuelta, al mito. La contribución del cine a la formación de la iconografía turística de Mallorca. Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense 2016, 36, 203-236 .
AMA StyleM. Magdalena Brotons Capó, Ivan Murria-Mas, Macia Blázquez-Salom. Viaje de ida y vuelta, al mito. La contribución del cine a la formación de la iconografía turística de Mallorca. Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense. 2016; 36 (2):203-236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Magdalena Brotons Capó; Ivan Murria-Mas; Macia Blázquez-Salom. 2016. "Viaje de ida y vuelta, al mito. La contribución del cine a la formación de la iconografía turística de Mallorca." Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense 36, no. 2: 203-236.
This paper presents interdisciplinary research based on in-depth, comparative analysis of water consumption and land use patterns over a range of urban-tourist forms in Mallorca. The changing tourism patterns towards residential and quality tourism are studied, on the basis that capital investment for capital accumulation and increasing gains are its main drivers. Social awareness about overcrowding and resource limitations has moved the regulatory planning framework toward allowing further urban sprawl, based on the alibi of quality tourism. The rhetoric of this framework represents a first sustainability fix, a fix that hides the higher water demand and climate change issues. The socio-metabolic dimension of this process is analyzed in relation to how it has resulted in an uneven socio-spatial urban landscape of water consumption. This urban-tourist landscape is vulnerable to changes in climate, because it is sustained by an excessive use of water. Water supply is a serious constraint which has been resolved through its commodification and supply privatization, which are considered as a second sustainability fix. This tourism development process worsens rather than solves the metabolic rift, resulting in the second contradiction of capital accumulation between the imperative of continual growth and finite natural resources.
Angela Hof; Macià Blázquez-Salom. Changing tourism patterns, capital accumulation, and urban water consumption in Mallorca, Spain: a sustainability fix? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2015, 23, 770 -796.
AMA StyleAngela Hof, Macià Blázquez-Salom. Changing tourism patterns, capital accumulation, and urban water consumption in Mallorca, Spain: a sustainability fix? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2015; 23 (5):770-796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Hof; Macià Blázquez-Salom. 2015. "Changing tourism patterns, capital accumulation, and urban water consumption in Mallorca, Spain: a sustainability fix?" Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23, no. 5: 770-796.
Macià Blázquez Salom; Antonio Alberto Artigues Bonet; Ismael Yrigoy Cadena. Crisis y planificación territorial turística neoliberal en las Islas Baleares. Investigaciones Turísticas 2015, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleMacià Blázquez Salom, Antonio Alberto Artigues Bonet, Ismael Yrigoy Cadena. Crisis y planificación territorial turística neoliberal en las Islas Baleares. Investigaciones Turísticas. 2015; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacià Blázquez Salom; Antonio Alberto Artigues Bonet; Ismael Yrigoy Cadena. 2015. "Crisis y planificación territorial turística neoliberal en las Islas Baleares." Investigaciones Turísticas 9, no. : 1.
Les écoystèmes fragiles, sur le plan environnemental et social, que sont les îles intensivement touristifiées ont fait l’objet d’expériences d’auto-contrôle de la croissance au moyen d’alliances d’intérêts. Leur mise en œuvre a eu tendance à devenir dominante aux Baléares entre 1984 et 2008 (Rullan, 2010). Mais la crise qui débuta en 2008 a entraîné une redéfinition des alliances, en faveur des intérêts d’un marché autorégulé. La crise actuelle est combattue au moyen de politiques néolibérales de déréglementation et de limitation du rôle de l’Etat, ce qui implique aussi l’assouplissement de la planification urbano-touristique. Il en résulte une recherche de croissance à n’importe quel prix (Peck, Theodore et Brenner, 2010). De semblables tensions ont été identifiées lors de crises précédentes, en particulier l’analyse de la crise 1929 par Karl Polanyi (2001). Dans ce contexte, nous nous proposons d’analyser l’alliance d’intérêts qui a généré les politiques d’autocontrôle de la croissance touristico-immobilière, le changement de tendance occasionné par la crise avec le rôle principal des intérêts urbanistico-touristiques des chaînes hôtelières, quelques conséquences négatives des mesures d’assouplissement socio-environnemental et le maintien de résistances citoyennes.
Macia Blázquez-Salom. Un bras de fer sur la décroissance urbano-touristique. Via Tourism Review 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleMacia Blázquez-Salom. Un bras de fer sur la décroissance urbano-touristique. Via Tourism Review. 2014; (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacia Blázquez-Salom. 2014. "Un bras de fer sur la décroissance urbano-touristique." Via Tourism Review , no. 6: 1.