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In natural environments, plants develop adaptive mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels to cope with many external factors, e.g., insects and soil pathogens. We studied physiological stress induced by different levels of foliage removal (defoliation 30% and 60%) and by infection of root rot pathogen Phytophthora plurivora on the common Polish tree species, Betula pendula, grown in an open greenhouse. This study showed that P. plurivora damaged the root system which negatively impacted all morphological parameters. However the loss of 30% of the leaves had a positive effect on defense responses. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters indicated a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency in defoliated plants, but plants inoculated with the pathogen had a higher performance index showing increased vigor of the infected plant than birches. The study demonstrated the intense immunity response of birch to P. plurivora through the expression of Hsp90 and Hsp83 genes. The trees weakened by P. plurivora became more susceptible to infection by Erysiphe ornata var. ornata.
Daria Berezovska; Tomasz Oszako; Tadeusz Malewski; Marcin Stocki; Aleh Marozau; Natalia Stocka; Warren Moser; Larry Baggett; Lassaad Belbahri; Justyna Nowakowska. Effect of Defoliation on the Defense Reactions of Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Infected with Phytophthora plurivora. Forests 2021, 12, 910 .
AMA StyleDaria Berezovska, Tomasz Oszako, Tadeusz Malewski, Marcin Stocki, Aleh Marozau, Natalia Stocka, Warren Moser, Larry Baggett, Lassaad Belbahri, Justyna Nowakowska. Effect of Defoliation on the Defense Reactions of Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Infected with Phytophthora plurivora. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaria Berezovska; Tomasz Oszako; Tadeusz Malewski; Marcin Stocki; Aleh Marozau; Natalia Stocka; Warren Moser; Larry Baggett; Lassaad Belbahri; Justyna Nowakowska. 2021. "Effect of Defoliation on the Defense Reactions of Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Infected with Phytophthora plurivora." Forests 12, no. 7: 910.
Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination.
Houda Ben Slama; Ali Chenari Bouket; Zeinab Pourhassan; Faizah N. Alenezi; Allaoua Silini; Hafsa Cherif-Silini; Tomasz Oszako; Lenka Luptakova; Patrycja Golińska; Lassaad Belbahri. Diversity of Synthetic Dyes from Textile Industries, Discharge Impacts and Treatment Methods. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6255 .
AMA StyleHouda Ben Slama, Ali Chenari Bouket, Zeinab Pourhassan, Faizah N. Alenezi, Allaoua Silini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Tomasz Oszako, Lenka Luptakova, Patrycja Golińska, Lassaad Belbahri. Diversity of Synthetic Dyes from Textile Industries, Discharge Impacts and Treatment Methods. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHouda Ben Slama; Ali Chenari Bouket; Zeinab Pourhassan; Faizah N. Alenezi; Allaoua Silini; Hafsa Cherif-Silini; Tomasz Oszako; Lenka Luptakova; Patrycja Golińska; Lassaad Belbahri. 2021. "Diversity of Synthetic Dyes from Textile Industries, Discharge Impacts and Treatment Methods." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6255.
Diverse vegetable oils are extracted from oleagenic trees and plants all over the world. In particular, olive oil represents a strategic socio-economic branch in the Mediterranean countries. These countries use either two or three-phase olive oil extraction systems. In this work, we focus on the by-products from three-phase olive oil extraction, which are the liquid olive mill wastewater (OMW) and the solid olive mill pomace (OMP) rejected in evaporative ponds. The disposal of this recalcitrant waste poses environmental problems such as the death of different species of insects and animals. In-depth ICP-OES analysis of the heavy metal composition of OMW and OMP revealed the presence of many metals ranging from non-toxic to highly toxic. The LC-HRMS characterization of these by-products indicated the presence of several secondary metabolites harmful to humans or to the environment. Thus, we aimed to identify OMW and OMP indigenous microbiota through metagenomics. The bacterial population was dominated by the Acetobacter (49.7%), Gluconobacter (17.3%), Gortzia (13.7%) and Nardonalla (5.3%) genera. The most abundant fungal genera were Nakazawaea, Saccharomyces, Lachancea and Candida. These microbial genera are responsible for OMW, OMP and soil toxicity alleviation.
Houda Ben Slama; Ali Chenari Bouket; Faizah N. Alenezi; Ameur Khardani; Lenka Luptakova; Armelle Vallat; Tomasz Oszako; Mostafa E. Rateb; Lassaad Belbahri. Olive Mill and Olive Pomace Evaporation Pond’s By-Products: Toxic Level Determination and Role of Indigenous Microbiota in Toxicity Alleviation. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5131 .
AMA StyleHouda Ben Slama, Ali Chenari Bouket, Faizah N. Alenezi, Ameur Khardani, Lenka Luptakova, Armelle Vallat, Tomasz Oszako, Mostafa E. Rateb, Lassaad Belbahri. Olive Mill and Olive Pomace Evaporation Pond’s By-Products: Toxic Level Determination and Role of Indigenous Microbiota in Toxicity Alleviation. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHouda Ben Slama; Ali Chenari Bouket; Faizah N. Alenezi; Ameur Khardani; Lenka Luptakova; Armelle Vallat; Tomasz Oszako; Mostafa E. Rateb; Lassaad Belbahri. 2021. "Olive Mill and Olive Pomace Evaporation Pond’s By-Products: Toxic Level Determination and Role of Indigenous Microbiota in Toxicity Alleviation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5131.
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been the target of intensive research studies toward their efficient use in the field as biofertilizers, biocontrol, and bioremediation agents among numerous other applications. Recent trends in the field of PGPB research led to the development of versatile multifaceted PGPB that can be used in different field conditions such as biocontrol of plant pathogens in metal contaminated soils. Unfortunately, all these research efforts lead to the development of PGPB that failed to perform in salty environments. Therefore, it is urgently needed to address this drawback of these PGPB toward their efficient performance in salinity context. In this paper we provide a review of state-of-the-art research in the field of PGPB and propose a road map for the development of next generation versatile and multifaceted PGPB that can perform in salinity. Beyond soil desalinization, our study paves the way towards the development of PGPB able to provide services in diverse salty environments such as heavy metal contaminated, or pathogen threatened. Smart development of salinity adapted next generation biofertilizers will inevitably allow for mitigation and alleviation of biotic and abiotic threats to plant productivity in salty environments.
Hafsa Cherif-Silini; Allaoua Silini; Ali Chenari Bouket; Faizah N. Alenezi; Lenka Luptakova; Nawel Bouremani; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Tomasz Oszako; Lassaad Belbahri. Tailoring Next Generation Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms as Versatile Tools beyond Soil Desalinization: A Road Map towards Field Application. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4422 .
AMA StyleHafsa Cherif-Silini, Allaoua Silini, Ali Chenari Bouket, Faizah N. Alenezi, Lenka Luptakova, Nawel Bouremani, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Tomasz Oszako, Lassaad Belbahri. Tailoring Next Generation Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms as Versatile Tools beyond Soil Desalinization: A Road Map towards Field Application. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafsa Cherif-Silini; Allaoua Silini; Ali Chenari Bouket; Faizah N. Alenezi; Lenka Luptakova; Nawel Bouremani; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Tomasz Oszako; Lassaad Belbahri. 2021. "Tailoring Next Generation Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms as Versatile Tools beyond Soil Desalinization: A Road Map towards Field Application." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4422.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease is a global rapidly spreading virus showing very high rates of complications and mortality. Till now, there is no effective specific treatment for the disease. Aloe is a rich source of isolated phytoconstituents that have an enormous range of biological activities. Since there are no available experimental techniques to examine these compounds for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, we employed an in silico approach involving molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation using SARS-CoV-2 essential proteins as main protease and spike protein to identify lead compounds from Aloe that may help in novel drug discovery. Results retrieved from docking and molecular dynamics simulation suggested a number of promising inhibitors from Aloe. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations indicated that compounds 132, 134, and 159 were the best scoring compounds against main protease, while compounds 115, 120, and 131 were the best scoring ones against spike glycoprotein. Compounds 120 and 131 were able to achieve significant stability and binding free energies during molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, the highest scoring compounds were investigated for their pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness. The Aloe compounds are promising active phytoconstituents for drug development for SARS-CoV-2.
Mohamed Abouelela; Hamdy Assaf; Reda Abdelhamid; Ehab Elkhyat; Ahmed Sayed; Tomasz Oszako; Lassaad Belbahri; Ahmed El Zowalaty; Mohamed Abdelkader. Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein Inhibitors from the Genus Aloe: An In Silico Study for Drug Development. Molecules 2021, 26, 1767 .
AMA StyleMohamed Abouelela, Hamdy Assaf, Reda Abdelhamid, Ehab Elkhyat, Ahmed Sayed, Tomasz Oszako, Lassaad Belbahri, Ahmed El Zowalaty, Mohamed Abdelkader. Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein Inhibitors from the Genus Aloe: An In Silico Study for Drug Development. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abouelela; Hamdy Assaf; Reda Abdelhamid; Ehab Elkhyat; Ahmed Sayed; Tomasz Oszako; Lassaad Belbahri; Ahmed El Zowalaty; Mohamed Abdelkader. 2021. "Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein Inhibitors from the Genus Aloe: An In Silico Study for Drug Development." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1767.
Compared with traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, electronic noses are non-invasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents comparative studies of differentiation between odors emitted by two forest pathogens: Pythium and Phytophthora, measured by a low-cost electronic nose. The electronic nose applies six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide sensors. Various features describing shapes of the measurement curves of sensors’ response to the odors’ exposure were extracted and used for building the classification models. As a machine learning algorithm for classification, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and various measures to assess classification models’ performance. Differentiation between Phytophthora and Pythium species has an important practical aspect allowing forest practitioners to take appropriate plant protection. We demonstrate the possibility to recognize and differentiate between the two mentioned species with acceptable accuracy by our low-cost electronic nose.
Piotr Borowik; Leszek Adamowicz; Rafał Tarakowski; Przemysław Wacławik; Tomasz Oszako; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk. Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation Between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora. Sensors 2021, 21, 1326 .
AMA StylePiotr Borowik, Leszek Adamowicz, Rafał Tarakowski, Przemysław Wacławik, Tomasz Oszako, Sławomir Ślusarski, Miłosz Tkaczyk. Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation Between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora. Sensors. 2021; 21 (4):1326.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Borowik; Leszek Adamowicz; Rafał Tarakowski; Przemysław Wacławik; Tomasz Oszako; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk. 2021. "Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation Between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora." Sensors 21, no. 4: 1326.
The acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe panic all over the world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought massive human suffering and major economic disruption and unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 so far. Herbal medicines and purified natural products can provide a rich resource for novel antiviral drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the sterols and triterpenes as potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against numerous types of viruses. Moreover, we compiled from these reviewed compounds a library of 162 sterols and triterpenes that was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active sites of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Interestingly, the results suggested some compounds as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Nourhan Hisham Shady; Khayrya A. Youssif; Ahmed M. Sayed; Lassaad Belbahri; Tomasz Oszako; Hossam M. Hassan; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis. Plants 2020, 10, 41 .
AMA StyleNourhan Hisham Shady, Khayrya A. Youssif, Ahmed M. Sayed, Lassaad Belbahri, Tomasz Oszako, Hossam M. Hassan, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis. Plants. 2020; 10 (1):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNourhan Hisham Shady; Khayrya A. Youssif; Ahmed M. Sayed; Lassaad Belbahri; Tomasz Oszako; Hossam M. Hassan; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. 2020. "Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis." Plants 10, no. 1: 41.
Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (Armillaria gallica, Armillaria ostoyae, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium poae, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma asperellum) and four oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. plurivora, P. ramorum) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of F. poae, R. solani and T. asperellum appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except R. solani) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by P. ramorum, F. poae, T. asperellum and R. solani, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.
Jérémie Loulier; François Lefort; Marcin Stocki; Monika Asztemborska; Rafał Szmigielski; Krzysztof Siwek; Tomasz Grzywacz; Tom Hsiang; Sławomir Ślusarski; Tomasz Oszako; Marcin Klisz; Rafał Tarakowski; Justyna Anna Nowakowska. Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms. Molecules 2020, 25, 5749 .
AMA StyleJérémie Loulier, François Lefort, Marcin Stocki, Monika Asztemborska, Rafał Szmigielski, Krzysztof Siwek, Tomasz Grzywacz, Tom Hsiang, Sławomir Ślusarski, Tomasz Oszako, Marcin Klisz, Rafał Tarakowski, Justyna Anna Nowakowska. Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms. Molecules. 2020; 25 (23):5749.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJérémie Loulier; François Lefort; Marcin Stocki; Monika Asztemborska; Rafał Szmigielski; Krzysztof Siwek; Tomasz Grzywacz; Tom Hsiang; Sławomir Ślusarski; Tomasz Oszako; Marcin Klisz; Rafał Tarakowski; Justyna Anna Nowakowska. 2020. "Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms." Molecules 25, no. 23: 5749.
The protective effects of Trichoderma asperellum IZR D-11 as a biocontrol agent against the powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides infecting leaves of Quercus robur were evaluated for the first time. A strain of Trichoderma had earlier been isolated in Belarus, and was identified in this study as T. asperellum by sequencing of three genomic markers: internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1 alpha and RNA polymerase II subunit 2, with over 99.2% identity to corresponding genomic sequences in GenBank. When applied once in the first year just after onset of powdery mildew disease, T asperellum IZR D-11 reduced disease progression and continued to reduce powdery mildew levels during the following three years. Photosynthetic activity as represented by chlorophyll fluorescence measured in oak seedlings was increased in treated plants, and greater assimilate production was also found. The use of this antagonistic fungus increased the total water content in oak leaves suggesting that T. asperellum IZR D-11 can serve as a preventive measure to reduce energy losses in the process of water transpiration. GC-MS analysis detected 49 volatile compounds in the headspace of pure cultures of T. asperellum. Sesquiterpenes represented mainly by daucene, dauca-4(11),8-diene and isodaucene were the largest group of compounds emitted. We speculate that these volatiles from T. asperellum IZR D-11 may be involved in induced resistance in the plant, but further research is needed. The above results suggest that T. asperellum strain IZR D-11 has potential as a biocontrol agent of oak powdery mildew in forest nurseries.
Tomasz Oszako; Dmitry Voitka; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Anna Linkiewicz; Tom Hsiang; Lassaâd Belbahri; Daria Berezovska; Tadeusz Malewski. Trichoderma asperellum efficiently protects Quercus robur leaves against Erysiphe alphitoides. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2020, 159, 295 -308.
AMA StyleTomasz Oszako, Dmitry Voitka, Marcin Stocki, Natalia Stocka, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Anna Linkiewicz, Tom Hsiang, Lassaâd Belbahri, Daria Berezovska, Tadeusz Malewski. Trichoderma asperellum efficiently protects Quercus robur leaves against Erysiphe alphitoides. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2020; 159 (2):295-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomasz Oszako; Dmitry Voitka; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Anna Linkiewicz; Tom Hsiang; Lassaâd Belbahri; Daria Berezovska; Tadeusz Malewski. 2020. "Trichoderma asperellum efficiently protects Quercus robur leaves against Erysiphe alphitoides." European Journal of Plant Pathology 159, no. 2: 295-308.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact of two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum and Armillaria gallica, on seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) subjected to stress caused by mechanical defoliation, simulating primary insect feeding. This is the first experimental confirmation of silver birch seedling root damage (and in consequence shoot mortality) caused by the additive effect of defoliation stress and P. cactorum inoculation via soil. However, the most severe damage to roots occurred after A. gallica inoculation. One year after treatments, chlorophyll fluorescence measurement, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the photosynthetic activity in leaves, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the birch leaves, and chemical compounds from the roots. The cumulative effect of the two pathogens and partial defoliation reduced photosynthetic activity, suggesting dysfunction of photosystem PSII due to the applied stresses. In summary, it seems that the main differences in photosynthetic performance could be attributed to Armillaria infection. The birch leaves in seedlings exposed to 50% defoliation, and inoculation with P.cactorum and A. gallica, emitted more aromatic carbonyls and alcohols, as well as half as much aliphatic esters, compared to controls. In infected birch roots, the production of phenols, triterpenes, and fatty alcohols increased, but fatty acids decreased. Higher levels of aromatic carbonyls and alcohols in leaves, as well as phenolic compounds in the roots of stressed birches (compared to control) suggest an activation of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk; João Maria Caetano; Mirela Tulik; Tom Hsiang; Tomasz Oszako. Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation. Forests 2020, 11, 1107 .
AMA StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska, Marcin Stocki, Natalia Stocka, Sławomir Ślusarski, Miłosz Tkaczyk, João Maria Caetano, Mirela Tulik, Tom Hsiang, Tomasz Oszako. Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation. Forests. 2020; 11 (10):1107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk; João Maria Caetano; Mirela Tulik; Tom Hsiang; Tomasz Oszako. 2020. "Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation." Forests 11, no. 10: 1107.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact of two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum (as the primary pathogen) and Armillaria gallica (as secondary), on two-year-old seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula) subjected to stress caused by mechanical defoliation simulating primary insect feeding. One year after treatments, the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the photosynthetic activity in leaves, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by birch leaves and chemical compounds from roots. Only the infection of roots by P. cactorum increased photosynthetic rates in the leaves, which may suggest its cryptic development in contrast to fungi. The birch leaves in seedlings exposed to 50% defoliation, inoculation with P. cactorum and A. gallica emitted more aromatic carbonyls and alcohols, as well as half as much aliphatic esters, compared to untreated controls. In infected birch roots, the production of phenols, triterpenes and fatty alcohols increased, but fatty acids decreased. This was the first experimental confirmation of the pathogenicity of P. cactorum on silver birch seedlings in Poland. The most severe damage to roots took place only in the case of two-way or three-way interactions. Higher levels of aromatic carbonyls and alcohols in leaves, as well as phenolic compounds in roots of stressed birches (compared to control) suggest an activation of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk; João Maria Caetano; Mirela Tulik; Tom Hsiang; Tomasz Oszako. Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska, Marcin Stocki, Natalia Stocka, Sławomir Ślusarski, Miłosz Tkaczyk, João Maria Caetano, Mirela Tulik, Tom Hsiang, Tomasz Oszako. Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska; Marcin Stocki; Natalia Stocka; Sławomir Ślusarski; Miłosz Tkaczyk; João Maria Caetano; Mirela Tulik; Tom Hsiang; Tomasz Oszako. 2020. "Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation." , no. : 1.
The aim of this study was to use diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) non-thermal plasma for the disinfection of pine seed surfaces infected with Fusarium oxysporum spores. Artificially infected seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with plasma for the following exposure times: 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 60 s, and subsequently germinated on agar medium in Petri dishes at room temperature for the estimation of seed germination and disinfection effect of plasma treatment. Results of the treated samples were compared to the control samples, which were prepared as follows: seeds uninfected and non-treated with plasma (first control); seeds infected with F. oxysporum and non-treated with plasma (second control); and seeds infected with F. oxysporum, non-treated with plasma, but sterilized with 30% perhydrol (third control). Obtained results indicate that 3 s plasma treatment was an optimal time to inhibit the F. oxysporum growth, and at the same time, increase the seed germination level. In addition, our results are the first to show the practical application of non-thermal plasma in disinfecting infected Scots pine seeds and improving their germination. According to the results of this study, non-thermal plasma can serve as a seed surface disinfectant in the regeneration system of different pine species.
Magdalena Świecimska; Mirela Tulik; Božena Šerá; Patrycja Golińska; Juliána Tomeková; Veronika Medvecká; Helena Bujdáková; Tomasz Oszako; Anna Zahoranová; Michal Šerý. Non-Thermal Plasma Can Be Used in Disinfection of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds Infected with Fusarium oxysporum? Forests 2020, 11, 837 .
AMA StyleMagdalena Świecimska, Mirela Tulik, Božena Šerá, Patrycja Golińska, Juliána Tomeková, Veronika Medvecká, Helena Bujdáková, Tomasz Oszako, Anna Zahoranová, Michal Šerý. Non-Thermal Plasma Can Be Used in Disinfection of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds Infected with Fusarium oxysporum? Forests. 2020; 11 (8):837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Świecimska; Mirela Tulik; Božena Šerá; Patrycja Golińska; Juliána Tomeková; Veronika Medvecká; Helena Bujdáková; Tomasz Oszako; Anna Zahoranová; Michal Šerý. 2020. "Non-Thermal Plasma Can Be Used in Disinfection of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds Infected with Fusarium oxysporum?" Forests 11, no. 8: 837.
Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database (http://bit.do/phytoportal). A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.
Rein Drenkhan; Beccy Ganley; Jorge Martín-García; Petr Vahalík; Kalev Adamson; Katarína Adamčíková; Rodrigo Ahumada; Lior Blank; Helena Bragança; Paolo Capretti; Michelle Cleary; Carolina Cornejo; Kateryna Davydenko; Julio J. Diez; Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Miloň Dvořák; Rasmus Enderle; Gerda Fourie; Margarita Georgieva; Luisa Ghelardini; Jarkko Hantula; Renaud Ioos; Eugenia Iturritxa; Loukas Kanetis; Natalia N. Karpun; András Koltay; Elena Landeras; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Ivan Milenković; Dmitry L. Musolin; Konstantinos Nikolaou; Justyna A. Nowakowska; Nikica Ogris; Funda Oskay; Tomasz Oszako; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Marius Paraschiv; Matias Pasquali; Francesco Pecori; Trond Rafoss; Kristina Raitelaitytė; Rosa Raposo; Cecile Robin; Carlos A. Rodas; Alberto Santini; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Alejandro Solla; Mirkka Soukainen; Nikoleta Soulioti; Emma T. Steenkamp; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Aleksandar Vemić; Anna Maria Vettraino; Michael J. Wingfield; Stephen Woodward; Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros; Martin S. Mullett. Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker. Forests 2020, 11, 724 .
AMA StyleRein Drenkhan, Beccy Ganley, Jorge Martín-García, Petr Vahalík, Kalev Adamson, Katarína Adamčíková, Rodrigo Ahumada, Lior Blank, Helena Bragança, Paolo Capretti, Michelle Cleary, Carolina Cornejo, Kateryna Davydenko, Julio J. Diez, Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi, Miloň Dvořák, Rasmus Enderle, Gerda Fourie, Margarita Georgieva, Luisa Ghelardini, Jarkko Hantula, Renaud Ioos, Eugenia Iturritxa, Loukas Kanetis, Natalia N. Karpun, András Koltay, Elena Landeras, Svetlana Markovskaja, Nebai Mesanza, Ivan Milenković, Dmitry L. Musolin, Konstantinos Nikolaou, Justyna A. Nowakowska, Nikica Ogris, Funda Oskay, Tomasz Oszako, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Marius Paraschiv, Matias Pasquali, Francesco Pecori, Trond Rafoss, Kristina Raitelaitytė, Rosa Raposo, Cecile Robin, Carlos A. Rodas, Alberto Santini, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Alejandro Solla, Mirkka Soukainen, Nikoleta Soulioti, Emma T. Steenkamp, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Aleksandar Vemić, Anna Maria Vettraino, Michael J. Wingfield, Stephen Woodward, Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros, Martin S. Mullett. Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker. Forests. 2020; 11 (7):724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRein Drenkhan; Beccy Ganley; Jorge Martín-García; Petr Vahalík; Kalev Adamson; Katarína Adamčíková; Rodrigo Ahumada; Lior Blank; Helena Bragança; Paolo Capretti; Michelle Cleary; Carolina Cornejo; Kateryna Davydenko; Julio J. Diez; Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Miloň Dvořák; Rasmus Enderle; Gerda Fourie; Margarita Georgieva; Luisa Ghelardini; Jarkko Hantula; Renaud Ioos; Eugenia Iturritxa; Loukas Kanetis; Natalia N. Karpun; András Koltay; Elena Landeras; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Ivan Milenković; Dmitry L. Musolin; Konstantinos Nikolaou; Justyna A. Nowakowska; Nikica Ogris; Funda Oskay; Tomasz Oszako; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Marius Paraschiv; Matias Pasquali; Francesco Pecori; Trond Rafoss; Kristina Raitelaitytė; Rosa Raposo; Cecile Robin; Carlos A. Rodas; Alberto Santini; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Alejandro Solla; Mirkka Soukainen; Nikoleta Soulioti; Emma T. Steenkamp; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Aleksandar Vemić; Anna Maria Vettraino; Michael J. Wingfield; Stephen Woodward; Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros; Martin S. Mullett. 2020. "Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker." Forests 11, no. 7: 724.
A current ongoing unprecedented outbreak of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF) has nearly eliminated Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) as a major forest tree species there, since over 1 million trees have died. In this part of Europe, Norway spruce has grown for hundreds of years, previously accounting for 30% of forest species composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate 47 “Monuments of Nature” of Norway spruce as follows: (i) their current health status in the managed forests of Białowieża Forest District; (ii) possible causes and changes in their health during the last bark beetle outbreak; and (iii) potential losses from the gene pool. Our findings from ground and remote sensing inventories showed that only 12 out of 47 (25%) monumental trees protected by law survived until 2017 in the study area. The rest (75%) of the investigated trees had died. An analysis of meteorological data from Białowieża suggested that the beginning of the I. typographus outbreak in 2012 was associated with diminishing precipitation during growing seasons prior to this time and subsequent increases in annual temperature, coupled with heavy storms in 2017 toppling weakened trees. A comparison of old-growth “Monuments of Nature” spruce in the region (n = 47, average age 225 years) to seven reference spruce stands (n = 281, average age 132 years) revealed a loss of unique genetic features based on frequencies of eleven nuclear microsatellite loci. Although all studied populations had similar genetic background (FST(without NA) = 0.003 and no STRUCTURE clustering), all monumental spruce trees shared the highest parameters such as the mean observed and expected number of alleles per locus (Na = 15.909 and Ne = 7.656, respectively), mean allelic richness (AR(11) = 8.895), mean private alleles (Apriv = 0.909), and mean Shannon diversity index (I = 1.979) in comparison to the younger stands. Our results demonstrate that the loss of the old spruce trees will entail the loss of genetic variability of the Norway spruce population within the exceptionally valuable Białowieża Primeval Forest.
Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Tom Hsiang; Paulina Patynek; Krzysztof Stereńczak; Ireneusz Olejarski; Tomasz Oszako. Health Assessment and Genetic Structure of Monumental Norway Spruce Trees during A Bark Beetle (Ips typographus L.) Outbreak in the Białowieża Forest District, Poland. Forests 2020, 11, 647 .
AMA StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska, Tom Hsiang, Paulina Patynek, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Ireneusz Olejarski, Tomasz Oszako. Health Assessment and Genetic Structure of Monumental Norway Spruce Trees during A Bark Beetle (Ips typographus L.) Outbreak in the Białowieża Forest District, Poland. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustyna Anna Nowakowska; Tom Hsiang; Paulina Patynek; Krzysztof Stereńczak; Ireneusz Olejarski; Tomasz Oszako. 2020. "Health Assessment and Genetic Structure of Monumental Norway Spruce Trees during A Bark Beetle (Ips typographus L.) Outbreak in the Białowieża Forest District, Poland." Forests 11, no. 6: 647.
Pines are major components of native forests and plantations in Europe, where they have both economic significance and an important ecological role. Diseases of pines are mainly caused by fungal and oomycete pathogens, and can significantly reduce the survival, vigor, and yield of both individual trees and entire stands or plantations. Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), is among the most devastating pine diseases in the world, and is an example of an emergent invasive disease in Europe. The effects of microbial interactions on plant health, as well as the possible roles plant microbiomes may have in disease expression, have been the focus of several recent studies. Here, we describe the possible effects of co-infection with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes with F. circinatum on the health of pine seedlings and mature plants, in an attempt to expand our understanding of the role that biotic interactions may play in the future of PPC disease in European nurseries and forests. The available information on pine pathogens that are able to co-occur with F. circinatum in Europe is here reviewed and interpreted to theoretically predict the effects of such co-occurrences on pine survival, growth, and yield. Beside the awareness that F. circinatum may co-occurr on pines with other pathogens, an additional outcome from this review is an updating of the literature, including the so-called grey literature, to document the geographical distribution of the relevant pathogens and to facilitate differential diagnoses, particularly in nurseries, where some of them may cause symptoms similar to those induced by F. circinatum. An early and accurate diagnosis of F. circinatum, a pathogen that has been recently introduced and that is currently regulated in Europe, is essential to prevent its introduction and spread in plantings and forests.
Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Matteo Garbelotto; Jaime Aguayo; Alejandro Solla; Martin Mullett; Tiia Drenkhan; Funda Oskay; Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya; Eugenia Iturritxa; Michelle Cleary; Johanna Witzell; Margarita Georgieva; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Danut Chira; Marius Paraschiv; Dmitry L. Musolin; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Elena Varentsova; Katarina Adamčíková; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Kateryna Davydenko; Paolo Capretti; Bruno Scanu; Paolo Gonthier; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Jorge Martín-García; Carmen Morales-Rodríguez; Asko Lehtijärvi; H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Tomasz Oszako; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Helena Bragança; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Jarkko Hantula; Julio J. Díez; Lehtijärvi. Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe. Forests 2019, 11, 7 .
AMA StyleMargarita Elvira-Recuenco, Santa Olga Cacciola, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Matteo Garbelotto, Jaime Aguayo, Alejandro Solla, Martin Mullett, Tiia Drenkhan, Funda Oskay, Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya, Eugenia Iturritxa, Michelle Cleary, Johanna Witzell, Margarita Georgieva, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Danut Chira, Marius Paraschiv, Dmitry L. Musolin, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Elena Varentsova, Katarina Adamčíková, Svetlana Markovskaja, Nebai Mesanza, Kateryna Davydenko, Paolo Capretti, Bruno Scanu, Paolo Gonthier, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Jorge Martín-García, Carmen Morales-Rodríguez, Asko Lehtijärvi, H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi, Tomasz Oszako, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Helena Bragança, Mercedes Fernández-Fernández, Jarkko Hantula, Julio J. Díez, Lehtijärvi. Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe. Forests. 2019; 11 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Elvira-Recuenco; Santa Olga Cacciola; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Matteo Garbelotto; Jaime Aguayo; Alejandro Solla; Martin Mullett; Tiia Drenkhan; Funda Oskay; Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya; Eugenia Iturritxa; Michelle Cleary; Johanna Witzell; Margarita Georgieva; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Danut Chira; Marius Paraschiv; Dmitry L. Musolin; Andrey V. Selikhovkin; Elena Varentsova; Katarina Adamčíková; Svetlana Markovskaja; Nebai Mesanza; Kateryna Davydenko; Paolo Capretti; Bruno Scanu; Paolo Gonthier; Panaghiotis Tsopelas; Jorge Martín-García; Carmen Morales-Rodríguez; Asko Lehtijärvi; H. Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi; Tomasz Oszako; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Helena Bragança; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Jarkko Hantula; Julio J. Díez; Lehtijärvi. 2019. "Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe." Forests 11, no. 1: 7.
Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’ Donnell) is the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC) disease, one of the most devastating forest diseases worldwide. Long-distance spread occurs mainly through the movement of infected seeds whereas at regional level, the movement of seedlings, substrates, or containers may play an important role in fungal dispersal. Invasion of nurseries takes place via infected seeds and further spread can occur by planting contaminated seedlings, especially due to the possibility of infected plants remaining symptomless. Once established, F. circinatum spreads by rain, wind, and insects. The natural spread of the pathogen is limited due to the short dispersal distances of the spores and the fairly short flight distances of disseminating insects. In this review, we summarize the currently known dispersal pathways of the pathogen, discussing both natural and human-assisted processes. With the purpose of understanding how to best intervene in the disease’s development in nurseries and forests, we outline the epidemiology of the pathogen describing the key factors influencing its spread. Preventive measures to control the spread of F. circinatum locally and globally are described with special emphasis on the challenges in implementing them.
Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros; Julio J. Diez; Jorge Martín-García; Johanna Witzell; Alejandro Solla; Rodrigo Ahumada; Paolo Capretti; Michelle Cleary; Rein Drenkhan; Miloň Dvořák; Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Luisa Ghelardini; Paolo Gonthier; Laura Hernández-Escribano; Renaud Ioos; Svetlana Markovskaja; Pablo Martínez-Álvarez; E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Tomasz Oszako; Rosa Raposo; Alberto Santini; Jarkko Hantula. Pine Pitch Canker (PPC): Pathways of Pathogen Spread and Preventive Measures. Forests 2019, 10, 1158 .
AMA StyleCristina Zamora-Ballesteros, Julio J. Diez, Jorge Martín-García, Johanna Witzell, Alejandro Solla, Rodrigo Ahumada, Paolo Capretti, Michelle Cleary, Rein Drenkhan, Miloň Dvořák, Margarita Elvira-Recuenco, Mercedes Fernández-Fernández, Luisa Ghelardini, Paolo Gonthier, Laura Hernández-Escribano, Renaud Ioos, Svetlana Markovskaja, Pablo Martínez-Álvarez, E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Tomasz Oszako, Rosa Raposo, Alberto Santini, Jarkko Hantula. Pine Pitch Canker (PPC): Pathways of Pathogen Spread and Preventive Measures. Forests. 2019; 10 (12):1158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Zamora-Ballesteros; Julio J. Diez; Jorge Martín-García; Johanna Witzell; Alejandro Solla; Rodrigo Ahumada; Paolo Capretti; Michelle Cleary; Rein Drenkhan; Miloň Dvořák; Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Mercedes Fernández-Fernández; Luisa Ghelardini; Paolo Gonthier; Laura Hernández-Escribano; Renaud Ioos; Svetlana Markovskaja; Pablo Martínez-Álvarez; E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia; Justyna Anna Nowakowska; Tomasz Oszako; Rosa Raposo; Alberto Santini; Jarkko Hantula. 2019. "Pine Pitch Canker (PPC): Pathways of Pathogen Spread and Preventive Measures." Forests 10, no. 12: 1158.
Досліджено перспективи використання фосфітів як стимуляторів відпірності дерев дуба звичайного до патогенів з роду Phytophthora. Для цього на території надлісництва "Кротошин" Регіональної дирекції державних лісів у Познані (Польща) закладено пробні площі, на яких з літака оброблено дубові деревостани препаратами Kalex та Actifos. Для порівняльного аналізу вибрано 30 оброблених препаратами дерев та 30 контрольних. Усі вкриті лісом ділянки характеризуються типом лісорослинних умов свіжий сугруд (C2) та типом лісу – свіжа грабова судіброва. Встановлено статистично обґрунтовану відмінність у середніх значеннях досліджуваних ознак коріння для оброблених фосфітами та контрольних дерев. Встановлено, що сукупний вплив біотичних та абіотичних чинників на ріст дерев та формування їхніх кореневих систем у досліджуваних деревостанах є подібним. Зважаючи на наявність у ґрунті патогенів з роду Phytophthora, дерева, оброблені фосфітами, мають кращі значення стану крони, що було використано як індикатор загального санітарного стану досліджуваних дерев. Здійснений аналіз зміни середніх значень ознак коренів показав відмінність у формуванні власне цих ознак у здорових, пошкоджених та замираючих оброблених фосфітами та контрольних дерев. Зважаючи на певні особливості, формалізовано залежність ступеня дефоліації та синтетичного індексу Syn від відповідних морфолого-таксаційних ознак дерев та ознак коріння. Отримані регресійні рівняння дають змогу пояснити тенденції та здійснити наближений прогноз модельваних залежностей для оброблених фосфітами та контрольних дерев.
H. H. Hrynyk; Tomasz M. Oszako; Miłosz Tkaczyk. Дослідження впливу фосфітів як стимуляторів відпірності дерев дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.) до збудників з роду Phytophthora на території Кротошинське плато (Польща). Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 2019, 29, 9 -24.
AMA StyleH. H. Hrynyk, Tomasz M. Oszako, Miłosz Tkaczyk. Дослідження впливу фосфітів як стимуляторів відпірності дерев дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.) до збудників з роду Phytophthora на території Кротошинське плато (Польща). Scientific Bulletin of UNFU. 2019; 29 (8):9-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. H. Hrynyk; Tomasz M. Oszako; Miłosz Tkaczyk. 2019. "Дослідження впливу фосфітів як стимуляторів відпірності дерев дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.) до збудників з роду Phytophthora на території Кротошинське плато (Польща)." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 29, no. 8: 9-24.
Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnel is listed among the species recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in Europe. Over 60 Pinus species are susceptible to the pathogen and it also causes disease on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and species in genera such as Picea and Larix. The European Food Safety Authority considers the probability of new introductions—via contaminated seeds, wood material, soil and growing substrates, natural means and human activities—into the EU very likely. Due to early detection, constant surveillance and control measures, F. circinatum outbreaks have officially been eradicated in Italy and France. However, the global spread of F. circinatum suggests that the pathogen will continue to be encountered in new environments in the future. Therefore, continuous surveillance of reproductive material, nurseries and plantations, prompt control measures and realistic contingency plans will be important in Europe and elsewhere to limit disease spread and the “bridgehead effect”, where new introductions of a tree pathogen become increasingly likely as new environments are invaded, must be considered. Therefore, survey programs already implemented to limit the spread in Europe and that could be helpful for other EU countries are summarized in this review. These surveys include not only countries where pitch canker is present, such as Portugal and Spain, but also several other EU countries where F. circinatum is not present. Sampling protocols for seeds, seedlings, twigs, branches, shoots, soil samples, spore traps and insects from different studies are collated and compiled in this review. Likewise, methodology for morphological and molecular identification is herein presented. These include conventional PCR with a target-specific region located in the intergenic spacer region, as well as several real-time PCR protocols, with different levels of specificity and sensitivity. Finally, the global situation and future perspectives are addressed.
Eeva J. Vainio; Diana Bezos; Helena Bragança; Michelle Cleary; Gerda Fourie; Margarita Georgieva; Luisa Ghelardini; Salla Hannunen; Renaud Ioos; Jorge Martín-García; Pablo Martínez-Álvarez; Martin Mullett; Tomasz Oszako; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Barbara Piškur; Carmen Romeralo; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Emma T. Steenkamp; Katherine Tubby; Michael J. Wingfield; Julio J. Diez; Ioos; Martín- García; Papazova- Anakieva; Sanz- Ros; Diez. Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe. Forests 2019, 10, 723 .
AMA StyleEeva J. Vainio, Diana Bezos, Helena Bragança, Michelle Cleary, Gerda Fourie, Margarita Georgieva, Luisa Ghelardini, Salla Hannunen, Renaud Ioos, Jorge Martín-García, Pablo Martínez-Álvarez, Martin Mullett, Tomasz Oszako, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Barbara Piškur, Carmen Romeralo, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Emma T. Steenkamp, Katherine Tubby, Michael J. Wingfield, Julio J. Diez, Ioos, Martín- García, Papazova- Anakieva, Sanz- Ros, Diez. Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe. Forests. 2019; 10 (9):723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEeva J. Vainio; Diana Bezos; Helena Bragança; Michelle Cleary; Gerda Fourie; Margarita Georgieva; Luisa Ghelardini; Salla Hannunen; Renaud Ioos; Jorge Martín-García; Pablo Martínez-Álvarez; Martin Mullett; Tomasz Oszako; Irena Papazova-Anakieva; Barbara Piškur; Carmen Romeralo; Antonio V. Sanz-Ros; Emma T. Steenkamp; Katherine Tubby; Michael J. Wingfield; Julio J. Diez; Ioos; Martín- García; Papazova- Anakieva; Sanz- Ros; Diez. 2019. "Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe." Forests 10, no. 9: 723.
Halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum, an evergreen shrub inhabiting the Mediterranean region, has well-documented phytoremediation potential for metal removal from polluted sites. It is also considered to be a medicinal halophyte with potent activity against plant pathogens. Therefore, L. monopetalum may be a suitable candidate for isolating endophytic microbiota members that provide plant growth promotion (PGP) and resistance to abiotic stresses. Selected for biocontrol abilities, these endophytes may represent multifaceted and versatile biocontrol agents, combining pathogen biocontrol in addition to PGP and plant protection against abiotic stresses. In this study 117 root culturable bacterial endophytes, including Gram-positive (Bacillus and Brevibacillus), Gram-negative (Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pectobacterium) and actinomycete Nocardiopsis genera have been recovered from L. monopetalum. The collection exhibited high levels of biocontrol abilities against bacterial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAT2 and Pectobacterium carotovorum MAT3) and fungal (Alternaria alternata XSZJY-1, Rhizoctonia bataticola MAT1 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici FORL) pathogens. Several bacteria also showed PGP capacity and resistance to antibiotics and metals. A highly promising candidate Bacillus licheniformis LMRE 36 with high PGP, biocontrol, metal and antibiotic, resistance was subsequently tested in planta (potato and olive trees) for biocontrol of a collection of 14 highly damaging Fusarium species. LMRE 36 proved very effective against the collection in both species and against an emerging Fusarium sp. threatening olive trees culture in nurseries. These findings provide a demonstration of our pyramiding strategy. Our strategy was effective in combining desirable traits in biocontrol agents towards broad-spectrum resistance against pathogens and protection of crops from abiotic stresses. Stacking multiple desirable traits into a single biocontrol agent is achieved by first, careful selection of a host for endophytic microbiota recovery; second, stringent in vitro selection of candidates from the collection; and third, application of the selected biocontrol agents in planta experiments. That pyramiding strategy could be successfully used to mitigate effects of diverse biotic and abiotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. It is anticipated that the strategy will provide a new generation of biocontrol agents by targeting the microbiota of plants in hostile environments.
Houda Ben Slama; Mohamed Ali Triki; Ali Chenari Bouket; Fedia Ben Mefteh; Faizah N. Alenezi; Lenka Luptakova; Hafsa Cherif-Silini; Armelle Vallat; Tomasz Oszako; Neji Gharsallah; Lassaad Belbahri. Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent Limoniastrum monopetalum’ Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 249 .
AMA StyleHouda Ben Slama, Mohamed Ali Triki, Ali Chenari Bouket, Fedia Ben Mefteh, Faizah N. Alenezi, Lenka Luptakova, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Armelle Vallat, Tomasz Oszako, Neji Gharsallah, Lassaad Belbahri. Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent Limoniastrum monopetalum’ Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents. Microorganisms. 2019; 7 (8):249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHouda Ben Slama; Mohamed Ali Triki; Ali Chenari Bouket; Fedia Ben Mefteh; Faizah N. Alenezi; Lenka Luptakova; Hafsa Cherif-Silini; Armelle Vallat; Tomasz Oszako; Neji Gharsallah; Lassaad Belbahri. 2019. "Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent Limoniastrum monopetalum’ Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents." Microorganisms 7, no. 8: 249.
The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on the culture morphology, all the obtained isolates were proven to be free from Cryphonectria (Saccardo) Saccardo & D. Saccardo hypovirus. The isolates of C. parasitica from the sweet chestnut were compatible with three different vegetative compatibility types, EU-12, EU-2, and EU-1, while the isolates from the sessile oak belonged to EU-12. After inoculation in laboratory conditions, the isolate from the sweet chestnut and sessile oak caused the decline in 88 and 76% of the sweet chestnut plants, respectively. In the case of the sessile oak, both isolates caused the decline in 52% of the plants. In field conditions, both isolates were aggressive to sessile oak trees after previous bark wounds and they were statistically significantly different compared to the control trees. The isolate from the sweet chestnut caused significantly larger cankers compared to both the isolate from the sessile oak and the control.
Dragan Karadžić; Zlatan Radulović; Katarzyna Sikora; Zoran Stanivuković; Vesna Golubović Ćurguz; Tomasz Oszako; Ivan Milenković. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia. Plant Protection Science 2019, 55, 191 -201.
AMA StyleDragan Karadžić, Zlatan Radulović, Katarzyna Sikora, Zoran Stanivuković, Vesna Golubović Ćurguz, Tomasz Oszako, Ivan Milenković. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia. Plant Protection Science. 2019; 55 (No. 3):191-201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDragan Karadžić; Zlatan Radulović; Katarzyna Sikora; Zoran Stanivuković; Vesna Golubović Ćurguz; Tomasz Oszako; Ivan Milenković. 2019. "Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia." Plant Protection Science 55, no. No. 3: 191-201.