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Amendments with vermicomposts can reduce the incidence of pests. In this study, earthworms were fed different foods to produce four vermicomposts. A pot experiment was then conducted to assess different vermicomposts’ effects on soil fertility, and the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant capacity of Brassica chinensis L., and on the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed that the characteristics of vermicomposts are mainly affected by food supplements, and that the application of vermicomposts can improve soil fertility, whereas increasing the soil and leaf sulfur content can decrease the relative growth rate of S. litura larvae. However, there were no significant differences in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), nor the DPPH free radical scavenging ability under the different treatments.
Chang-Jun Fong; Yi-Yuan Chuang; Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Amendment with Various Vermicomposts on the Soil Fertility, Growth of Brassica chinensis L., and Resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9441 .
AMA StyleChang-Jun Fong, Yi-Yuan Chuang, Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Amendment with Various Vermicomposts on the Soil Fertility, Growth of Brassica chinensis L., and Resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Jun Fong; Yi-Yuan Chuang; Hung-Yu Lai. 2021. "Effects of Amendment with Various Vermicomposts on the Soil Fertility, Growth of Brassica chinensis L., and Resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9441.
(1) Background: Trace metal (TM) contamination of farmland soil in Taiwan occurs because factories dump wastewater into irrigation ditches. Since vermicompost affects the bioavailability of TMs, the objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on the accumulation of growth of TMs in leafy vegetables. (2) Methods: Two TM-contaminated soils and different types of pak choi and lettuce were used and amended with vermicompost. Besides soil properties, the study assessed vermicompost’s influence on the growth, accumulation, and chemical forms of TMs and on the health risks posed by oral intake. (3) Results: Vermicompost could increase the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium, thus promoting the growth of leafy vegetables. The accumulation of four TMs in crops under vermicompost was reduced compared to the control, especially for the concentration of cadmium, which decreased by 60–75%. The vermicompost’s influence on changing the chemical form of TMs depended on the TM concentrations, type of TM, and crop species; moreover, blanching effectively reduced the concentrations of TMs in high-mobility chemical forms. Although vermicompost mostly reduced the amount of cadmium consumed via oral intake, cadmium still posed the highest health risk compared to the other three TMs.
Yu-Shan Yen; Kuei-San Chen; Hsin-Yi Yang; Hung-Yu Lai. Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on the Accumulation and Chemical Forms of Trace Metals in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6619 .
AMA StyleYu-Shan Yen, Kuei-San Chen, Hsin-Yi Yang, Hung-Yu Lai. Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on the Accumulation and Chemical Forms of Trace Metals in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Shan Yen; Kuei-San Chen; Hsin-Yi Yang; Hung-Yu Lai. 2021. "Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on the Accumulation and Chemical Forms of Trace Metals in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6619.
In this study, the water quality of the irrigation system and concentration of trace metals in the sediments were combined to establish a farmland trace metal contamination and management model (FTM_CMM). The purpose of this model was to clarify the main sources of the trace metals that have caused the contamination of paddy soil in central Taiwan. The results of the model simulation showed that the trace metals in the paddy soil mainly came from the irrigation water and especially from the sediments in the irrigation channels. The contribution of the sediments in the irrigation channel to the individual trace metals in the paddy soil ranged from 56% to 72% as the contributions for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were 72%, 68%, 56%, and 62%, respectively. The trace metal species according to their concentration in the contaminated soil ranked in the order of Zn > Cr ≈ Cu > Ni, which is about the same as in the channel sediment. During the simulation process, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn exceeded the control standards for farmlands in the 18th, 12th, 13th, and 17th years, respectively. This highlights that, in addition to the management of irrigation water quality, the management of trace metal contaminated sediment in adjacent canal irrigation systems is also an important part of the prevention of trace metal contamination in farmland.
Hsin-Yi Yang; Sheng-Kung Chen; Jiun-Shiuan Wang; Chih-Jen Lu; Hung-Yu Lai. Farmland Trace Metal Contamination and Management Model—Model Development and a Case Study in Central Taiwan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10066 .
AMA StyleHsin-Yi Yang, Sheng-Kung Chen, Jiun-Shiuan Wang, Chih-Jen Lu, Hung-Yu Lai. Farmland Trace Metal Contamination and Management Model—Model Development and a Case Study in Central Taiwan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Yi Yang; Sheng-Kung Chen; Jiun-Shiuan Wang; Chih-Jen Lu; Hung-Yu Lai. 2020. "Farmland Trace Metal Contamination and Management Model—Model Development and a Case Study in Central Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10066.
The soil properties, climate, type of management, and fermentation process critically affect the productivity and quality of tea. In this study, tender tea leaves were collected from central Taiwan, and organic components in their infusions as well as physical and chemical soil properties differentiated using aerial photographs where good (G) and bad (B) growth exhibitions were determined. Eleven physical and chemical soil properties as well as five compounds in tea infusions were analyzed to determine the main factor that affects the growth of these tea trees. The Fleiss’ kappa statistic results revealed that the wet aggregate stability, pH, and exchangeable potassium content exhibit the most significant effect, with scores of 0.86, 0.64, and 0.62, respectively. Soil quality calculated using the mean weight diameter based on 11 soil properties revealed that ~67% of the total score of G is greater than that of B. Generally, contents of total polyphenols (51.67%) and catechins (51.76%) in the infusions of B were greater than those of G. In addition, significant positive correlations between the free amino acids content and soil properties, including pH and copper content, were observed. However, a negative correlation between the free amino acids and flavone contents and most of the soil properties was observed. The survey data set obtained from this study can provide useful information for the improved management of tea plantations.
Prapasiri Tongsiri; Wen-Yu Tseng; Yuan Shen; Hung-Yu Lai. Comparison of Soil Properties and Organic Components in Infusions According to Different Aerial Appearances of Tea Plantations in Central Taiwan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4384 .
AMA StylePrapasiri Tongsiri, Wen-Yu Tseng, Yuan Shen, Hung-Yu Lai. Comparison of Soil Properties and Organic Components in Infusions According to Different Aerial Appearances of Tea Plantations in Central Taiwan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4384.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrapasiri Tongsiri; Wen-Yu Tseng; Yuan Shen; Hung-Yu Lai. 2020. "Comparison of Soil Properties and Organic Components in Infusions According to Different Aerial Appearances of Tea Plantations in Central Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4384.
Soil is the foundation for plant growth, animal habitats, and human society; however, there are few people focus on the soil nowadays. Soil courses are limited in the current curriculum education of elementary and high schools in Taiwan. The soil exhibition tour was thus conducted and its main objective is to improve the understanding of soil resources and its importance on social human beings and environmental quality, especially for school students. The lessons about soil science and the new expression of art combined with the environment were prepared to convey. Graduate students firstly guided children to the school’s cropland on their campus and sampled soil by auger. Then they taught children how to describe the soil color via Munsell soil color charts, structure, consistence, and to determine textural class by feel method while going on a soil survey out of the classroom. Another topic, since the soil color was determined by developing processes and environmental conditions, it would be several kinds of hue. We collected soil samples from different counties in Taiwan. Teaching children doing the watercolor made of soil themselves and drawing the postcards, which shows the major soil characteristics, such as, textural triangle, six ecological functions, and soil profile on the cover following. The detail of the activities can be adjusted according to the population and the age of the participants; hence it’s suitable for general adults or students in the elementary and high schools.
Hung-Yu Lai; Wen-Yu Tseng; Yu-Shan Yen; Kuei-San Chen; Chang-Jun Fong. Soil Education for General Public and School Students in Taiwan. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Wen-Yu Tseng, Yu-Shan Yen, Kuei-San Chen, Chang-Jun Fong. Soil Education for General Public and School Students in Taiwan. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Wen-Yu Tseng; Yu-Shan Yen; Kuei-San Chen; Chang-Jun Fong. 2020. "Soil Education for General Public and School Students in Taiwan." , no. : 1.
(1) Background: Cadmium (Cd) accumulated in vegetables not only affects their growth but can also enter the human body via food chains and lead to various illnesses. Plants can decrease the toxicity by changing the chemical forms of Cd, which include inorganic (FE), water-soluble (FW), pectate- and protein-integrated (FNaCl), undissolved phosphate (FHAc), oxalate (FHCl), and residual forms (FR). Among them, FE and FW chemical forms show higher mobility to translocate upward from roots to shoots compared with the others. (2) Methods: Different varieties or cultivars of lettuce and pak-choi were grown in Cd-contaminated soils amended with husk biochar (BC) to replenish nitrogen to the recommended amount and also to raise the soil pH value. (3) Results: More than 73% of the accumulated Cd in the edible organs was compartmentalized in FE chemical form in both leafy vegetables regardless of treatments. In comparison with control, the application of BC decreased the Cd concentrations and bioconcentration factors in the roots and shoots of two leafy vegetables at different growth periods in general. The chemical form and bioaccessible fraction of Cd in the edible blanching tissues were used to calculate the risk of oral intake. The vegetable-induced hazard quotients of lettuce and pak-choi were acceptable, except for pak-choi grown in control without applying BC.
Kuei-San Chen; Chun-Yu Pai; Hung-Yu Lai. Amendment of Husk Biochar on Accumulation and Chemical Form of Cadmium in Lettuce and Pak-Choi Grown in Contaminated Soil. Water 2020, 12, 868 .
AMA StyleKuei-San Chen, Chun-Yu Pai, Hung-Yu Lai. Amendment of Husk Biochar on Accumulation and Chemical Form of Cadmium in Lettuce and Pak-Choi Grown in Contaminated Soil. Water. 2020; 12 (3):868.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuei-San Chen; Chun-Yu Pai; Hung-Yu Lai. 2020. "Amendment of Husk Biochar on Accumulation and Chemical Form of Cadmium in Lettuce and Pak-Choi Grown in Contaminated Soil." Water 12, no. 3: 868.
(1) Background: Even in croplands with a low concentration of cadmium (Cd), there is still a risk for planting crops because of the high accumulation capacity of some leafy vegetables. (2) Methods: In this study, water spinach was planted in four main soil series (Wa, Eh, Tk, and Yu) in central Taiwan, which were spiked with Cd. The soil available phosphorous content was increased to 10–17 mg/kg, and the accumulation and developed chemical forms of Cd were analyzed. (3) Results: The experimental results showed that addition of phosphorous to Wa and Eh promoted the growth of water spinach. Accumulation and upward translocation of Cd were also increased in the phosphorus treatment compared with the control. The addition of phosphorus increased the percentage of Cd compartmentalized in undissolved Cd phosphate, which revealed that the mobility and toxicity of Cd were reduced in the phosphorus treatment. However, most of the water spinach was not edible because the vegetable-induced hazard quotient, which was calculated using three methods, showed hazardous potential in general.
Chun-Ming Lam; Kuei-San Chen; Hung-Yu Lai; Lam; Chen; Lai. Chemical Forms and Health Risk of Cadmium in Water Spinach Grown in Contaminated Soil with an Increased Level of Phosphorus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3322 .
AMA StyleChun-Ming Lam, Kuei-San Chen, Hung-Yu Lai, Lam, Chen, Lai. Chemical Forms and Health Risk of Cadmium in Water Spinach Grown in Contaminated Soil with an Increased Level of Phosphorus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Ming Lam; Kuei-San Chen; Hung-Yu Lai; Lam; Chen; Lai. 2019. "Chemical Forms and Health Risk of Cadmium in Water Spinach Grown in Contaminated Soil with an Increased Level of Phosphorus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3322.
Poultry-litter biochars (PLBs), which were prepared at two pyrolytic temperatures, were applied to the soils of croplands with four consecutive harvests of water spinach to assess the effects of PLBs on the soil properties and the growth of water spinach. The results show that PLB amendment resulted in an increase of soil pH. The electrical conductivity values, and the concentrations of extractable inorganic nitrogen, exchangeable potassium, and available phosphorus in the soils drastically increased in the 0.5% and 1% biochar-amended soils. However, most of the significant changes due to PLB amendment disappeared after four consecutive harvests of water spinach. The growth of water spinach was enhanced in the soils amended with PLBs, especially the one prepared at 350 °C. Nonetheless, the application of 1% PLBs to the soil resulted in an imbalance between calcium and magnesium in water spinach.
Chun-Hui Yu; Shan-Li Wang; Prapasiri Tongsiri; Mei-Ping Cheng; Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Poultry-Litter Biochar on Soil Properties and Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). Sustainability 2018, 10, 2536 .
AMA StyleChun-Hui Yu, Shan-Li Wang, Prapasiri Tongsiri, Mei-Ping Cheng, Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Poultry-Litter Biochar on Soil Properties and Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Hui Yu; Shan-Li Wang; Prapasiri Tongsiri; Mei-Ping Cheng; Hung-Yu Lai. 2018. "Effects of Poultry-Litter Biochar on Soil Properties and Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2536.
A plant's tolerance to heavy metals (HMs) and its detoxification mechanisms are associated with the subcellular distribution of HMs and their chemical forms. In this study, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) was grown in two soils contaminated with a single HM (cadmium, Cd) or combined HMs (Cd and nickel, Ni). Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi (AMF) was conducted to increase the accumulation of phosphorus (P) in plants. One major exception was to decrease the migration and accumulation of HMs in edible parts by the formation of P-HM complexes. The effects of blanching and simulated digestion on bioaccessibility were also assessed. The experimental results showed that the water spinach species used in this study had a high capacity to accumulate HMs. AMF treatment improved water spinach growth and decreased the accumulation of Ni but not that of Cd. Soluble and inorganic Cd and Ni were the major subcellular fractions and chemical forms in water spinach; these two HMs also exhibited higher migration capacities in comparison to chromium (Cr). Relative to raw tissues, 45–84% of Cd, Cr, and Ni were leached after blanching. Approximately 32–55%, 16–50%, and 27–40% of Cd, Cr, and Ni, respectively, were bioaccessible and could be metabolized by in vitro digestive fluids.
Chun-Ming Lam; Hung-Yu Lai. Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and blanching on the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 162, 563 -570.
AMA StyleChun-Ming Lam, Hung-Yu Lai. Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and blanching on the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 162 ():563-570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Ming Lam; Hung-Yu Lai. 2018. "Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and blanching on the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 162, no. : 563-570.
The different soil remediation technologies, soil amendments, and soil water managements of cadmium- and arsenic-contaminated rice-growing soils are growing concerns in the past two decades in Taiwan because of its importance in food safety of brown rice. There were at least four in situ field experiments conducted to assess the phytoremediation capacity selected from more than 40 indigenous plants. Some of the tested plants were strongly recommended as high potential phytoremediation species which could grow well in the contaminated sites and removed considerable amounts of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) of contaminated soils. In order to understand the detoxification and tolerance mechanisms of these plants, the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in the various organs of plant were investigated. Besides phytoremediation, soil amendments and soil water managements were carried out to reduce the uptake of Cd or As by wheat and rice varieties. The studies indicated that the application of lime materials can significantly decrease the bioavailability, uptake, and accumulation of Cd in the wheat or brown rice. Total As concentration of brown rice can be significantly decreased by soil water drainage before flowering stage and also for water saturated treatment for poor-drained soils. The dimethyl arsenic (DMA) concentration of brown rice grown in the acidic, clayey and high iron oxide soils which provided low As mobility in soil was much higher than those of neutral, moderate soil textured and low iron oxide As-contaminated soils. The human health risks of brown rice produced in As-contaminated soils are evaluated as the maximum level of 0.2 mg/kg for inorganic As (As(III)) in the polished rice, but not for organic As (DMA) or total As in brown rice.
Hung-Yu Lai; Chia-Hsing Lee; Zueng-Sang Chen. Taiwan’s Experiences on Soil Amendments, Phytoremediation, and Soil Water Managements for the Cadmium- and Arsenic-Contaminated Soils. Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China 2018, 441 -451.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Chia-Hsing Lee, Zueng-Sang Chen. Taiwan’s Experiences on Soil Amendments, Phytoremediation, and Soil Water Managements for the Cadmium- and Arsenic-Contaminated Soils. Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China. 2018; ():441-451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Chia-Hsing Lee; Zueng-Sang Chen. 2018. "Taiwan’s Experiences on Soil Amendments, Phytoremediation, and Soil Water Managements for the Cadmium- and Arsenic-Contaminated Soils." Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China , no. : 441-451.
Hung-Yu Lai; Yi-Chen Lin; You-Sheng Wang; Bo-Wei Fu. Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Soils by Multiple Washing with Iron (III) Chloride. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 2016, 25, 624 -636.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Yi-Chen Lin, You-Sheng Wang, Bo-Wei Fu. Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Soils by Multiple Washing with Iron (III) Chloride. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal. 2016; 25 (6):624-636.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Yi-Chen Lin; You-Sheng Wang; Bo-Wei Fu. 2016. "Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Soils by Multiple Washing with Iron (III) Chloride." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 25, no. 6: 624-636.
Impatiens walleriana (I. walleriana), a potential cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator, can propagate by cuttings, which are less expensive to grow than seedlings. Different growth periods for cuttings, however, may lead to different physiological characteristics. In this study, I. walleriana cuttings were hydroponically grown in Cd-containing solutions (1.0–10.0 μM) for various growth periods (10–60 days). Experimental results showed that the Cd treatments had negative effects on growth compared to the controls that were not spiked with Cd. The extension of the growth period promoted most of the growth exhibitions of I. walleriana, except for SPAD readings for cuttings grown in the 5.0 and 10.0 μM solutions. The accumulation of Cd also increased over time, except in the roots of the cuttings grown in the 5.0 and 10.0 μM solutions. The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd showed that I. walleriana developed better tolerance and detoxification capacities in the cuttings grown in the 5.0 and 10.0 μM solutions than in the cuttings grown in the other two Cd treatments.
Hung-Yu Lai; Chun-Ming Lam; Wei-Zhe Wang; Ya-Jhu Ji. Cadmium Uptake by Cuttings of Impatiens walleriana in Response to Different Cadmium Concentrations and Growth Periods. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2016, 98, 317 -322.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Chun-Ming Lam, Wei-Zhe Wang, Ya-Jhu Ji. Cadmium Uptake by Cuttings of Impatiens walleriana in Response to Different Cadmium Concentrations and Growth Periods. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2016; 98 (3):317-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Chun-Ming Lam; Wei-Zhe Wang; Ya-Jhu Ji. 2016. "Cadmium Uptake by Cuttings of Impatiens walleriana in Response to Different Cadmium Concentrations and Growth Periods." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 98, no. 3: 317-322.
Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) has been shown to be a potential cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator, but its mechanisms in accumulation and detoxification have not been reported. Rooted cuttings of Impatiens were planted in artificially Cd-contaminated soils for 50 days with total target concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg. The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in the different organs were analyzed after the pot experiment. Compared with the control group, various Cd treatments affected the growth exhibitions of Impatiens, but most of them were not statistically significant. The Cd accumulation of different organs increased with an increase in the soil Cd concentrations for most of the treatments, and it was in the decreasing order of root>stem>leaf. In the roots of Impatiens, Cd was mainly compartmentalized in the soluble fraction (Fs), which has a high migration capacity and will further translocate to the shoot. The Cd was mainly compartmentalized in the cell wall fraction (Fcw) in the shoots as a mechanism of tolerance. Most of the Cd in the various organs of Impatiens was mainly in the forms of pectate and protein-integrated (FNaCl), whereas a minor portion was a water soluble fraction (FW). The experimental results show that the Cd in the Fs, FW, and FNaCl in the roots of Impatiens had a high mobility and will further translocate to the shoot. They could be used to estimate the Cd accumulated in the shoots of Impatiens.
Hung-Yu Lai. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana in relation to its phytoextraction potential. Chemosphere 2015, 138, 370 -376.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana in relation to its phytoextraction potential. Chemosphere. 2015; 138 ():370-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai. 2015. "Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana in relation to its phytoextraction potential." Chemosphere 138, no. : 370-376.
Impatiens walleriana plants accumulate sufficiently high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) for this species to be considered a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. Rooted cuttings were grown hydroponically for 25 and 50 days in solutions spiked with various Cd concentrations. The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different organs were analyzed, and its upward translocation was also assessed. The plants accumulated large amounts of Cd; the Cd concentration in the roots and shoots reached 120-1900 and 60-1600 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the growth period, the Cd accumulated in the roots was primarily compartmentalized in the soluble fraction or ethanol and deionized water extractable chemical forms with high migration abilities. Translocation to the shoots was followed by an association of Cd mainly in the cell wall or with pectate and protein. The roots' Cd showed a high migration capacity for predicting the shoots' Cd concentrations. Different exposure periods significantly affected the subcellular distribution of Cd in the stems, and thus the upward translocation.
Hung-Yu Lai; Ming-Cyuan Cai. Effects of extended growth periods on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and the translocation of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2015, 18, 228 -234.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Ming-Cyuan Cai. Effects of extended growth periods on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and the translocation of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2015; 18 (3):228-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Ming-Cyuan Cai. 2015. "Effects of extended growth periods on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and the translocation of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana." International Journal of Phytoremediation 18, no. 3: 228-234.
Biosolids can enrich the contents of organic matter and nutrients in soils, consequently improving the growth of plants. In order to enhance the transpiration rate and therefore the upward movement of Cd from the soil to the shoots of a potential hyperaccumulator, rainbow pink (Dianthus chinensis), different amounts of biosolid were applied to potted Cd-contaminated soils, and their effects on the leaf area were assessed. Experimental results show that the dry weight of rainbow pink was not significantly affected by the treatments of Cd and biosolid. However, the leaf area and transpiration rate in the biosolid treatments significantly increased compared with the control. There was also a linear relationship between the leaf area and the transpiration rate.
Hung-Yu Lai; Bo-Ching Chen; Zueng-Sang Chen. Effects of Biosolids on the Transpiration Rate of Rainbow Pink (Dianthus chinensis) Grown in Cadmium-Contaminated Soils. Phytoremediation 2015, 191 -197.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai, Bo-Ching Chen, Zueng-Sang Chen. Effects of Biosolids on the Transpiration Rate of Rainbow Pink (Dianthus chinensis) Grown in Cadmium-Contaminated Soils. Phytoremediation. 2015; ():191-197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai; Bo-Ching Chen; Zueng-Sang Chen. 2015. "Effects of Biosolids on the Transpiration Rate of Rainbow Pink (Dianthus chinensis) Grown in Cadmium-Contaminated Soils." Phytoremediation , no. : 191-197.
The efficiency of phytoextraction is limited because of the low growth exhibited by plants under the stress of heavy metals. Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) cuttings were grown in soils artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and modified with chemical fertilizer to study the relationship among the leaf area, transpiration rate, and Cd accumulation. The subcellular distribution of Cd in various impatiens organs was also measured. Experimental results showed that there were positive, linear relationships between the leaf area and the transpiration rate. A similar relationship was found between the transpiration rate and the Cd accumulation in the shoots. Suitable management practices can be conducted to increase the transpiration rate and thus the plant’s phytoextraction efficiency. In the roots and leaves, Cd was mainly compartmentalized in the soluble fraction and the cell wall fraction, respectively. The varied subcellular distribution of Cd in the different organs was responsible for the high accumulation capacity.
Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Leaf Area and Transpiration Rate on Accumulation and Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Impatiens walleriana. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2014, 226, 1 -10.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai. Effects of Leaf Area and Transpiration Rate on Accumulation and Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Impatiens walleriana. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2014; 226 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai. 2014. "Effects of Leaf Area and Transpiration Rate on Accumulation and Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Impatiens walleriana." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 226, no. 1: 1-10.
Due to the low phytoavailability of some heavy metals (HMs), a prolonged period is required when phytoextraction is used to remove these HMs from contaminated soils. The use of chelants and other chemical compounds are often used to increase the phytoavailability of the HMs for plant uptake. Negative effects of chemical agents on the soil and groundwater have rarely been reported during chemical-enhanced phytoextraction. This research applied chelants to various soil series with different characteristics to assess their impacts on soil quality. The experimental results showed that the application of 5 mmol kg−1 of all chelants had a negative effect on the soil quality. This was especially true for electrical conductivity (EC) when diethylene trinitrilo pentaacetic acid (DTPA) was used as the chemical extracting agent.
Hung-Yu Lai. Negative Effects of Chelants on Soil Qualities of Five Soil Series. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2014, 17, 228 -234.
AMA StyleHung-Yu Lai. Negative Effects of Chelants on Soil Qualities of Five Soil Series. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2014; 17 (3):228-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Yu Lai. 2014. "Negative Effects of Chelants on Soil Qualities of Five Soil Series." International Journal of Phytoremediation 17, no. 3: 228-234.
The phytotoxic effects of excess copper (Cu) on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. var. Kyoho) were examined, both from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, by using a fifteen-day hydroponic experiments. The influence of magnesium (Mg) on Cu phytotoxicity to, and accumulation and translocation in grapevines was also observed. For phytotoxicity effect, results showed that a relative low median growth inhibition level of Cu was found for grapevine roots (0.809-3.671μM). Moreover, Cu toxicity was significantly alleviated by Mg treatment at Mg(2+) activity between 0.15 and 2.01mM. For accumulation and translocation effects, results indicated that competition for binding sites between Cu and Mg occurred for roots; however, Mg and Cu levels in stems and leaves were not affected by solution metals concentration. At Cu concentration less than 1μM, the translocation of Cu was decreased significantly for the highest Mg treatment; at Cu concentrations greater than 5μM, no obvious change was observed in leaf TF value between Mg treatments, while an increasing trend of stem TF value was observed with increasing Mg. These results suggest that the toxic effect resulted from metals depend not only on the competition of coexistent cations for plasma membrane surface, but also on the transport and distribution of toxic metals in physiological active sites in plants.
Kai-Wei Juang; Yung-I Lee; Hung-Yu Lai; Bo-Ching Chen. Influence of magnesium on copper phytotoxicity to and accumulation and translocation in grapevines. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2014, 104, 36 -42.
AMA StyleKai-Wei Juang, Yung-I Lee, Hung-Yu Lai, Bo-Ching Chen. Influence of magnesium on copper phytotoxicity to and accumulation and translocation in grapevines. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2014; 104 ():36-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai-Wei Juang; Yung-I Lee; Hung-Yu Lai; Bo-Ching Chen. 2014. "Influence of magnesium on copper phytotoxicity to and accumulation and translocation in grapevines." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 104, no. : 36-42.
Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development; however, due to environmental pollution, high nitrate concentrations accumulate in the edible parts of these leafy vegetables, particularly if excessive nitrogen fertilizer has been applied. Consuming these crops can harm human health; thus, developing a suitable strategy for the agricultural application of nitrogen fertilizer is important. Organic, inorganic, and liquid fertilizers were utilized in this study to investigate their effect on nitrate concentrations and lettuce growth. The results of this pot experiment show that the total nitrogen concentration in soil and the nitrate concentration in lettuce increased as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased. If the recommended amount of inorganic fertilizer (200 kg·N·ha−1) is used as a standard of comparison, lettuce augmented with organic fertilizers (200 kg·N·ha−1) have significantly longer and wider leaves, higher shoot, and lower concentrations of nitrate.
Cheng-Wei Liu; Yu Sung; Bo-Ching Chen; Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 4427 -4440.
AMA StyleCheng-Wei Liu, Yu Sung, Bo-Ching Chen, Hung-Yu Lai. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (4):4427-4440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng-Wei Liu; Yu Sung; Bo-Ching Chen; Hung-Yu Lai. 2014. "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 4: 4427-4440.
Arsenic contamination in a large area of agricultural fields on the Guandu Plain of northern Taiwan was confirmed in a survey conducted in 2006, but research concerning the relationship between bioavailable As concentrations in contaminated soils and crop production in Taiwan is not available. Pot experiments were conducted to examine the growth and accumulation of As in four vegetable crops grown in As-contaminated soils and to assess As intake through consumption. The phytotoxic effects of As in soils were not shown in the pot experiments in which vegetable crops were grown in soils contaminated with different As levels in situ collected from Guandu Plain (120–460 mg/kg) or artificially spiked As-contaminated soils (50–170 mg/kg). Experimental results showed that the bioavailable As extracted with 0.5M NaHCO3 from soils can be used to estimate As concentrations in vegetables. The As concentrations in the vegetables were compared with data shown in the literature and As limits calculated from drinking water standards and the provisional tolerance weekly intake (PTWI) of inorganic As established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Although the As levels in the vegetables were not high and the bioavailability of As in the soils was quite low, long-term consumption may result in higher As intake in the human body.
Shaw-Wei Su; Chun-Chih Tsui; Hung-Yu Lai; Zueng-Sang Chen. Food Safety and Bioavailability Evaluations of Four Vegetables Grown in the Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Soils on the Guandu Plain of Northern Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 4091 -4107.
AMA StyleShaw-Wei Su, Chun-Chih Tsui, Hung-Yu Lai, Zueng-Sang Chen. Food Safety and Bioavailability Evaluations of Four Vegetables Grown in the Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Soils on the Guandu Plain of Northern Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (4):4091-4107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaw-Wei Su; Chun-Chih Tsui; Hung-Yu Lai; Zueng-Sang Chen. 2014. "Food Safety and Bioavailability Evaluations of Four Vegetables Grown in the Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Soils on the Guandu Plain of Northern Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 4: 4091-4107.