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Menghua Liu
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China

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Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Phytomedicine
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: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common nephropathy with a complex and diverse aetiology. Both Imperatae rhizoma and Hedyotis diffusa Willd. are herbs that are widely used as medicine and functional food. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, they are used as an herbal pair (HP) to treat inflammation-related diseases in the clinic, especially disorders of the kidney. : This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects of HP in an NS rat model and provide scientific data for its clinical application. : An NS model was established by two-dose injection of Sprague-Dawley rats with adriamycin. Seven groups, including the sham, model, HP treatment (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg/d), prednisone (positive control, 5 mg/kg/d), and atorvastatin (positive control, 4 mg/kg/d) groups, were tested. The biochemical indexes of renal function and inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA kits and/or qPCR assays, and the crucial protein involved in the signalling pathway were subsequently tested by qPCR and/or Western blotting. Based on specific compounds identified by LC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacological study was carried out. : The levels of BUN, Scr, Upro, UA, Alb, TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly elevated in model rats. HP treatment for four weeks improved the renal function and the dyslipidaemia by decreasing the levels of all parameters, except BUN and Scr. HP treatment (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg/d) upregulated the expression of PPARγ, CYP7b1, and LDLR in the liver, while it down-regulated PCSK9, showing a regulatory effect on lipid metabolism disorder. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the plasma and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and TGF-β1 in the kidney were decreased in HP groups, revealing its anti-inflammatory effect in NS rats. The HP exerted an alleviation effect on the inflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of p50 and p65. There were 34 compounds identified or tentatively characterized in HP. In the network pharmacological study, PPARG(PPARγ), PCSK9, RELA(p65), and NF-κB1(p50) were the top 20 targets for HP, supporting the animal experimental results. : HP exhibited protective effects on NS rats. These effects might be closely related to the inhibition of NF-κB and PCSK9-LDLR and activation of the PPARγ-CYP7B1 signalling pathways.

ACS Style

Wei Zou; Yaqian Dong; Shicong Yang; Linna Gong; Yan Zhang; Birui Shi; Lei La; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. Imperatae rhizoma-Hedyotis diffusa Willd. herbal pair alleviates nephrotic syndrome by integrating anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects. Phytomedicine 2021, 90, 153644 .

AMA Style

Wei Zou, Yaqian Dong, Shicong Yang, Linna Gong, Yan Zhang, Birui Shi, Lei La, Lan Tang, Menghua Liu. Imperatae rhizoma-Hedyotis diffusa Willd. herbal pair alleviates nephrotic syndrome by integrating anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects. Phytomedicine. 2021; 90 ():153644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zou; Yaqian Dong; Shicong Yang; Linna Gong; Yan Zhang; Birui Shi; Lei La; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. 2021. "Imperatae rhizoma-Hedyotis diffusa Willd. herbal pair alleviates nephrotic syndrome by integrating anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects." Phytomedicine 90, no. : 153644.

Review
Published: 31 January 2021 in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Kochiae Fructus (KF) is the fruit of an annual potherb Kochia scoparia (Linn.) Schrad and has been traditionally used for the treatment of diseases in the skin, eyes, and urinary tract for thousands of years in China. Recent studies have showed its anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiallergic, and antipruritogenic effects to clarify the mechanisms of these actions. Meanwhile, its other effects, such as anticancer, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects, also have been reported. The achievement of these therapeutic effects is contributed by its chemical constituents. A total of 153 compounds have been identified in KF, mainly including triterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and essential oils. Momordin Ic is the representative triterpene glycoside compound, which is used as a phytochemical marker for the quality control of Kochiae Fructus. The research on toxicity is insufficient, and only one article reported that the LD50 was 7.15 ± 0.03 g/kg for water extract of KF after oral administration in KM mice. In addition, the pharmacokinetic study was carried out on momordin Ic with linear pharmacokinetic characteristics. Above all, this review provides comprehensive information about Kochiae Fructus and may provide the theoretic foundation of its clinical application and further development.

ACS Style

Wei Zou; Zhong Tang; Yao Long; Zuoqi Xiao; Bo Ouyang; Menghua Liu. Kochiae Fructus, the Fruit of Common Potherb Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Quality Control, and Pharmacokinetics. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021, 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Wei Zou, Zhong Tang, Yao Long, Zuoqi Xiao, Bo Ouyang, Menghua Liu. Kochiae Fructus, the Fruit of Common Potherb Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Quality Control, and Pharmacokinetics. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021; 2021 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zou; Zhong Tang; Yao Long; Zuoqi Xiao; Bo Ouyang; Menghua Liu. 2021. "Kochiae Fructus, the Fruit of Common Potherb Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Quality Control, and Pharmacokinetics." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021, no. : 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Dingxin Recipe (DXR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been reported to be effective and safe treatment for cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, coronary heart disease. Dingxin Recipe IV (DXR IV) was further improved from the DXR according to the traditional use. However, the mechanism of DXR IV in atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to illustrate whether DXR IV improve atherosclerosis through modulating the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in atherosclerosis mice. 40 male ApoE-/- mice were fed on HFD for 12 weeks and were then treated with DXR IV (1.8, 0.9, or 0.45 g/kg/d) for another 12 weeks. The decroation of DXR IV contains four traditional Chinese medicines: the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch. (15.09%), the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (28.30%), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (37.74%) and the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. (18.87%). 8 male c57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet served as control group. The atherosclerotic plaque was quantified by oil-red O staining and masson trichrome staining. Mice feces were collected. The gut micobiota were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolites were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The effect of DXR IV on blood lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C) was investigated. The lipid metabolism related genes were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting respectively. DXR IV exerted the anti-atherosclerosis effect by inhibiting the excessive cholesterol deposition in aorta and regulating the level of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The composition of gut microbiota was changed. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae increased after DXR IV administration, whereas the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae decreased, which have been beneficial to lipid metabolism. Nine potential metabolic biomarkers, including acetate, butyrate, propionate, alanine, succinate, valerate, xylose, choline, glutamate, were identified, which were related to fatty acid metabolism. Further, the pathway of fatty acid was detected by the RT-qPCR and western blotting. Compared with model group, the level of LXR-α and SREBP1 decreased significantly in DXR IV group while LXR-β, SREBP2 showed no statistical significance. It indicated that DXR IV modulated lipid metabolism by LXR-α/SREBP1 but not LXRβ and SREBP2. DXR IV exhibits potential anti-atherosclerosis effect, which is closely related to lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota. This study may provide novel insights into the mechanism of DXR IV on atherosclerosis and a basis for promising clinical usage.

ACS Style

Yaxin Zhang; Yuyan Gu; Yihao Chen; Zhiyong Huang; Mei Li; Weihao Jiang; Jiahui Chen; Wenting Rao; Shangfei Luo; Yuyao Chen; Junqi Chen; Lijun Li; Yuhua Jia; Menghua Liu; Fenghua Zhou. Dingxin Recipe IV attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through LXR-α/SREBP1 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2020, 266, 113436 .

AMA Style

Yaxin Zhang, Yuyan Gu, Yihao Chen, Zhiyong Huang, Mei Li, Weihao Jiang, Jiahui Chen, Wenting Rao, Shangfei Luo, Yuyao Chen, Junqi Chen, Lijun Li, Yuhua Jia, Menghua Liu, Fenghua Zhou. Dingxin Recipe IV attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through LXR-α/SREBP1 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 266 ():113436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaxin Zhang; Yuyan Gu; Yihao Chen; Zhiyong Huang; Mei Li; Weihao Jiang; Jiahui Chen; Wenting Rao; Shangfei Luo; Yuyao Chen; Junqi Chen; Lijun Li; Yuhua Jia; Menghua Liu; Fenghua Zhou. 2020. "Dingxin Recipe IV attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through LXR-α/SREBP1 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 266, no. : 113436.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2020 in Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Penyanling is made up of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SG, from Smilar glabra Roxb.), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (AS, from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SM, from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Sargentodoxae Caulis (SC, from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd.et Wils.), Linderae Radix (LR, from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm.), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PR, from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), Sparganii Rhizoma (SR, from Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham.), Corydalis Rhizoma (CoR, from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang), Cyperi Rhizoma (CyR, from Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GR, from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), and Patrinia Scabiosaefolia (PS, from Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev.) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It has been used on pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) for more than twenty years. Aim of the study: This study was carried out to illustrate its pharmacological action and clarify its substantial composition. The anti-inflammatory effects of Penyanling were studied on a PID rat model and a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line. Histological changes and levels of inflammatory factors in the uterine tube of the PID rat were examined. Levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the nuclear of THP-1 cells and NF-κB, IκB-α, and FPR2 in the cytoplasm were tested by Western blot analysis. Substances within Penyanling were scanned with liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). The contents of total flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins were quantified. The anti-inflammatory effects of Penyanling were observed on PID rats, such as suppressing the infiltrations of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the uterine tube, decreasing the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and promoting the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4). On the other hand, Penyanling regulated the activity of NF-κB signal pathway on the LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell line, which suggested the potential mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect. Besides, it could promote the expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which suggested its effect on enhancing the resolution of inflammation. Seventy-six substances were identified by their accurate molecular weights, mass fragment patterns, retention times, and standards if available. Most of these substances were flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and alkaloids. The contents of total flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins within Penyanling were 0.186, 1.371, and 4.321 mg/mL, respectively. Penyanling showed an anti-inflammatory effect on PID, and its potential mechanism involved suppressing NF-κB signal pathway and promoting the resolution of inflammation. The main substances within it were flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and alkaloids.

ACS Style

Wei Zou; Linna Gong; Fenghua Zhou; Yao Long; Zhen Li; Zuoqi Xiao; Bo Ouyang; Menghua Liu. Anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Penyanling on pelvic inflammatory disease. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2020, 266, 113405 .

AMA Style

Wei Zou, Linna Gong, Fenghua Zhou, Yao Long, Zhen Li, Zuoqi Xiao, Bo Ouyang, Menghua Liu. Anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Penyanling on pelvic inflammatory disease. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 266 ():113405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zou; Linna Gong; Fenghua Zhou; Yao Long; Zhen Li; Zuoqi Xiao; Bo Ouyang; Menghua Liu. 2020. "Anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Penyanling on pelvic inflammatory disease." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 266, no. : 113405.

Review
Published: 23 August 2020 in Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Herba Patriniae has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. It is applied widly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, acute hepatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and ulcerative colitis in clinic. Two species, namely Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. (PS) and Patrinia villosa Juss. (PV) from the Caprifoliaceae family, are considered as Herba Patriniae in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper aims to comprehensively outline the traditional uses, botanical description, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, quality control, pharmacokinetics and patents of Herba Patriniae, and elaborate the same/different characteristics between PS and PV. Detailed information of Herba Patriniae was collected from various online databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Schola, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, National Intellectual Property Administration, PRC National Medical Products Administration), and those published resources (M.Sc. Thesis and books). A total of 233 compounds have been identified in Herba Patriniae, including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, organic acids, iridoids, and volatiles. A very distinct difference was observed, that PS is rich in triterpenoid saponins and volatiles, while PV contains more flavonoids. Two source species of Herba Patriniae gave similar pharmacological effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, sedative and hypnotic effects. But there were no reports were on antipruritic, proangiogenic and anti-diarrheal effects for PS, and no studies on anti-diabetic effects for PV. Generally, Herba Patriniae showed non-toxic in the clinical dose, but mild side effects, such as temporary leukopenia, dizziness and nausea, could be found when large and excessive dosage is used. A variety of compounds have been quantified for the quality control of PS and PV. The variety, growth environment, growth time, and harvest time not only affected the contents but also the pharmacological activities of the bioactive compounds. In the past year, patents for compositions containing PV and PS have been filed, mainly involving human health, hygiene, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Unfortunately, the research on pharmacokinetics is insufficient. Only the prototype components and metabolites were repored after intragastric administration of total flavonoids extract from PV in rats. Herba Patriniae has displayed a significant medicinal value in clinic, but the differences in phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and the content of compounds have been found between two official recorded species. About side effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics, the differences between two species have not been well studied. For a better clinical use of Herba Patriniae, it is urgent to establish systematic pharmacology, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and clinical researches on the same/different characteristics between PS and PV.

ACS Style

Linna Gong; Wei Zou; Keyang Zheng; Birui Shi; Menghua Liu. The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2020, 265, 113264 -113264.

AMA Style

Linna Gong, Wei Zou, Keyang Zheng, Birui Shi, Menghua Liu. The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 265 ():113264-113264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linna Gong; Wei Zou; Keyang Zheng; Birui Shi; Menghua Liu. 2020. "The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 265, no. : 113264-113264.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Antioxidants
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Paeonia suffruticosa is an ornamental, edible, and medicinal plant. The ethanolic extracts of P. suffruticosa bud and flower were examined for their antioxidant, anti-photoaging, and phytochemical properties prior to chemometric analysis. The results showed that the bud ethanolic extract (BEE) and the flower (the early flowering stage) ethanolic extract (FEE) had better antioxidant activities, and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the skin tissues. In total, 68 compounds, including 20 flavonoids, 15 phenolic derivatives, 12 terpenoids, 9 fatty acids, and 12 others were identified or tentatively identified by ultra-fast liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS). Gallic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloyl glucose, paeoniflorin, and oxypaeoniflorin were predominant compounds in the extracts. Taken together, P. suffruticosa flowers are a candidate for functional material in food and health related industries, and their optimal time to harvest is before the early flowering stage.

ACS Style

Jingyu He; Yaqian Dong; Liu; Yiling Wan; Tanwei Gu; Xuefeng Zhou; He; Dong; Wan; Gu; Zhou; Xiaoyan Liu; Menghua Liu. Comparison of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Anti-Photoaging Activities of Paeonia suffruticosa Flowers at Different Flowering Stages. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 345 .

AMA Style

Jingyu He, Yaqian Dong, Liu, Yiling Wan, Tanwei Gu, Xuefeng Zhou, He, Dong, Wan, Gu, Zhou, Xiaoyan Liu, Menghua Liu. Comparison of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Anti-Photoaging Activities of Paeonia suffruticosa Flowers at Different Flowering Stages. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (9):345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyu He; Yaqian Dong; Liu; Yiling Wan; Tanwei Gu; Xuefeng Zhou; He; Dong; Wan; Gu; Zhou; Xiaoyan Liu; Menghua Liu. 2019. "Comparison of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Anti-Photoaging Activities of Paeonia suffruticosa Flowers at Different Flowering Stages." Antioxidants 8, no. 9: 345.

Original article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Natural Products and Bioprospecting
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the melioration effect of Codonopisis tangshen Oliv. (COD) on the DKD model, which was established by unilateral nephrectomy (UN)-high fat diet feeding (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). After the DKD rats were oral treated with COD at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks, the blood glucose, lipid metabolism, renal function, inflammatory mediators, and fibrosis-associated proteins were examined. In vivo, the COD administration obviously relieved the weight loss, water intake, and blood glucose; decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and improved the renal function by reducing the expression of serum creatinine, uric acid, and urinary protein compared with the model group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by COD. Meanwhile, the deposition of collagen fiber was markedly increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated in DKD rats, but they were decreased to some extent after the COD treatment. In conclusion, COD exhibited a protective effect on the UN-HFD feeding combined with STZ-induced DKD model by improving the blood glucose and lipid metabolism, relieving the inflammatory response, and mitigating the renal fibrosis, which provided scientific evidence for its applications in clinic.

ACS Style

Xian-Yuan Lu; Feng-Hua Zhou; Ya-Qian Dong; Lin-Na Gong; Qing-Yun Li; Lan Tang; Zheng Cai; Jing-Yu He; Meng-Hua Liu. Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Amelioration Effect on Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats Induced by High Fat Diet Feeding Combined with Streptozotocin. Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2018, 8, 441 -451.

AMA Style

Xian-Yuan Lu, Feng-Hua Zhou, Ya-Qian Dong, Lin-Na Gong, Qing-Yun Li, Lan Tang, Zheng Cai, Jing-Yu He, Meng-Hua Liu. Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Amelioration Effect on Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats Induced by High Fat Diet Feeding Combined with Streptozotocin. Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 2018; 8 (6):441-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xian-Yuan Lu; Feng-Hua Zhou; Ya-Qian Dong; Lin-Na Gong; Qing-Yun Li; Lan Tang; Zheng Cai; Jing-Yu He; Meng-Hua Liu. 2018. "Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Amelioration Effect on Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats Induced by High Fat Diet Feeding Combined with Streptozotocin." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 8, no. 6: 441-451.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2018 in Phytomedicine
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: Renal fibrosis is the most common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease. It is characterized by excess extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and renal tissue damage, subsequently leading to kidney failure. Asperulosidic acid (ASPA), a bioactive iridoid glycoside, exerts anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) have not yet been investigated. : This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ASPA on renal fibrosis induced by UUO, and to explore its pharmacological mechanism. : Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham group, UUO model group, three ASPA treatment groups (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), and captopril group (20 mg/kg). Rats were administered vehicle, ASPA or captopril intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days. Urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and inflammatory factors in serum samples were evaluated on the 7th, 10th, and 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. In addition, the 12-h urine was collected to test the content of urinary protein (upro) on the 14th day. The obstructive renal tissues were collected for pathological analysis (hematoxylin and eosion (H&E) staining and Masson's Trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical analysis on the 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. The mRNA expression of related factors and the protein levels of smad2, smad3, and smad4 were measured in UUO-induced rats by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. : The levels of BUN, UA, and upro were elevated in UUO-induced rats, but ASPA treatment improved renal function by reducing the levels of BUN, UA, and upro. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, as well as the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were decreased after ASPA administration (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The ASPA exerted an alleviation effect on the inflammatory response through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, reductions in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen III, and fibronectin expression were observed after ASPA administration at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. Furthermore, the renal expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), smad2, smad3, and smad4 was down-regulated by ASPA treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. : ASPA possessed protective effects on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO-induced rats. These effects may be through inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 signaling pathways.

ACS Style

Lu Xianyuan; Zou Wei; Dong Yaqian; Zhou Dan; Tong Xueli; Dong Zhanglu; Liang Guanyi; Tang Lan; Liu Menghua. Anti-renal fibrosis effect of asperulosidic acid via TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Phytomedicine 2018, 53, 274 -285.

AMA Style

Lu Xianyuan, Zou Wei, Dong Yaqian, Zhou Dan, Tong Xueli, Dong Zhanglu, Liang Guanyi, Tang Lan, Liu Menghua. Anti-renal fibrosis effect of asperulosidic acid via TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Phytomedicine. 2018; 53 ():274-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu Xianyuan; Zou Wei; Dong Yaqian; Zhou Dan; Tong Xueli; Dong Zhanglu; Liang Guanyi; Tang Lan; Liu Menghua. 2018. "Anti-renal fibrosis effect of asperulosidic acid via TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction." Phytomedicine 53, no. : 274-285.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2018 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Hedyotis diffusa is a folk herb that is used for treating inflammation-related diseases in Asia. Previous studies have found that iridoids in H. diffusa play an important role in its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of five iridoids (asperuloside (ASP), asperulosidic acid (ASPA), desacetyl asperulosidic acid (DAA), scandoside methyl ester (SME), and E-6-O-p-coumaroyl scandoside methyl ester (CSME)) that are presented in H. diffusa using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—induced RAW 264.7 cells. ASP and ASPA significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in parallel with the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. ASP treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of the inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB alpha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The inhibitory effect of ASPA was similar to that of ASP, except for p38 phosphorylation. In summary, the anti-inflammatory effects of ASP and ASPA are related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which provides scientific evidence for the potential application of H. diffusa.

ACS Style

Jingyu He; Xianyuan Lu; Ting Wei; Yaqian Dong; Zheng Cai; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. Asperuloside and Asperulosidic Acid Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 2027 .

AMA Style

Jingyu He, Xianyuan Lu, Ting Wei, Yaqian Dong, Zheng Cai, Lan Tang, Menghua Liu. Asperuloside and Asperulosidic Acid Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (7):2027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyu He; Xianyuan Lu; Ting Wei; Yaqian Dong; Zheng Cai; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. 2018. "Asperuloside and Asperulosidic Acid Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 7: 2027.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2018 in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
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Morusin is a prenylated flavone isolated from mulberry, the branch and root bark of various Morus species, which possesses diverse pharmacological activities. However, it lacks extensive studies about its absorption and disposition. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic behavior of morusin in rat, and its first-pass metabolism in situ. The metabolic pathway of morusin was further investigated by 12 human recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), 9 CYP450s, as well as liver and intestinal microsomes. Four mono-glucuronide metabolites (M-5-G, M-4′-G, M-2′-G, and MII-2) were identified in rat intestine and bile by LC–MS/MS, while three of them were also detected in plasma (M-5-G, M-4′-G, and MII-2). M-4′-G was the principal conjugate. However, few CYP450 metabolites were found in rat intestine and bile. Only a small amount of MI-1 could be detected in rat plasma. UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A7, and 2B7 were the major contributors to morusin glucuronidation. Morusin exhibited substrate inhibition kinetic characteristics in all UGTs. Clearance rates of M-4′-G in HLM, RLM, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and UGT2B7 were 137.02, 127.55, 32.54, 41.18, and 35.07 ml/min/mg, respectively. Besides, CYP3A5, 3A4, and 2C19 primarily contributed to the oxidative metabolism of morusin. The pharmacokinetic curves of morusin and its conjugates presented double peaks, showing that an enterohepatic recycling may exist. In conclusion, glucuronidation was confirmed to be the crucial metabolic pathway for morusin in vivo, and M-4′-G was the main metabolite.

ACS Style

Chuqi Hou; Wenqin Liu; Zhi Liang; Weichao Han; Jinqing Li; Ling Ye; Menghua Liu; Zheng Cai; Jie Zhao; Yi Chen; Shuwen Liu; Lan Tang. UGT-mediated metabolism plays a dominant role in the pharmacokinetic behavior and the disposition of morusin in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2018, 154, 339 -353.

AMA Style

Chuqi Hou, Wenqin Liu, Zhi Liang, Weichao Han, Jinqing Li, Ling Ye, Menghua Liu, Zheng Cai, Jie Zhao, Yi Chen, Shuwen Liu, Lan Tang. UGT-mediated metabolism plays a dominant role in the pharmacokinetic behavior and the disposition of morusin in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2018; 154 ():339-353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuqi Hou; Wenqin Liu; Zhi Liang; Weichao Han; Jinqing Li; Ling Ye; Menghua Liu; Zheng Cai; Jie Zhao; Yi Chen; Shuwen Liu; Lan Tang. 2018. "UGT-mediated metabolism plays a dominant role in the pharmacokinetic behavior and the disposition of morusin in vivo and in vitro." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 154, no. : 339-353.

Article
Published: 03 February 2018 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The iridoids of Hedyotis diffusa Willd play an important role in the anti-inflammatory process, but the specific iridoid with anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism has not be thoroughly studied. An iridoid compound named scandoside (SCA) was isolated from H. diffusa and its anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism was confirmed by in intro experiments and molecular docking analyses. As results, SCA significantly decreased the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibited the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. SCA treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B alpaha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The docking data suggested that SCA had great binding abilities to COX-2, iNOS and IκB. Taken together, the results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of SCA is due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators via suppressing the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which provided useful information for its application and development.

ACS Style

Jingyu He; Jiafeng Li; Han Liu; Zichao Yang; Fenghua Zhou; Ting Wei; Yaqian Dong; Hongjiao Xue; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. Scandoside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect Via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 457 .

AMA Style

Jingyu He, Jiafeng Li, Han Liu, Zichao Yang, Fenghua Zhou, Ting Wei, Yaqian Dong, Hongjiao Xue, Lan Tang, Menghua Liu. Scandoside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect Via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (2):457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyu He; Jiafeng Li; Han Liu; Zichao Yang; Fenghua Zhou; Ting Wei; Yaqian Dong; Hongjiao Xue; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu. 2018. "Scandoside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect Via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2: 457.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
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Zhi Liang; Chang Xu; Lingna Dong; Yile Fu; Qiong Wu; Jie Zhao; Ling Ye; Zheng Cai; Menghua Liu; Bijun Xia; Lan Tang; Zhongqiu Liu. Involvement of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in higenamine glucuronidation and the gender and species differences in liver. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017, 93, 172 -179.

AMA Style

Zhi Liang, Chang Xu, Lingna Dong, Yile Fu, Qiong Wu, Jie Zhao, Ling Ye, Zheng Cai, Menghua Liu, Bijun Xia, Lan Tang, Zhongqiu Liu. Involvement of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in higenamine glucuronidation and the gender and species differences in liver. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017; 93 ():172-179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Liang; Chang Xu; Lingna Dong; Yile Fu; Qiong Wu; Jie Zhao; Ling Ye; Zheng Cai; Menghua Liu; Bijun Xia; Lan Tang; Zhongqiu Liu. 2017. "Involvement of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in higenamine glucuronidation and the gender and species differences in liver." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 93, no. : 172-179.

Research article
Published: 30 May 2017 in Biomedical Chromatography
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Humantenmine (HMT), the most toxic compound isolated from Gelsemium elegans Benth, is a well‐known active herbal compound. A rapid and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to estimate the absolute oral bioavailability of HMT in rats. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring using electrospray ionization operated in positive ion mode with transitions of m/z 327.14 → m/z 296.19 for HMT and m/z 323.20 → m/z 236.23 for gelsemine (internal standard, IS). The linear range of the calibration curve was 1–256 nmol/L, with a lower limit of quantification at 1 nmol/L. The accuracy of HMT ranged from 89.39 to 107.5%, and the precision was within 12.24% (RSD). Excellent recovery and negligible matrix effect were observed. HMT remained stable during storage, preparation and analytical procedures. The pharmacokinetics of HMT in rats showed that HMT reached the concentration peak at 12.50 ± 2.74 min with a peak concentration of 28.49 ± 6.65 nmol/L, and the corresponding area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t) was 1142.42 ± 202.92 nmol/L min after 200 μg/kg HMT was orally administered to rats. The AUC0–t of HMT given at 20 μg/kg by tail vein administration was 1518.46 ± 192.24 nmol/L min. The calculated absolute bioavailability of HMT was 7.66%.

ACS Style

Yanxian Hu; Minghao Chen; Zhaoyu Wang; Yao Lan; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu; Jie Zhao; Ming Hu; Lulu Zhang; Ling Ye. Development of a validated UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of humantenmine in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies. Biomedical Chromatography 2017, 31, e4017 .

AMA Style

Yanxian Hu, Minghao Chen, Zhaoyu Wang, Yao Lan, Lan Tang, Menghua Liu, Jie Zhao, Ming Hu, Lulu Zhang, Ling Ye. Development of a validated UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of humantenmine in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies. Biomedical Chromatography. 2017; 31 (12):e4017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanxian Hu; Minghao Chen; Zhaoyu Wang; Yao Lan; Lan Tang; Menghua Liu; Jie Zhao; Ming Hu; Lulu Zhang; Ling Ye. 2017. "Development of a validated UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of humantenmine in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies." Biomedical Chromatography 31, no. 12: e4017.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Functional Foods
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Jing-Yu He; Yuan-He Zhang; Na Ma; Xu-Lin Zhang; Meng-Hua Liu; Wei-Ming Fu. Comparative analysis of multiple ingredients in Rosa roxburghii and R . sterilis fruits and their antioxidant activities. Journal of Functional Foods 2016, 27, 29 -41.

AMA Style

Jing-Yu He, Yuan-He Zhang, Na Ma, Xu-Lin Zhang, Meng-Hua Liu, Wei-Ming Fu. Comparative analysis of multiple ingredients in Rosa roxburghii and R . sterilis fruits and their antioxidant activities. Journal of Functional Foods. 2016; 27 ():29-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing-Yu He; Yuan-He Zhang; Na Ma; Xu-Lin Zhang; Meng-Hua Liu; Wei-Ming Fu. 2016. "Comparative analysis of multiple ingredients in Rosa roxburghii and R . sterilis fruits and their antioxidant activities." Journal of Functional Foods 27, no. : 29-41.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2016 in The AAPS Journal
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Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) play important roles in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds. The gene transcription of CYPs and UGTs can be enhanced or reduced by transcription factors (TFs). This study aims to explore novel TFs involved in the regulatory network of human hepatic UGTs/CYPs. Correlations between the transcription levels of 683 key TFs and CYPs/UGTs in three different human liver expression profiles (n = 640) were calculated first. Supervised weighted correlation network analysis (sWGCNA) was employed to define hub genes among the selected TFs. The relationship among 17 defined TFs, CYPs/UGTs expression, and activity were evaluated in 30 liver samples from Chinese patients. The positive controls (e.g., PPARA, NR1I2, NR1I3) and hub TFs (NFIA, NR3C2, and AR) in the GreysWGCNA Module were significantly and positively associated with CYPs/UGTs expression. And the cancer- or inflammation-related TFs (TEAD4, NFKB2, and NFKB1) were negatively associated with mRNA expression of CYP2C9/CYP2E1/UGT1A9. Furthermore, the effect of NR1I2, NR1I3, AR, TEAD4, and NFKB2 on CYP450/UGT1A gene transcription translated into moderate influences on enzyme activities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and supervised weighted correlation network analysis (sWGCNA) for defining TFs potentially related to CYPs/UGTs. We detected several novel TFs involved in the regulatory network of hepatic CYPs and UGTs in humans. Further validation and investigation may reveal their exact mechanism of CYPs/UGTs regulation.

ACS Style

Shilong Zhong; Weichao Han; Chuqi Hou; Junjin Liu; Lili Wu; Menghua Liu; Zhi Liang; Haoming Lin; Lili Zhou; Shuwen Liu; Lan Tang. Relation of Transcriptional Factors to the Expression and Activity of Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 1A in Human Liver: Co-Expression Network Analysis. The AAPS Journal 2016, 19, 203 -214.

AMA Style

Shilong Zhong, Weichao Han, Chuqi Hou, Junjin Liu, Lili Wu, Menghua Liu, Zhi Liang, Haoming Lin, Lili Zhou, Shuwen Liu, Lan Tang. Relation of Transcriptional Factors to the Expression and Activity of Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 1A in Human Liver: Co-Expression Network Analysis. The AAPS Journal. 2016; 19 (1):203-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shilong Zhong; Weichao Han; Chuqi Hou; Junjin Liu; Lili Wu; Menghua Liu; Zhi Liang; Haoming Lin; Lili Zhou; Shuwen Liu; Lan Tang. 2016. "Relation of Transcriptional Factors to the Expression and Activity of Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 1A in Human Liver: Co-Expression Network Analysis." The AAPS Journal 19, no. 1: 203-214.

Validation study
Published: 01 May 2012 in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
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A sensitive rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rb(3) in rats, after oral administration (50mg/kg) and intravenous administration (10mg/kg) of Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rb(3), respectively. The plasma samples were extracted by saturated N-butanol with Rg(2) as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1mM ammonium formate (74:26, v/v). Multiple reaction monitoring mode was performed using the fragmentation transitions of m/z 1107.7→m/z 178.9, m/z 1077.7→m/z 148.6, and m/z 1077.7→m/z 783.4 for Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rb(3), respectively. Calibration curves were recovered over a concentration range of 20-1000 ng/ml for Rb(1) and Rb(2), and 50-2500 ng/ml for Rb(3). The limits of detection were 3.0 ng/ml, 4.0 ng/ml, and 6.5 ng/ml. Both intra-day and inter-day variances were less than 15% and the accuracy was within 86-114% for the three ginsenosides. All three ginsenosides had poor oral bioavailability (0.78%, 0.08%, and 0.52% for Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rb(3), respectively). The value of Rb(1) is higher than that of Rb(2) or Rb(3), indicating that ginsenosides with hexose and hydroxyl groups (Rb(1)) could present better pharmacokinetic behaviors than those with pentose groups in the same glycosylation site by oral administration.

ACS Style

Jie Zhao; Chang Su; Cuiping Yang; Menghua Liu; Lan Tang; Weiwei Su; Zhongqiu Liu. Determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 in rat plasma by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method: Application in a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2012, 64-65, 94 -97.

AMA Style

Jie Zhao, Chang Su, Cuiping Yang, Menghua Liu, Lan Tang, Weiwei Su, Zhongqiu Liu. Determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 in rat plasma by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method: Application in a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2012; 64-65 ():94-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Zhao; Chang Su; Cuiping Yang; Menghua Liu; Lan Tang; Weiwei Su; Zhongqiu Liu. 2012. "Determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 in rat plasma by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method: Application in a pharmacokinetic study." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 64-65, no. : 94-97.